vk3e~

Lons'kh vkanksyu & (Lons'kh ls Lokoyacu)

Hkkjr nsk esa vkt fonskh dEifu;ksa dk vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd ,oa lkekftd izHkko c<+rk gh
tk jgk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj dh 1991 ls py jgh mnkjhdj.k ,oa oSohdj.k dh uhfr;ksa ds pyrs
fonskh dEifu;ksa ds fy, lHkh rjg dh NwV fey jgh gSA Hkkjr esa gtkjksa fonskh dEifu;k Hkkjrh;
/ku o lEifk dks ywV jgh gSA gj lky Hkkjr nsk ls izR;{k :i ls 2]32]000 djksM+ vkSj ijks{k :i
ls 7]50]00 djksM+ :i;s cgkj nskksa esa tk jgs gSaA blds dkj.k gekjh vFkZO;oLFkk esa iwath dh Hkkjh
deh vk jgh gSA bl iwath dh deh dks iwjk djus ds fy, gekjh ljdkjas nskh vkSj fonskh dtZ ys
jgh gSA vHkh rd Hkkjr nskh dh ljdkj ij yxHkx 40]00]000 djksM+ :i;ksa dk nskh fonskh dtZ
gks pqdk gSA bl dtsZ dk C;kt pqdkus esa gh Hkkjr ljdkj ds ctV dk yxHkx ,d frgkbZ /ku
YkxHkx 3]50]000 djksM+ :i;s [kpZ gks tkrk gSA bu dkj.kksa ls Hkkjr ds izR;sd ukxfjd ij yXkHkx
33]000 :i;s dk nskh fonskh dtZ gks x;k gSA bu lHkh dkj.kksa dk vfUre nq"ifj.kke gS] ns'k esa
fodkl ds fy, /ku dh Hkkjh deh A
Hkkjr ljdkj us rks dqN vUrjkZ"Vh; le>kSrs fo'o O;kikj laxBu le>kSrk] vkbZ-,e-,Q-
fo'o cSad le>kSrk vkfn dj fy, gSaA bu vUrjkZ"Vh; le>kSrksa ds ncko esa Hkkjr ljdkj fdlh Hkh
fons'kh dEiuh dks Hkkjr ls Hkxkus esa l{ke ,oa leFkZ ugha gSA Hkkjr ljdkj dh jktuSfrd bPNk
'kfDr cgqr detksj gksus ds dkj.k Hkh fons'kh dEifu;ksa dh ywV ,d xEHkhj leL;k cuh gqbZ gSA vr%
vc bu fons'kh dEifu;ksa dks Hkkjr ls Hkxkuk flQZ Hkkjrokfl;ksa dh bPNk'kfDr o ladYi ls gh
lEHko gSA ge Hkkjrokfl;ksa us ftl rjg vaxszth bZLV bafM;k dEiuh dks Hkkjr ls Hkxk;k Fkk mlh
rjg vc bu fons'kh dEifu;ksa dks Hkxkuk iM+sxkA bu fons'kh dEifu;ksa dks Hkkjr ls Hkxkus dk vkSj
Hkkjr ds lalk/kuksa dh vkfFkZd ywV can djus dk ,dek= gfFk;kj gS cfg"dkj ,oa vlg;ksxA
Hkkjr ns'k ds egku dzkfUrohjksa yksdekU; ckyxaxk/kj fryd] ykyk yktirjk;] fofiu
pUnziky] egkRek xka/kh] 'kghns vkte Hkxr flag] iafMr jkeizlkn fcfLey] pUnz'ks[kj vktkn]
usrkth lqHkk"kpUnz cksl] v'kQkd mYykg vkfn&vkfn us blh cfg"dkj ds gfFk;kj dk iz;ksx djds
vaxszth bZLV bafM;k dEiuh dks Hkkjr ls m[kkM+ Qsadk FkkA ftl vaxszth lkezkT; dk lwjt nqfu;k ds
70 ns'kksa esa ugha Mwcrk Fkk] ml vaxszth lkezkT; dks Hkkjr ds bu egku dzkfUrohjksa us ges'kk ds fy,
lekIr dj fn;k FkkA vkt fQj bl cfg"dkj ds gfFk;kj dk bLrseky djds ge Hkkjroklh mu
gtkjksa fons'kh dEifu;ksa dks Hkkjr ls Hkxk ldrs gSa] tks Hkkjr dks ywV jgh gSA vkb, ge lHkh
Hkkjroklh feydj ladYi djsa fd vius thou ls fons'kh dEifu;ksa ds lkekuksa 'kwU; rduhdh ls
cus gq, dk cfg"dkj djsaxsA bl rjg Hkkjr ds /ku o vkfFkZd lEink dks cpk;saxsaA
gekjs nSfud thou esa ,slh cgqr lh fons'kh dEifu;ksa dh oLrq;sa gSa] ftudk cfg"dkj vklkuh
ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA bu fons'kh dEifu;ksa ds Lons'kh fodYi cktkjksa esa vklkuh ls miyC/k gSaA
ge lHkh Lons'kh oLrqvksa dks Lohdkj djsa ;gh gekjk jk"V/keZ gSA
 iratfy ;ksxihB gfj}kj
nSfud thou eas mi;ksxh Lonskh&fonskh lkeku dh lwph
fonskh
vf/kdrj VwFkisLV gfM~M;ksa ds pwjs ls curk gSaA
dksyxsV] fgUnqLrku yhoj Dykstvi] isIlksMsUV] ,se] flckdk]
flckdk] ,Doksk] ,eos fXyLVj] T;ksjh esulZ QksjgUl]
Xyhe vksjych] DokUVe] Vwtsy
ykxr % 60 #@fd0] dher % 200&315 #@fd0
equkQk % 2500%
dksyxsV] Dykstvi] isIlksMsUV] ,Doksk] flckdk] fctMe
lHkh lkcquksa esa lksMk gksrk gS] tks Ropk ds fy;s gkfudkjd gSA
fgUnqLrku yhoj yDl] fyfjy] ykbZQckW;] yslkalh] eksrh] ekxkZ]s
Msfue] dses] Mkso] jsoykWu] fi;lZ] jsDlksuk] czht] geke]
vksd]s t; iks.M~l] MsVksy] fDy;jfly] ikeksfyo] DokaVe] ,eos]
tkWulu csch
fder % 100&150 #0@fdyks
dksyxsV ikeksfyo gSyks] ghuk] ikeksfyo fgUnqLrku yhoj yDl]
fDyfud] luflYd] jsoykWu] ysDes izkDs Vj ,oa xsca y
fDy;jfly] isUVhu] esMhds;j iks.M~l] vksYM Likbl] ekfpZl]
'kkoj Vw 'kkoj] vsxfsZ ud] gsM ,aM 'kksYMj] tkWulu csch
fder % 300&500 #0@yhVj
fgUnqLrku yhoj lQZ] fju] luykbV] Oghy] vksds] foe diM+s o crZu /kksus VkVk 'kq)] fuek] eksnh] ds;j] lgkjk] LokfLrd] foey] fgiksyhu]
,fj;y] psd] gsUdks] fjfoy] ,eos] DokUVe] 555A dk lkcqu] ikmMj Qsuk] llk] Vh lhfjt] MkW0 MsV] ?kM+h] okkosy] fpjkx] pUnzidz kk]
uh diM+ksa ds fy, & oqyokk] bZth
uhy & jkWfcu Cyw] Vhukiky] LdkbZykdZ
VkW;ysV fDyuj & gkfiZd] dhoh] ykbZtksyA
vksYs MLikbl] ikeksfyo] ikW.M~l] ftysV] bjkfLed] Msfue ;kMZy]s
CywLVUVA
dher % 400&1400 #0@fdyks
ftysV 7 vks Dyksd] bjkfLed foYeSu] foYVstA
fgUnqLrku yhoj Qs;j ,oa yoyh] ysDes] fyfjy] Msfue] jsoyksu] he] ikmMj o
izksDVj ,oa xsEcy vk;y ,ao vksys] fDyj;fly] fDy;jVksu lkSUn;Z
pkfeZl] iks.M~l] vksYM Likbl] ,uSap] ;kMZys] Cywlhy] izlk/ku dh
MsVky] ukbfly] pkyhZ] bEihjh;y ysnj] 'kkoj Vw kkoj] lkezxh
tkWulu cschA
VkVk ikoj] ,EcslM s j jSx
a yj] ukbZd] M~;d
w ] ,MhMkl] U;wiksV]Z
I;wek] ,sjks] osu gqluS ] ,syulksyh] yh gsujh fgyA
jkMks] lhVhtu] jkWySDl] Lohldks] lhdks
ikjdj] fudylu] jksVksesd] fLol,;j] ,Mtsy]
jkbMj] ferlqfckh] ys;j] ;wfucky] ik;ysV] jksyxksYMA
oLrq Lonskh
VwFkisLV loZJs"B & nUrdkafr] nUr eatu iratfy vk;qoZsn fy- Ukhe]
eatu ccwy dh M.Mh] uhe 320 rjg ds dhVk.kq ekjrk gSA
eatu& fodks ctznUrh] Mkcj] oS|ukFk] a>k] fgrdj] dey
LokuUn ljlksa dk rsy $ ued $ gYnhA
'kkdkgkjh VwFk isLV & fodks otznUrh] vej LokuUn pksbZlA
vU; VwFkisLV & uhe] ,adj] feLokd] ccwy] izksfel] lgkjkA
VwFkcz'k loZJ"s B &,D;qisz kj ds vuqlkj vaxy
q h ls nkr lkQ djus ls vkarksa
dh ekfyk gksrh gS o dCt nwj gksrk gSA dher % 0
izksfel] vt;] vtUrk] eksusV] jks;y] Dykfld] MkW0 LVkWdA
ugkus dk loZJ"s B&dk;kdafr] dk;kdafr ,ykssohjk iratfy vk;qosZn fy-]
lkcqu nw/k$cslu] eqyrkuh feV~Vh$ngh] vjhBk$vkoyk$fkdkdkbZA vuqjk
LokuUn] esMhfeDl] uhe] fujek] fuek] ikdZ vosU;w jse.M] fizfe;e
tds tsLehu] eSljw lsna y] Lokfrd uhe] fkdkdkbZ] dqVhj]
vQxku] lgkjk] pafdk] fgekuh fXyljhu] xksnjst flaFkksy] Qs;jXyk]
Xyksjh] ekjoy] fothy] fkdkdkbZ] xaxk] foizk]s larjq ] gcZy] csch] dkfeZuks
cschA
'kSEiw loZJs"B &'kSEiw iratfy vk;qosZn fy-] eqyrkuh feV~Vh&ngh]
vjhBk&vkoyk&fkdkdkbZA fder % 0
fizfe;e] foizk]s ikdZ vosU;w] Lokfrd] v;wj gcZy] dskfu[kkj] gs;j ,.M ds;j]
ukbfly] vfuZdk] osyosV] Mkcj okfVdk] ctkt] lsokJe] ukbZy] yso.s Mj]
xksnjstA
o uhy DyksFk ds;jA xglaxzg] dqlqe] fDyUtj] Vhe 2000] xksnjstA
uh diM+ksa ds fy, &tsfVy] VksikkVA
uhy &mtkyk] jkuhiky] fujek] pedks] fMiA
VkW;ysV fDyuj &lsuh sk] vksMksfid] fDyUtjA
loZJs"B& xeZ ikuh o nw/kA dher % 0
lsfoxa loZJs"B & xje ikuh o nw/kA dher % 0
he] ikdZ vosU;q] fizfe;e] fo tksu] bekeh] lgkjk vQxku] cylkjk]
xksnjst] fufo;kA
CySM Vksikt] xsyUs V] lqijesDl] ystj] ,lDok;j] flYoj fizUl] fizfe;eA
dk;kdafr ,syksosjk] dk;kdafr uhe] dkafrysi] ,syksosjk dslj]
tsy&vkstyl ,oa rstl iratfy vk;qoZsn fy- ikdZ vosU;w]
fizfe;e] fodks] cksjksIyl] cksjksyhu] cksjksfly v;wj bekeh] fgekuh
xksYM] ukbZy] yso.s Mj] fVIl ,.M Vks] cylkjk] gs;j ,.M ds;j]
eksjhl] D;wVhdqjk] vQxku] fufo;k] gsoUl] xkMZu] flaFkksy Xyksjh]
,Dlisy ckykssa ds fy, osyosV cschA
jsfMesM loZJ"s B &[kknh 100% dkWVu vkjkenk;d] LokLF;izn gSA
oL= dsfEczt] ikdZ vosU;w] vksDtsEcxZ] ckWEcs MkbZxa ]ihVj baXyS.M] jQ ,aM VQ] fVxj ftalA
?kM+h VkbVu] ,p,eVh] esfDlek] izsfLVt] vtUrk] jkpht] jhdksA
isu] isfUly dSey] fdaXlu] kkiZ] jsuksYM] lsyks] foYlu] VwMs uVjkt] ,sEcslM
s j]
fyad] MsYVk] MkDVj] eksUVsDl] LVhd] laxhrk] yDlj] vIljkA
 fonskh
dSLVksy] xYQ] 'kSy] VkVk&fczfVk
fQfyIl] FkkWelu] lhesUl] thbZ] lSelax lSU;ks
vkbZlhvkbZ] ctZj] jkWchysd] czksYd] uSjksyd
twrs & ckVk ikoj] ,EcslMj] ukFkZLVkj] DokMkDohu ch,elh]
djksuk I;wek] ,Eik;j ,sMhMkl] ukbZd] fjcksd] QhfuDl VQ]
oqMysUM] ykcsyA ikWfyk & psjh] Cykle] dhohA
xqMbZ;j] Muyi lh,V] Qk;j LVksu] fcztLVksuA
isIlh ygj] 7 vi] fefjaMk] Lykbl dksdk dksyk dksd]
QsUVk] LizkbZV] FkElvi] xksYMikV] fyEdk Vhe] flVk
k] esdMksoy] cqd cksaM fdlku fyIVj Vh Vki
ykxr % 2-5 #0@yhVj dher % 33 #&64#@yhVj]
equkQk % U;wUre 1000%&2500%
Hkkjr nqfu;k esa pk; o dkWQh dk nwljk cM+k mRiknd gSA fonskh
dEiuh;k flQZ iSfdax djrh gSA
fyIVu VkbZxj] xzhu yscy] ;syks yscy] ph;lZ czd
q ckW.M jsM
yscy] rktegy xksMs fQfyIl] iksylu] xqMfjd] lujkbZtA
dkWQh & usLys] usLdSQs] fjpcwA
usLys ysDVkstu] lsjsyd] usLVe] ,y-ih-,Q-] feYd esM] usLizs]
,ojhMs] xkYVdks XysDlks QSjsDl] vfud
dher % 150&250 #0@fdyks
MkWDVj ds vuqlkj 'kjhj dks fdlh VkWfud dh t:jr ugha gSA
cwLV] iksylu] cksuZohVk] gksfyZDl] dksEIyku] LiVZ] izksfVusDlA
dher %160 #0@fdyks
vf/kdrj vkblheksa esa tkuojksa dh vkrksa dh ijr gksrh gSA
okYl] Dokf yVh] MksyIl] dSMcjh]] ckLohu] jksfcUl] ;kdkMwMYlA
fgUnqLrku yhoj vUuiw.kkZ czqdckW.M fdlku fiYlcjh]
dher % 6-5#0&10#0@fdyks
vady] isIlh jQYl] gkLVsl] QueapA
dher % 90 #0@fdyks
usLys esaxh] czqd ckW.M fdlku czkmu ,.M ikylu] osdihYM]
jsDl dher % 90 #0@fdyks
usLys eSxh
vf/kdrj pkSdysV esa vklsZfud uked tgj gksrk gSA
dSMcjh cksuZfoVk] 5 LVkj fyIVu] gkfyZDl] U;wVhu] foDl]
isjks] yksV~l] bDys;lZA
oLrq Lonskh
Y;wcvkW;y bafM;u vkW;y lokZsa] Hkkjr] fgUnqLrku] vkbZchihA
fctyh ds lkeku ,adj] foizks] ctkt] eSlwj] lhek] lw;kZ ,p,eVhA
isUV~l ,fk;u isUV~l] lqjyd] ,iksykbV] LikdZ] jaxokjs] DokyhVh] 'kkyhekjA
tqrs tqrs &fycVhZ] y[kkuh] LdkbZ vkDlQksMZ] Hkkjr ysnj] ,sDku]
ikWfy'k fjysDlks] isjkxku] okbZfdaxA
ikWfyk &fycVhZ 'kw 'kkbZu] fcYyh] dkuksZckA
Vk;j ,e vkj ,Q] tsds] fokUr] eksnh] izhfe;j] viksykA
dksYM foo LokLF; laxBu us vf/kdrj dksYM fMDa l dks /khek tgj ?kksf"kr fd;k
fMaDl gSA 1 ?kaVs esa 4 yhVj dksYM fMDa l ihus ls eR;q fufpr gSA
loZJs"B xqykc 'kcZr] cknke 'kcZr iratfy vk;qoZsn fy- nw/k
yLlh] NkN] twl] uhacw ikuh] dsjh] ukfj;y ikuh] 'ksd]
BaMkbZ] tythjkA dher % 2#0@&30 #0@yhVj
:gvQtk] jluk] qVh] lq/k] xksnjst taibZu] ,uthZ] lksl;ksA
pk; Pkk; o dkWQh LokLF; ds fy, gkfudkjd gSA
o loZJ"s B &fnO; is;]vkaoyk twl] ,yksfojk twl] iratfy vk;qonZ s fy-
dkWQh pk; &VkVk] cz iq=] vle] fxjukj] dkykk?kksM+k] yky?kksM+k]
Mcy] Mk;e.M] ck|] cdjh] /kulsjh] uojRu] e/kqJh] lkslk;Vh]
ykyfdyk feyhA
dkWQh &bf.M;u dSQs] ,e-vkj-A
f'k'kq vkgkj loZJ"s B &ek dk nw/k] 'kgn] nkyksa dk ikuh] mcys pkoy] Qyksa dk jlA
o dher %1&30 #0@yhVj
nw/k ikoMj vewy] b.Mkuk] lkxj] riu] feYd ds;jA
VkWfud loZJs"B &nw/k] Qy] lfCt;k] vkoyk] lykn] vadqfjr xsgw puk]
ewax] ewaxQyhA cknke ikd] P;ouizk'k] ve`r jlk;u] iratfy
vk;qoZsn fy- flQZ vadfq jr djus ls iz k s f Vu o foVkfeu 30 ls
60% rd c<+ tkrs gSa
vU; vk;qosZfnd VkWfud] U;wVkewy] ekYVksokA
vkblhe loZJs"B &?kj dh cuh vkblhe] dqYQh] veqyA
okMhyky] dksdqy] feYd QqM] isLrksuth] fnukkW gsoeksj] t;A
ued nskh ued essa Hkh vk;ksM+hu gksrk gSA
dher % 1 #0@fdyks la/s ko ued iratfy vk;qonsZ fy- VkVk]
lw;kZ] rktk] rkjkA
vkyw fpIl lHkh vkyw fpIl LokLF; ds fy, gkfudkjd gsAa loZJ"s B &?kj esa
cus fpIl chdkth] ,ouA dher % 35#0@fdyks
VkekVj lkWl] loZJ"s B & qV tSe] ,iy tSe] feDl tSe iratfy vk;qonsZ fy- ?kj
qV tSal eas cuk lkWlA dher % 20 #0@fdyks
b.Mkuk] fiz;k] fVYywjke Vkl eukst] fly] fuykUl] jluk duZyA
VekVj lkWl ,oa loZJ"s B & qV tSe] ,iy tSe] feDl tSe iratfy vk;qonsZ fy- ?kj
qV tSe eas cuk lkWlA dher % 20 #0@fdyks
b.Mkuk] fiz;k] fVYywjke Vkl eukst] fly] fuykUl] jluk duZyA
fcLdqV loZJs"B &xqM+$eqxaQyh] dktw T;knk LokLFkizn gSA iratfy
pkWdysV vk;qosZn fy0 vkaaoyk dsSUMh] csy dSUMh] fcfLdV] dSMhA
fczVkfu;k] ikjys] csdesUl] hfedk] 'kkxzhyk] bUMkuk] vewy] jkoyxkaoA
 fonskh oLrq Lonskh

Lkksuh] fQfyIl] gqM

a bZ] lulqb]Z vkbok] lkiZ] ,yth] nso]w lSU;ks] Vh-oh-] ft] vksfuMk] ch-ih-,y-] foM;ksdksu] vdkbZ] Vh&lhjht] lyksjk osLVj]
uskuy isuklksfud] dSuoqM] FkkWelu] lSelax] fgrkph] rkskhck] oh-lh-Mh-] Vsi] kmu] VsDlyk] xksnjstA
dksfudk] ik;ksfu;j] dsfYousVj] fOgyZiy s Dl] okf'kaxe'khu ,oa
w ] dsuLVkj] bysDVky
vkbZ-,Q-ch- oksYVlA bysDVkfud xqM~l Lqfer] ctkt] xksih] T;ksfr] "kk] t;iku] bukYlk] vksjVseA

flaxj] esfjV] jSyhfeDl] dSuLVkj] czkmu] uskuy] fQfyIl] feDpj vksfj;aV] "kk] [ksrku] iksyj] ,adj] ctkt] flUuh] Vh&lhjht]
egkjkt]th- bZ-A vkjVse] keVuA

th- bZ- jSyhlA vksfj;aV] "kk] [ksrku] iksyj] ,adj] ctkt] flUuh] Vh&lhjht]
ia[ks vkjVse] keVuA
,D;wfQuk] fduyh] cSyh] R;ksj ykbZQ] bZfo;u] lSu&iSysxzheksa] loZJs"B& ?kj dk mcyk lkQ ikuh] ;Sl] xaxk] fgeky;k] dSp]
iSfj;j ikuh jsy&uhj] fclyjhA

uksfd;kA eksckbZy VsyhQksu vtUrk] vksjisV] "kk&yDllA

MkyMk czk.M] vkbZ-Vh-lh- rsy] fgUnqLrku fyoj o vkbZ-Vh-lh- [kk| rsy loZJs"B& dPph ?kkuh dk rsy] iratfy vk;q0 fy0 ljlksa dk
czk.M ds lHkh rsyksa dk cfg"dkj djsaA rsy] lks;kfcu o ok;q rsy tyok;q ds vuqdwy ugha gSA

Msy] vkbZ-ch-,e- lksuh] ,p-ih- fyukoks] dkEiSd] rksf'kck] Fkkelu] ysiVkWi DEI;wVj ,p-lh-,y-] foizksA
lSelax] ftfuFkA

dkokldh] gks.Mk] gq.MbZ] lUVk]s QksMZ jkW;y bZu QhYM] elZfMt] nksifg;k okgu~ ctkt] fgVks] Vh-oh-,l- VkVk VSd
] rwQku] Lojkt&ektnk] vEcSlMj]
Vks;Vk] djksyk] LdksMk] fu'kkuA bUMl] vtUrkA
fgUnqLrku yhoj] ik;fu;j] gsDLV] QkbZtj] fltsUVk] eksulsUVks] dkjfxyA cht ,oa
dhVuk'kd LFkkuh; Lrj ds chtksa dk mi;ksxA
bu lHkh dEifu;ksa ds chtksa ,oa dhVuk'kdksa dk cfg"dkj djsaA

uksV % jkrksa&jkr dksbZ Hkh Lons'kh oLrq fons'kh gks ldrh gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh Lons'kh oLrq fons'kh gks ldrh gSA Hkkjr ds cktkj esa
oS'ohdj.k dh izf;k ds ckn cgqr lkjs czk.M oLrq,a Lons'kh ls fons'kh gks tkrh gSaA d`I;k vki vius Lrj ls v[kckjksa
,oa if=dkvksa ds ek/;e ls bl lUnHkZ esa rktk tkudkjh djrs gSaA
uksV%& vki tgk Hkh jgrs gSA mlds vkl&ikl lSdM+ksa Lons'kh oLrq,a curh gSa d`I;k vki buds ckjs esa tkudkjh djsa vkSj mu
Lons'kh oLrqvksa dk vf/kd ls vf/kd mi;ksx ,oa izpkj djsaA