Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

LI CM N
-----------

Em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy, c trong b mn Cng ngh thc

phm, Khoa nng nghip, Trng i hc Cn Th to iu kin thun li cho
em tip thu c nhng kin thc thc t v qui trnh sn xut cng nghip trn
thc t.
Chn thnh cm n qu thy c tn tnh hng dn, t chc chu o mi
mt cho chuyn i thc tp va qua.
Chn thnh cm n ban gim c, vn phng cng ty, phng KCS, t bo
v, cn b cng nhn vin cc phn xng sn xut, v ton th cng nhn vin
cng ty Vit Nam K Ngh Sc Sn Vissan nhit tnh hng dn v to iu
kin thun li trong thi gian thc tp ti cng ty.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

LI M U
c s ng ca ban ch nhim b mn cng ngh thc phm trng
i hc Cn Th, T k thut chuyn ngnh t chc cho sinh vin lp cng
ngh thc phm K26A t thc tp chuyn ngnh ngoi trng ti cc cng ty
Thnh Ph H Ch Minh t ngy 30/08 n ngy 18/09 nm 2004. t thc tp
ny nhm gip cho sinh vin c cc kin thc thc t v cc qui trnh sn xut v
my mc thit b cc dng sn phm thc phm, vn t chc qun l v iu
khin hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. To iu kin cng c nhng kin thc
hc.
Ring ti cng ty Vissan, ban lnh o cng ty cho php v to iu kin
thun li cho sinh vin lp cng ngh thc phm 26 A. ti y sinh vin c dp
quan st tng qut hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty v theo di cc hot
ng ca tng b phn sn xut nh : khu tn tr th sng, phn xng gic m,
phn xng ch bin hng xut khu, khu tr lnh v phn xng ch bin thc
phm.
Trong thi gian c hn trong t thc tp v kin thc cn hn ch trong
phc trnh ny em trnh bi cc vn sau:
+ Gii thiu v lch s hnh thnh v pht trin nh my.
+ Gii thiu s lt v thit k nh my.
+ Gii thiu tm tt v b my qun l ca cng ty.
+ Trnh by hot ng sn xut v cc vn k thut trong sn xut
Jambon.
V cn hn ch v mt kin thc v kinh nghim thc tin, bi phc trnh
cn nhiu thiu st. Rt mong c s ng gp v ph bnh ca qu thy c cho
phc trnh c hon thin hn.

Cn th thng 9 nm 2004.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

MC LC

Trang
A. Gii thiu nh my 5
I. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin nh my 5
II. a im xy dng. 6
III. Lnh vc hat ng 6
IV. Nng lc hat ng. 6
V. Mng li kinh doanh . 7
VI.Cc loi sn phm ca cng ty 8
VII. Hnh cc loi sn phm ca cng ty v thnh phn ca n
9
B. Thit k nh my 18
I. Mt bng tng th 18
II. Mt bng phn xng ch bin thc phm
19
C. T chc nh my 20
I. T chc nhn s. 20
II. Cc phn xng trc thuc cng ty 22
III. T chc nhn s ti xng ch bin
24
D. Vn v sinh v an ton lao ng trong nh my 24
I. An ton lao ng v v sinh my 24
II. X l nc thi, ph thi, kh thi v v sinh cng nghip
25
E. Qui trnh cng ngh gic m heo 26
I . Nguyn liu 26
II. Qui trnh cng ngh gic m heo 28
III. Cc loi thit b s dng trong qui trnh 31
IV. Phn phi heo bn sau gic m
32
F. Cng ngh ch bin Jambon 34
I. Nguyn liu chnh 34
II. Nguyn liu ph 39
III. Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut Jambon Choix, standard, da bao 42
IV. Thit b sn xut Jambon 48
V. Qui trnh sn xut jambon xng khi
54
G. Nhn xt v kt lun 54
I. Nhn xt 54
II. ngh 55

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

A.GII THIU V NH MY:

I. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin nh my:

- Cng ty Vissan trc y l ni tp trung gic m (l st sinh Tn

Tin).N c khi cng xy dng ngy 20/11/1970 trn khu t trc y l m
ly rng ln gn 22 ha, l mt c o nh cch bit v yn tnh ca TP HCM.
- Vn u t xy dng ban u l 13,5 triu di s ti tr ca chnh ph
c, khnh thnh giai on mt coi nh hon thnh v a vo hot ng ngy
18/5/1974 v n nay ch xy dng phn ph tr.
- Theo quyt nh 143/TCQ ngy 16/3/1976 ca UBND TP HCM, l gic
m Tn Tin c chuyn thnh cng ty thc phm 1. L n v chuyn nghnh
thc phm ti sng , hch ton kinh t c lp. Nhim v ca cng ty l thu mua
heo, tru, b, t chc gic m v ch bin d tr, t chc mua bn v ci to
ngnh hng theo hng quc doanh ho. Trong giai on ny vic phn phi tht
heo, thc hin theo ch cung cp cho cn b cng nhn vin v lc lng v
trang.
-Nm 1979 thc hin ch chng phn cp qun l cho a phng qun
huyn, cng ty ln lt chuyn giao cc ca hng thc phm cho a phng qun
l.
-Nm 1984 -1986 cng ty pht trin mnh m v mi mt, tham gia vi
nng nghip pht trin vi n heo thnh ph, t chc ch bin v y mnh xut
khu (u thc qua Animex). Cn c vo quyt nh 135/HDBT v thng t hng
dn 15/TT ca b ni thng cng ty xp hng nht (Q195/QOB ngy
8/8/1986.
-Ngy 28/8/1987 theo tinh thn vn bn 3486/UB cng ty tip nhn v
thnh lp 12 ca hng thc phm ti cc qun (Q1,Q3,Q5,Q6, Q8,Q10,Q11,Q.G
vp, Q. Tn bnh , Q.Ph nhun ), huyn, hnh thnh mng li bn l ca a bn
thnh ph v cc tnh ln cn.
-Ngy 27/7/1989 theo quyt nh 580/QUB cng ty thc phm 1 bt u
c php kinh doanh xut nhp khu trc tip nhm pht huy kh nng lm vic
v tng thm thu nhp cho cng ty.
- Ngy 7/10/1989 cn c vo quy m qun l, sn xut doanh thu hng nm
cng ty thc phm 1 i tn thnh cng ty "Vit Nam k ngh sc sn" gi tt
l Vissan. Tn i ngoi l Vissan import Corperation
-Nm 1989-1991 cng ty chuyn i t c ch bao cp sang c ch th
trng, cng ty thay i phng hng hot ng, tip tc cng c v pht trin
th hin vai tr ch o ca ngnh hng trong nn kinh t quc dn. n nh
nguyn liu v h gi thnh sn phm cng ty hnh thnh mng li thu mua t
cc tnh min trung n ng bng sng cu long. ng thi lin kt u t, chn
nui vi cc n v khc hnh thnh phng thc chn nui theo h gia nh.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Ngoi nhng sn phm truyn thng nh heo bn, tru b, nc heo xut khu,
cng ty cn nghin cu pht trin nhiu sn phm mi.
- i vi th trng nc ngoi cng ty tng cng khu tip th, tn dng
th ca n v xut nhp khu trc tip. Cng ty tm c hp ng c gi
tr cao sang cc nc SNG.Cng ty cn xc tin xut khu sang Hng Kng,
Singapore, Malaysia. Doanh thu hng nm trong giai on ny tng 60,79%, Kim
ngch xut khu tng 229,49%.
-T nm 1992 n nay cng ty mt th trng SNG nn gp nhiu kh
khn.
-Thng 8/1994 cng ty nhp v dy chuyn sn xut tht ngui ca Php
(Jam bng, xc xch, Pat, tht xng khi. Cng c v pht trin i l bn l trn
a bn thnh ph.Tch cc tm th trng nc ngoi v lp cc vn phng i
din thc hin vic lin kt kinh doanh
- Nm 1996: lm thm hp
- Nm 1998: nhp my xc xch tit trng.
Bng vn t c v vay thm cng ty nng cp cc thit b my mc, cng vi
s i mi cng ngh, nh my ch ng o to, bi dng i ng cn b, cng
nhn vin, c trnh , nghip v tay ngh cao, c k thut, k lut lao ng tt.
Hin nay cng ty c tng s lao ng 182 ngi, lnh o gm 1 gim c, 4
ph gim c.

II. a im xy dng:

-a ch: 420 N Trang Long, phng 13 Qun Bnh Thnh TP.HCM- Vit
Nam.
- in thoi (84-8)8433907-8432366.
- Fax:(84-8) 8432372
- Email: vissan@hcm.fpt.vn
- Website: www.vissan.com.vn
-Gim c : V Vn Em
-S ti khon: 710.401.068 Ngn hng cng thng Chi nhnh 7-TP.HCM-
Vit Nam.
-V tr: nm bn b sng Si Gn, ng b ni di vi ng N Trang
Long, pha Ty v pha Nam ca cng ty gip vi sng Th Tc. Khu t ny rng
gn 22 ha. y l khu t thch hp cho nh my v:
+ Xa khu dn c, phng c c hi
+m bo v sinh mi trng, trnh c s ly truyn dch bnh
gia gia sc ca nh my v xung quanh.
+Thun li cho vic chuyn ch ng b v ng thy cc ngun
thu mua nguyn liu cng nh cung cp phn phi sn phm ni a v xut khu.

III. Lnh vc hot ng:

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

- Sn xut v kinh doanh ti th trng trong nc v xut khu cc sn

phm tht vi cng sut 30.000 tn/nm, tht ng lnh v cc sn phm ch bin,
ng hp t tht heo, tru, b, gia cm, trng gia cm v thy hi sn.
- Sn xut heo ging, heo hu b, heo thng phm, heo tht v thc n gia
sc.

IV. Nng lc sn xut:

-3 dy chuyn gic m heo cng sut 2.400 con/6h/ca sn xut.

-2 dy chuyn gic m tru b cng sut 300con/6h/ca sn xut
-Pha lc xut khu cc sn phm tht ti sng ng lnh 14.000 tn/nm.
- Dy chuyn sn xut tht ch bin cao cp: xc xch,Jambon, tht xng
khi cng sut 3000 tn/nm
- 8 my sn xut xc xch tit trng cng sut 8000 tn/nm.
- Sn xut hng ch bin truyn thng: ch gi, lp xng, cc loi gi ch
8000 tn/nm
- H thng cp ng cng sut 100 tn/ ngy.
- H thng kho lnh dung lng 2000 tn sn phm.
- Khu vc tn tr th sng c kh nng d tr 10.000 con heo v 4.000 tru
b.
-X nghip chn nui vi sn lng 35.000-40.000 con heo ging/nm v
7.000 tn thc n gia sc / nm.
-Cc phng tin vn ti gm : 72 xe cc loi ri khp cc n v trc thuc
c kh nng chuyn ch mt khi lng ln gia sc, hng ho t cc tnh v nh
my:
* 34 xe ti nng ( bo qun 7,15 tn/xe)
* 31 xe ti nh ( bo qun 1,65 tn/xe)
* 7 xe lam (bo qun 0,5 tn / xe)
- V lao ng: i ng cn b cng nhn vin ca cng ty hin nay
c nng cao trnh chuyn mn, tay ngh cao: nng ng, nhy bn, thch ng
vi tnh hnh kinh t x hi nhm a hot ng sn xut kinh doanh t hiu qu
cao.

V. Mng li kinh doanh:

H thng phn phi Quy tht ti siu th

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

- 12 n v ca hng, trm kinh doanh trc thuc ti a bn cc qun ti Thnh

ph H Ch Minh v cc ch u mi qun l 300 im bn.
- 12 ca hng gii thiu sn phm v 600 i l hng ch bin ti Thnh ph H
Ch Minh v cc tnh, thnh trn c nc
- Chi nhnh VISSAN ti H Ni sn xut v kinh doanh ti th trng pha Bc.
- Chi nhnh Vissan ti Nng kinh doanh ti th trng min Trung v Cao
Nguyn.
- Vn phng i din VISSAN ti Cng Ha Lin Bang Nga.
- Lin tc 7 nm lin t danh hiu hng Vit Nam cht lng cao v c ngi
tiu dng bnh chn l hng Vit Nam c a thch trong nhiu nm lin tip do
bo i on Kt t chc.
- ng u danh hiu hng Vit Nam Cht Lng Cao trong ngnh thc phm ch
bin.
- t danh hiu Thng hiu Vng ng u trong 100 thng hiu.

VI. Cc loi sn phm ca cng ty:

Hin nay cng ty Vissan c hn 60 sn phm ch bin sn n s ch p

ng mi nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng.
Sn phm ca cng ty rt a dng:
Mt hng heo: Mt hng b:
1. Tht i. 1. Fillot b.
2. Nc tinh. 2. Thn ngoi.
3. Ba ri. 3. Nc i.
4. Nc dm 4. Nc vai.
5. Thn ni 5. Gu.
6. Thn ngoi. 6. Nm.
7. Sn non. 7. Bp.
8. Gi rt xng. 8. ui
9. Tht xay. 9. Nc xy.
10. Sn gi.
Cc mt hng trn tiu th ch yu TP.HCM do n mang tnh ti sng, kh
khn trong vn chuyn v bo qun.
Mt hng tht ngui:
Jambon. Pat. Sn phm xng khi.
1. Jambon da bao. 1. Pat gan heo. 1. Ba ri xng khi.
2. Jambon choix. 2. Pat gan b. 2. Thn ngoi heo.
3. Jambon standard. 3. Pat gan tht. 3. Jambon xng khi.
Saucisse:
1. Cerveias 6. Saucisse ti.
2. Francfort b (g) 7. Gi la.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

3. Francfort heo. 8. Hotdog

4. Chipo 9. Gi th
5. Mortadedelle
Mt hng tht ngui p ng c s a thch ca khch hng trong v ngoi
nc.
Mt hng hp.
1.B hm. 8.C sauce c. 15. Heo kho trng.
2. B cary. 9.C ng ngm du. 16. Heo 2 lt.
3. B nu u. 10. G hm . 17. Jambon hp
4. B xay. 11. Carry g. 18. Pat gan (tht).
5. B 2 lt. 12. B kho. 19. Sn nu u.
6. ui b hm u. 13. G nu u. 20. Soup heo khng gia v.
7. B sauce c. 14. Heo hm. 21. Soup heo c gia v.
hp chay:
1. B nu u chay.
2. B ragout chay.
3. G carry chay.
4. Heo hm chay.
Mt hng xc xch tit trng.
1. Xc xch tit trng heo.
2. Xc xch tit trng b.
3. Xc xch tit trng g.
Mt hng truyn thng:
1.Bp ci cun tht 5. Ch m b. 9. Kh qua dn tht
2. B m chi. 6. Gi th khun. 10. Sn gia v.
3. B vin. 7. H co. 11. Xu mi.
4. Ch gi chay. 8. Honh thnh 12. Lp xng.

VII.Hnh cc loi sn phm ca cng ty v thnh phn ca n:

i heo rt xng Thn ngoi heo Thn ni heo Tht i heo

Thn ni b Nc i b Thn ngoi b

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Ch Gi R Con Tm
Thnh phn : Nc heo,
Cua, Tm nguyn con,
Mn, Sn, Nm mo, Bt
bn tu, Ht g, Gia v.

Honh Thnh
Thnh phn : Tm, Tht,
Sn, Bt m, Gia v.

Ch Gi Chay
Thnh phn : u xanh, Mn,
Sn, Nm mo, Bn Tu, Gia
v chay.

Tht Heo Xay

Thnh phn : Tht nc, M,
Hnh, Tiu, ng, Bt
ngt.

Ch Gi
Thnh phn : Tht heo,
Ti, ng, Ca hnh,
Tiu, Khaoi lang, Bt
ngt, Bnh trng.

H Co
Thnh Phn : Tht, Bt m,
Gia v.

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Ch Gi Tm Cua
Thnh phn : Cua, Tm, Ti,
ng, C hnh, Tiu, Bt ngt,
Khoai, sn, Bnh trng.

Ch Gi R Tm Cua
Thnh phn : Nc heo, M heo,
Tm, Cua, Mn, Sn, Nm mo,
Bt, Bn tu, Ht g, Gia v.

Heo Vin
Thnh phn : Tht heo ti, Bt
nng, Ti, Bt ngt, Mui.

Gi La
Thnh phn : Nc heo, M heo,
Mui, ng, Bt ngt, Nc
mm, Bt bp, Polyphosphate.

Gi La Th
Thnh phn : nc
heo, M heo, Tht
u heo, Mui,
ng, Bt ngt,
Nc mm, Tiu,
Bt bp,
Polyphosphate.

Pa T
Thnh phn : B, Heo, M, ng,
Mui tiu, Bt ngt.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Nem Nng
Thnh phn : Tht, m heo, Ti,
ng, Mui, Tiu, Bt ngt.

Xc Xch Tm
Thnh phn : Nc heo, M heo, Tm
ti, Tinh bt bp, Mui ng, Tiu
v cc gia v khc.

Xc Xch Heo
Thnh phn : Tht m heo, Mui,
Nitrit, Nc, Protein u nnh v
sa, ng, Hng liu,
Polyphosphate (E 450), Bt ngt (E
621), Mi khi, Axt ascorbic (E 300),
Mu thc phm (E 120).

Xc Xch Ti
Thnh phn : Nc heo, M heo, Da xay,
Mui, Nitrit (E 250), Protein u nnh,
Protein sa, Polyphosphate P2O5 (E 450),
Carrageenan (E 407), ng, Bt ngt, (E
621), Hng mortadelle, Vitamin C (E 301) ,
Axt sorbic (E 201), Mu thc phm (E 120).

Xc Xch C
Thnh phn : C Surimi, M heo,
Protein u nnh, Tinh bt bp, Trng
g, Mui, ng, Tiu v cc gia v
khc.

Xc Xch Chipo
Tht Heo, M, Mui, Nitrit (E 250),
Carrageenan (E 407), Hng liu Nutri-
Chair (Php)

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Xc Xch G
Thnh phn: Nc - m g, Mui, Nitrit
(E 250), Protein u nnh, Protein
sa, Polyphosphate P2O5 (E 450),
Carrageenan (E 407), ng, Bt
ngt, (E 621), Hng mortadelle,
Vitamin C (E 301) , Axt sorbic (E
201), Mu thc phm (E 120).

Xc Xch Cervelas
Thnh phn : Nc heo, M heo, Da
xay, Mui, Nitrit (E 250), Protein u
nnh, Protein sa, Polyphosphate
P2O5 (E 450), Carrageenan (E 407),
ng, Bt ngt, (E 621), Hng
mortadelle, Vitamin C (E 301) , Axt
sorbic (E 201), Mu thc phm (E
120).

Xc Xch B
Thnh phn: Nc b, nc heo, m
heo, b,
tinh bt bp, ng, mui, tiu v cc
gia v khc.

Ch m
Wt: 250g
Thnh phn: B, M, Bn tu, Nm mo,
Hnh ty, Sn, ng, Mui tiu, Bt ngt

Lp xng
Nguyn liu: Nc heo, m, rut kh,
mui, ng, ru, mu thc phm
Cch s dng: nng, chin, hp, ch
bin ty ..
Bo qun: ni kh, mt
Thi hn s dng: 6 thng

Lp Xng
Nguyn liu: Nc heo, m, rut kh,
mui, ng, ru, mu thc phm
Cch s dng: nng, chin, hp, ch
bin ty ..
Bo qun: ni kh, mt
Thi hn s dng: 6 thng

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

C Ng St Du
Thnh phn : C ng, Du thc vt,
Mui.

B vin
Tht b
Wt: 200g

Xc Xch St C
Thnh phn: Xc xch, St c chua, Nc
hm xng heo, Mui, ng, Bt ngt,
Mu thc phm

Kh qua dn tht
Kh qua, tht heo, mui tiu.
Trng lng tnh: 250g

C St C
Thnh phn : C Sardine, St c, Du
thc vt, Mui, ng.

Ct Tim Ng V
Thnh phn : Chim ct, Mui, ng, Ht sen,
i to, d, Hoi sn, Ng v hng.

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Gi b
Nc b, m b, mui, ng, bt ngt,
nc mm, bt bp, pholyphosphate
Cch dng: Dng ngay
Bo qun lnh nhit t 0oC n 5o

Ct Tin Thuc Bc
Thnh phn : Chim ct, V thuc bc, i to.

Thn heo xng khi

Tht thn heo, mui, nitrit (E 250), ru
trng, hng tht, nutral SO5 (Php)

Nc Soup Heo
Thnh phn : Nc sp xng heo.

Ba ri xng khi
Ba ri, mui, nitrit, ru trng, hng tht,
nutral SO5 (Php)

Tht Heo Kho Trng

Thnh phn : Tht heo, Trng vt, Nc
mm, Mui.

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Li B St Tng t
Thnh phn : Li b, Tng t, St c
chua, Bt gia v.

ui B Hm u
Thnh phn : ui b, ng, Mui, Hnh ty.

Pa-t Tht Heo

Thnh phn : Tht heo, Bt, Mui, Gia v.

Pa-T Gan Heo

Thnh phn : Gan heo, Mui, Bt, Gai v.

Pt Gan
Gan heo, m heo, mui, nitrit (E 250), protein
u nnh, protein sa, polyphosphate P2O5 (E
450), carrageenan (E 407), ng, bt ngt (E
621), hng pt-foie, hnh, ti, Vitamin C (E
301), axt sorbic (E 201), bt sa, tinh bt, tiu,
trng g

Dm Bng
Thnh phn : THt heo, Mui, Bt, Gia v.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Jambon Xng Khi

Ba ri, mui, nitrit, ru trng, hng tht, nutral SO5
(Php)

G nu u
Thnh phn : Tht g, u H Lan, St g, Mui, Gia v.

Pa-T Gan G
Thnh phn : Gan g, M heo, u nnh, Sa, ng,
Thinh bt bp, Hnh , Tiu, Ti, Trng g.

Heo Hm
Thnh phn : Tht heo ti, Hnh, Ti, ng, Mui.

G Hm
Thnh phn : THt g, Hnh, Ti, ng, Mui.

B nu u
Thnh phn : Tht b, u H Lan,
St c chua, Mui, Gia v.

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B st c
Thnh Phn : Tht b, St c chua,
Mui, Bt gia v, Tiu.

B hm
Thnh phn : Tht b, ng,

Cari B
Thnh phn : Tht b, Khoai ty, C rt,
t, Bt c-ri, Mui, Hnh ty, Gia v.

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B.THIT K NH MY
I. Mt bng tng th nh my:
1. S mt bng tng th:

Nh my Vissan sau khi khnh thnh nm 1974 c din tch l 15.095,9 m 2.

T n nay ch xy dng thm mt s c s vt cht: nh xng, kho bi, nh
my nc , h thng cp thot nc v x l nc thi, nng tng din tch xy
dng ln 40.105,19 m2.
Thit k hon chnh cho c qui trnh sn xut t khu tn tr nguyn liu
n khu gic m,khu ch bin ra sn phm n tr lnh v bn ra. Ngoi ra nh
my cn c khu vui chi gm 2 sn bng chuyn v 1 sn tennis.
S mt bng nh my

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2. u nhc im
a. u im:

- Din tch rng .

- Xa khu dn c v yn tnh.
- Thun li cho vic chuyn ch bng ng b v ng thy cc ngun
nguyn liu thu mua cng nh cung cp sn phm ni a v xut khu.
- phng c c hi.
- Cao, rng khng b ngp nc.
b. Nhc im:

- X nghip cha tn dng ht din tch xy dng nh xng, cn nhiu

khu t trng.
- Trc ca nh my l con sng th tc , nc sng b nhim nghim
trng do ngi dn khng thc v nc thi ca xng nhum vi , nh my
bnh bn kia con sng.
-Cu bc qua sng th tc nh v yu hng ch vic ch hng bng xe ti
nng.

II. Mt bng phn xng ch bin thc phm:

1. S b tr dy chuyn sn xut.

Phng kim tra Phng KAP Phng hon tt

nguyn liu trc My KAP My in date, khu bo n
khi nhp Bn hp

Phng Phng t Phng tit Phng

k trng trng hng
thut liu

Phng Phng Phng massage Phng xay Phng ghp np

r ng chun b My xm My xay My ghp np t
C bn C bn tinh Bn massage My nhi r ng
tinh lc lc, k V khun ng,My nhi My ghp np
ng, My Jambon v ht bn t ng, bn t ng
xy th chn khng bn gi gi cn

Phng nu hp Phng bo Phng han

T sy, xng qun lnh thin sn phm
khi, hp My bc d My xt lt
T hp Gi ng My ht chn
Ni nu nc
- trang 20 - khng
bn
Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

2. u nhc im:
a. u im.

-Trong phn xng ch bin chia lm 3 dy chuyn vi nhiu t sn xut

d dng qun l, h tr lao ng hon thnh cng vic ca t mnh nh: t
Jambon, t nu hp, t v lon, t xc xch tit trng, t xc xch tht ngui......
- B tr sn xut thch hp m bo dy chuyn sn xut t cng on ny
sang cng on khc khng b gin on.
-Phn xng v sinh sch s, m bo v sinh thc phm.
- C din tch ln cho b tr sn xut.
b. Nhc im:

- Phng c c k do n c nng cp t mt l gic m.

- Li i cn nh hp rt bt tin trong vn chuyn nguyn liu cng nh
thnh phm
- Khng c phng ring x l nguyn liu: hnh, ti, carrot.....

C.T CHC NH MY:

I. T chc nhn s ca nh my:

1. S b tr:

- trang 21 -
Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

2. Nhim v v quyn hng

a. Gim c:

Do Gim c S Thng Nghip ngh, b nhim v bi nhim do Ch

Tch UBND TP.HCM thc hin.
Nhim v ca ng l iu hnh mi hot ng ca cng ty theo ng php
lut, ng iu l ca cng ty v cc quyt nh ca c quan ch qun cp trn.
Chu trch nhim trc php lut v c quan ch qun cp trn v hot
ng kinh doanh ca nh my.

b. Cc ph gim c:

c c qua ch qun b nhim v bi nhim. C 4 ph gim c, c

gim c phn cng nhim v theo chuyn mn hin c ca mnh
L ngi ph t cho gim c, chu trch nhim trc gim c v phn
vic c phn cng v chu trch nhim c nhn trc php lut.
Thay mt cho gim c gii quyt mi hot ng kinh doanh theo php
lut, ng iu l qun l ca doanh nghip v theo s phn cng ca gim c.

c. Cc phng ban: gm 8 phng ban.

* Phng vt t k thut:
- Sa cha vn hnh, bo tr v ln k hoch v cc thit b my mc cho
cng ty
- Sa cha cc cng trnh phc v sn xut.
- Hng dn s dng cc trang thit b cho cc n v trong nh my.
* Phng KCS:
- Kim sot, xy dng cc qui ch v v sinh an ton thc phm, kim tra
cht lng sn phm cho nh my.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

- Kim tra cht lng nguyn liu, sn phm trong qu trnh thu mua v tn
tr sn phm.
- Tham gia thc hin nghin cu sn phm mi, nh gi cht lng sn
phm v nhn hiu vi c quan nh nc c thm quyn.
- Cp phiu xc nhn cht lng nguyn liu v thnh phm trc khi nhp
kho.
- Theo di phn tch v nh gi, bo co nh k hoc t xut v cht
lng sn phm ca cng ty cho gim c v c quan qun l cht lng sn
phm cp trn.
* Phng kinh doanh
- Thc hic tt c cc hp ng kinh t k kt, m bo vic lp chng
t, trc tip phn phi vt t hng ho v trao i sn phm kinh doanh.
-Thc hin k kt hp ng kinh t, hp tc kinh t vi cc tnh v cc
thnh phn kinh t khc.
- T chc gii thiu v tiu th sn phm.
- Xy dng v xut phng n v gi c cho tng loi sn phm.
- Trc tip thc hin cc hp ng xut nhp khu thc phm, thc hin
cc th tc xut nhp khu, giao dch m phn vi thng nhn nc ngoi.
- Thng xuyn nghin cu th trng, xc nh c phm vi th trng
cho cc sn phm hin c, d on nhu cu sn phm v ra k hoch pht trin
sn phm trong tng lai.
- T chc mng li kinh doanh, m cc ca hng, siu th .
- nh gi cc phng tin v hiu qu bn hng, ra nhng bin php
thch hp v hiu qu hn.
* Phng k ton ti v:
- t di s lnh o ca gim c ng thi chu s ch o v nghip v
k ton ca k ton trng cp trn.
- T chc thc hin cng vic ghi chp, phn nh chnh xc v kp thi cc
gaio dch, nm r kim sot ton b ti sn, phn tch cc hot ng kinh t ca
cng ty.
- C trch nhip np ng v y , kp thi cc khon np ngn sch,
thanh ton ng hn cc khon vay,cc khon n.
- T chc kim tra k ton trong ni b, ph bin hng dn thi hnh kp
thi cc ch ti chnh, k ton do nh nc qui nh.
* Phng k hoch u t:
- Vch ra k vch cho cng ty trong nm theo tng thng , tng qu...
- iu sn xut, nghin cu mu m ph hp vi th hiu ngi tiu
dng, th hin a dng ho sn phm.
- u t trang thit b my mc cho cng ty.
* Phng hnh chnh s nghip:
- m bo ton b cng vic hnh chnh v qun tr ca cng ty.
- Tip nhn phn loi cc vn bn, cng vn, ph bin cc ch trng, ch
ca nh nc, tham gia hi ch trin lm, ph bin cc mt hng ca cng ty.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

- Thc hin vic mua sm vn phng phm v bo h lao ng cp pht

cho cc n v theo yu cu sn phm kinh doanh.
* Phng iu hnh sn xut:
- Cn c vo mc tiu v mc ch s dng, hot ng ca cng ty c
nhim v cho gim c t chc b my hot ng sn xut kinh doanh c hiu qu
hn.
- Nm bt k hoch iu phi hot ng ng thi ln k hoch v nguyn
liu.
*Phng t chc hnh chnh:
- Nghin cu b my hot ng xut vi gim c sp xp, iu
lao ng trong cc phng ban, x nghip sao cho hp l.
- Thc hin ng cc ch trng chnh sch v m bo ng phn phi lao
ng.
- Qun l tt vic lu tr h s cn b cng nhn vin, bo v ti sn, gi
gn an ninh v phng chng chy n.
- Nghin cu nng lc trnh xut vi gim c b tr cn b v
iu hnh cng ty cho hp l.
- T chc tt vic ph v v tip khch trong v ngoi nc.
- Bo m vic lu tr cc loi cng vn v vn th.

II. Cc phn xng trc thuc cng ty:

1. Khu tn tr th sng:

y l khu vc dng nui th sng t cc ni em v bn cho cng ty.

Th c nui kim tra sc khe trc khi em vo l gic m. Khu ny cha
ti a 7.000 con heo v 900 con tru b.

2. Phn xng gic m:

Dng gic m tru b heo vi h thng my mc hin i, m bo v

sinh khi gic m, phn xng hot ng vo bui ti. Gm cc khu:
+ Ni tip nhn gy chong.
+ Ni chc tit.
+ My co lng.
+ Th y kim tra.
+ Dy chuyn m bng ly ni tng v x i.

3. Xng ch bin:
a. Xng ch bin cao cp:

Gm cc phng : phng r ng ct lc nhit 17 - 18 oC, phng

massage v p gia v nhit 4oC, phng sn xut xc xch, gi la, tht xng
khi nhit 4oC.

- trang 24 -
Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

b. Xng ch bin truyn thng:

Gm 2 xng: mt l xng ch bin v mt thuc trm cung ng nm bn

ngoi nh my, c hai u c kt cu:
+ Phng x l nguyn liu c qu: ti y cc loi c qu mua v c ra
sch, lt v, ct lt ty thuc vo iu kin x l.
+ Phng cha nguyn liu tht: tht c d tr y ch x l em i bn.
+ Phng xy trn.
+ nh hnh sn phm: theo yu cu th nhit 2 phng phi l 15-17oC.
+ ng gi bao b.
+ nh hnh sn phm: theo yu cu nhit l 15-17 oC nhng thc t
nhit 25-27oC.
+ Phng tr ng tm c t cha khong 2 tn. sau khi tr ng tm thnh
phm c chuyn vo cng ty c cp ng.

c. Xng ch bin lp xng:

+Phng s ch tht v xy: tht c loi b cc thnh phn khng s dng

v c ra sch sau em xy.
+Phng trn nhi bn t ng v tht dy.
+ Ti xng dng l sy th cng bng than c li cch rui chng rui
u vo sn phm m bo v sinh.
III T chc nhn s ti xng ch bin:

Qun c

Ph qun c Ph qun c

Kho vt t Ban k thut Kho thnh phm

Trng dy chuyn
Trng dy chuyn Trng dy chuyn hp xx tit trng
tht ngui

T v sinh T v sinh T v sinh

T nguyn liu T nguyn liu T nguyn liu

- trang 25 -
T thnh
thanh
xy p phm
trng
xx
T
TT
xx
thnh
nu
Jambon
tht hp
phm
ngui T
T
T
T
thanh
ghp
hon
v lon
trng
np
tt T
sy my
xxtit
xx KAP
tittit
trng
trng
trng
Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

D.VN V SINH V AN TON LAO NG TRONG

NH MY:

I. An ton lao ng v v sinh nh my :

- S dng y cc trang thit b v bo h lao ng.

-Thc hin kim tra v k nhn mt cch nghim tc khi giao ca.
- Khi vn hnh my v cc thit b phng chy cha chy phi m bo
ng nguyn tc.
- C ro chn i vi cc trang thit b c vn tc truyn ng cao, cc
trang thit b phi c rle bo v.
- Cng nhn c trch nhim v qun l v bo qun thit b sn xut khu
mnh lm vic, khng t vn hnh thit b khu khc.
- Khng a gin ni chuyn khi lm vic.
- Lun chp hnh tt vic bo dng my mc nh k, khi gp s c phi
bo cho phng k thut x l kp thi.
- Khp cng ty u c ca thot him v c nhiu bnh CO2.

II. X l nc thi, ph thi, kh thi v v sinh cng nghip:

1. X l nc thi:

- Cc loi nc thi t khu tn tr th c a vo h cha th nht, nc

thi sn xut tp trung vo h cha th hai iu ha lu lng nc.

- trang 26 -
Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

- Nc thi t h th nht c bm qua sng lc lc tp cht nh thc

n cn d, lng ,phn... sau bm tip qua b lng.
- Nc thi h th hai cng c bm qua b lng, cc tp cht ni nh
du c gt v mt u ca b.
- Sau thi gian lu tr b lng, ton b nc thi c bm qua h thc
vt x l tip. Cui cng nc thi s c thi ra sng.
Hin nay do nhu cu th trng, a dng ho sn phm, tng nng sut lm cho
lng nc thi tng ln khng kp x l. Nh my v ang u t xy dng h
thng x l nc thi mi m bo v sinh cho ngun nc thi.

2. X l ph thi:

- i vi cc loi giy, thng carton, bao nilon... s c tp trung li v

sau bn i.
- Phn ca gia sc pht sinh khu tn tr th dn dp sch s v vn
chuyn bng phng tin kn, khng chy nc, ri vi dc ng em x l, ri
vi cc ng phn mi pht sinh trong ngy.
- Da tru b em bn.
- Thng xuyn thu dn rc v bao b, cc loi pht sinh trong ca sn xut
nh v carrot, khoai ty....vo bao b kn sau tp trung li x l.
- Rc sinh hot khng x l c c xe rc n ly hng ngy.
- Cc loi m khng s dng c th em bn lm thc n gia sc.

3. V sinh cng nghip:

Cng nhn, k s tham gia sn xut phi tun th cc nguyn tc sau:

+ Mc qun o bo h lao ng sch s.
+ Ra tay trc khi vo khu vc sn xut.
+ Gi sch tay v qun o bo h lao ng trong khi ch bin.
+ Khng mang thc n vo khu vc ch bin.
+ Khng ht thuc trong khu vc ch bin.
+ Khng khc nh v x mi trong khu vc ch bin v hon tt.
+ Khng lm vic nu b bnh truyn nhim.
+ Mc o qun bo h lao ng do cng ty cp.
+ Trng hp cn thit phi mang gng tay, khu trang v phi eo thit b
chng n.
+ Gng tay sau khi s dng xong phi vc vo bao rc qui nh.

4. V sinh my mc:

- Phi ra sch v st trng cc trang thit b my mc trc v sau khi s

dng.
-Cc phng php v dng c v sinh:

- trang 27 -
Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

+ C ra cht bn bng dung dch ty ra.

+ Dng vi nc p lc ty ra.
+ Lm kh my mc thit b bng hi p lc.
- V sinh bn gh dng c: tt c cc dng c lao ng nh r, gi ng, xr
y v cc dng c cn thit khc cho qu trnh ch bin u phi gi sch s, dao
lun gi sc bn mi lc.
- V sinh sn nh v tng vch trong xng ch bin: sn nh v vch
tng phi gi sch s, hng ngy sn nh phi c lm sch bng cch dng vi
nc p lc xt. Trc khi ra phi qut dn sn nh, gom nhng vn tht v rau
c h vo thng rc.

E. QUI TRNH CNG NGH GIC M HEO:

I.Nguyn liu:
Nh my tp trung khai thc nguyn liu t cc ngun sau:
1. Trm kinh doanh gia sc s 4:

- trang 28 -
Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Chuyn hp ng thu mua nguyn liu t cc vng xa, cc cng ty chn

nui ca cc tnh, thnh ph. Hp ng chn nui, trao i mua bn vi cc n v
kinh doanh gia sc, gia cm khc.

2. X nghip chn nui G Sao:

y l x nghip chn nui gia sc ca nh my, hot ng ch yu theo

hnh thc t iu tit v cung cp cho nh my, mt d kh nng cung cp cn nh
so vi nhu cu sn xut nhng x nghip cng gii quyt c phn no ngun
nguyn liu cho nh my.

3. H thng thu mua:

Nh my t chc thu mua trc tip ca ngi dn, cc thng li nh. Mc

d y l hnh thc m bo ngun nguyn liu cho nh my nhng n cng l
vn gy kh khn cho v sinh an ton thc phm nht l i vi cc mt hng
thy sn, gia cm gic m, gia sc b nhim bnh.
Heo l mt mt hng ph bin ca nh my, ngun nguyn liu rt rng, rt
nhiu ging tp trung cc tnh thnh ph, th trn bao gm:
* Ging ngoi: Yorshine,Landrack, White Large tp trung mt s khu
vc thnh ph HCM, ng Nai, Sng B, cc th trn cc tnh Nam B.
* Ging lai: c ging Thuc Nhiu, Ba Xuyn tp trung cc tnh Bn Tre,
Tr Vinh, Vnh Long, Hu Giang..
* Ging a phng: tp trung nhiu nht cc tnh C Mau, Bc Liu.
Khu vc cc tnh Min Trung vn l ging heo ngoi, nhng do b thi ha nn
hin nay cht lng rt thp.

II. Qui trnh cng ngh gic m heo:

Heo nguyn liu

Tn tr

Lm chong

Chc tit Huyt

Trng

Co lng Lng

Co s li ct u u
- trang 29 -
Thn m ln gin
XLm
M
lX
M
Kim
heo
lng
sch,
mnh
bng
dch,
tra
ngc
raphn loi Lng
Lngtrng

Cn v ghi du
Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

1. Khu tn tr th sng:

-Gia sc sau khi thu mua c a v nh my v a vo khu tn tr theo

qui nh, th a v phi tn tr 24h trc khi a gic m.
- Nhim v chnh ca khu tn tr:
+ Tip nhn th sng, kim tra (giy chng nhn dch bnh), giy
chng nhn kim dch ng vt, khm lm sng ti ch, theo di,chm sc, c
bin php cch ly v a i h tht i vi th c nhng du hiu khng khe
mnh.
+ C bin php chm sc h thp t l hao gt trong khi tn tr, t
l mt chung cht chung gim (yu cu ch tiu cht chung l 1,9%; t l cht
chung 0.5%).
+ Kim tra: i vi cc loi th ch yu l kim tra cm quan heo
khe mnh khng qu chn, n ung bnh thng bn cnh cn kim tra thn
nhit.
- Khu d tr heo: gm 2 loi
+ Loi 1: 5m*5m = 25m2, c sc cha theo qui nh l 0.7 m2/1 con,
cha c khong 36 con/. Loi ny c khong 78 . Nh vy theo qui nh c
th cha c 2808 con, nhng trong thc t c khi cha 1 50 con. Do sc
cha trn thc t l 3900 con.
+ Loi 2: 5m*4m=20m2 sc cha thc t 40 con/. Loi ny cng c
78 , nh vy n c th cha 3220 con.
Vy c hai loi c th cha khong 7200 con heo.

- trang 30 -
Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

- Khu d tr b : gm 4 loi
+ Loi 1: 15m*4m c 12 .
+ Loi 2 : 15m*6m c 12 .
+ Loi 3 : 25m*4m c 5 .
+ Loi 4 : 25m*5m c 6
Tng cc loi c th cha 900 con tru b.
- Ngoi ra khu tn tr cn c 2 l gic m th cng h tht ngay nhng
con th bnh v yu.
- Trong qu trnh tn tr phi cho th nhn n m bo v sinh sau khi
h tht v gim bt lng nc trong cc c bp v cc c quan khc. Trnh hin
tng chy nc mm nhng.

2. Tip nhn gy chong.

- Ch khng heo giy nhiu.

- Khi kp in cn phi lm nhanh chng khong 10 giy v ng v tr.
- m bo heo b m tuyt i v nu heo khng m s cn giy nhiu gy
hin tng PSE vi t l cao ( hin tng PSE l hin tng cc c bp b ti mn
v chy nc).
-Khi chong cc hot ng tim phi b nh ch, mu vn lu thng, gip
cho vic thu nhn huyt c d dng
- Khong 20-30 con heo trong phng kp in gy ngt v lung heo cn
li trong phng ch.
- Gy chong bng kp in U=80-85 v, I= 0.2 A.

3. Chc tit:

-Sau khi gy chong con vt c treo ln bng h thng rng rc chc

tit.
- Sau khi gy chong cn phi chc tit ngay , dng dao nhn rch ngay
ng mch ch c con vt mu chy ra v chm nht khng qu 1 pht k t
lc con vt b chong. Khi ly huyt con vt v tr thng ng c u im l mu
chy ra nhanh tht sch nhng phi rch mt ng 20-30cm gia hai m l
thc qun ri buc cht hay kp thc qun li trnh thc n hoc dch d dy chy
vo mng hng huyt.
- Lng huyt ly ra khong 5% trng lung, tht sch mu v m bo v
sinh.

4. Co lng:

- Sau khi ly huyt heo c y qua bn trng vi nhit 600C, thi gian
ngm khong 2- 2,5 pht, cung cp nhit bng hi. Qu trnh trng gip cho vic
co lng thc hin d dng.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

- Thi gian t lc heo vo my cao lng cho n khi ra la 30 giy, thi gian
ny cn ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: s lng con vt gic m, tc trc
quay....
- Bn trng kch tht:
+ Di =7,2 m
+ Rng = 1,4 m
+ Cao = 6 m3
- Sau khi co lng ngi ta ct u ra khi thn thun tin cho vic m.

5. M bng ly ni tng:

-Trc khi m bng heo c ra qua mt ln nc ri mi ting hnh m

bng ly ni tng ra. y lng trng c ly ra trc ri mi ti lng . Vic
m con vt ly ni tng phi tin hnh trc 30-45 pht trnh nhim vi sinh vt
ng rut thm qua, cn thn trnh t ng rut.
- Ni tng gm c:
+ Lng trng : rut non, rut gi, bao t..
+ Lng : gan, tim, phi..
- Trnh tnh trng lng b v s gy nhim cho khi tht.
-Sau khi ly ni tng ra, xc tht cn c xi qua mt ln nc sch
mu trong khoang bng v ngc.

6. X i xc tht :

- Hin ang s dng x i bng th cng, cng nhn dng dao x dc theo
xng sng, c th ly ba p dc theo ng sng lng. Trong giai on ny
i hi v m quan ca vt x v vy cn cng nhn c tay ngh cao. Sau khi x
i ra li mt ln ri a ln bn pha lc.

7. Kim tra:

- trang 32 -
Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

- n cui dy chuyn m, phng KCS s kim tra cht lng tht gic m.
ng thi cp giy chng nhn sn phm t yu cu a i ch bin. Cc sn
phm tht khng t yu cu th a i x l.
- Cht lng sn phm cn c phng KCS v KCSS cp du chng nhn
c gi tr trong v ngoi nc.
- Du chng nhn gm cc kiu:
+ Chnh phm: du chng nhn chnh phm
+ H phm: m, suy dinh dng, nghi vn bnh.
* Chng nhn h phm.
* Gc li 24h hoc 48 h 00C c bin php x l.
* Ph bin nht l trng hp m b vng sau khi gc nu:
Mu b nht th bnh thng.
Khng nht b bnh hong n.
Luc chn s dng trong ni a.
+ Ph phm: heo go nhiu, b bnh nng th xy thnh bt tht.
+ Trng hp nhim bnh nng th t.
- Hai trng hp ph phm v nhim bnh nng t xy ra.

III.Cc loi thit b s dng trong qui trnh:

C 3 dy chuyn gic m heo:

1. S lc trang thit b:

* Kp in v bin th: 220v/80v, 0,2 A.

* Thang my ln heo: Motor 40 HP_Max 400 kg, hnh trnh 4m, vn tc
8m/pht, cng ngh an Mch.
* My co lng heo: Motor 7,5 HP, nng sut 150con heo/h. Motor 3v, 50
hz, 1aRPM,380_vissan, cng ngh an Mch.
* H thng dy chuyn quay:0,85 Kw, cng ngh c.
* Bng ti lng heo:Motor 0,85 HP_ di 22,5 m, cng ngh c.
* Bng ti heo mnh: Motor 0,85 Hp, v=3,5 m/pht, cng ngh c.
* Bng ti ko heo ln rnh: Motor 1,5 Kw, di 2,8 m, cao 3,2 m,cng
ngh c.
* Thang my: Max 1500kg, motor 40 Hp, hnh trnh 4m.
2. V sinh ni gic m:
* V sinh dng c:
Dao trc khi dng c mi bn v ra sch. Tht c bo lng
mt ra sch trc v sau khi s dng. Bn pha lc, xe y, dng c cha nh:
thau, thng ra, sng nh c v sinh trc v sau khi gic m.
* V sinh cng nhn:
Cng nhn mt bo h lao ng, khng ht thuc trong khi gic m.

3. Yu cu heo khi gic m:

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Heo c gic m phi mnh khe, khng mc bnh v kim tra dch th y.
Thng th heo trc khi nhp vo khu tn tr ca cng ty c kim tra th y.
Trong qu trnh gic m cng c bc s th y kim tra trn dy chuyn.
4. Thit b co lng:
a. Cu to:

- Gm c 3 trc chnh vi kch thc ging nhau, trong c 2 trc

c cu to khc vi trc kia. Trn mi trc c gn dao co vi hnh dng v cu
to m loi dao, khc nhau v s lng v kt cu. Cc trc quay vi vn tc khc
nhau, nh c h thng truyn ng bnh rng, n khp vi bnh xch, dy xch
trn mi trc u c gn bnh rng n khp vi h thng truyn ng.
- V tr lp t 3 trc khc nhau. Hai trc ging nhau c lp t
pha di nm song song vi nhau, trc cn li nm pha trn v c th di ng ln
xung theo ng vng cung vi gc 300. Tc dng ca hai trc di l xoay cho
heo lng ra ngoi v bn phi v tr u con heo co ht lng xung quanh mnh
heo.
- Trn trc c 72 dao lm sch lng phn chn, khi trc ny nng
ln l lc heo c co xong. Ngoi ra cn c h thng nc phun vo song
song vi qu trnh co lm sch lng co xong.

b. Nguyn tc hot ng:

Ngun ng lc chnh l ng c 7,5 Hp, nng sut l 150 con heo/gi,

1430RPM,380 Vissan,50Hz cung cp ng nng truyn qua hp gim tc 1 cp,
truyn ng cho trc mt v sau bnh xch 1 dn ng qua bnh xch 4.
5. Tnh u vit v nhc im ca d6y chuyn gic m:
So vi iu kin thc t Vit Nam, th y l dy chuyn sn xut hin
i, qui m ln. S phn cng lao ng trn dy chuyn hp l ngn nga c tai
nn lao ng, m bo cht lng sn phm.
Tuy nhin d chuyn cn mt s nhc im sau:
+ Ton b dy chuyn, heo c treo ng trc u xung d gy ra
hin tng PSE do heo cn vn giy nhiu t lc gy m, qua khu chc tit n
bn trng. C ng nhiu nht hai i sau. Nu nm tnh trng ny s gim
nhng gy kh cho khu chc tit.
+ Hin nay bn trng ca nh my s dng nc nng c nh nh
vy nc ny s d sau thi gian s dng. Khi d nuc d gy nhim khun vo
trong heo qua thn, ming, tai ....v nht l ti vt ct ni chc tit.C th khc
phc nhc im ny bng cch cho tun hon nc nng nh k hay phun trc
tip vo heo.

IV. Phn phi heo bn sau khi gic m:

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

S phn phi heo bn sau khi gic m.

Lm mt
Gia cho khch
hng thu gic Pha lc ly tht
Phng mt Tr lnh ch ch i v vai
m gia cng bin xut khu

Xut bn ra th Ch bin Ch bin

trng ni a xut khu tht ngui
Sau khi gic m mnh heo c nhit kh cao 39-40 0C rt thun li cho qu
trnh chnh ha hc xy ra. Do , cn lm mt heo tht nhanh, Vissan heo bn
sau khi gic m c phn phi nh sau:
* Heo ca khch hng thu gic m th giao ngay cho khch hoc a vo
phng mt c nhit 10-150C ch gaio cho khch.
* Heo ca cng ty em gic m bn trong th trng ni a c phn
phi ngay cho mng li ca hng, i l trong thnh ph. Trong thi gian ch
phn phi heo bn cng c a vo phng mt.
* Heo bn t tiu chun xut khu s c giao cho phn xng ch bin
xut khu. Heo bn c cp ng nguyn mnh xut khu hoc a qua pha lc
ng block cp ng. Heo bn ch ch bin xut khu, c a vo phng tr
lnh c nhit -20 n -180C.
* Theo k hoch ca phn xng ch bin thc phm v phng kinhdoanh,
mt phn heo bn c phn phi cho phn xng ch bin thc phm ch bin
cc sn phm tht ngui nh: Jambon, Saucise, ba gi xng khi...bn trong th
trng ni a hoc xut khu. Heo bn c pha lc ly nc i v nc vai tr
trong phng lnh c nhit 0-100C trong vng 24 h mi bt u ch bin.
* i vi mnh heo trong qua 1trnh kim nghim, cn b th y nghi ng
c du hiu bnh l s a vo phng lnh c nhit 0-100C trong vng 24 h
theo di. Sau mi em x l ty theo mc bnh l ca mnh heo.

1. Cp ng heo bn:

- Heo sau khi gic m c nhit cao do cn lm mt trc khi cp

ng. Tuy nhin, hin nay heo sau khi gic m s a vo cp ng ngay.
- khi khch hng yu cu tr heo trong phng lnh c nhit t 0-40C
trong 24 h trc khi cp ng qu trnh chn ha hc xy ra th phn xng mi
thc hin iu ny.
- Trng hp h thng cp ng lm vic ht cng sut nhng lng heo
cn cp ng vn cn th s heo ny c a vo phng tr lnh nhit -20
n -180C ch cp ng.

2. Cp ng lc:

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

- Sau khi lm mt, heo bn c tin hnh pha lc ngay nhit phng
khong 20-25 0C. Tuy nhin mt s khch hng yu cu h nhit heo bn
xung 00C mi tin hnh pha lc, nhit phng pha lc lc ny khng ln hn
40C.
- Pha lc: lc ri tng phn xng, m, nc i, nc vai, thn ni, thn
ngoai,(nc lng), nng, ba ri...
- Ct lc: nhng phn tht no em xut khu s c ct lc theo yu cu
khch hng:
+ Nc tinh lc : 100% nc.
+ Tht nc loi 1: Nc i, nc vai, nc lng.
+ Tht nc loi 2: Ba ri, nng, bp.
- Xp khun: Sau khi ct lc, tht c xp vo cc khun 2Kg, 12Kg,
15Kg ty theo yu cu khch hng. Tht c ng trong ti PE thnh tng block
v a i cp ng h thng t cp ng. Nu tht i hay tht vai c m tht mt
trn v mt di ca khun l nc, gia khun l m nhm to cho khi tht khi
tr ng c b mt kh ro v thm m.
- Cp ng block tht: block tht c u tin cp ng trc khi heo bn
yu cu nhit tm t -300C, nhit bn trong t t -500C.
+ i vi h thng t nht th thi gian cp ng 6-8 gi.
+ i vi h thng t c th thi gian cp ng l 8-10 gi.
- Sau khi cp ng, cc block tht c cho vo bao PP a vo phng tr
lnh nhit -20 n -180C khi a vo tr lnh nhit tm block tht phi nh
hn -150C.

F. CNG NGH CH BIN JAMBON:

Jambon theo ting Php c ngha l i ca heo. Jamon l mt trong nhng
sn phm ch bin ca tht heo p. Ngh lm tht heo p ra i t thi HY Lp
c. n thi La M nc hc ngh thut p tht v l ni sn xut tht heo
p ngon nht thi . T ngh sn xut tht heo p dn dn pht trin. Ngh
thut sn xut ny tn ti v pht trin cao nht l Php thi Trung C. Cc qui
ch u tin ca ngh lm tht heo p c ng Thi Th Paris, ng
Robertd'Estouteville cng b ngy 17/11/1476. y cng l ngun gc thnh lp
ngh lm tht heo p theo cng ng ti Paris.
Ngh lm tht heo p ca nc Php pht trin mnh hn cc nuc khc
v pht trin qua cc giai an sau:
+ T nhng ngy u sn xut vi quy m nh, k thut ch bin th s,
n gin hiu qu thp dn dn ngui ta ci tin v k thut ch bin, k thut p
mui v k thut nu.
+ n nm 1964 c php dng mui nitrit, y l mt bc tin b cc
k quan trng trong k thut sn xut tht heo p.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

+ n nm 1966 c php dng poliphosphate, dng my a kim bm

dung dch mui vo c, s dng k thut nho trn rt ngn thi gian ngm
mui....
Ngy nay ngnh sn xut tht heo p pht trin vi nhng k thut ch
bin hin i c cng nghip ha, t ng ha vi cht lng cao hn ph hp
vi nhu cu s dng ngy cng cao.
Cc sn phm Jambon ca cng ty Vissan
+ Jambon Choix.
+ Jambon Standard
+ Jambon da bao
+ Jambon xng khi

I. Nguyn liu chnh:

Nguyn liu chnh sn xut Jambon ch yu l tht vai v tht i.

1. Thnh phn cu to ca tht:

a. Nc:

Nc l thnh phn ha hc nhiu nht trong tht ng vt v cng l thnh

phn quan trng nht. Nc c xem l thnh phn quan trng, l cha kha
trong ch bin thc phm.

b.Prtin:

Prtin l thnh phn chnh ca tht ng vt, c cu to t cc axit amin.

Vai tr: prtin l thnh phn khng th thiu ca tt c cc c th sng, l
nn tn ca cu trc v chc nng ca sinh vt. Prtin m nhn mt s chc
nng quan trng nh:
* Xc tc cc phn ng trong c th sng.
* Vn chuyn cc cht trong c th.
* Trc tip tham gia trong qu trnh chuyn ng nh co c bp, hay
chuyn v tr ca nhim sc th trong qu trnh phn bo.
* C chc nng khng th, tham gia qu trnh ng mu bo v c
th khi b mt mu.
* C vai tr trung gian trong cc phn ng c hiu khi b kch thch.
* L cht dinh dng quan trng cung cp axit amin cho phi pht
trin.
Gi tr dinh dng ca prtin:
* Prtin l hp phn ch yu, quyt nh ton b cc c trng ca
khu phn n. Ch trn nn tng prtin cao th tnh cht sinh hc ca cc cu t
khc mi th hin y .

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

* Nu thiu prtin trong ba n hng ngy s dn n nhiu biu

hin xu cho sc khe nh: suy dinh dng, st cn mau, tr em chm ln, gim
kh nng min dch.
* Thiu prtin s nh hng xu n hot ng bnh thng ca
nhiu c quan chc nng nh gan, tuyn ni tit v h thn kinh.
* Thiu prtin cng lm thay i thnh phn ha hc v cu to
hnh thi ca xng (lng Ca gim, lng Mg tng cao).Do mc prtin cao,
cht lng tt l cn thit cho mi c th sng.
Cht lng dinh dng ca tht ch yu l prtin m c. l lai prtin
hon thin cha 8 loi axit amin khng thay th nh: valin, leucine, izoleucine,
methionin, treonin, phenylalanin, triptophan v lysin. Chng t to ra trong qu
trnh chuyn ha ca tht.
Trong cng ngh thc phm prtin cng c vai tr rt quan trng:
* Prtin l cht c kh nng to cu trc, to hnh khi, to trng
thi cho cc thc phm.
* Prtin to ra cht lng sn phm c gi tr.
* C kh nng c nh mi cho sn phm.

c. Cht bo:

C vai tr quan trng trong ch bin tht, gip cho ming tht mn hn,
thm hn v ngon hn.
Trong khu phn n theo qui nh ca M, nng lng do lipit cung cp
khng c qu 30%.
V mt sinh hc n c vai tr sau:
* L thnh phn cu trc ca t bo.
* Cung cp nng lng cho c th.
* To s ngon ming.
* L cht gip ta tiu ha, hp th c cc vitamin ha tan trong
cht bo:A, E, D, F..

d. Mt s hp cht Nit phi prtin: nucleopeptit.

L nhng hp cht sinh ha, tn ti trong dch tiu ha, cung cp mu mi

cho tht.
Gi tr dinh dng thp.
C nhiu trong nhng con th gi, c bit nhiu trong cc m c hot
ng. Lm cho ming tht dai hn v cng hn.

2. Cu trc ca tht:

Ph thuc vo vai tr chc nng v thnh phn ho hc, ngi ta chia tht
thnh cc loi m nh sau: m c, m lin kt, m xng, m m, m mu.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Trong m c l i tng chnh trong ch bin tht v m c chin t l

cao nht v l prtin hon thin c gi tr dinh dng, kinh t cao.C th ch bin
thnh nhiu sn phm khc nhau.

a. Cu to m c:

N bao gm nhiu si c xp li thnh b. Mi si c l mt t bo c,

ng knh khong 10-100 m, cu to gm:
* Mng c : do cc prtin hnh si cu to thnh, ch yu l
collagen, elastin, keticulin. Ngoi ra cn c lipoprtin v muxin...
* C tng: gm dch c tng ( cu to t nuc v cc cht ha tan
nh mioglobin, hp cht nit phi prtin, cc mui....) v t c ( thnh phn ch
yu l cc loi prtin nh : actin, myozin, troponin,tropomyozin...).
* Li c tng.

b. M lin kt:

y l loi m c phn b rng ri c vai tr lin kt cc si t c, cc

b c li vi nhau, to cu trc cht ch cho tht. Gi tr dinh dng km.

c. M m:

c to thnh t cc t bo m lin kt vi nhau di dng li xp.

Lung m m trong cu trc tht nhiu hay t ph thuc vo ging loi, gii tnh
v iu kin nui dng.

d. M xng v m sn:

M xng: l mt trong cc loi m lin kt. Cht c bn ca m xng

gm cc cht hu c thm mui khong v cha trung bnh 20-25% nc,75-85%
cht kh,trong 30% l prtin, 45% l hp cht v c.
M sn: cu to t cc cht c bn, trong c cc thnh phn t bo, cc
si collagen v elastin.

e. M mu:
Khi ct tit mu chy ra khong 40-605, phn cn li tn ti cc mao
qun, cc c quan v da. Trong mu cha 16,4-18,5 % prtin,79-82% nc, cht
hu c phi prtin v cht khong 0,8-1%.

3. Qu trnh bin i ca tht sau gic m:

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Sau khi cht, m c ng vt xy ra nhiu bin i ty iu kin mi

trng ( v sinh, nhit ..) m sau thi gian bin i nht nh xy ra hin tng t
phn hy v sau l s h hng ca tht.
Khi cha c s tham gia ca vi sinh vt, ngi ta chia s bin i trong m
c ng vt sau gic m thnh 3 giai on:
- Giai an trc co cng: m c mm v n hi.
- Giai on co cng: m c tr nn cng chc.
- Giai on sau co cng: m c tr nn mm khng n hi.
i vi tht, ty lai sn phm lm ra m ngi ta quyt nh s dng tht
giai on no. i vi cc sn phm cn to gel th tt nht s dng tht trong giai
on trc co cng. i vi cc sn phm khng cn to gel th s dng tht giai
on sau co cng l tt nht v cu trc mi thm, v ngt ca tht cng nh kh
nng gi nc ca tht.

4. Vai tr ca tht:

Ch yu l cung cp prtin, vi nhng c im sau:

+ C gi tr dinh dng.
+ L cht to hnh, ngha l to ra b khung, hnh dng, trng thi cng vi
c, dai v n hi cho sn phm.
+ To mu sc v mi thm cho sn phm.
+ C kh nng to nh tng.
+ C kh nng c nh c cc cht mi qua tng tc Van der Walls
hoc qua lin kt ng ha tr v lin kt tnh in.

5. Bo qun lnh tht

a. Bo qun lnh tht tm thi:

i vi mt s sn phm i hi phi s dng tht ti, khng c s

dng tht ng lnh nh Jambon, gi la...., i hi cng ty phi t chc gic m
sc vt ti ch kp thi cung cp v m bo cht lng tht. Thng cung
cp cho vic sn xut ngy hm sau th tru b , heo c gic m vo 7-9 gi
m ngy hm trc. Lng tht ny s c gi lnh trong cc phng lnh nhit
0-10C nhm bo qun tm thi cho n sng hm sau.

b. Cp ng:

* Mc ch:
Bo qun tht trong khong thi gian di, bo m cho qu trnh vn
chuyn tht v iu tit lng tht ph hp vi k hoch sn xut ca nh my.
* Nhng bin i xy ra trong qu trnh cp ng:
+ Bin i vt l:

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Do nhit lm lnh ng thp hn nhit c dch t bo nn khi tht b

cng li. -150C , 87,5% nc trong t bo tht b ng bng. Ch -62 0C th
ton b nc trong t bo ca tht mi b ng bng. Trong thc t, ngi ta
khng bao gi tm cch lm ng c ton b nc trong khi tht, khng nhng
v kh khng trong ch to thit b h nhit n mc t yu cu, m cn do
khi tan gi phi mt mt thi gian di cc t bo c th ly li phn nc v
dch hot kt tinh ca t bo, khin cho tht d nhim vi sinh vt.
+ Bin i ha l:
Khi nhit t -10C th 2% nc trong tht dng , cn nhit -20C
th n 50% nc trong tht dng . Nng cht ha tan trong phn nc
cha tan tng ln do cng lm cho nhit gim nhanh hn. nhit etecti,
dung dch l bo ha, cht ha tan v cng ng rn. nhit lnh ng
thng thng 90% nc ng li lm cho nng cht ha tan trong nc cha
ng tng ln 10 ln. Trong vng c mt dung dch ny prtin b bin tnh mnh
m do tng lc ion v do pH thay i.
+ Bin i vi sinh:
Lnh ng lm thit hi cu trc t bo. Khi lm lnh chm th cc tinh th
nc s to ra trong mi trng ngoi bo. p sut thm thu khi u ca n
b hn ca mi trng ni bo nn nc s dnh chuyn t mi trng ni bo ra
mi trng ngoi bo. Lc ny lc ion trong mi trng ni bo tng ln ng k,
t bo b co nguyn sinh v prtin b bin tnh. Khi lm lnh ng nhanh s to ra
nhiu tinh th nc trong tht v do s dch chuyn nc t ni bo ra
ngoi bo l ti thiu. Khi s bin tnh prtin khng ln. Hu qu chnh ca s
bin tnh prtin l kh nng gi nc b gim v s chy dch t bo khi tan gi.
Dch chy ra thung cha vitamin, axit amin, mui khong. Gy tn tht v dinh
dng v trng lung.

c. R ng:

L qu trnh ngc li ca qua 1trnh lnh ng, tc l lm tng nhit t

nhit ban u ca sn phm lnh ng ln n nhit tan gi.
Mc ch: sn phm lnh ng cn phi r ng trc khi ch bin , y l
giai an khng th thiu trc khi lm chnh sn phm.
Nhng bin i xy ra trong qu trnh r ng:
+ Nhng bin i ny hu ht l thun nghch vi qu trnh lnh ng, tuy
nhin mt s bin i cm quan ha hc, trng thi l khng thun nghch.V d:
mi v tht lnh ng khc vi mi v tht khng lnh ng, nhng thnh phn ha
hc b bin i khng th no tr li nh ban u.
+ Trong qua 1trnh r ng nhit khi tht tng dn, tht mm d6n,
trng lng gim. S hao ht ny ty thuc vo thi gian r ng, nhit tm
ca tht, khi lung , kch thc khi tht v nhit r ng.

6. Tiu chun tht sn xut Jambon:

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Sau khi heo dc kim tra nh gi cht lng heo, heo c a vo dy

chuyn gic m v phn loi. Tht i v tht vai t yu cu s tr lm Jambon.V
Jambon l mt hng c gi tr cao do s la chn tht lm Jambon l mt khu
ht sc quan trng. Trong qu trnh sn xut tht i, vai sau khi qua pha lc s
c gi nhit 0-20C thi gian 1-2 ngy th a vo sn xut. Lc ny tht t
cht lng tt v mt cm quan, mu sc v mi v. Khi chn nguyn liu c bit
phi ch n pH, v pH nh hng ln n qu trnh sn xut Jambon.
* PH lm Jambon tt nht l 5,8-6,4 v PH ny tht c y hng v
thm ngon v tht chn ti nn sau khi gia nhit tht mm mu sc tt.
* PH 5.0-5,7 tht khng c tt v nm gn im ng in prin (5,0-
5,5). pH ny ha tan ca prtin km, s lin kt vi nc trong giai 9an
ny l km nht. S gim kh nng ny lm cho Jambon sau khi gia nhit tr nn
kh cng, mu sc km v sn phm b nc n.
* PH ln hn 6,4 th kh nng lin kt gia tht v nc ln lm cho qu
trnh bo qun kh khn, tht trong giai on ny cha t cc ch tiu cn thit.

II. Nguyn liu ph:

Cng vi nguyn liu chnh nguyn liu ph cng ng vai tr quan trng
hnh thnh nn sn phm c mi, v c trng. Hin nay trong xng ang
dng cc loi ph liu tng hp t v c, hu c. N to sn chc ca sn
phm, mi v, mu sc ca sn phm.

1. Tari P27:

L ha cht nhp t Php, l mt hn hp gm polyphotphat v nitrit.

Photphat c tc dng lm n nh cu trc, c tnh gi nc tt, lm tng kh nng
to gel ca sn phm, c tc dng dit khun v c ch vi sinh vt pht trin. Nitrit
khi cho vo trong sn phm c tnh dit khun cao ng thi lm cho tht c mu
hng do nitrit kt hp vi Myoglobin to thnh Nitrosomyoglobin mu hng.

Nitrit + Myoglobin Nitrosomyoglobin

Nitosomyoglobin l hp cht mu hng kh bn di tc dng ca nhit ,

ngoi ra nitrit cn kim hm qu trnh oxyha Fe2+ thnh Fe3+
02
2+
Mb Fe Metmyoglobin Fe3+
T0
2+
Gi cho Fe khng thay i ha tr theo phn ng.
Nitrosomyoglobin Nitro Ferrihemochrome
0
T

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Do lc gia nhit nhit cao sn phm vn gi c mu hng ngoi

ra ta c th dng mui KNO3 k hiu E 252 cng la cht bo qun tng t nh
NO2.

2. Mui NaCl:

- C tc dng lm c ch vi sinh vt pht trin khng ch s phn hy cc

cht dinh dng. S xut hin ca mui lm cho oxy t ha tan trong mi trng
nn vi sinh vt hiu kh km pht trin. Ion Cl- ca mui kt hp vi prtin ca
mui cu ni peptit lm cho cc men phn hy prtin khng c kh nng phn
hy prtin
- To v mn cho tht, tng cht lng v cu trc sn phm.
- Nng cao tnh bo qun do c tnh st trng nh.
- Lm tng kh nng kt dnh ca actin v myosin trong tht qua qu trnh
to p sut thm thu.
- L cht c nh mu gin tip.
- Lm tng ha tan ca prtin to iu kin thun li cho vic hnh
thnh nh tng bn vi cht bo, tng pH ca h nh tng, tng kh nng gi
nc t lm gim tn tht nc trong qu trnh nu.
- Khi ha tan trong nc thu nhit nn gp phn gi nhit nh tng
thp hn.
Cng ty Vissan s dng mui tinh tn thng mi l TRS 99,9% do Thi
Lan sn xut. Trc khi a vo sn xut mui c kim tra cc ch tiu sau:

Cc ch tiu Mc cht lng

1. Cm quan:
* Mu sc. Trng, trong.
* Mi v. Khng mi, dch mui 5% c v mn thun
khit, khng c v l.
* Dng bn ngoi v c ht. Kh ro, ti u, trng sch, c ht 1-15 mm.
2. Ha hc:
* Hm lng NaCl tnh >97%
theo phn trm khi lng kh.
* Hm lng cht khng <0,25%
tan trong nc.

3. ng:

ng hin nay nh my s dng l ng dextrose v ng glocose ty

theo sn phm. ng c cc tc dng sau:
+ Lm tng gia tr dinh dng, lm du v mn ca sn phm.
+ Ngn cn nitrit khng b oxyha thnh nitrat lm mt mu hng ca sn
phm.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

+ C tc dng gi nc nh lin kt hydrogen lm tng s mm do ca

sn phm khi gia nhit.
+ Tng p sut thm thu khi kt hp vi mui.
+ L c cht cho vi khun lactic hat ng, km hm s hat ng ca vi
khun gy thi.

4. Bt ngt (Natri glutamat):

Bt ngt l mui Na ca axit glutamic C5H8NO4Na. Trong cng ngh thc

phm cng nh trong cc ba n hng ngy bt ngt l cht iu v c gi tr.
Tuy nhin trong cng ngh ch bin cn phi tun theo liu lng cho
php, trc khi a vo ch bin cn kim tra cc ch tiu theo bng sau:

Cc ch tiu Mc cht lng

1. Cm quan:
* Trng thi. Bt mn trng, d tan trong nc, khng
vn cc.
* Mu sc. Trng.
* Mi v. Thm khng ln mi l, c v ngt c
trng ca bt ngt.
2. Ha hc
* Hm lng nc. <0,4%
* pH ca dung dch. 6,5-7
* Hm lng Na glutamat. >80%
* Hm lng NaCl <18%
* Hm lng st <0,05%
* Hm lng SO42- <0,002%

5. Satiagel caragenal(to bin):

Cht ny ch tan tt trong nc mui, do ta pha cht ny vo trong nc

mui ri mi cho vo thit b trn.
Tng s kt dnh cho khi tht, hp thu nc v m tt.
C tc dng tt trong qu trnh ng t prtin v qu trnh to gel.

6. Nc vy:

L dng tinh th c hnh thnh khi cho nc qua my lm ng t .

Nc vy c cho vo dung dch xm trong qu trnh xm. N gip cho vic
n nh nhit ca dung dch khi xm. Ngoi ra vy cn l dung mi ha tan
tt rt nhiu cht ph gia, to m cn thit v lm tng khi lng sn phm.

Nc s dng trong ch bin phi t yu cu theo TCVN(5501-1991):

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Tn ch tiu Mc cht lng

1. Ch tiu ha hc:
* trong >100 cm
* c <1,5 g/l
* mu <5
* Mi v xc nh bng cm quan Khng pht hin
20 C v 600C
0

* Hm lng cn khng tan <10mg/l

* Hm lng cn ha tan <500 mg/l
* PH 6-8,5
* cng ton phn < 300 mg CaCO3 / l
* Hm lng clorua < 0,1 mg/l
* Hm lng nitrit < 0,3 mg/l
* Hm lng st tng s < 0,01 mg/l
* Hm lng thy ngn Khng c c
2. Ch tiu sinh hc:
* Tng s vi khun hiu kh < 200 khun lc/ 1ml
* Tng s coliforms Khng c c
* Tng s coliforms phn Khng c c

7. Mi Jambon:

Tng t nh mi ng v hng to mi c trng cho Jambon

8. Mi khi:

* To nn mi v v c trng ca khi.
* Ci thin cht lng mu sc ca tht.
* c ch nhiu loi vi sinh vt lm hng tht.
* Chng oxyha thnh phn axit bo khng no cha trong tht.

9. Cht n nh:

Thng l polyphosphate, gi nc cho sn phm, tng s kt dnh gia

nc v tht. Gip cho qu trnh bo qun khng c s r nc t tht ra ngoi.
Kim hm s pht trin ca vi sinh vt.
Trong qu trnh nho trn Jambon, nu c b sung polyphosphate th gia
cc khi Jambon c hnh thnh mt cht bn giu prtin t c, nh m dng
v lt Jambon chc ch hn do s ng t prtin xy ra hon ton.

10. Mui nitrit:

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

L cht n nh mu v to mu cho tht khi p. Nitrit kt hp vi

myoglobine thnh nitroso hemoglobine c mu hng.
C tc dng c ch vi khun trong mi trng axit, kim hm s pht trin
v sn sinh c t ca Clostridium Botulinum.
Kim hm s oxyha lipid, cc axit amin t do gim chuyn vo dung dch
do cc qu trnh sinh ha din ra chm.

11. Tiu ti v cc gia v khc:

- Tng thm hng v cho sn phm, to cho sn phm c v hp dn.

- C kh nng khng khun.
- Tng tnh cht thm du cho sn phm.
- Lm dy mi tht nguyn liu.
III. Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut jambon choix, standard, da bao:
1. Qui trnh ch bin:

Heo mnh

Pha lc

Treo mt

Dung dch xm Xm dung dch

Massage

Bao cryovac
V khun

Lm chn
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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Lm lnh

Xt lt

ng gi ht
chn khng

Bo qun

Sn phm

Phn phi

2. Thuyt minh qui trnh:

a. Nguyn liu:

Heo mnh nhn t phn xng gic m c a v phng mt h nhit

mnh tht mt cch nhanh chng, gip cho n gi tt phm cht. Tht gi trong
phng ny 24h thc hin qu trnh chn ha hc v t yu cu k thut cho cc
giai on ch bin tip theo. Nhit ca ming tht lm Jambon khng c qu
50C (thng t 0-20C ) v nhit tm khng-80C. Sau khi thi gian v nhit
cn thit tht c mang vo phng pha lc.
Trong qu trnh ch ch bin tht c th c bo qun phng lm mt
nhit 0-50C.

b. Pha lc:

Nhim v ca pha lc l tinh lc nguyn liu nhm loi b cc phn xng,

gn, mu, m, cc ch dp v da. cui cng cn li ton l nc nguyn cht.
Ct nc thnh tng ming kch thc ng u nhau v khi ln gn bng nhau
to iu kin cho qu trnh xm c thun li.

c. Xm dung dch:

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Nhim v ca xm dung dch l p tm tht to mi v c trng v lm

cho tht mm. Cn c vo t l dung dch xm m ta sn xut cc loi Jambon khc
nhau: 30%, 40%...Thnh phn cc cht ph gia c trong 100Kg dung dch xm
cho cc loi sn phm c thng k nh sau:

STT Tn cc cht ph Jambon choix Jambon standard Jambon da bao

gia(kg) 30% (loi 1) 40% (loi 2) (loi 2)
1 Nc 50 50 50
2 Tari P27 7 6 6
3 Smoke flouver 0.2 0.15 0,15
4 Taroma ham 0.7 0,6 0,6
5 Satidgel 1 0,6 0,6
6 Lactose 2 3 3
7 Mui tinh 8.5 6,5 6,5
8 30,6 30,15 30,15
9 Tng cng 100 100 100

* Yu cu k thut qu trnh xm:

+ Thi gian xm khong 2 pht.
+ Nhit dung dch xm phi xung t 0-20C tng ng vi
nhit ca tht xm.
+ p sut bm xm phi gi 1-2 bar trnh lm tn thng n
cc cu trc tht.
+ Khi lng tht sau khi xm tng ln t 30-40% so vi trng lng
ban u ty theo tng loi Jambon.
+Phng xm dung dch lun lun c gi lnh lm cho nhit
ca dung dch v tht khng i trong qu trnh xm.
+ Khi xm xong cc ming tht khng c cht ng, lu hoc
chuyn mnh tay.
* Cch pha dung dch mui:

Nc Tari P27 Mui tinh Satiagel + Lactose mi Jambon

* Mc ch ca qu trnh xm:
- m bo cho dung dch mui thm hn v b tr u trong cc ming tht,
nh cc gia v thm vo tht vi hiu xut cao nht.
- Lm mm cc c bp bng cch ph kt cu cc si c, do vy d v
khun hn.
- Lm mu sc p hn do trong qu trnh ny c b sung mui nitrit v
polyphosphate.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

- Rt cc prtin ca tht c th tan trong dung dch mui, nhng prtin

lm nn cho cht nho trn, cht ny lm cht kt dnh cho c bp khi nu s ng
li.

d. Massage:

- Sau khi tht xm xong ta a vo dn mm, dn mn lm cho tht thm

u, lm cho sn phm t yu cu mong mun .
- Massage lm cho cu trc ca c b ph v, to thun li cho khu v
khun cng nh nu hp v c s lin kt tt gia cc cu t vi nhau hnh thnh
mt khi thng nht.
- Gip cho cc cht to mu v nitrit lan ta khp khi tht.
- Lm tan prtin trong khi tht u v to thnh cht st nh dng nh
tng l cht kt dnh v ng t tt nht trong qu trnh nu hp.
- Nhit trong qu trnh massage lun nh hn 10 0C. Nu nhit tng
cao to iu kin cho vi sinh vt pht trin, mt s phn ng ha hc xy ra.
- Massage nhit thp gip cho tht v dung dch lin kt cht ch hn.
- Massage trong iu kin chn khng lm cho mu sc n nh hn, ngn
cn qu trnh oxyha. Hn ch vi sinh vt pht trin, hiu sut ch bin cao.
- Massage thc hin trong 20h, vi tc 5 vng/ pht.

e.V khun:

Nhim v ca v khun to cho Jambon c mt dng v nht nh trc khi

em nu hp. Hnh dng mu m p hay xu l do khu ny quyt nh. Ngoi ra
ht chn khng lm cho jambon khng b oxyha, bo qun c s xm nhp ca
vi khun vo sn phm, trnh to bt kh trong sn phm.
V khun nh hnh i vi Jambon da bao c 2 loi:
+ Jambon da trng: sn xut theo n c hng.
+ Jambon da mu: l sn phm ca cng ty.
Dng da ti sau khi lc sch m, lng. i vi Jambon da mu th ta
nhum mu da heo, vt ra, ro ri mi s dng. Mu c dng y l mu
Sunet Yellow dng bt, ha tan trong nc nng.
Lt mt bao nilon PE vo khun hnh hp ch nht ri lt lp da vo, xp
v nn cht tht vo khun, sau y lp da li. Khi lng tht v khun l 5,5
Kg.
Jambonn standard : lm tng t Jambon da bao nhng lp da ch bao bc
na di khi tht.
Jambon choix: v khun nh trn nhng khng c da.

f. Qu trnh nu hp:

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Qu trnh nu hp lm bin tnh prtin, lm cho sn phm lin kt vi

nhau thnh mt th thng nht, n nh hnh dng cu trc ca sn phm. Lm
tng v mn ca sn phm, nu hp cn c tc dng thanh trng sn phm, bo
qun sn phm tt.
Qu trnh nu ty thuc vo tng loi sn phm, ta ci t chng trnh sn
trong my cho tng loi sn phm, to iu kin thun li cho ngi ng my.
Ty tng loi sn phm ta c cc ch nu khc nhau, trong khong thi gian 6-
10h, cho mi m. Qu trinh nu kt thc khi nhit tm ca sn phm t 700C
v nhit phng t 780C. nhit ny th nghim cho thy Jambon gi mu
sc tt. chn, thi gian tit trng( theo phng php Pasteur) ch lm
chn jambon ngi ta c th p dng nhiu cch nu.
+ Nu nhit khng i
+ Nu nhit tng dn.
- Nu nhit khng i p dng cho cc x nghip nh, cho kt qu
tt v k thut n gin.
- Nu nhit tng dn c 2 kiu nu, nu theo nc v nu theo
delta, c hai phng php ny u cho kt qu tt trnh c s chn khng u
bn trong sn phm. Ngoi ra cn co kiu nu gim dn nhi nhng t c
dng v sn phm ra khng c tt. Bn ngoi c kh nng chn qu. Hin nay
phn xng ang p dng phng php nu nhit tng dn theo nc.

g. Lm lnh:

Sau khi sn phm nu xong c lm lnh mc ch lm cho sn phm n

nh, kim hm s pht trin ca VSV. lm lnh sn phm ta c th tin hnh
theo hai cng thc lm lnh nhanh, lm lnh chm. Lm lnh nhanh sn phm
c h nhit mt cch t ngt, nhit sn phm gim nhanh hn ch c
s pht trin ca vi sinh vt. Theo kt qu nghin cu vi sinh vt pht trin mnh
t 500C. H nhit nhanh lm cho VSV khng pht trin kp, nhng li nh hng
n cht lng sn phm, ch lin kt khng tt, mu sc cm quan km.
ngc li lm lnh chm, qu trnh h nhit t t, u im ca phng php
ny lm cho sn phm c cu trc tt, hnh dng v sn chc n nh, nhng d
b nhim khun. Hin nay phn xng p dng phng php lm lnh chm, sn
phm Jabon sau khi nu xong c a ra khi phng nu lm lnh nhit
phng t 25-350C. Khi sn phm h n nhit cho php ta cho Jambon vo
phng tr lnh 1-2 ngy n nh cu trc, mu sc, sau em i xc lt. Qu
trnh lm lnh Jambon lun lun c trong khun hn ch mi s va p
lm nh hng n hnh dng ca cu trc v hnh dng ca cy Jambon, hn ch
mi s di chuyn khng cn thit, iu kin lm vic khng thay i hn ch
mi s pht trin ca VSV v cc phn ng khc.

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h. Xt lt:

Sau khi Jambon c bo qun 1-2 ngy th tho sn phm ra khi khun
em i xt lt hoc tr lnh c cy Jambon, Xt lt to cho Jambon c hnh dng
v mu m thch hp, p ng c nhu cu th hiu ca khch hng. Tng gi tr
sn phm v mt cm quan, xt lt lm gim khi lng sn phm, phn phi
nhanh gn. Trong qu trnh xt lt ta loi bt c cc khim khuyt ca sn phm
lm cho sn phm hon thin hn.

i. ng gi v ht chn khng:

Sn phm sau khi xt lt xong c ng gi v ht chn khng nhm mc

ch tng gi tr cm quan, kch thch s ch ca ngi tiu dng. Ko di thi
gian bo qun, hn ch VSV pht trin, vn chuyn mt cch d dng.
Thit b ca qu trnh ny hon ton tng t nh qu trnh v khun ht
chn khng.
Hin nay phn xng ng trng lng ca mt gi l 0,2 +/- 0,2 % bao b
dng ng gi l bao PE trn mi bao c ghi ngy thng sn xut, ngy ht hn s
dng, nhig bo qun, a ch c s sn xut.
Nhng im cn lu trong qu trnh ht chn khng sn phm l phi ht
ht kh nu khng sn phm b oxyha trong thi gian bo qun, thun li cho
VSV pht trin. Trong qu trnh p ta phi iu chnh nng va phi trnh hin
tng khi ghp m b chy bao.

J. Bo qun :

Jambon c bo qun trong bao PE sch, ht chnkhng v p kn hai

u, cc gi Jambon c xp vo thng carton trng sp, mi thng c 3 tm lt
gia y v trn cng, cc thng ny u km theo phiu kim tra ghi ngy sn
xut. Tn nhn vien KCS kim tra l hng , Jambon c th bo qun hn 2
thng trong phng lnh ti phn xng Vissan, phng lnh bo qun Jambon c
cc qui nh sau:
+ Nhit bo qun 0-50C.
+ m 80-85%.
Sn phm trong khi bo qun khng c xp cao qu 3 m, nu lng
Jambon nhiu cn phi xp cao hn th phi c gia c trnh ng. Sn phm phi
k cch tng ln hn 0,3 m, cch trn >0,2 m, cch gin bc hi thit b lnh >
0,3 m. Sn phm phi xp thnh l v ghi r loi, ngy bt u bo qun, khong
cch gia cc l l 0,1 m, vn chuyn Jambon phi dng xe bo n chuyn dng,
trong lc vn chuyn v bc xp phi nh nhng.

3. Cc hin tng h hng ca Jambon:

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

-Khng kt dnh , th hin qua lc xt lt

Nguyn nhn: do vng quay ca thit b massage khng ,
chuyn bin prtin khng tt.
Khc phc: iu chnh s vng quay cho thch hp.
- Khng ln mu hng ca tht m trng xm nh mu tht luc.
Nguyn nhn: qun b mui nitrit
- R nc nhiu; dung dch xm khng thm u vo bn trong tht, tht s
b kh li.
Nguyn nhn:
+ Thiu polyphosphate.
+ Nu tha polyphosphate th sn phm s b cng mt i tnh
mm do, dai.
- C nhiu l ln nh, khng ht ht chn khng.
Nguyn nhn: do ngh thut v khun v do my ht chn
khng.
- Cc loi Jambon b cc hin tng trn thng c chuyn sang lm xuc
xich.

4. Ch tiu nh gi cht lng sn phm:

Cc ch tiu ha l v vi sinh ca Jambon c qui nh trong bng sau:

Ch tiu Yu cu
- PH 5,5-6,5
- Hm lng prtin (% khi lng) 10-12
- Hm lng lipid (% khi lng) 2-4
- Hm lng NH3 <45
- chua <10
- Phn ng EBE v phn ng H2S nh tnh m tnh
- mn (%) <5

Ch tiu Gi tr
Tng s vi khun hiu kh 200.000
Vi khun E. coli m tnh
Salmonella m tnh
Vi sinh vt k kh sinh H2S <5

IV. Thit b sn xut Jambon:

1. Thit b pha lc:

+ Li ca da cm tay c in th v cng sut 380v-0,9Kw.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

+ My lng da t ng c kch thc l*d*h =520*820*475 mm, in th -

cng sut 380v-3 Hp.
+ My lng da bn t ng c in th- cng sut 380 v-3,5 Hp, kch thc
l l*d*h=450*820*475 mm.
+ Hai bng ti mi bng ti chia lm 3 ng, c in th v cng sut
380v-1,5 Kw/ 1bng ti, 3 ng trn c nhim v sau:
ng xng
ng m.
ng tht vn.
Qu trnh v thao tc thc hin nh sau:
- Heo sau khi gic m c a n phng pha lc tinh ch nguyn liu.
Li ca c nhim v x tht ra tng mng c kch thc kh ng u khi lng
mi ming tht 2-2,5 kg. Sau khi tht x xong th a n my lng da tch da ra
khi tht.
- My lng da gm mt mt, trc quay hnh tr lm bng kim loi cng,
b mt hnh tr to thnh dng rng ca. Khi tht qua my phn da tip xc vi b
mt khi tr da b trc ra khi tht v rt ra thng cha di my.
- i vi my lng da t ng qu trnh a tht vo v lc ln ming
tht p st ln khi tr u lm bng tay. S lng dy hay mng u da vo
kinh nghim ca ngi ng my.
- i vi my t ng c bng ti a tht vo qu trnh to lc p ming
tht ln khi tr l nh mt khi tr bng nha c rng ca. C th duy tr tnh tin
to mt lc p thch hp trnh rng ca xm phm su vo khi tht. S lng dy
hay mng u c iu chnh t ng. Sau khi lng xong tht c a n su
bn ng nh t hai bn bng ti. Ti y ngi cng nhn c nhim v lai b
xng theo bng ti trn cng, loi b m theo bng ti gia, loi b cc phn tht
vn theo bng ti cui cng.
- Tht sau khi tinh lc cho vo xe inod chun b ch bin tip.

2. Thit b xm dung dch:

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- C cng sut v in th 380v-8,5 Kw.

- Tc sn 7-42 bc / 1pht.
- p sut bm 1-4 bar.
- p sut dn mm 1-3 bar
Cu to my xm gm cc b phn sau:
* Bn gi tht v a tht gm: sn ng yn l cc thanh hnh hp nm dc
theo thn my vi cc khong cch u nhau. Sn di ng ln xung theo hng
tnh tin c nhiu kha rng gi v a tht ti. Vn tc ca sn di chuyn
nhanh hay chm l do yu cu ca sn phm hon ton c ci t ng.
* Bn kim xm gm hai phn: phn trc l hng dao mnh nh phn b
dy v u c tc dng kha tht cho dung dch thm u vo sn phm. Phn sau
l nhiu hng kim c xp u nhau, khong cch gia hai hng dc v ngang l
1,5 cm, chiu di ca kim l 12 cm. Phn kim m su vo tht l 7 cm.
* My xm dung dch c hai mng lc, mng lc trc bm, mng lc dung
dch tha tr v bn cha. trong bn cha cn c mt my lnh nh hot ng
chnh nhit ca dung dch.
Nguyn tc hat ng ca my xm dung dch:
Trc khi xm dung dch my c chy khng ti, bm nc sch vo
bn lm sch kim, kim tra ton b cc thng s. Sau cho dung dch vo
xm. Dung dch xm c pha trc v a vo cnh khuy lm tan ht cc
tinh th rn cn xt li v trn u dung dch trc khi bm ln kim. Tht c
chuyn n my xm nh xe inox, dng thang nng a tht ln bn cha. Sau
a vo xm nh sng y, mi bc chuyn ca sn y l 8 cm, tc ca sn
y ph thuc vo sn phm.
Qu trnh xm l s phi hp nhp nhng gia bn kim v sn y, di s
iu khin thng nht ca bnh nhng. Khi kim i xung ng thi sn y cng
i xung, to vi sn cc rnh c nh kim i xung khng chm vo sn y.
Ngoi cc yu t trn cu to pha trn ca kim ging nh mt pittng m
p lc ca kim lun lun nh hn sc bn ca kim. Do vy khi kim y xung
khng b gy d m phi vt rng nh sn, xng cn xt...Khi kim xm xong i
ln nh tc dng ca nhng ng thi sn y cng i ln v mang tht tin mt
bc 8 cm.
Chu k hot ng ca kim v sn y c iu khin t ng bng
chng trnh ci t trc. Lng dung dch bm vo tht nhiu hay t cng ty
thuc vo loi sn phm. tht sau khi i qua my xm t c lung dung
dch nh mong mun ta iu chnh tc ca sn a tht. Trong qu trnh xm
phn dung dch tha chy vo cc rnh v theo ng dn bn hng my quay tr
li bn cha ban u sau khi qua mng lc.
Cc lu trong qu trnh xm:
* Khi lng tht a vo phi ng u v mt kch thc cng nh khi
lng.
* Nu tht a vo sau khi xm c khi lng dung dch ln hn mong
mun ta yn tht mt thi gian sau p rt bt phn dch d tha. Vic ny

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ko di tin trnh lm vic, khi p c cu ca tht b nh hng, mt phn prtin

tan trong tht b tht thot lm gim phm cht ca sn phm
* Nu tht sau khi xm c lng dung dch thm vo nh hn mong mun
ta phi xm li ln hai cho lng dung dch quy nh. Qu trnh ny lm cho
tht b nt, dung dch thm khng u nh hng n sn phm.
Trong qu trnh xm mui c hai ch xm:
+ Xm n: trong hai qu trnh kim i ln v i xung ch mt ln kim tim
dung dch vo tht.
+ Xm kp: c hai qu trnh i ln v i xung u xm dung dch vo tht.

3. Thit b massage:

L mt khi tr rng y kn lm bng hp kim, khi tr quay quanh mt

trc. Phn y c th nng ln v h xung ph hp vi qu trnh lm vic cho
sn phm ra hoc vo bn massage. Bn trong khi tr c mt tm xon mng hn
dnh vo thnh khi tr, chy dc theo thn my. My massage c in th v
cng sut 380v-4,8 Kw, kh nng lm vic ti a l 1500kg/m, tc quay ca
my l 7 vng/ pht, thi gian lm vic ca my ti a l 60 h. Ngoi ra my cn
c b phn ht chn khng c gn vo thn hnh nn trn xoay phn np ca
my massage.
Nguyn l hot ng ca my: p dng nguyn tc va chm gia thit v
thnh my. Tht sau khi xm xong c a vo my massage nh thang nng qua
ca duy nht u phn np hnh nn trn xoay. Tht sau khi a vo my, np
thit b ng li my ht chn khng bt u hot ng. Khi khi tr quay, tht
c tm xon a ln cao theo qu o cung trn n v tr m th nng v
trng lc thng lc ma st ca tm xon v c khi tht rt xung. Va vo thnh
ca khi tr , khi tr quay lin tc dn n s va chm lin tc ch khi no dt
thi gian qui nh my t ngng li. Lc ny tht c dn mm to thnh mt
khi thng nht, sau khi my ngng tht trong my mt thi gain n nh cu
trc ca tht. Thi gian ngh trong my ty theo tng loi sn phm. Sau tht
c ly ra khi my bng cch cho my quay ngc chiu kim ng h ng thi
iu chnh nng y thit b ln, to mt nghin va qua 1trnh tho liu

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

din ra mt cch nhanh chng. Sau khi ly tht xong ngi ta cho nc vo bn v
quay cng chiu vi kim ng h xc my lm m sau. Thi gian massage kt
thc mt m l 29-21 gi ty theo tng loi sn phm. My massage c hai
nguyn l hot ng, my hot ng lin tc khng ngh cho n khi s vng quay
v thi gian mong mun th my ngng hot ng. My hat ng gin on, my
quay ri ngh theo chu k ty ta ci t. ty tng loi sn phm m ta cho chy
mt trong hai nguyn l trn.

4. Thit b v khun:

Thit b v khun gm cc khun hnh ch nht c kch thc

l*d*h:35*15*20 (cm). Hai cn in t c gn trn bng ti c th cn c t
5g-15 Kg ( sai s e=0,0001). My ht chn khng c in th v cng sut 380v-
7,5 Kw, nng sut lm vic ti a l 2 khun / 1 ln ht. Thi gian ghp m l 1-
1,3 pht vi p sut ht l 11 bar, my ht chn khng c chia lm 2 phn
+ Phn trn l khi tr hnh hp ch nht rng c gn vo hai trc
hai bn v hai trc gia. hai trc gia c gn hai thanh kp in tr ghp
m bao.
+ Phn di l sn khun v cc nt iu khin, mt dng p sut
ht chn khng c gn trn cng. Ngoi ra cn c b phn ht chn khng l
mt motor.
Nguyn l hot ng: sau khi dn mm xong c a n ch v khun,
nh thang nng a tht ln bn cha tht hnh hp y knh. Sau ngi cng
nhn a tht vo bao cha trong khun inox ( bao cryovac) qu trnh ny ta c th
chia lm 3 giai on
+ Nguyn liu cho v khun: tht c a vo bao cryovac c trong
khun nhm, inox, loi bao ny c tnh c hiu cao trong qua 1trnh vn chuyn,
nu v bo qun. N c tnh n hi cao, nu th n ra ph hp vi qua trnh
dn n ca sn phm, lnh th co li lm cho sn phm khng b bin dng. Khi
lng cho vo bao cryovac l 5,5 kg/ bao, tht cho vo bao l lm ht khng kh
trong sn phm v ly ra khi khun mt cch d dng sau qu trnh nu. N cn
c tc dng bo qun sn phm.
+ Qu trnh ht chn khng, ghp m: tht sau khi nh lng xong a vo
my ht chn khng c m sn ta c m bao ln thanh dn in khi thc
hin xong ta bm my. My ht chn khng bt u hot ng, van thng kh vi
mi trng bn ngoi ng li, khng kh b ht ht, cc thanh nng phn tn bt
u h xung tip gip st vi phn di ca my. My vn tip tc lm vic cho
n khi kh trong bun c ht ra ht v ng h p sut ch s 0 (p sut tut
i) th ngng li. Sau mt qu trnh lm vic t 1-1,3 pht m bao ghp xong th
van t ng m, lc ny p sut khng kh ln hn p sut my lm cho khng kh
y cc thanh nng, nng phn trn ca my ln v ta ly sn phm ra, cc qu
trnh trn u c ci t t ng. Ht chn khng loi b c cc ti kh nh,
ci to c dng v ca Jambon, lm cho b mt Jambon mn v trn lng. i

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

vi loi Jambon da cn c tc dng p da cht vo vi tht to iu kin cho qu

trnh nu hp c klin kt cht ch hn, ht chn khng cn ko di thi gian
bo qun ca sn phm.
+ p khun: sau khi ht chn khng xong th ly ra khi my em i nu
hp, trc phi ng np nh hnh y l mt thao tc quan trng n quyt
nh n hnh dng sn phm. Cc khun Jambon c p li bng np khun vi
cc si dy mnh, lc p ty thuc vo tng loi sn phm, sau dng xe nng
a vo phng nu hp.

5. Thit b nu Jambon:

- Hin nay trong phn xng c 4 l dng chuyn nu v sy, hai l chuyn
dng nu Jambon, hai l cn li dng hp v sy sn phm xc xch. Kch
thc ca l nu 2920*2630*2970mm, my c in th v cng sut 380v-0,5
Kw, trn trn nh mi bung u c h thng dn hi nc, khng kh v in cho
my, my c cng sut ti a l 2000kg/ ln nu. Trn nh ca thit b c hai ng
thot hi nc ng knh 0,3 cm, hai bn gn y thit b c hai ng ng dn
hi nc, c cc l nh cho hi nc thot ra. Cc vt liu ca thit b u lm
bng thp inox, pha bn hng t c mt b phn ci t chng trnh vi mng
hnh in t.
- Jambon sau khi c a vo t nu m my v ci t chng trnh chy
my vi cc thng s. Nhit trung tm ca sn phm, m, thi gian nu v
nhit phng ( my c th ci t hng ngn chng trnh). Qu trnh lm chn
Jambon bng hi trc tip, hi c cung cp t l hi qua h thng ng dn
trn trn v i thng vo bung nu. Hi sau khi thc hin nu xong phn ln
c ngng t y t ra ngoi, cn mt phn c thot ra ngoi bng hai ng
thot hi pha trn ca bung nu. Qu trnh nu Jambon c chia lm 3 giai
on, hin nay phn xng s dng ch nu cho 3 loi Jambon hon ton ging
nhau. Ta c th thng k qua bng sau:
Gi T l nhit phng nu c nng ln v gi li trong tng giai an
nu.
Gi t l thi gian ko di ca giai on.

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

Bng cc giai on nu:

STT Cc giai on nu Nhit phng Thi gian ko di

nu T mi giai on t
0
1 Giai on 1 60 C 1h
0
2 Giai on 2 66 C 2h
3 Giai on 3 68-780C 5-6h

Thi gian nu c th ko di cho n nhit tm ca sn phm t 700C

th my ngng hot ng. Cc qu trnh ny hon ton c ci t t ng, ta nu
nhit tm 700C v nhit ny ng t ca myosin v cetomysin l tt
nht. Nu ta nu thp hn nhit tm lm cho prtin cha ng t ht, Janbon
khng chn, vi sinh vt khng b tiu dit lm cho thi gian bo qun khng c
lu, cht lng sn phm km. Ngc li nu nu ln hn 70 0C th hnh dng
Jambon xu, Jambon tr nn kh st. Trong qu trnh nu ta thng xuyn kim
tra cc thng s k thut khc phc kp thi cc s c xy ra m bo qu trnh
nu c thng sut.

6. Thit b xt lt:

+ Mt ca da mng quay quanh mt trc c th tho ra v lp li mt cch

d dng.
+ in th v cng sut 380v-1,5 Kw.
+ Nng sut ti a 4 khun/1 ln xt
+ Mt bn gi sn phm hnh hp y kn, mt trc c thit k t ca
gia, mt sau l ng a sn phm cn xt lt vo.
+ Hai mt ben c tc1 dng gi sn phm khng b rt ra ngoi khi ngi
cng nhn ng my y ti.
Nguyn l hat ng: Jambon sau khi tho khun c em i xt lt, s xt lt
dy hay mng ty theo yu cu ca sn phm. S dy mng l iu chnh rng
gia ca v mt trc ca hnh hp, thng thng mi lt Jambon xt dy 3mm.
V. Qui trnh sn xut Jambon xng khi:
Tng t nh qui trnh sn xut nh trn tuy nhin c mt s im khc
nh sau:
- Sau khi massage, tht khng c v khun m c em i ct ra thnh
tng mnh nh hn bng my cutter, sau v bao bng my nhi thnh tng cy
hnh tr khong 8-9 kg.
- Ch lm chn Jambon xng khi khc hon ton vi cc loi kia, c th
gm 3 giai on sau:
+ Giai on 1: Sy trong 30 pht, nhit trong phng l 650C.
+ Giai an 2: xng khi p dng trong cng ngh ny l xng khi
nng theo nhit nu ngha l 1000C. Khi c to ra trong mt bung t

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

ring bng cch tin hnh t mc ca cy mt, khi c dn trc tip vo phng
nu Jambon trong vng 55 pht, nhit phng 700C.
+ Giai on 3: sy n khi tm t 700c, nhit phng 780C, thi
gian thc hin l 8 gi.

G. NHN XT V KT LUN:

I. Nhn xt:
1. u im:

- Nh my Vissan c mt v tr a l kh thun li v mt giao thng

ng b, xa khu dn c nhng khng qua 1xa khu trung tm thnh ph, thun li
cho hat ng sn xut cng nh vic giao dch bun bn v phn phi sn phm.
- B my t chc qun l hot ng ng b t ban gim c n cc
phng ban chc nng, dn n ton b hot ng ca nh my cng nhp nhng.
- Hat ng ca nh my phong ph a dng t gic m gia cng, phn
phi v ch bin thc phm gia sc, i gia sc cao cp xut khu cho n vic
ch bin cc mt hng thy hi sn v nng sn. Sn phm ca nh my cng rt
a dng v chng loi. Tng cng trn 60 mt hng cc loi.
- Khu tn tr th sng c kh nng d tr trn 50 tn tht cung cp cho nh
my hot ng. Khu vc chung tri b tr hp l t khu vc tip nhn n khu
tn tr v chm sc th.
- Phn xng gic m vi 3 dy chuyn gic , m heo v 2 dy chuyn gic
m b hin i hot ng vi hiu sut cao. T l tht thnh phm so vi tht
nguyn liu cao, cht lng tht sau khi gic m t yu cu cho vic phn phi v
ch bin thc phm cao cp.
- Phn xng ch bin thc phm vi cng ngh sn xut Jambon v
Saucisse hin i sn xut ra nhng sn phm cao cp, a dng v chng loi c
kh nng cnh tranh vi th trng trong v ngoi nc.
- Khu tn tr lnh c kh nng d tr trn 700 tn sn phm cc loi, to
iu kin thun li cho vic iu ha cc hat ng sn xut kinh doanh ca ton
nh my, nng cao thi gian bo qun thc phm.
- Cng tc kim tra cht lng t lc th cn ng cho n khi gic m v
ch bin thc phm c thc hin nghim ngt bi lc lng KCS ca nh my
v cn b th y ca Thnh Ph H Ch Minh m bo sn phm t cht lng
cao.
- Tt c cc nguyn liu u c tn dng ti a sn xut, t l sn
phm so vi nguyn liu rt cao.

2. Khuyt im:

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Bo co thc tp nh my Vissan

- Nh my ch hot ng ht cng sut thit k, do hot ng ca nh

my cha t hiu qu kinh t cao. Lm cho gi thnh sn phm cao.
- Phn xng gic m ch hot ng 1 dy chuyn gic m heo v mt dy
chuyn gic m b. Nguyn nhn l do s cnh tranh trong vn thu mua gia
sc, i gia sc. Do nhng qui nh v thu st sinh, doanh thu cao, chng cho
qun l v ngnh hng. B t thng lm dng s h ca nh nc trong khu
kim sot, kim dch thc phm nn gi heo bn ca Vissan cao hn gi t
thng.
- H thng cp ng cng sut 98 tn/24h, c th xut khu tht ng lnh
30.000 tn / nm nhng hin nay hot ng cn thp so vi cng sut cho php.
Nguyn nhn la 2do thiu th trng v cc mt hng ng lnh.

II. ngh:

-Thc hin lin kt vi cc trang tri chn nui ln, y mnh thu mua, nm
c ngun hng thng qua mng li thu mua cc tnh. Thc hin phng
hng chn nui gia cng h gia nh n nh nguyn liu.
- Tng cng v pht trin thm nhiu mt hng khc s dng ht tim
nng lao ng ca cng ty.

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