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Jbgpter 8 ! UZKID G XELEXEIJE IUAHEX
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MFUHCE AUC]K^CKJG]KFI
Jbgpter : ! IUAHEXZ GHF\E ]BE XELEXEIJE IUAHEX
AUC]K^C[KID IUAHEXZ KI ]BE ]EEIZ
AUC]K^C[KID IUAHEXZ GHF\E 7>>
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MFUHCE AUC]K^CKJG]KFI
Jbgpter = ! AUC]K^C[KID GHF\E , HECFT ]BE XELEXEIJE IUAHEX
IUAHEXZ GHF\E GIM HECFT
Jbgpter 5 ! JBEJOKID [FUX GIZTEXZ
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Jbgpter < ! AUC]K^CKJG]KFI UZKID GI[ XELEXEIJE IUAHEX
AUC]K^CKJG]KFI H[ LGJ]FXZ
AUC]K^C[KID IUAHEXZ HECFT 8>
AUC]K^C[KID IUAHEXZ GHF\E GIM HECFT 8>
UZKID 5> GZ G XELEXEIJE IUAHEX
AUC]K^C[KID BKDBEX IUAHEXZ
MFUHCKID GIM BGC\KID IUAHEXZ
Jbgpter 4 ! AUC]K^C[KID CFTEX IUAHEXZ
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Jbgpter 2 ! AUC]K^CKJG]KFI H[ 77
AUC]K^C[KID G ]TF!MKDK] IUAHEX H[ 77
AUC]K^C[KID CGXDEX IUAHEXZ H[ 77
AUC]K^C[KID H[ AUC]K^CEZ FL 77
Jbgpter ; ! AUC]K^C[KID MEJKAGCZ
AUC]K^CKJG]KFI FL MEJKAGCZ
Jbgpter 7> ! AUC]K^CKJG]KFI UZKID ]TF XELEXEIJE IUAHEXZ
EGZ[ AUC]K^CKJG]KFI H[ ;
UZKID LXGJ]KFIZ GZ AUC]K^CEZ
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UZKID MEJKAGC LXGJ]KFIZ GZ XELEXEIJE IUAHEXZ
Jbgpter 77 ! GMMK]KFI
GMMKID LXFA CEL] ]F XKDB]
HXEGOMFTI FL IUAHEXZ
JBEJOKID GMMK]KFI H[ JGZ]KID FU] IKIEZ
Jbgpter 78 ! ZUH]XGJ]KFI
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ZUH]XGJ]KFI LXFA G ^FTEX FL 7>
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Jbgpter 7: ! MK\KZKFI
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Jbgpter 7= ! CFID MK\KZKFI H[ LGJ]FXZ
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Jbgpter 75 ! Z]GIMGXM CFID MK\KZKFI AGME EGZ[
Jbgpter 7< ! MKXEJ] CFID MK\KZKFI
EZ]KAG]KID GIZTEXZ
XE\EXZE ]EJBIKWUE ! XFUIMKID FLL U^KTGXM
Jbgpter 74 ! JBEJOKID GIZTEXZ "MK\KZKFI+
JBGIDKID ]F AUC]K^CKJG]KFI
HFIUZ0 JGZ]KID FU] ]TFZ# ]EIZ GIM LK\EZ
JGZ]KID FU] IKIEZ TK]B AKIUZ ZUHZ]K]U]E IUAHEXZ
Jbgpter 72 ! LXGJ]KFIZ AGME EGZ[
TFXOKID TK]B LXGJ]KFIZ
GMMKID LXGJ]KFIZ
ZUH]XGJ]KID LXGJ]KFIZ
AUC]K^C[KID LXGJ]KFIZ
MK\KMKID LXGJ]KFIZ
JBGIDKID JFAAFI LXGJ]KFIZ ]F MEJKAGCZ
Jbgpter 7; ! MKXEJ] AUC]K^CKJG]KFI
AUC]K^CKJG]KFI TK]B G MKLLEXEIJE
MKXEJ] AUC]K^CKJG]KFI UZKID IEDG]K\E IUAHEXZ
Jbgpter 8> ! ^U]]KID K] GCC KI]F ^XGJ]KJE
BFT MF K XEAEAHEX GCC FL ]BKZ6
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Gppeimkx J ! CEGXI ]BE 7:# 7= GIM 75 ]KAEZ ]GHCEZ
Gppeimkx M ! ]EZ]Z LFX MK\KZKHKCK][
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Gppeimkx L ! ^CUZ GIM AKIUZ IUAHEXZ
Gppeimkx D ! ^EXJEI]GDEZ
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Hut kl yfu sujjeem gim perlfra ckoe g deikus# yfu wkcc cfve agtbeagtkjs) Fltei# wbei K vkskt g sjbffc# stumeits wkcc gso tbekr tegjber# jgi we mf agtb lfr tbe rest fl tbe mgy6 ]be tegjber jgi‛t heckeve kt) ]bese gre okms wbf bgve gcwgys sgkm tbey bgte agtb)
Kl yfu gre dffm gt agtb# pefpce tbkio yfu gre sagrt) ^efpce wkcc tregt yfu ckoe yfu gre g deikus) [fur tegjbers gim yfur lrkeims wkcc tregt yfu mkllereitcy) [fu wkcc evei tbkio mkllereitcy ghfut yfursecl) Gim tbere ks dffm regsfi lfr kt”kl yfu gre mfkid tbkids tbgt ficy sagrt pefpce jgi mf# wbgt mfes tbgt agoe yfu6 Zagrt'
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Fltei pgreits gim tegjbers wkcc tecc tbe jbkcm# –@ust try) [fu gre ift trykid)‑ Fr tbey tecc tbe jbkcm tf try bgrmer) ]bks `ust jguses lrustrgtkfi) ]be jbkcm wfucm ckoe tf try bgrmer hut mfesi‛t oifw bfw) Usugccy jbkcmrei `ust mfi‛t oifw wbere tf stgrt) Hftb jbkcm gim pgreit hejfae lrustrgtem gim gidry)
K ga dfkid tf tegjb yfu# wktb tbks hffo# ift ficy wbgt tf mf hut bfw tf mf kt) Whu eom fd o aotndaotgeoi `dmgus) [fu bgve tbe ghkckty tf perlfra ckdbtikid jgcjucgtkfis ki yfur begm tbgt wkcc gstfiksb yfur lrkeims# yfur lgakcy gim yfur tegjbers) ]bks hffo ks dfkid tf tegjb yfu bfw tf perlfra ckoe g deikus”tf mf tbkids yfur tegjber# fr evei yfur prkijkpgc# jgi‛t mf) Bfw wfucm yfu ckoe tf he ghce tf auctkpcy hkd iuahers fr mf cfid mkvkskfi ki yfur begm6 Tbkce tbe ftber okms gre wrktkid tbe prfhceas mfwi ki tbekr hffos# yfu gre gcregmy jgcckid fut tbe giswer)
]be okms "gim gmucts+ wbf gre deikuses gt agtbeagtkjs mfi‛t bgve hetter hrgkis tbgi yfu”tbey bgve hetter aetbfms) ]bks hffo ks dfkid tf tegjb yfu tbfse aetbfms) K bgvei‛t wrkttei tbks hffo ckoe g sjbffchffo fr texthffo) ]bks ks g hffo tf pcgy wktb) [fu gre dfkid tf cegri egsy wgys fl mfkid jgcjucgtkfis# gim tbei we gre dfkid tf pcgy gim experkaeit wktb tbea) Te wkcc evei sbfw fll tf lrkeims gim lgakcy)
Tbei K wgs ki ikitb drgme K bgm g agtbeagtkjs tegjber wbf kispkrem ae) Be wfucm tecc us stfrkes fl Zbercfjo Bfcaes fr fl tbrkccer afvkes tf kccustrgte bks pfkits) Be wfucm fltei sgy# –K ga ift suppfsem tf he tegjbkid yfu tbks#‑ fr# –[fu gre ift suppfsem tf cegri tbks lfr giftber yegr fr twf)‑ Fltei K jfucmi‛t wgkt tf det bfae lrfa sjbffc tf try afre exgapces lfr aysecl) Be mkmi‛t tegjb agtbeagtkjs ckoe tbe ftber tegjbers) Be tfcm stfrkes gim tgudbt us sbfrt juts tbgt wfucm becp us hegt tbe ftber jcgsses) Be agme agtb exjktkid) Be kispkrem ay cfve fl agtbeagtkjs)
Tbei K vkskt g sjbffc K sfaetkaes gso stumeits# –Tbf mf yfu tbkio ks tbe sagrtest okm ki tbks sjbffc6‑ K tecc tbea K mfi‛t wgit tf oifw tbe persfi‛s igae) K `ust wgit tbea tf tbkio ghfut wbf tbe persfi ks) ]bei K gso# –Tbf tbkios tbgt tbe persfi yfu gre tbkiokid fl bgs heei tfcm tbey gre stupkm6‑ If fie seeas tf tbkio sf)
Everyfie bgs heei tfcm gt fie tkae tbgt tbey gre stupkm”hut tbgt mfesi‛t agoe kt true) Te gcc mf stupkm tbkids) Evei Ekisteki mkm stupkm tbkids# hut be wgsi‛t g stupkm persfi) Hut pefpce agoe tbe akstgoe fl tbkiokid tbgt tbks aegis tbey gre ift sagrt) ]bks ks ift true? bkdbcy kitecckdeit pefpce mf stupkm tbkids gim agoe stupkm akstgoes) K ga dfkid tf prfve tf yfu gs yfu regm tbks hffo tbgt yfu gre very kitecckdeit) K ga dfkid tf sbfw yfu bfw tf hejfae g agtbeagtkjgc deikus)
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Xeaeaher# tbe eapbgsks ki tbks hffo ks fi pcgykid wktb agtbeagtkjs) Ei`fy kt) Zbfw fll wbgt yfu cegri) Use tbe aetbfms gs fltei gs yfu jgi) Use tbe aetbfms lfr jbejokid giswers every tkae yfu agoe g jgcjucgtkfi) Agoe tbe aetbfms pgrt fl tbe wgy yfu tbkio gim pgrt fl yfur ckle)
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Lfr tbe cgst pgrt fl tbe giswer# yfu –tkaes#‑ fr auctkpcy# tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces) Tbgt ks 8 tkaes =6 ]wf tkaes = aegis twf lfurs gmmem tfdetber) ]wf lfurs gre 2) Trkte tbe 2 gs tbe cgst pgrt fl tbe giswer) ]be giswer ks =2)
Egsy# wgsi‛t kt6 ]bks ks aujb egsker tbgi repegtkid yfur auctkpckjgtkfi tghces every mgy uitkc yfu reaeaher tbea) Gim tbks wgy# kt mfesi‛t agtter kl yfu lfrdet tbe giswer# hejguse yfu jgi skapcy wfro kt fut gdgki)
Mf yfu wgit tf try giftber fie6 Cet‛s try 4 tkaes 2) Te wrkte tbe prfhcea gim mrgw jkrjces hecfw tbe iuahers gs helfre0
Bfw agiy afre mf we ieem tf agoe 7>6 Tktb tbe lkrst iuaher# 4# we ieem :# sf we wrkte : ki tbe jkrjce hecfw tbe 4) Ifw df tf tbe 2) Bfw agiy afre tf agoe 7>6 ]be giswer ks 8# sf we wrkte 8 ki tbe jkrjce hecfw tbe 2)
Fur prfhcea ifw cffos ckoe tbks0
Ifw tgoe gwgy jrfsswgys) Ektber tgoe : lrfa 2 fr 8 lrfa 4) Tbkjbever wgy we mf kt# we det tbe sgae giswer) Zevei akius 8 ks 5 fr 2 akius : ks 5) Lkve ks fur giswer ektber wgy) Lkve ks tbe lkrst mkdkt fl tbe giswer) [fu ficy mf tbks jgcjucgtkfi fije# sf jbffse tbe wgy tbgt cffos egsker)
]be jgcjucgtkfi ifw cffos ckoe tbks0
Lfr tbe lkigc mkdkt fl tbe giswer we auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces0 : tkaes 8 "fr 8 tkaes :+ ks <) Trkte tbe < gs tbe sejfim mkdkt fl tbe giswer)
Bere ks tbe lkiksbem jgcjucgtkfi0
Zevei ekdbts gre 5<)
Bfw wfucm yfu sfcve tbks prfhcea ki yfur begm6 ]goe hftb iuahers lrfa 7> tf det : gim 8 ki tbe jkrjces) ]goe gwgy jrfsswgys) Zevei akius 8 ks 5) Te mfi‛t sgy lkve# we sgy# –Lklty )))‑ ]bei auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces) ]bree tkaes 8 ks <) Te wfucm sgy# –Lklty ))) skx)‑
Tktb g ckttce prgjtkje yfu wkcc he ghce tf dkve gi kistgit giswer) Gim# glter jgcjucgtkid 4 tkaes 2 g mfzei fr sf tkaes# yfu wkcc lkim yfu reaeaher tbe giswer# sf yfu gre cegrikid yfur tghces gs yfu df)
Zast ylursaoi
Bere gre sfae prfhceas tf try hy yfursecl) Mf gcc fl tbe prfhceas# evei kl yfu oifw yfur tghces wecc) ]bks ks tbe hgskj strgtedy we wkcc use lfr gcafst gcc fl fur auctkpckjgtkfi)
g) ; Ô ; 1
h) 2 Ô 2 1
j) 4 Ô 4 1
m) 4 Ô ; 1
e) 2 Ô ; 1
l) ; Ô < 1
d) 5 Ô ; 1
b) 2 Ô 4 1
K Bfw mkm yfu mf6 ]be giswers gre0
g) 27
h) <=
j) =;
m) <:
e) 48
l) 5=
d) =5
b) 5<
Ksi‛t tbks tbe egskest wgy tf cegri yfur tghces6
Ifw# jfver yfur giswers gim mf tbea gdgki ki yfur begm) Cet‛s cffo gt ; Ô ; gs gi exgapce) ]f jgcjucgte ; Ô ;# yfu bgve 7 hecfw 7> egjb tkae) Ikie akius 7 ks 2) [fu wfucm sgy# –Ekdbty)))‑ ]bei yfu auctkpcy 7 tkaes 7 tf det tbe sejfim bgcl fl tbe giswer# 7) [fu wfucm sgy# –Ekdbty ))) fie)‑
Kl yfu mfi‛t oifw yfur tghces wecc# kt mfesi‛t agtter) [fu jgi jgcjucgte tbe giswers uitkc yfu mf oifw tbea# gim if fie wkcc ever oifw)
Euot`poy`kg kuenars must naolw 433
Mfes tbks aetbfm wfro lfr auctkpcykid cgrder iuahers6 Kt jertgkicy mfes) Cet‛s try kt lfr ;< Ô ;4)
;< Ô ;4 1
Tbgt mf we tgoe tbese iuahers up tf6 Bfw agiy afre tf agoe wbgt6 Bfw agiy tf agoe 7>># sf we wrkte = hecfw ;< gim : hecfw ;4)
Tbgt mf we mf ifw6 Te tgoe gwgy jrfsswgys0 ;< akius : fr ;4 akius = equgcs ;:) Trkte tbgt mfwi gs tbe lkrst pgrt fl tbe giswer) Tbgt mf we mf iext6 Auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces0 = tkaes : equgcs 78) Trkte tbks mfwi lfr tbe cgst pgrt fl tbe giswer) ]be lucc giswer ks ;#:78)
Tbkjb aetbfm mf yfu tbkio ks egsker# tbks aetbfm fr tbe fie yfu cegriem ki sjbffc6 K melkiktecy tbkio tbks aetbfm? mfi‛t yfu gdree6
Cet‛s try giftber) Cet‛s mf ;2 Ô ;5)
;2 Ô ;5 1
Lkrst we mrgw tbe jkrjces)
Bfw agiy afre mf we ieem tf agoe 7>>6 Tktb ;2 we ieem 8 afre gim wktb ;5 we ieem 5) Trkte 8 gim 5 ki tbe jkrjces)
Ifw tgoe gwgy jrfsswgys) [fu jgi mf ektber ;2 akius 5 fr ;5 akius 8)
;2 ! 5 1 ;:
hr
;5 ! 8 1 ;:
]be lkrst pgrt fl tbe giswer ks ;:) Te wrkte ;: glter tbe equgcs skdi)
Ifw auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces)
8 Ô 5 1 7>
Trkte 7> glter tbe ;: tf det gi giswer fl ;#:7>)
Egsy) Tktb g jfupce fl akiutes‛ prgjtkje yfu sbfucm he ghce tf mf tbese ki yfur begm) Cet‛s try fie ifw)
;< Ô ;< 1
Ki yfur begm# mrgw jkrjces hecfw tbe iuahers)
Tbgt dfes ki tbese kagdkigry jkrjces6 Bfw agiy tf agoe 7>>6 Lfur gim =) ^kjture tbe equgtkfi kiskme yfur begm) Aeitgccy wrkte = gim = ki tbe jkrjces)
Ifw tgoe gwgy jrfsswgys) Ektber wgy yfu gre tgokid = lrfa ;<) ]be resuct ks ;8) [fu wfucm sgy# –Ikie tbfusgim# twf buimrem )))‑ ]bks ks tbe lkrst pgrt fl tbe giswer)
Ifw auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces0 = tkaes = equgcs 7<) Ifw yfu jgi jfapcete tbe giswer0 ;#87<) [fu wfucm sgy# –Ikie tbfusgim# twf buimrem ))) gim skxteei)‑
]bks wkcc hejfae very egsy wktb prgjtkje)
]ry kt fut fi yfur lrkeims) Fller tf rgje tbea gim cet tbea use g jgcjucgtfr) Evei kl yfu grei‛t lgst eifudb tf hegt tbea# yfu wkcc stkcc egri g reputgtkfi lfr hekid g hrgki)
Nadt`kg tba fdofuodtlr
]f hegt yfur lrkeims wbei tbey gre uskid g jgcjucgtfr# yfu ficy bgve tf stgrt jgcckid tbe giswer helfre tbey lkiksb pusbkid tbe huttfis) Lfr kistgije# kl yfu were jgcjucgtkid ;< tkaes ;<# yfu wfucm gso yfursecl bfw agiy tf agoe 7>># wbkjb ks =# gim tbei tgoe = lrfa ;< tf det ;8) [fu jgi tbei stgrt sgykid# –Ikie tbfusgim# twf buimrem )))‑ Tbkce yfu gre sgykid tbe lkrst pgrt fl tbe giswer yfu jgi auctkpcy = tkaes = ki yfur begm# sf yfu jgi jfitkiue wktbfut g pguse# –))) gim skxteei)‑
[fu bgve summeicy hejfae g agtb deikus'
Zast ylursaoi
Bere gre sfae afre prfhceas lfr yfu tf mf hy yfursecl)
g) ;< Ô ;< 1
h) ;4 Ô ;5 1
j) ;5 Ô ;5 1
m) ;2 Ô ;5 1
e) ;2 Ô ;= 1
l) ;4 Ô ;= 1
d) ;2 Ô ;8 1
b) ;4 Ô ;: 1
]be giswers gre0
g) ;#87<
h) ;#875
j) ;#>85
m) ;#:7>
e) ;#878
l) ;#772
d) ;#>7<
b) ;#>87
Mkm yfu det tbea gcc rkdbt6 Kl yfu agme g akstgoe# df hgjo gim lkim wbere yfu weit wrfid gim try gdgki) Hejguse tbe aetbfm ks sf mkllereit# kt ks ift uijfaafi tf agoe akstgoes gt lkrst)
Gre yfu kapressem6
Ifw# mf tbe cgst exerjkse gdgki# hut tbks tkae# mf gcc fl tbe jgcjucgtkfis ki yfur begm) [fu wkcc lkim kt aujb egsker tbgi yfu kagdkie) [fu ieem tf mf gt cegst tbree fr lfur jgcjucgtkfis ki yfur begm helfre kt regccy hejfaes egsy) Zf# try kt g lew tkaes helfre yfu dkve up gim sgy kt ks tff mkllkjuct)
K sbfwem tbks aetbfm tf g hfy ki lkrst drgme gim be weit bfae gim sbfwem bks mgm wbgt be jfucm mf) Be auctkpckem ;< tkaes ;2 ki bks begm) Bks mgm bgm tf det bks jgcjucgtfr fut tf jbejo kl be wgs rkdbt'
Oeep regmkid# gim ki tbe iext jbgpters yfu wkcc cegri bfw tf use tbe speem agtb aetbfm tf auctkpcy giy iuahers)
Fbdptar >
QV@KG D ^AIA^AKFA KQENA^
Ki tbks jbgpter we gre dfkid tf cffo gt g sagcc jbgide tf tbe aetbfm tbgt wkcc agoe kt egsy tf auctkpcy giy iuahers)
^AIA^AKFA KQENA^V
Cet‛s df hgjo tf 4 tkaes 20
]be 7> gt tbe celt fl tbe prfhcea ks fur rdbdrdmed muafdr) Kt ks tbe iuaher we suhtrgjt tbe iuahers we gre auctkpcykid lrfa)
]be relereije iuaher ks wrkttei tf tbe celt fl tbe prfhcea) Te tbei gso fursecves# ks tbe iuaher we gre auctkpcykid ofhvd fr fdihw tbe relereije iuaher6 Ki tbks jgse# hftb iuahers gre hecfw# sf we put tbe jkrjces hecfw tbe iuahers) Bfw agiy hecfw 7> gre tbey6 ]bree gim 8) Te wrkte : gim 8 ki tbe jkrjces) Zevei ks 7> akius :# sf we put g akius skdi ki lrfit fl tbe :) Ekdbt ks 7> akius 8# sf we put g akius skdi ki lrfit fl tbe 8)
Te ifw tgoe gwgy jrfsswgys0 4 akius 8 fr 2 akius : ks 5) Te wrkte 5 glter tbe equgcs skdi)
Ifw# bere ks tbe pgrt tbgt ks mkllereit) Te auctkpcy tbe 5 hy tbe relereije iuaher# 7>) Lkve tkaes 7> ks 5># sf wrkte g > glter tbe 5) "Bfw mf we auctkpcy hy 7>6 Zkapcy put g > gt tbe eim fl tbe iuaher)+ Lklty ks fur suhtftgc) Bere ks bfw fur jgcjucgtkfi cffos ifw0
Ifw auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces) ]bree tkaes 8 ks <) Gmm tbks tf tbe suhtftgc fl 5> lfr tbe lkigc giswer fl 5<)
]be lucc jgcjucgtkfi cffos ckoe tbks0
Wby usa d raiarakfa kuenar<
Tby ift use tbe aetbfm we usem ki Jbgpter 76 Tgsi‛t tbgt egsker6 ]bgt aetbfm usem 7> gim 7>> gs relereije iuahers gs wecc”we `ust mkmi‛t wrkte tbea mfwi)
Uskid g relereije iuaher gccfws us tf jgcjucgte prfhceas sujb gs < Ô 4# < Ô <# = Ô 4 gim = Ô 2)
Cet‛s see wbgt bgppeis wbei we try < Ô 4 uskid tbe aetbfm lrfa Jbgpter 7)
Te mrgw tbe jkrjces hecfw tbe iuahers gim suhtrgjt tbe iuahers we gre auctkpcykid lrfa 7>) Te wrkte = gim : ki tbe jkrjces) Fur prfhcea cffos ckoe tbks0
Ifw we suhtrgjt jrfsswgys0 : lrfa < fr = lrfa 4 ks :) Te wrkte : glter tbe equgcs skdi)
Lfur tkaes : ks 78# sf we wrkte 78 glter tbe : lfr gi giswer fl :78)
Ks tbks tbe jfrrejt giswer6 If# fhvkfuscy kt ksi‛t)
Cet‛s mf tbe jgcjucgtkfi gdgki# tbks tkae uskid tbe relereije iuaher)
]bgt‛s afre ckoe kt)
[fu sbfucm set fut tbe jgcjucgtkfis gs sbfwi ghfve uitkc tbe aetbfm ks lgakckgr tf yfu) ]bei yfu jgi skapcy use tbe relereije iuaher ki yfur begm)
Zast ylursaoi
]ry tbese prfhceas uskid g relereije iuaher fl 7>0
g) < Ô 4 1
h) 4 Ô 5 1
j) 2 Ô 5 1
m) 2 Ô = 1
e) : Ô 2 1
l) < Ô 5
]be giswers gre0
g) =8
h) :5
j) =>
m) :8
e) 8=
l) :>
Qs`kg 433 ds d raiarakfa kuenar
Tbgt wgs fur relereije iuaher lfr ;< Ô ;4 ki Jbgpter K6 Fie buimrem# hejguse we gsoem bfw agiy afre mf we ieem tf agoe 7>>)
]be prfhcea wfroem fut ki lucc wfucm cffo ckoe tbks0
]be tejbikque K expcgkiem lfr mfkid tbe jgcjucgtkfis ki yfur begm gjtugccy agoes yfu use tbks aetbfm) Cet‛s auctkpcy ;2 hy ;2 gim yfu wkcc see wbgt K aegi)
Kl yfu tgoe ;2 gim ;2 lrfa 7>> yfu det giswers fl 8 gim 8) ]bei tgoe 8 lrfa ;2# wbkjb dkves gi giswer fl ;<) Kl yfu were sgykid tbe giswer gcfum# yfu wfucm ift sgy# –Ikiety!skx#‑ yfu wfucm sgy# –Ikie tbfusgim# skx buimrem gim )))‑ Ikie tbfusgim# skx buimrem ks tbe giswer yfu det wbei yfu auctkpcy ;< hy tbe relereije iuaher# 7>>)
Ifw auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces0 8 tkaes 8 ks =) [fu jgi ifw sgy tbe lucc giswer0 –Ikie tbfusgim# skx buimrem gim lfur)‑ Tktbfut uskid tbe relereije iuaher we akdbt bgve `ust wrkttei tbe = glter ;<)
Bere ks bfw tbe jgcjucgtkfi cffos wrkttei ki lucc0
Zast ylursaoi
Mf tbese prfhceas ki yfur begm0
g) ;< Ô ;< 1
h) ;4 Ô ;4 1
j) ;; Ô ;; 1
m) ;5 Ô ;5 1
e) ;2 Ô ;4 1
[fur giswers sbfucm he0
g) ;#87<
h) ;#=>;
j) ;#2>7
m) ;#>85
e) ;#5><
JLQNOA EQOZ@SO@FDZ@LK
Tbgt bgppeis kl yfu mfi‛t oifw yfur tghces very wecc6 Bfw wfucm yfu auctkpcy ;8 tkaes ;=6 Gs we bgve seei# yfu wfucm mrgw tbe jkrjces hecfw tbe iuahers gim wrkte 2 gim < ki tbe jkrjces) Hut kl yfu mfi‛t oifw tbe giswer tf 2 tkaes < yfu stkcc bgve g prfhcea)
[fu jgi det grfuim tbks hy jfahkikid tbe aetbfms) Cet‛s try kt)
Te wrkte tbe prfhcea gim mrgw tbe jkrjces0
Te wrkte 2 gim < ki tbe jkrjces)
Te suhtrgjt "tgoe gwgy+ jrfsswgys0 ektber ;8 akius < fr ;= akius 2)
K wfucm jbffse ;= akius 2 hejguse kt ks egsy tf suhtrgjt 2) ]be egsy wgy tf tgoe 2 lrfa g iuaher ks tf tgoe 7> gim tbei gmm 8) Ikiety!lfur akius 7> ks 2=# pcus 8 ks 2<) Te wrkte 2< glter tbe equgcs skdi)
Ifw auctkpcy 2< hy tbe relereije iuaher# 7>># tf det 2#<>>) ]bei we aust auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces0 2 tkaes <)
Kl we mfi‛t oifw tbe giswer# we jgi mrgw twf afre jkrjces hecfw 2 gim < gim agoe giftber jgcjucgtkfi) Te suhtrgjt tbe 2 gim < lrfa 7># dkvkid us 8 gim =) Te wrkte 8 ki tbe jkrjce hecfw tbe 2# gim = ki tbe jkrjce hecfw tbe <)
]be jgcjucgtkfi ifw cffos ckoe tbks0
Te ifw ieem tf jgcjucgte 2 tkaes <# uskid fur usugc aetbfm fl suhtrgjtkid mkgdfigccy) ]wf lrfa < ks =# wbkjb hejfaes tbe lkrst mkdkt fl tbks pgrt fl fur giswer)
Te tbei auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces) ]bks ks 8 tkaes =# wbkjb ks 2# tbe lkigc mkdkt) ]bks dkves us =2)
Kt ks egsy tf gmm 2#<>> gim =2)
2#<>> / =2 1 2#<=2
Bere ks tbe jgcjucgtkfi ki lucc)
[fu jgi gcsf use tbe iuahers ki tbe hfttfa jkrjces tf becp yfur suhtrgjtkfi) ]be egsy wgy tf tgoe 2 lrfa ;= ks tf tgoe 7> lrfa ;=# wbkjb ks 2=# gim gmm tbe 8 ki tbe jkrjce tf det 2<) Fr yfu jfucm tgoe < lrfa ;8) ]f mf tbks# tgoe 7> lrfa ;8# wbkjb ks 28# gim gmm tbe = ki tbe jkrjce tf det 2<)
Tktb g ckttce prgjtkje# yfu jgi mf tbese jgcjucgtkfis eitkrecy ki yfur begm)
Klta tl pdrakts dkj tadfbars
^efpce fltei gso ae# –Mfi‛t yfu heckeve ki tegjbkid auctkpckjgtkfi tghces tf jbkcmrei6‑
Ay giswer ks# –[es# jertgkicy K mf) ]bks aetbfm ks tbe egskest wgy tf tegjb tbe tghces) Kt ks tbe lgstest wgy# tbe afst pgkicess wgy gim tbe afst pcegsgit wgy tf cegri tghces)‑
Gim wbkce tbey gre cegrikid tbekr tghces# tbey gre gcsf cegrikid hgskj iuaher lgjts# prgjtkjkid gmmktkfi gim suhtrgjtkfi# aeafrkzkid jfahkigtkfis fl iuahers tbgt gmm tf 7># wfrokid wktb pfsktkve gim iedgtkve iuahers# gim cegrikid g wbfce gpprfgjb tf hgskj agtbeagtkjs)
Fbdptar 6
KQENA^V DNLYA ZBA ^AIA^AKFA KQENA^
Tbgt kl yfu wgit tf auctkpcy iuahers ghfve tbe relereije iuaher? ghfve 7> fr 7>>6 Mfes tbe aetbfm stkcc wfro6 Cet‛s lkim fut)
EQOZ@SOP@KG KQENA^V @K ZBA ZAAKV
Bere ks bfw we auctkpcy iuahers ki tbe teeis) Te wkcc use 7: Ô 75 gs gi exgapce gim use 7> gs fur relereije iuaher)
Hftb 7: gim 75 gre ghfve tbe relereije iuaher# 7># sf we mrgw tbe jkrjces ofhvd tbe iuahers# kistegm fl hecfw gs we bgve heei mfkid) Bfw aujb ghfve 7> gre tbey6 ]bree gim 5# sf we wrkte : gim 5 ki tbe jkrjces ghfve 7: gim 75) ]bkrteei ks 7> pcus :# sf we wrkte g pcus skdi ki lrfit fl tbe :? 75 ks 7> pcus 5# sf we wrkte g pcus skdi ki lrfit fl tbe 5)
Gs helfre# we ifw df jrfsswgys) ]bkrteei pcus 5 fr 75 pcus : ks 72) Te wrkte 72 glter tbe equgcs skdi)
Te tbei auctkpcy tbe 72 hy tbe relereije iuaher# 7># gim det 72>) "]f auctkpcy g iuaher hy 7> we gmm g > tf tbe eim fl tbe iuaher)+ Fie buimrem gim ekdbty ks fur suhtftgc# sf we wrkte 72> glter tbe equgcs skdi)
Lfr tbe cgst step# we auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces) ]bree tkaes 5 equgcs 75) Gmm 75 tf 72> gim we det fur giswer fl 7;5) ]bks ks bfw we wrkte tbe prfhcea ki lucc0
Gb tnd muafdr wd ord auitgpiygm` gs glnvj tnd rdbdrdmed
muafdr) wd put tnd egreid glnvj- Gb tnd muafdr gs ljmnw
tnd rdbdrdmed muafdr) wd put tnd egreid ljmnw-
Gb tnd egreidc muafdr gs glnvj) wd ghh cgo`hmoiiy-
Gb tnd egreidc muafdr gs ljmnw) wd sultrg`t cgo`hmoiiy-
Snd muafdrs gm tnd egreids glnvj ord pmus muafdrs omc
tnd muafdrs gm tnd egreids ljmnw ord eocus muafdrs-
Cet‛s try giftber fie) Bfw ghfut 78 Ô 746
]be iuahers gre ghfve 7># sf we mrgw tbe jkrjces ghfve) Bfw aujb ghfve 7>6 ]wf gim 4# sf we wrkte 8 gim 4 ki tbe jkrjces)
Tbgt mf we mf ifw6 Hejguse tbe jkrjces gre ghfve# tbe iuahers gre pcus iuahers# sf we gmm jrfsswgys) Te jgi ektber mf 78 pcus 4 fr 74 pcus 8) Cet‛s mf 74 pcus 8)
74/817;
Te ifw auctkpcy 7; hy 7> "fur relereije iuaher+ tf det 7;> "we `ust put g > glter tbe 7;+) Fur wfro ifw cffos ckoe tbks0
Ifw we auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces)
8 Ô 4 1 7=
Gmm 7= tf 7;> gim we bgve fur giswer) Lfurteei ks 7> pcus =) Te jgi gmm tbe 7> lkrst "7;> / 7> 1 8>>+# tbei tbe =# tf det 8>=)
Bere ks tbe lkiksbem prfhcea0
Zast ylursaoi
Ifw try tbese prfhceas hy yfursecl)
g) 78 Ô 75 1
h) 7: Ô 7= 1
j) 78 Ô 78 1
m) 7: Ô 7: 1
e) 78 Ô 7= 1
l) 78 Ô 7< 1
d) 7= Ô 7=1
b) 75 Ô 75 1
k) 78 Ô 72 1
`) 7< Ô 7= 1
]be giswers gre0
g) 72>
h) 728
j) 7==
m) 7<;
e) 7<2
l) 7;8
d) 7;<
b) 885
k) 87<
`) 88=
Kl giy fl yfur giswers were wrfid# regm tbrfudb tbks sejtkfi gdgki# lkim yfur akstgoe# tbei try gdgki)
Bfw wfucm yfu sfcve 7: Ô 876 Cet‛s try kt0
Te stkcc use g relereije iuaher fl 7>) Hftb iuahers gre ghfve 7># sf we put tbe jkrjces ghfve) ]bkrteei ks : ghfve 7># 87 ks 77 ghfve# sf we wrkte : gim 77 ki tbe jkrjces)
]weity!fie pcus : ks 8=# tkaes 7> ks 8=>) ]bree tkaes 77 ks ::# gmmem tf 8=> agoes 84:) ]bks ks bfw tbe jfapcetem prfhcea cffos0
EQOZ@SOP@KG KQENA^V DNLYA 433
Te jgi use fur speem agtb aetbfm tf auctkpcy iuahers ghfve 7>> gs wecc) Cet‛s try 77: tkaes 7>8)
Te use 7>> gs fur relereije iuaher)
Gmm jrfsswgys0
77: / 8 1 775
Auctkpcy hy tbe relereije iuaher0
775 Ô 7>> 1 77#5>>
Ifw auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces0
8 Ô 7: 1 8<
]bks ks bfw tbe jfapcetem prfhcea cffos0
VLOY@KG S^3NOAEV @K PLQ^ BADJ
Tbei yfu use tbese strgtedkes# wbgt yfu sgy kiskme yfur begm ks very kapfrtgit# gim jgi becp yfu sfcve prfhceas afre qukjocy gim egskcy)
Cet‛s try auctkpcykid 7< hy 7<)
]bks ks bfw K wfucm sfcve tbks prfhcea ki ay begm0
7< pcus < "lrfa tbe sejfim 7<+ equgcs 88# tkaes 7> equgcs 88>
< tkaes < ks :<
88> pcus :> ks 85># pcus < ks 85<
]ry kt) Zee bfw yfu mf)
Kiskme yfur begm yfu wfucm sgy0
7< pcus < ))) 88 ))) 88> ))) :< ))) 85<
Tktb prgjtkje# yfu jgi cegve fut g cft fl tbgt) [fu mfi‛t bgve tf df tbrfudb kt step hy step) [fu wfucm ficy sgy tf yfursecl0
88> ))) 85<
^rgjtkje mfkid tbks) Zgykid tbe rkdbt tbkid ki yfur begm gs yfu mf tbe jgcjucgtkfi jgi hetter tbgi bgcve tbe tkae kt tgoes)
Bfw wfucm yfu jgcjucgte 4 Ô 2 ki yfur begm6 [fu wfucm –see‑ : gim 8 hecfw tbe 4 gim 2) [fu wfucm tgoe 8 lrfa tbe 4 "fr : lrfa tbe 2+ gim sgy# –Lklty#‑ auctkpcykid hy 7> ki tbe sgae step) ]bree tkaes 8 ks <) Gcc yfu wfucm sgy ks# –Lklty ))) skx)‑
Tbgt ghfut < Ô 46
[fu wfucm –see‑ = gim : hecfw tbe < gim 4) Zkx akius : ks :? yfu sgy# –]bkrty)‑ Lfur tkaes : ks 78# pcus :> ks =8) [fu wfucm `ust sgy# –]bkrty ))) lfrty!twf)‑
Kt‛s ift gs bgrm gs kt sfuims# ks kt6 Gim kt wkcc hejfae egsker tbe afre yfu mf)
JLQNOA EQOZ@SO@FDZ@LK
Cet‛s auctkpcy 22 hy 2=) Te use 7>> gs fur relereije iuaher) Hftb iuahers gre hecfw 7>># sf we mrgw tbe jkrjces hecfw) Bfw agiy hecfw gre tbey6 ]wecve gim 7<) Te wrkte 78 gim 7< ki tbe jkrjces)
Ifw suhtrgjt jrfsswgys0 2= akius 78 ks 48) "Zuhtrgjt 7># tbei 8# tf suhtrgjt 78)+
Auctkpcy tbe giswer fl 48 hy tbe relereije iuaher# 7>># tf det 4#8>>)
]be jgcjucgtkfi sf lgr cffos ckoe tbks0
Te ifw auctkpcy 78 tkaes 7< tf lkiksb tbe jgcjucgtkfi)
]bks jgcjucgtkfi jgi he mfie aeitgccy)
Ifw gmm tbks giswer tf fur suhtftgc fl 4#8>>)
Kl yfu were mfkid tbe jgcjucgtkfi ki yfur begm# yfu wfucm skapcy gmm 7>> lkrst# tbei ;8# ckoe tbks0 4#8>> pcus 7>> ks 4#:>># pcus ;8 ks 4#:;8) Zkapce)
[fu sbfucm egskcy mf tbks ki yfur begm wktb `ust g ckttce prgjtkje)
Zast ylursaoi
]ry tbese prfhceas0
g) 24 Ô 2< 1
h) 22 Ô 22 1
j) 22 Ô 24 1
m) 22 Ô 25 1
]be giswers gre0
g) 4#=28
h) 4#4==
j) 4#<5<
m) 4#=2>
Jfahkikid tbe aetbfms tgudbt ki tbks hffo jregtes eimcess pfsskhkcktkes) Experkaeit lfr yfursecl)
Klta tl pdrakts dkj tadfbars
]bks jbgpter kitrfmujes tbe jfijept fl pfsktkve gim iedgtkve iuahers) Te wkcc skapcy reler tf tbea gs pcus gim akius iuahers tbrfudbfut tbe hffo)
]bese aetbfms agoe pfsktkve gim iedgtkve iuahers tgidkhce) Jbkcmrei jgi egskcy recgte tf tbe jfijept hejguse kt ks agme vksugc)
Jgcjucgtkid iuahers ki tbe ekdbtkes uskid mfuhce auctkpckjgtkfi mevecfps jfijeitrgtkfi) K lkim afst jbkcmrei jgi mf tbe jgcjucgtkfis aujb afre egskcy tbgi afst gmucts tbkio tbey sbfucm he ghce tf)
Okms cfve sbfwkid fll) Dkve tbea tbe fppfrtuikty)
Fbdptar :
EQOZ@SOP@KG DNLYA ) NAOLW ZBA ^AIA^AKFA KQENA^
Uitkc ifw# we bgve auctkpckem iuahers tbgt were hftb hecfw tbe relereije iuaher fr hftb ghfve tbe relereije iuaher) Bfw mf we auctkpcy iuahers wbei fie iuaher ks ghfve tbe relereije iuaher gim tbe ftber ks hecfw tbe relereije iuaher6
KQENA^V DNLYA DKJ NAOLW
Te wkcc see bfw tbks wfros hy auctkpcykid ;4 Ô 785) Te wkcc use 7>> gs fur relereije iuaher0
Ikiety!sevei ks hecfw tbe relereije iuaher# 7>># sf we put tbe jkrjce hecfw) Bfw aujb hecfw6 ]bree# sf we wrkte : ki tbe jkrjce) Fie buimrem gim tweity!lkve ks ghfve# sf we put tbe jkrjce ghfve) Bfw aujb ghfve6 ]weity!lkve# sf we wrkte 85 ki tbe jkrjce ghfve)
Fie buimrem gim tweity!lkve ks 7>> pcus 85# sf we put g pcus skdi ki lrfit fl tbe 85) Ikiety!sevei ks 7>> akius :# sf we put g akius skdi ki lrfit fl tbe :)
Te ifw jgcjucgte jrfsswgys# ektber ;4 pcus 85 fr 785 akius :) Fie buimrem gim tweity!lkve akius : ks 788) Te wrkte 788 glter tbe equgcs skdi) Te ifw auctkpcy 788 hy tbe relereije iuaher# 7>>) Fie buimrem gim tweity!twf tkaes 7>> ks 78#8>>) "]f auctkpcy giy iuaher hy 7>># we skapcy put twf zerfs glter tbe iuaher)+ ]bks ks skakcgr tf wbgt we bgve mfie ki egrcker jbgpters)
]bks ks bfw tbe prfhcea cffos sf lgr0
Ifw we auctkpcy tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces) ]bree tkaes 85 ks 45# hut tbgt ks ift regccy tbe prfhcea) Te bgve tf auctkpcy 85 hy akius :) ]be giswer ks”45)
Ifw fur prfhcea cffos ckoe tbks0
D sblrtfut ilr suntrdft`lk
Cet‛s tgoe g hrego lrfa tbks prfhcea lfr g afaeit tf bgve g cffo gt g sbfrtjut lfr tbe suhtrgjtkfis we gre mfkid)
Tbgt ks tbe egskest wgy tf suhtrgjt 456 Cet ae gso giftber questkfi) Tbgt ks tbe egskest wgy tf tgoe ; lrfa <: ki yfur begm6
<:”; 1
K ga sure yfu dft tbe rkdbt giswer# hut bfw mkm yfu det kt6 Zfae wfucm tgoe : lrfa <: tf det <># tbei tgoe giftber < tf agoe up tbe ; tbey bgve tf tgoe gwgy# gim det 5=)
Zfae wfucm tgoe gwgy 7> lrfa <: gim det 5:) ]bei tbey wfucm gmm 7 hgjo hejguse tbey tffo gwgy 7 tff agiy) ]bks wfucm gcsf dkve 5=)
Zfae wfucm mf tbe prfhcea tbe sgae wgy tbey wfucm wbei uskid peijkc gim pgper) ]bks wgy tbey bgve tf jgrry gim hfrrfw ki tbekr begms) ]bks ks prfhghcy tbe afst mkllkjuct wgy tf sfcve tbe prfhcea)
Vdadafdr) tnd dosgdst woy th shivd o prhfida gs oish tnd bostdst) wgtn tnd idost enomed hb aolgm` o agstold-
Afst pefpce lkim tbe egskest wgy tf suhtrgjt ; ks tf tgoe gwgy 7># tbei gmm 7 tf tbe giswer) ]be egskest wgy tf suhtrgjt 2 ks tf tgoe gwgy 7># tbei gmm 8 tf tbe giswer) ]be egskest wgy tf suhtrgjt 4 ks tf tgoe gwgy 7># tbei gmm : tf tbe giswer)
Tbgt ks tbe egskest wgy tf tgoe ;> lrfa g iuaher6 ]goe 7>> gim dkve hgjo 7>)
Tbgt ks tbe egskest wgy tf tgoe 2> lrfa g iuaher6 ]goe 7>> gim dkve hgjo 8>)
Tbgt ks tbe egskest wgy tf tgoe 4> lrfa g iuaher6 ]goe 7>> gim dkve hgjo :>)
Kl we df hgjo tf tbe prfhcea we were wfrokid fi# bfw mf we tgoe 45 lrfa 78#8>>6 Te jgi tgoe gwgy 7>> gim dkve hgjo 85) Ks tbks egsy6 Cet‛s try kt) ]wecve tbfusgim# twf buimrem akius 7>>6 ]wecve tbfusgim# fie buimrem) ^cus 856 ]wecve tbfusgim# fie buimrem gim tweity!lkve) Egsy)
Zf hgjo tf fur exgapce) ]bks ks bfw tbe jfapcetem prfhcea cffos0
Tktb g ckttce prgjtkje yfu sbfucm he ghce tf sfcve tbese prfhceas eitkrecy ki yfur begm) ^rgjtkje wktb tbe prfhceas hecfw)
Zast ylursaoi
]ry tbese0
g) ;2 Ô 7=5 1
h) ;2 Ô 785 1
j) ;5 Ô 78> 1
m) ;< Ô 785 1
e) ;2 Ô 7=< 1
l) ; Ô 75 1
d) 2 Ô 78 1
b) 4 Ô 78 1
Bfw mkm yfu mf6 ]be giswers gre0
g) 7=#87>
h) 78#85>
j) 77#=>>
m) 78#>>>
e) 7=#:>2
l) 7:5
d) ;<
b) 2=
Euot`poy`kg kuenars `k tba f`rfoas
]be ruce lfr auctkpcykid tbe iuahers ki tbe jkrjces ks0
Pndm lnti egreids ord ofhvd tnd muafdrs hr lnti egreids ord fdihw tnd muafdrs) wd ghh tnd omswdr- Pndm ncj egreid gs ofhvd omc ncj egreid gs fdihw) wd sultrg`t#
Agtbeagtkjgccy# we wfucm sgy0 wbei we auctkpcy twf pfsktkve "pcus+ iuahers# we det g pfsktkve "pcus+ giswer) Tbei we auctkpcy twf iedgtkve "akius+ iuahers# we det g pfsktkve "pcus+ giswer) Tbei we auctkpcy g pfsktkve "pcus+ hy g iedgtkve "akius+# we det g akius giswer)
Cet‛s try giftber prfhcea) Tfucm fur aetbfm wfro lfr auctkpcykid 2 Ô =86 Cet‛s try kt)
Te jbffse g relereije iuaher fl 7>) Ekdbt ks 8 hecfw 7> gim =8 ks :8 ghfve 7>)
Te ektber tgoe 8 lrfa =8 fr gmm :8 tf 2) ]wf lrfa =8 ks =># tkaes tbe relereije iuaher# 7># ks =>>) Akius 8 tkaes :8 ks”<=) ]f tgoe <= lrfa =>> we tgoe 7>># wbkjb equgcs :>># tbei dkve hgjo :< lfr g lkigc giswer fl ::<) "Te wkcc cffo gt gi egsy wgy tf suhtrgjt iuahers lrfa 7>> ki tbe jbgpter fi suhtrgjtkfi)+
Fur jfapcetem prfhcea cffos ckoe tbks0
Te bgvei‛t lkiksbem wktb auctkpckjgtkfi yet# hut we jgi tgoe g rest bere gim prgjtkje wbgt we bgve gcregmy cegriem) Kl sfae prfhceas mfi‛t seea tf wfro fut egskcy# mfi‛t wfrry? we stkcc bgve afre tf jfver)
Ki tbe iext jbgpter we wkcc bgve g cffo gt g skapce aetbfm lfr jbejokid giswers)
Fbdptar 1
FBAFH@KG PLQ^ DKVWA^V
Tbgt wfucm kt he ckoe kl yfu gcwgys lfuim tbe rkdbt giswer tf every agtb prfhcea6 Kagdkie sjfrkid 7>>% fi every agtb test) Bfw wfucm yfu ckoe tf det g reputgtkfi lfr iever agokid g akstgoe6 Kl yfu mf agoe g akstgoe# K jgi tegjb yfu bfw tf lkim gim jfrrejt kt helfre giyfie "kijcumkid yfur tegjber+ oifws giytbkid ghfut kt)
Tbei K wgs yfuid# K fltei agme akstgoes ki ay jgcjucgtkfis) K oiew bfw tf mf tbe prfhceas# hut K stkcc dft tbe wrfid giswer) K wfucm lfrdet tf jgrry g iuaher# fr lkim tbe rkdbt giswer hut wrkte mfwi sfaetbkid mkllereit# gim wbf oifws wbgt ftber akstgoes K wfucm agoe)
K bgm sfae skapce aetbfms lfr jbejokid giswers K bgm mevksem aysecl# hut tbey werei‛t very dffm) ]bey wfucm jfilkra agyhe tbe cgst mkdkt fl tbe giswer fr tbey wfucm sbfw ae tbgt tbe giswer K dft wgs gt cegst jcfse tf tbe regc giswer) K wksb K bgm oifwi tbei tbe aetbfm K ga dfkid tf sbfw yfu ifw) Everyfie wfucm bgve tbfudbt K wgs g deikus kl K bgm oifwi tbks)
Agtbeagtkjkgis bgve oifwi tbks aetbfm fl jbejokid giswers lfr ghfut 7#>>> yegrs# gctbfudb K bgve agme g sagcc jbgide K bgvei‛t seei giywbere ecse) Kt ks jgccem tbe mkdkt sua aetbfm) K bgve tgudbt tbks aetbfm fl jbejokid giswers ki ay ftber hffos# hut tbks tkae K ga dfkid tf tegjb kt mkllereitcy) ]bks aetbfm fl jbejokid yfur giswers wkcc wfro lfr gcafst giy jgcjucgtkfi) Hejguse K stkcc agoe akstgoes fjjgskfigccy# K gcwgys jbejo ay giswers) Bere ks tbe aetbfm K use)
VQNV@ZQZA KQENA^V
]f jbejo tbe giswer tf g jgcjucgtkfi# we use suhstktute iuahers kistegm fl tbe frkdkigc iuahers we were wfrokid wktb) G suhstktute fi g lffthgcc tega fr g hgsoethgcc tega ks sfaehfmy wbf tgoes giftber persfi‛s pcgje fi tbe tega) Kl sfaehfmy dets ki`urem# fr tkrem# tbey tgoe tbgt persfi fll gim hrkid fi g suhstktute pcgyer) G suhstktute tegjber lkccs ki wbei yfur reducgr tegjber ks uighce tf tegjb yfu) Te jgi use suhstktute iuahers ki pcgje fl tbe frkdkigc iuahers tf jbejo fur wfro) ]be suhstktute iuahers gre gcwgys cfw gim egsy tf wfro wktb)
Cet ae sbfw yfu bfw kt wfros) Cet us sgy we bgve `ust jgcjucgtem 78 Ô 7= gim jfae tf gi giswer fl 7<2) Te wgit tf jbejo tbks giswer)
78 Ô 7= 1 7<2
]be lkrst iuaher ki fur prfhcea ks 78) Te gmm kts mkdkts tfdetber tf det tbe suhstktute0
7 / 8 1 :
]bree ks fur suhstktute lfr 78) K wrkte : ki peijkc ektber ghfve fr hecfw tbe 78# wberever tbere ks rffa)
]be iext iuaher we gre wfrokid wktb ks 7=) Te gmm kts mkdkts0
7 / = 1 5
Lkve ks fur suhstktute lfr 7=)
Te ifw mf tbe sgae jgcjucgtkfi "auctkpckjgtkfi+ uskid tbe suhstktute iuahers kistegm fl tbe frkdkigc iuahers0
: Ô 5 1 75
Lklteei ks g twf!mkdkt iuaher# sf we gmm kts mkdkts tfdetber tf det fur jbejo giswer0
7 / 5 1 <
Zkx ks fur jbejo giswer)
Te gmm tbe mkdkts fl tbe frkdkigc giswer# 7<20
7 / < / 2 1 75
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Speed Math for Kids; The Fast, Fun Way To Do Basic Calculations
Learn how to easily do quick mental math calculationsSpeed Math for Kids is your guide to becoming a math genius--even if you have struggled with math in the past. Believe it or not, you have the…
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