(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 8, No. 2, 2010
AccSearch: A SpecializedSearch Engine for TrafficAnalysis
K. Renganathan
Computer Science and Engineering DepartmentSRM UniversityIndiaranganath73@gmail.com
B. Amutha
Computer Science and Engineering DepartmentSRM UniversityIndiabamutha62@gmail.com
Abstract
—
AccSearch is a specialized web search engine toprovide information about road accidents within Chennai,Indiaand assist the traffic authorities, police, NGOs,lawyers, students and statistical bureaus. The people whoare in need of road accident information for variousreasonsare very much struggling to collect the correctinformation under a single search. Special purpose searchengines are designed to work on a particular domainwhich fill the gap where an all purpose search enginelacks. As the existing search engines cannot do the trafficsearch alone well for several reasons, we have designed asearch algorithm using Markov chain, to provide thesearch information in a faster manner. The mathematicalproof of our modified Markov chain algorithm shows thatthe speed and efficiency seems to be better in comparisonwith the existing search algorithms. As Markov chaincanbe used for predictionpurposes, oursearch engineconcentrateson one particular domain which is trafficanalysis it will result in exact responses to the user queriesand will lead to a greater amount of user satisfaction.
Keywords; AccSearch; road traffic; accident;Markov chain;accident prediction;
I.I
NTRODUCTION
Road accidents are the major problem in many countries. Itis a very series problem in the highways of India. Internet isgrown very large. As it is very large and the information isscattered all around the world, search engines are the onlymedium through which the information can be accessed. Butthe relevancy of the search result is the major problem insearch engines. Though popular search engines like Googleperform well through their quality of page ranking algorithmsstill it is true that many questions remains unanswered up totheir expected relevancy. Special purpose search engines arethose search engines which attempt to answer those questionswhich are not answered or cannot be answered by an allpurpose search engines.This project is an effort to create a comprehensive specialpurpose search engine which will support with accurateresponses with maximum possible relevancy till the very lastURL result for any queries pertaining to the road accidentdetails within the Chennai city. It is aimedto provide a highdependency to the user. It covers the entire accident datawhich occurred in the four National Highways around Chennai.It will provide information about the accident occurred in theday and night around the highways. This information isusedto do the historical collection of data. Thistraffic searchengine can be later connected to the all purpose search enginesto add up the searching power and efficiency.Markov chain algorithm is used to improve the performanceand speed up. Markovchains are well known for theperformance tuning and prediction.Adding the information with the available information onthe internet is the fruit of this work. By providing some moreinformation with the already available information somesectors will be highly benefited. Those include Police, NGOs,Statistical Bureaus and Universities to name a few. It willprovide a greater benefit to the society.
A. Literature Survey / Related Works
Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, “
The Anatomy of Large-Scale Hyper textualWeb Search Engine” addressed the issueof developing a large scale search engine such as google but failed to address the issue of specialized search[1]
Sunny Lam,“
The Overview of Web Search Engines,”
addressed the issueof how the search engines find information in the Web andhow they rank the pages according to the given query. It helpspeople perform Web searching easily and effectively. But itnot address the issue of not getting the required informationeven after search[2].Robert Steele, “
Techniques for Specialized Search Engines”
addresses the issue of the need for specialized searchengine.[3]Z Xiang, K. Wober, DR. Fesenmaier,“
Representation of the Online Tourism Domain in Search Engines,”
Addresses the issue of increasing the search resultsin tourism domain using techniques.But failed to provide thelack of important information related to tourism on the web[4].Z Xiang, Bing Pan, K. Wober, DR. Fesenmaier, “
DevelopingSMART-Search : A Search Engine to Support the Long Tail in
264http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 8, No. 2, 2010
Destination Marketing,”
address the issue of effectiveorganizing over the internet to support travel informationsearch. It didn’t address the issue of how to increase theavailability of travel information[5].Karl W Wober, “
Domain Specific Search Engines,”
addressesthe techniques involved in domain specific search. But doesn’taddress the issue of how to implement the domain specificsearch engine[6].YAN Hongfei, LI Jingjing, ZHU Jiaji, PENGBo,
“Tianwang Search Engine at TREC 2005: TerabyteTrack,”
address the issue of large amount of data transfer.Itdoes notaddress the issue of improving the search results[7].Jermy Ginsberg, Mathew H. Mohebbi, Rajan S. Patel,Lynnette Brammer, Mark S. Smolinski & Larry Brilliant“
Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine querydata,
” address the issue of detecting influenza using the querydata.It does not discuss about how avoid such epidemics usingthat data[8].Gang Luo, Chunqiang, Hao Yang, Xing Wei,“
MedSearch : A Specialized Search Engine for Medical Information,
” addresses the issue of how to help layman inmedicalsearch but not addresses the issue of relevancy amongthe medical information results[9].Jianhan Zhu, Jun Hong, and John G. Hughes, “
Using MarkovChains for Link Prediction in Adaptive Web Sites,
” addressesthe navigation problems in adaptive web sites. But it does notaddress link prediction from the past state to future state[10].Junghoo Cho, Hector Gracia Molina, Lawrence Page,“
Efficient Crawling through URL Ordering,
” addresses theissue of in what order the crawler should visit URLs. But notaddressed the issue of taking care of the missed URLs whichare not came in order of the crawler[11].Junghoo Cho, Hector Gracia Molina, “
The evolution of theWeb and Implications of an Incremental Crawler
,”addressesthe issue of incrementally updating the index. But notaddressed the issue of updating the indexes randomly[12]Junghoo Cho, Hector Gracia Molina, “
Parallel Crawlers,
”addressthe issue of managing the indexing of ever growingweb. It doesn’t give the complete guidelines to constructparallel crawlers[13].Sanjay Kumar Singh, Ashish Misra,“
Road Accident Analysis : A Case Study of Patna City,
”addresses the issue of Road accidents in Patna city. But notaddressed any road safety measures[14].G D Jacobs, AmyAeron Thomas, “
A Review of Global Road Accident Fatalities,
” addresses the issue of deaths and injuries duringaccidents. But not addressed how public and private sector canact to prevent these injuries[15].Ramasamy. N, “
Accident Analysis of Chennai City,”
addressed the issue of accident analysis of Chennai city. Butnot addressed how to avoid such accidents in future[16].DineshMohan, “
Social Cost of Road Traffic Crashes in India,”
addressed the issue of cost of injuries and deaths. But notaddresses how to eliminatethose unwanted cost[17].P.PramadaVALLI, “
Road Accident Models for Large Metropolitan Citiesof India,”
addressed the issue of preventing accidents by roadaccident model. But not addresses how to avoid accidents evenafter the model has been built[18].Pachaivannan Partheeban,Elangovan Arunbabu, Ranganathan Rani Hemamalini, “
Road Accident Cost Prediction Model Using Systems Dynamics Approach,”
addressed the issue of reducing the cost of accidentusing developing model using systems dynamic approach. Butnot addresses that will it really lead to accurate costprediction[19].I.N
EED FOR A
S
PECIALIZED
S
EARCH
E
NGINE
Allpurpose search engines are very broad and deemed tocover almost all domains in the world. Though this quality isan advantage it includes some inabilities too. The main factorswhich influence any search engine and create the specializedneed are found and listed as below:
Specialization
Availability of Information
Responsibility
Time elapsed
A.Specialization
Though allpurpose search engines support specialization of information in response to the user queries, but they aremainly meant for generalizationof information. Curioussearch engines use the user queries which are unanswered ornot properly answered with expected relevancy to enhancetheir system to answer well in feature. But at that point of timewhen user expects the right answer to his specialized querieshe won’t be able to get.
B.Availability of Information
All purpose search engines gather information from allaround theweb. It has tons of information to serve the users. Itwill answer the maximum of the user queries. But it won’t beable to answer all the queries. Because it doesn’t possess theinformationby its own. These search engines will struggle inanswering queries which requests in depth details within aparticular domain.
C.Responsibility
Allpurpose search engine tries through all the means torespond well for the user query and as well as update itsinformation repository well to keep it fit for this activity. But itbears no responsibility to answer the queries positively. Hence,it is not sure for the user that his queries will be answered. Itwill be a trial and error process for him. Allpurpose searchengines works with probability not with accuracy in thisaspect. Some search engine may handle some searches withmost probably high relevancy and for some other searcheswith less probability. This makes the user difficult to rely onsuch kind ofsearch engines.
D.Time elapsed
Time elapsed in searching is the major factor which affecttheinterest of the user. When the time elapsed is more, it will
265http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 8, No. 2, 2010
create a greater amount of dissatisfaction in users. It has beenfound that the users are spending hours or sometime days insearching some essential information among the web. Aftergetting dissatisfied by their prolonged search they use to trysome other means to get that information i.e., making a seriesof phone calls, trying in yellow pages, physically going to theconcerned place to get that information etc. Hence, the effortsmade to reduce this time elapsed will bring a giant leap in thedevelopment of the advanced search engines.The specialized search engine is aimed to address the abovefactorswhich are not addressed by the allpurpose searchengines. Firstly it will concentrate on one domain and will havesufficient collection of information to answer all sorts of queries in that particular domain. As it is assured to answer allthe queries within that domain the user can fully rely on it.Hence, it creates the full dependability to the user. Thespecialized search engine AccSearch will contain all neededinformation local to its domain. It will ensure the availability of all the essential information. It bears the responsibility for theinformation availability. It makes the user queries will beanswered with full relevancy. It reduces the time elapsed insearching by the user. It will answer the very first query itself with full relevancy(whereas normally it needs many queries toobtain an information in an all purpose search engine). Atmaximum level he may need to try with very few queries.Finally he can finish off his search in few minutes instead of long time hassles. It has been found that there are regular usersto search engine and they need to search for information fortheir day to day activities. We identified the target users forAccSearch.They are Police, NGOs, Statistical Bureaus,Lawyers, Students to name a few. There will be bundle of global users too. Once it attained perfection on its domain itwill be made to crawl the whole www so that it will work specialized on its domain and generalized on all-purpose searchII.M
ODIFIED
M
ARKOV
C
HAIN
A
LGORITHM FOR
A
CC
S
EARCH
A.Assumptions
Types of vehicles : VT
1
,VT
2,
VT
3,
VT
4,
VT
5,
VT
6,
VT
7
Types of accidents: F
1
, F
2
, F
3
,F
4
Time of accidents: tn
1
, tn
2
, tp
1
,tp
2
Number of accidents : N
i
Search engine : S
1
, S
0
Types of vehicles:
VT
1
–Government Bus
VT
2
–Private Bus
VT
3
–Truck/Lorry
VT
4
–Car/Jeep/Taxi/Tempo
VT
5
–Two wheelers
VT
6
–Three wheelers
VT
7
–Others [bye cycle, bullock cart etc.,]Type of accidents:
F
1
–Fatal (Death)
F
2
–Grievous Injury
F
3
–Minor Injury
F
4
–Non InjuryTime of accidents:Peak hours:tp
1
–8:30 AM to 9:30 AMtp
2
–5 PM to 6:30 PMNormal hours:tn
1
–10 AM to 5 PMtn
2
–7 PM to 8 AM (Cargo)
B.The Process Flow of Accident Analysis
Classificationof AccidentsClassificationof AccidentsClassificationof AccidentsAccident Analysis
VT
1
VT
2
VT
3
VT
4
VT
5
VT
6
VT
7
TrafficAuthorityHighways inChennaiVehicles onthe RoadSelect Typeof VehicleNumber of Accidents ina yearNumber of Accidents ina yearNumber of Accidents ina yearFour or SixwheelersTwo or ThreewheelersOtherVehicles
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AccSearch: A Specialized Search Engine for Traffic Analysis
AccSearch is a specialized web search engine to provide information about road accidents within Chennai, India and assist the traffic authorities, police, NGOs, lawyers, students and statistical bureaus. The people who are in need of road…
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