TERRORISM IMPLANTING

Ali Raza
Khurram Rana
Syed Nauman
Uliya Suleman
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

KHURRAM RANA
Definition of terrorism

 Terrorism is not new, and even though it

has been used since the beginning of
recorded history it can be relatively
hard to define. Terrorism has been
described variously as both a tactic
and strategy; a crime and a holy duty;
a justified reaction to oppression and
an inexcusable abomination.
Obviously, a lot depends on whose
point of view is being represented.
Terrorism has often been an effective
tactic for the weaker side in a conflict.
As an asymmetric form of conflict, it
confers coercive power with many of
the advantages of military force at a
fraction of the cost.
Brief History

v The Reign of Terror

v
v USA and Europe
v
v Middle East
v
v WW II

Terrorism in Christianity

 British journalist and politician Ian

Gilmour has cited the historical case of
the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
as an instance of religious terrorism
on par with modern day terrorism, and
goes on to write, "That massacre, said
Pope Gregory XIII, gave him more
pleasure than fifty Battles of Lepanto,
and he commissioned Vasari to paint
frescoes of it in the Vatican". It is
estimated that 2,000 to possibly
25,000 Huguenots (French
Protestants) were killed by Catholic
mobs, and it has been called "the
worst of the century's religious
massacres". The massacre led to the
start of the "fourth war" of the French
Wars of Religion, which was marked by
Terrorism in Sikhism

v Sikh extremist activity in the

independence movement seems to
have started in the late mid-19th
century, with agitation against
British rule, by the extremist Sikh
sect of Kuka (Namdhari).
v
v In the early 20th century, other Sikhs
who employed extremist tactics
emerged whose goals were Indian
independence and the British
leaving India. Such extremists
included Kartar Singh Sarabha
(Ghadar conspiracy), Bhagat Singh,
Ajmere Singh, and Udham Singh.

Terrorism in Islam

 Islamic terrorism is often inspired by

numerous Qur'an verses that justify or
encourage attacks on non-Muslims or
those who may not be regarded as
pious. Robert Pape, has argued that at
least terrorists utilizing suicide attacks
— a particularly effective form of
terrorist attack—are driven not by
Islamism but by "a clear strategic
objective: to compel modern
democracies to withdraw military
forces from the territory that the
terrorists view as their homeland."



Terrorism in Pakistan

v Pre-1980
v
v Aid to Mujahideen and Arab Afghans
v
v Post Afghan War
v
v Lashkar-e-Taiba
v
v Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan
v
v War in North-West Pakistan



CASES

ALI RAZA
Other Similar Cases

AFIYA SIDDIQUI


v
v Aafia Siddiqui is a Pakistani Muslim
neuroscientist, accused by the U.N.
and U.S. of being an al-Qaeda
member.
v
v A Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) alumna and
Brandeis University Ph.D.
v
v Mother of three, she had disappeared
in March 2003.
v
v She has a large public support in
Pakistan.
Other Similar Cases

RASHID RAUF


v
v 27 year old Rashid Rauf belonged to a
business family of Birmingham.
v
v Developed an alleged plot to kill
hundreds of civilians by blowing up
transatlantic airliners using liquid
explosive.
v
v Believed to have close ties with Jaish-
e-Mohammad
v
v Believed to have died in the US drone
strike.

Other Similar Cases

 OMER SHEIKH


v British born militant Omer Sheikh is

the son of a rich merchant. Sheikh
Studied in London School of
Economics and Aitchison College.
v
v Omar Sheikh, 27, was a close associate
of Maulana Azhar Masood - founder
of the banned Jaish-e-Mohammad
group.
v
v Attended the best schools including
London School of Economics and
Aitchison college.

Other Similar Cases

 OMER SHEIKH (CONTD.)



v His father, Saeed Ahmed, was a

succesful Pakistani clothes
merchant from Wanstead in east
London.


v Involved in the killing of Journalist

Daniel Pearl.



Other Similar Cases

 5 MUSLIM AMERICANS ARRESTED IN

SARGHODA


v Five Muslim Americans with suspected

ties to terrorism were detained on
December 9, 2009, in Pakistan.
v
v Their names are: Umer Farooq,
Ramy Zamzam,
Ahmed Abdullah Minni,
Waqar Khan, and Aman Yasir



Other Similar Cases

7 JULY 2005 LONDON BOMBINGS

SIDDIQUE KHAN

v Siddique Khan worked at a School as a

learning mentor.
v
v Mohammad Sidique Khan was the
oldest of the four suicide
v
v He bombed the Edgware Road train in
which six people died, plus himself.
v
v Khan worked at a school as a learning
mentor.

Other Similar Cases

 HASEEB MIR HUSSAIN



v 28 year old
v
v Hasib Hussain was born in Leeds in
September 1986.
v
v He left school in July 2003 with seven
GCSEs.
v
v Hasib Hussain bombed bus No. 30,
killing 13 people
Other Similar Cases

 SHEHZAD TANVEER


v Tanveer is believed to have met

members of Jaish-i-Mohammad while
his stay in Pakistan.
v
v In 2004 he travelled to Karachi along
with Mohammad Sidique Khan
where he is believed to have
receievedtraining.
v
v His family confirms he attended a
madrassa during his to Pakistann
v
v Reportedly, Tanveer met leaders of
radical group Jaish-e-Muhammad
CASE STUDY OF FAISAL
SHEHZAD
ULIYA SULEMAN
Who is Faisal Shehzad?

v Faisal Shahzad is a 30-year-old naturalized

U.S. citizen who lived in Bridgeport,
Connecticut. Originally from Pakistan
v
v Attended Southeastern University in
Washington DC
v
v He later got an MBA.
v
v In October 2006 he married Huma Mian, an
American citizen
v
v The couple bought a small house in Shelton, a
town in Connecticut close to Bridgeport
and had two young children, a boy and a
girl.
v
v Neighbours said they lived there for almost
three years together with two of Mrs
What did he do?

 Pakistani-American has been charged

with driving an explosives-laden car
into New York's Times Square on May
1.


 Shahzadwas arrested approximately 53

hours after the attempt by U.S.
Customs and Border Protection
officers.


 He was taken into custody at John F.

Kennedy International Airport, after
boarding Emirates Flight 202 to Dubai.
His final destination was Islamabad.


 Shahzad's activity during the several

months he spent in Pakistan last year
What did he do?

 U.S. prosecutors say he has admitted

attending a terrorist training camp in
tribal region of Waziristan.


 The formal complaint against Shahzad

involves him in five terrorism-related
crimes, including the attempted use of
a weapon of mass destruction.


 If convicted, he faces up to life in prison.



 Shahzad is believed to travel to Pakistan

on July 3, 2009 and also reportedly
visited Peshawar While in Pakistan; he
is believed to have attended a
terrorist training camp in what was
believed to be Waziristan.
Background

v Shahzad comes from a wealthy, well-

educated family in northwest
Pakistan.
v
v His father, Baharul Haq, lives in a
suburb of Peshawar. He was a
senior official in the Pakistan Air
Force, holding the rank of Air Vice-
Marshal before leaving the air force
in 1992


v



Change…

v His marriage became strained in 2009,

as he pressured his wife to wear a
hijab, and insisted that the family
return to Pakistan while he searched
for a job in the Middle East.
v
v On June 2, he telephoned his wife from
JFK Airport, saying he was leaving
for Pakistan, and that it was up to
her choice whether to follow him.
She refused, and instead she and
their two children moved to
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, where her
parents were living.

Shehzad…a lone wolf?

v Investigations carried out by Pakistani

intelligence agencies to explore any
possible militant links of Faisal
Shahzad indicate that he might have
been used as a lone wolf operator
by his Jihadi handlers given the fact
that recruits bearing Western
citizenship are valued by al-Qaeda-
linked Pakistani Jihadi groups.
v
v Preliminary investigations being
carried out by the Pakistani
authorities indicate a possible
involvement of the Tehrik-e-Taliban
Pakistan led by Hakeemullah
Mehsud and Jaish-e-Mohammad.
Shehzad…a lone wolf?

v Imparting the basic training Faisal

Shahzad was reportedly given
during his five month stay in
Pakistan [between August 2009 and
February 2010.
v
v Faisal keeps insisting that he acted
alone, but his confession of a link
with the Waziristan region and
phone calls made from his mobile to
Pakistan shortly before the failed
bombing plot simply belie his claim.

Media Coverage

Faisal arrest – A great dramaFaisal Shehzad’s Taliban ties

Shehzad – The hybrid terrorist

A visit to Faisal Shehzad’s vill
Media Reports

 Tehran times carried out the headline :



 Is Faisal Shahzad crazy?



 “I was expecting you. Are you NYPD or FBI?” 

when federal agents boarded his Emirates
flight to Dubai on the runway at JFK
airport, Shahzad said:  

There he was, about to get away -- he was

belted in his seat, and the plane was ready
to take off -- and yet he tells the feds he
was “expecting” them.


v The truth of the matter is that he may

simply have gone insane. 
v
v His private life and his activities have
Media Reports

 In New York Times:



v Faisal Shahzad was trained by the

militant group in the Mohmand
region and received $15,000 to
carry out the New York attack,
officials say.
v
v Times Square bomber received several
days of training in Pakistan's
Mohmand region and roughly
$15,000 from the Pakistani Taliban
to finance the attack, according to
U.S. officials briefed on the case.

Media Reports

 Articles from India have generalized all

facts:


 “Faisal Shazad who decided to resort to

terrorism to express his anger against
the Americans, actually represent two
ends of a spectrum of violent Islamic
militants who are being groomed in
Pakistan.

Therefore, highly educated

multinational youngsters like Faisal
are increasingly being chosen by the
international jihadi mafia as recruits to
strike at the heart of the West.

Both represent two ends of a spectrum

of violent jihadis being groomed in
Media Reports

 Pakistani media tried to highlight the

means and ways that could have
turned him in such a fanatic.


 Articles saying:


 “There was guilt as he saw pictures of

Gaza’s dead children and related them
to US support for Israel. Internet
browsing or, perhaps, the local
mosque steered him towards the idea
of an Islamic caliphate. This solution to
the world’s problems would require, of
course, the US to be destroyed. Hence
Shahzad’s self-confessed trip to
Waziristan. ”(Dawn)
Media Reports

 Article saying:


 “Pakistanis are afraid. When they see on

television, 'Pakistani terrorist in Times
Square,' they just want to hide their
face,” Hussain said at a brightly lit
Pakistani restaurant in suburban
Washington.

But for many Pakistani-Americans, the

bomb plot instilled not so much fear
but embarrassment. The community
has been proud of its prosperity in this
nation of immigrants and has come
under far less scrutiny than Pakistani
British. (Dawn)

Media Reports

 “In the 1980s, when Shahzad was a

child, Peshawar was a staging post for
the mujahideen who fought against
the Soviets in Afghanistan, a place
frequented by Osama bin Laden and
swollen by a morass of two million
Afghan refugees.

But villagers could give no clues as to

why the fresh-faced lightly bearded
man allegedly drove a Nissan SUV
crammed with a large, but
malfunctioning bomb into Times
Square, nor whether he acted in
concert with Islamist groups”. (The
News)

REASONS FOR TERRORISM

SYED NAUMAN
Terrorism in the world

v Bush administration’s policies

v
v Iranian Revolution of 1979


Overthrew the Shah

Encouraged Shia Communities to

assert themselves

Reaction among Sunnis who launched

their own militia

Terrorism in the world

v Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in

late 1979

The CIA assembled thousands of

Islamic militants from nearly 20
Islamic countries.

The services of Osama bin Laden

were utilized and the American
media praised his role in building up
resistance against the Soviet forces.

The US also provided liberal funds

to support madressahs that were
training Afghan militants. These
militants later became the nucleus
for the Taliban.
Terrorism in the world

v
v Indian occupation of Kashmir

Within Pakistan, militancy in

support of the oppressed people of
Kashmir gained momentum, and
several new organizations were
established, based largely on
Kashmiris living in Pakistan and
Azad Kashmir.


v Occupation of Palestine

Such is the state of despair, and

revulsion over Israeli tactics that
the Palestinians have turned to
terror.
Terrorism in the world

v Invasion of countries by US after 9/11

Since the events of 9/11, as the US

has relied on pre-emption on the
basis of overwhelming force, and
has shown scant regard for human
life or legitimate concerns in Islamic
countries, the militant groups have
risen up even in places where
terrorism did not exist, such as Iraq.
The most regrettable aspect of this
situation is that it projects a wrong
image of Islam.

Terrorism in Pakistan

v Technology
v
v Sectarianism
Brailvi, Deobandi, Ahle Hadith and
Shias


v Ethnic threat
Mohajirs, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtuns
and Balochs
v
v Madrassahs
v
v Poverty and family pressure
v
v Political Instability

Terrorism in Pakistan

v Economic Conditions
Devalued currency, high prices,
taxes


v Standards Of Living


v Religious Extremism and Islamic

militancy


v Ethno Nationalist Groups

BLFA
v
v Threat of creating a state within a
state
v
v
Terrorism in Pakistan

v Indian role
Indian funding of Sindhi and
Pashtun separatists has been an
open secret in Pakistan

India has supported and financed

terrorist attacks in Pakistan
v
v Russian factor
Hathora (hammer) groups of the
1980s. The vicious culprits were
from the Soviet bloc, teaching a
lesson to Pakistan for its pro-
Afghanistan policy

Shootings in Masjids
v
SUGGESTIONS TO COUNTER
TERRORISM
SYED NAUMAN
Strategies

v The Strategy must seek to counter

terrorism in all its forms and
manifestations.

v It should promote international

cooperation, especially through
inclusive, transparent and
accountable processes.

v It should enhance the capacity of

Member States to undertake the
operational and other policy
measures required to counter and
eliminate terrorism.

v It should address the underlying

causes - political, economic and
Strategies

v It should promote the implementation

of the international conventions and
relevant international law to
counter terrorism.

v It should be consistent with the

principles of the UN Charter -
ensuring the sovereignty and
sovereign equality of states and
right of people to self
determination- and international
law, humanitarian law and universal
human rights standards.

v It should prevent the suppression of

legitimate resistance against
Strategies

v It should not discriminate against any

religion or other group and should
promote tolerance and harmony
among religions, cultures and
civilizations.

v It should encompass measures aimed

at achieving short, medium and
longer-term objectives.

v It should include measures to promote

operational action by and
cooperation among States,
measures to promote clear legal
norms and standards, including a
legal definition of terrorism; and
measures to address the underlying
conditions that give rise to
Short term measures

 Operational Measures

– Police measures;

– Intelligence sharing;

– Financial and monitory controls;

– Organized crime;

– Border controls;

– Building state capacity and

expertise in counter-terrorism.
Short term measures

 Implementation of existing legal

conventions and norms including
implementation of:

– 13 International counter-
terrorism conventions and the
additional protocols.

– Security Council resolutions

1267, 1373 and 1540.

– Streamlining of procedures (e.g.

listing and de-listing
procedures of resolution 1267,
reporting obligations etc.).



Medium term measures

v Adoption of improved operational

process in above fields.

v Finalization of legal definition of

terrorism.

v Adoption, by consensus, of a
comprehensive convention against
terrorism.

v Steps to enhance adoption and

implementation of measures to
prevent terrorists from acquiring
WMD capabilities, including through
international treaties
v
v Initiation of steps to address the
Long term measures

v Resolution of major outstanding

disputes.

v Implementing of National Strategies to

combat and eliminate extremism

v Promotion of Religious Tolerance and

harmony within and among States.

v Dialogue among Religions, Cultures

and Civilizations

v Adoption and implementation of

global, regional and national
measures to promote socio-
economic growth and modernization

Institutional measures

v Criminalize the financing of terrorism

v
v Freeze without delay any funds related
to persons involved in acts of
terrorism
v
v Deny all forms of financial support for
terrorist groups
v
v Suppress the provision of safe haven,
sustenance or support for terrorists
v
v Share information with other
governments on any groups
practicing or planning terrorist acts
v
Institutional measures

v
v Cooperate with other governments in the
investigation, detection, arrest,
extradition and prosecution of those
involved in such acts; and
v
v Criminalize active and passive assistance
for terrorism in domestic law and bring
violators to justice.
v
v A UN Secretariat Mechanism for
coordination.

v An international Centre on Counter

Terrorism which could promote the
adoption, implementation and
monitoring of the short, medium and
long term measures set out in the
comprehensive strategy.
Other measures

v Knowing religion as your own

v
v Should keep a watch on madrassas
v
v There should be one educational
system giving equal opportunity and
exposure to all
v
v In the long run, Pakistan cannot be
saved until Pakistan's Muslims take
back the mosques
v
v Dialog between Shias and Sunnis
v
v Regular conference between ethnic
groups in Karachi
Other measures

v Dialog between Muslims and non-

Muslims
v
v A drug jihad is needed
v
v Education of police
v
v Better arms and equipment is needed
v
v Electronic surveillance equipment to
fight high-tech criminals
v
v A research and analysis wing of the
police academy
Other measures

v Empowering Citizenry
v
v Independent Security Companies
v
v Better Law Schools
v
v Citizens' Task Force on Law & Order
v
v Protocol
President Zardari’s Protocol
Measures Government of
Pakistan can take

 Government of Pakistan should:



v Strictly observe the Terrorist

organizations.

v Federal Bureau Investigation(FBI)

can be a main organization which
can easily observe the activities of 
Terrorists.

v The real solution is to kill the root of

Terrorism and systematically.

v Military operations against terrorists

are also very necessary.

v Education, Justice, Pour politics can