`dWm-n[adVZ

^maV-dm{^_mZ
(EH$ gm_m{OH$ d Am`m{_H$ AmXmobZ)
 `dWm-n[adVZmMr Amd`H$Vm H$m? 
dmV`m`m `m 63 dfmV `m g_`m, AmhmZ d ^`H$a X`{dXmaH$ n[a{WVr am>mV CX^d`m, `m `m Jmo>rMo
_mU AmhoV H$s Amn`m XoemMr ZrVr d `dWm Xoedmgr`mZm `m` XoD$ eH$V Zmhr. hUyZ Amn`m XoemMr ZrVr d
gnyU `dWoMr ZdrZ nVrZo nwZaMZm H$a`mMr A`V Amd`H$Vm Amho.
1. dmV`m`m `m 63 dfmZVahr Oa ^maVmVrb 50% bmoH$ A{e{jV AmhoV, Amn`mbm Amn`m XoemVrb
^mfm_`o CM VkmZ{df`H$ {ejU Ko`mMm hH$ Zmhr, Jar~ d lr_VmgmR>r EH$gmaIr {ejU-`dWm Zmhr,
{ejUmV Mm[a`-{Z{_VrgmR>r gH$ma d `m{JH$ {ejUmMm g_mdoe Zmhr, Amn`m nydOmMo kmZ, OrdZ d
Mm[a`m{df`r Amn`m {ejU-`dWoV An_mZmnX Jmo>r {eH${d`m OmVmV ...Va H$m` ho gd Amn`m
{ejU-`dWoMo An`e Zmhr? ^maV emgZm`m AXmOmZwgma embo` {ejUmgmR>r doe KoUm`m 18 H$moQ>r
{dm`mnH$s Ho$di 1 H$moQ>r {dmWuM Amn`m CM {ejU mVr`m `o`mV `edr hmoVmV. ho Amn`m {ejU-
`dWoMo gdmV _moR>o An`e Amho.
2. XoemVrb 65% bmoH$ U Pm`mZVa CnMma H$$ eH$V ZmhrV. `m UmZm AmnU Vi_iV-H$mgmdrg hmoD$Z
_a`mgmR>r gmoS>Vmo Am{U Oo 35% bmoH$ CnMma H$a{dVmV `mnH$r 7,00,000 H$moQ>r (gmV bmI H$moQ>r)
n`mhZhr OmV Xoedm{g`m`m YZmMm An`` Ho$di `mYr {Z`UmgmR>r hmoVmo Am{U `mnH$shr gw_mao 50%
bmoH$ Amnbr O_rZ d Ka {dHy$Z CnMma H$a{dVmV. ho Amn`m dm`-`dWoMo An`e Zmhr Va AmUIr H$m`
Amho?
3. Jwbm_{Jar`m H$mimV BJOmZr Oo 34,735 H$m`Xo Amn`mbm byQ>`mgmR>r, emofU H$a`mgmR>r d eVH$mZweVHo$
Amn`mbm Jwbm_ ~ZdyZ R>od`mgmR>r ~Z{dbo hmoVo, Vo H$m`Xo AmnU dV ^maVmV H$m A_bmV AmUV AmhmoV?
100 JwhoJmamnH$s Ho$di 5 bmoH$mZmM Amnbr `m`-`dWm XS> XoD$ eH$Vo. 95% bmoH$mZm Amn`m `m`-
`dWoV `m`M {_iy eH$V Zmhr. ^>mMma H$$Z gw_mao 100,00,000 H$moQ>r (e^a bmI H$moQ>r) n`o XoemMo YZ
{dg ~H$ d BVa {dXoer ~H$m_`o O_m hmoVo. Amn`m 100 nH$s 30 _mVm-^{JUter OrdZmV H$Yr Zm H$Yr
N>oS>N>mS> qH$dm `m`m A~ybm Z>^> H$a`mMm `Z Ho$bm OmVmo. Xadfu gw_mao 1 H$moQ>r H$`mMr J^mVM h`m
Ho$br OmVo. `oH$ Vmgmbm 3 ^{JUtMr hS>mgmR>r h`m d Xa Vmgmbm gw_mao 2 H$`mda ~bmH$ma hmoVmo.
XheVdmX Agmo qH$dm Im-gm_JrV {dfmar nXmW {_giyZ 115 H$moQ>r bmoH$m`m Am`w`mer nmoaIoi H$aUmao
JwhoJma AgmoV, AIoa Amnbr `m`-`dWm `m ^>mMmatZm, hS>mgmR>r h`m H$aUm`mZm, ~bmH$mar d A`
JwhoJmamZm XS> H$m XoD$ eH$V Zmhr? `mMm gai AW hm Amho H$s Amn`m `m`-`dWoV Am_wbmJ n[adVZmMr
Amd`H$Vm Amho. Xoem`m gnyU `dWo`m _wimer `m`-`dWm d AW `dWmM AgVo Am{U g{WVrV `m
Xmohr `dWm gwairV Z Mmb`m_wioM XoemV MmohrH$S>o gKf, emofU, njnmV d A`m` hmoV Amho. Hw$R>o
XheVdmXmMr AmJ Va Hw$R>o OmV dm gXm`mMm C_mX VgoM ZjbdmXmMr AmJ Amho. Amn`m MwH$s`m ZrVr d
MwH$s`m `dWo_wioM Xoedmgr`mZm `m` {_iy eH$V Zmhr.

1
4. EH$sH$S>o XoemMo gnyU KaJwVr CnmXZ (Or.S>r.nr.) gw_mao 50,00,000 H$moQ>r (nmg bmI H$moQ>r) n`o Amho
AWmV XoemVrb H$maImZo, H$fr `dgm`mVrb gd joo d Hw$eb H$m_Jmam`m hmVyZ hmoUmao CnmXZ 50 bmI H$moQ>r
n`mMo Amho. am` d H|$ emgZ, Wm{ZH$ ZJanm{bH$m d BVa Wm{ZH$ gWmMm Xadfu gw_mao 20,00,000 H$moQ>r
(drg bmI H$moQ>r) n`mMm ~OoQ> Xoem`m {dH$mgm`m Zmdmda ~ZVmo. XoemMr gw_mao 100 bmI H$moQ>r n`mMr
YZamer {dg ~Ho$V d A` {dXoem_`o O_m Amho. Amn`m MwH$s`m Am{WH$ ZrVr d MwH$s`m H$a-Umbr_wio
gw_mao 50 bmI H$moQ>r n`o H$m`m YZm`m $nmV XoemV {d_mZ AmhoV. BVH$s AIyQ> YZgnXm AgyZhr Amn`m
XoemVrb gw_mao 84 H$moQ>r bmoH$mZm XaamoO Ho$di 20-21 n`mV XrZVm, J[a~r, bmMmar, Cnmg_mar, A^md,
A{e{jVnUm d X[aVoMo OrdZ H$m OJmdo bmJVo? {dH$mgmMm A^md, A{e{jVnUm, ~oamoOJmar d Cnmg_mar B.
_wio XoemMo gw_mao 250 {Oho ZjbdmXm`m AZrV H$m hmoaniV AmhoV? Oa Xoem`m `m Jar~ {OmMm
m_m{UH$nUo d gdoXZerbVoZo AmnU {dH$mg Ho$bm Va H$Xm{MV `oWo ZjbdmX H$Yr CX^dyM eH$V Zmhr.
dmV`m`m 63 dfmZVahr AmnU Xoembm _yb^yV JaOm - A, d, {Zdmam, {ejU, Amamo`, gajU, drO,
nmUr-nwadR>m d a`mMr XwVr B. CnbY H$adyZ XoD$ eH$bmo Zmhr. Amnbo MbZ d gnmrMo Ad_y`Z VgoM
Xoem`m ZmJ[aH$mMo OmJ{VH$ {V>oVrb nVZ ho Amn`m AW`dWoMo An`e Xe{dVo. g`wV am> gKm`m
_mZd-{dH$mg gyMrV (y_Z So>hbn_oQ> [anmoQ>) ^maVmMo Zmd 134 `m H$_mH$mda `oUo hr Amn`m emgZ-
`dWo`m Vm|S>mda bOmnX MnamH$ Zmhr H$m ? Ag_mZ d njnmVnyU {dVaU, Am{WH$ ^>mMma d {dXoer
AWZrVt`m AYmZwH$aUmV AmVm EH$m H$m{VH$mar n[adVZmMr A`V Amd`H$Vm Amho.
5. dmV`m`m 63 dfm_`o AmnU XoemMo AXmVm eoVH$ar d am>{Z_mVm _Oya d H$m_JmamMm {OVH$m An_mZ Ho$bm
Amho, {VVH$m H$Xm{MV BVa H$moUrhr Ho$bobm Zmhr. eoVH$`m`m eoVmbm Zm nwaogo nmUr, Zm nwaoer drO CnbY
Amho. {dfmar d _hmJS>r IVo VgoM H$sQ>H$ZmeH$mZr XoemVrb eoVH$`mZm Am_h`ogmR>r dm Ho$bo Amho.
`mM~amo~a ho {dfmar A ImD$Z XoemVrb 115 H$moQ>r bmoH$m`m OrdZmV KmVH$ `mYr CX^d`m AmhoV. Xadfu
Amn`m MwH$s`m H$fr-ZrVt_wio amgm`{ZH$ IVo d {dfmar H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m`m ZmdmImbr gw_mao 5 bmI H$moQ>r
n`mMr eoVH$`mMr Am{WH$ byQ> hmoVo Am{U n[aUm_r CX^dbo`m `mYt_wio bmImo bmoH$mMm _`y hmoVmo VgoM
Xy[fV AmhmaO` `mYtZm {Z`{V H$a`mV XoemMo gw_mao 7 bmI H$moQ>r n`o IM hmoVmV. ~r-{~`mUo, H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$
d {dfmar IVmZm IaoXr H$a`mVM eoVH$`m`m EHy$U CnmXZm`m {_iH$VrMm gw_mao 80% {hgm IM hmoVmo.
Amn`m MwH$s`m emgZ-nVr d ^> `dWmMo `mhZ _moR>o _mU AmUIr H$moUVo Agy eHo$b? `m gd ZmMo
Cma Amho `dWm-n[adVZ. `dWm-n[adVZm{edm` AmnU ^maVmMm ^m`moX` H$$ eH$V Zmhr. XoemVrb
g_`m`m gnyU {ZamH$aUmMm EH$_od _mJ Amho `dWm-n[adVZ. AmVm WmoS>m\$ma CnMma Am{U gwYmaUoZo H$m_
MmbUma Zmhr. AmVm Va EH$m _moR>m A{^`mZmMr ^maVmbm A`V JaO Amho, VohmM ^maV_mVoda Pmbo`m Vrd
AmKmVmda d `mYtda AmnU nyUV CnMma H$$ eHy$. Amn`mda hmoV Agbobm A`m`, njnmV, Amnbr J[a~r
d XwXeogmR>r Amnbm Y_, mV qH$dm H$moUVmhr gXm` O~m~Xma Zmhr, Va MwH$s`m ZrVr, ^> `dWm d
^>mMmam_wioM XoemVrb ~hVmer bmoH$ `mV gd Y_, mV d gXm` g_m{d> AmhoV, `m gdmda A`m` hmoV Amho
qH$dm `mZm `m` {_iy eH$V Zmhr.
 AmXmobZmMr _yi ^mdZm 
XoemVrb 115 H$moQ>r ^maVr` AWmV ^maVmVrb gd _mVm-^{JUr, Am~mbd gdY{_`, mV d gXm`mMo bmoH$
Amnbo dOZ AmhoV. `m gd Xoedm{g`m`m Amamo`mgmR>r d gwI, g_r, g_mZ, dm{^_mZ, dmV`mgmR>r H$m` H$aUo
hr AmnU Amnbr Z{VH$, gm_m{OH$, Am`m[_H$ d am>r` O~m~Xmar qH$dm H$V` _mZVmo. ^maV-dm{^_mZ
AmXmobZm`m gd ZrVr `mM _yi ^mdZobm CXXoeyZ V`ma H$a`mV Am`m AmhoV. `m gWoMo _w` d AIoaMo `o` Xoe d
Xoedm{g`mMo {Z:dmW ^mdmZo gdVmo^mdoZ gd H$mao {hV H$aUo d godm H$aUo Amho.

2
  AmXmobZmMo _w` {gmV 
^maV-dm{^_mZ AmXmobZmer {ZJS>rV gd ~Yy-^{JUt`m d`[VH$, H$mQw>{~H$, `mdgm{`H$, gm_m{OH$ d
am>r` OrdZm`m VrZ _w` _`mXm qH$dm {gmV AmhoV- 1. nyU nm{d`, 2. nyU ^maVr`d d 3. nyU gK{Q>V
{eV~Vm.
1. nyU nm{d` nyU nm{d`mMm AW m_w`mZo d`{VH$ d gmdO{ZH$ OrdZmV Am{WH$ d Mm[a{`H$ ewVoer
g~{YV Amho. `m AmXmobZmer {ZJS>rV gd ~Yy-^{JUr qH$dm H$m`H$`mZr `m XmoZ H$ma`m nm{d`mbm Amn`m
OrdZmV gdm}M mYm` mdo. Oo H$m`H$Vm `m VrZ _`mXm qH$dm {gmVmMo T>VoZo nmbZ H$aUma Zmhr, `mMm
AmnmoAmn `m AmXmobZmer Agbobm g~Y g_m hmoBb qH$dm g_m _mZbm OmBb.
2. nyU ^maVr`d nyU ^maVr`dmMm AW Amho H$s `m AmXmobZmMo gd H$m`H$Vm Amn`m OrdZmV dXoerMm nyU
AmJh R>odVrb. VkmZmZwgma Z ~Z{dbo`m gd {dXoer dVyMm nyU ~{hH$ma H$$. Amn`m d`{VH$, gmdO{ZH$
d am>r` OrdZm`m `oH$ jomV AmnU ^maV d ^maVr`dmbm gdm}n[a AJJ` WmZ XoD$. dXoemMm g~Y Ho$di
d qH$dm dVyer Zho, Va ho EH$ gnyU OrdZ-XeZ Amho. OoWo OoWo ^maVmMm Am_m, ^maVr` kmZ-{dkmZ, H$bm,
H$mam{Jar, gH$Vr, gm{h` d nanam Owibo`m AmhoV, Vo gdH$mhr ^maVr`d qH$dm dXoer`m {gmVmer g~{YV
Amho. ^maVr` ^mfm, ^yfm (doe^yfm), ^ofO (AmfY), ^moOZ, ^OZ (gJrV) d ^md AWmV gH$VrVr AmnU
e^a QHo$ {V~ amh. AJmoXa AmnU ^maVr` AmhmoV, ZVa qhXy, _wgb_mZ, erI, {MZ d BVa Y_mdb~r
AmhmoV. Amn`m OrdZmV am>Y_, am>^mfm d `oH$ jomV am>{hV gdmon[a amhrb.
3. nyU gK{Q>V {eV~Vm nyU gK{Q>V {eV~VoMm AW Agm H$s AmnU Amn`m ^maVr` gH$VrZwgma
"gJN>d gdXd g dmo _Zm{g OmZVm_' Mo AJXr H$mQ>oH$moanUmZo nmbZ H$$. AmnU nyU dmV` d gnyU
gm_`m{Zer Amnmn`m jomV H$m` H$$. AmnU EH$ gmYH$ d g{ZH$ AWdm EH$ `moJr d `moX`mMr ^y{_H$m nma
nmS>V Amn`m dY_ d am>Y_mMo nyUV m_m{UH$nUo nmbZ H$$, `mM~amo~a gKQ>Zomao qH$dm _w`mb`mH$Sy>Z
{ZX}{eV AmXoemMohr EH$m g`{Z> {enm`m_mUo nmbZ H$$. gKQ>Zomao AmhmZ Ho$`mda qH$dm AmXmobZ Ho$`mda
gdOU EH$OwQ>rZo gKf H$$ Am{U `edr hmoD$.
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^maVr` gK{Q>V hmoD$Z ^maVmbm OJm`m gdm}M _hmeVr`m $nmV H$m WmZmn H$$ eH$V Zmhr. Oa _yR>^a bmoH$
gK{Q>V hmoD$Z Xoembm bwQ>V AmhoV Va AmnU gd ^maVr` gK{Q>V hmoD$Z Xoembm bwQ>`mnmgyZ H$m Zmhr dmMdy eH$V?
AmnU nyUV gK{Q>V {eV~XYVoZo ^maVm`m ^> `dWobm {Z{MVM ~XbyZ Q>mHy$ Am{U ^>mMmamMm g_yi Zme H$$Z
^maVmbm EH$ e{Vembr am> ~Zdy.

 CXXoe 
^maV-dm{^_mZ AmXmobZmMo VrZ _w` CXXoe AmhoV.
1. g{WVrV MmbV Agbo`m MwH$s`m ZrVr d ^> `dWm_`o am>{hVm`m >rZo ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUUo.
2. ^>mMmamMr nyU g_mr d ^>mMmamZo bwQ>bobr XoemMr gw_mao 100 bmI H$moQ>r n`mMr YZamer dXoemV AmUUo d
{Vbm am>r` gnmr Kmo{fV H$$Z am>-{Z{_Vr d {dH$mgmV {VMm dmna H$aUoo.
3. ~oamoOJmar, J[a~r, Cnmg_mar, A^md d A{e{jVnUm B. nmgyZ _wwV dW, g_, gH$madmZ d e{Vembr
^maV {dH${gV H$aUo Am{U ^maVmbm {ddmMr _hmeVr VgoM {ddJw$`m $nmV WmZmn H$aUo.

3
  Am_n[adVZmZoo `dWm-n[adVZ 
`m `dWm-n[adVZmMr gwdmV AmnU dVnmgyZM H$am`Mr Amho AWmV Am_n[adVZmZoo `dWm-
n[adVZm`m `m AmXmobZmV VZ, _Z, Am_m, YZ d dVZmbm gnyU namYrZVmnmgyZ _wV H$adyZ gnyU dmYrZVoZo OJm`Mo
Amho. Am_-n[adVZmMm AW Amho H$s Am`m{_H$ CZVr d ^maV-dm{^_mZm`m nmM _w` ZrVt`m gX^mV Or H$m`}
AmnU dV H$am`Mr AmhoV AWmV Or H$m`} H$a`mV AmnU emgZ AWdm gaH$ma`m AYrZ Zmhr. Vo `o` d CXXo`mZm
m H$a`mgmR>r AmnU gnyU ~i AmVmnmgyZM bmdm`Mo Amho VgoM gaH$ma d emgZmVJV `dWm-n[adVZm`m Vrd
gKfmgmR>r AmnU am>mV A`V _moR>m _mUmda gK{Q>V OZeVr C^r H$am`Mr Amho.
^maV-dm{^_mZ AmXmobZmmao d^dembr d e[Vembr ^maV, {ddJw$ ^maV d {ddm`m _hme[V`m $nmV
^maVmbm WmZmn H$aUo qH$dm Am`mdV Xoembm Am`m[_H$, gm_m{OH$, Am{WH$ d amOZ{VH$ $nmZo OJmVrb EH$ AmXe
am>m`m $nmV Wm{nV H$a`mgmR>r Amn`m XmoZ H$m`-`moOZm AmhoV. EH$ XoemMr Am`m[_H$ CZVr VgoM Xwgar Am{WH$
CZVr {dm M A{dm M ..... (`OwdoX)& Xmohr H$ma`m CVrMm AmYma Amho {ZamoJr eara d {ZamoJr _mZ{gH$Vm. am>mMm
Z{VH$, Mm[a{`H$$ d Am`m[_H$ {dH$mg H$a`mV AmnU nyU dV AmhmoV Am{U hm Va AmnU nyU nwfmWmZo H$am`MmM
Amho. `m gnyU AmXmobZmZo Oohm XoemMr OZVm nyUV OmJ$H$ d gK{Q>V hmoBb Vohm `dWm-n[adVZ, Am{WH$ g_r
qH$dm gm_m{OH$ `m`mmao EH$ e[Vembr ^maVmMm AmYmaV^ V`ma hmoBb.
 Am`m{_H$ CZVr 
d{XH$ H$mi ^maVmMm gwdU H$mi qH$dm `wJ hmoVo. ^maV `oH$ jomV {ddmMm {eamo_Ur am{hbm Amho. gnyU OJ
Y_ d amOZrVrnmgyZ Va {ejU, Amamo`, H$m`Xm, H$fr d AW-`dWm B. _`o Amnbo nydO amOm, _hmamOm d F$fr-
_wZtH$Sy>Z _mJXeZ KoV Ambo Amho VgoM `m`m Z{VH$ d Am`m[_H$ ZoVdmImbr H$m` H$arV Ambo Amho. _hm^maVmZVa
Amn`m gmH${VH$, Am`m[_H$, gm_m{OH$ d amOZ{VH$ nVZmbm gwdmV Pmbr. Varhr AZoH$ H$ma`m {dZ~mYm, ~m
AmH$_U d AmV{aH$ gKf AgyZhr 18`m eVH$mn`V ^maV Am{WH$, ej{UH$ d Am`m[_H$ X>rZo OJmVrb EH$ AmXe
am> hmoVo. ho V` Va dV Q>r. ~r. _H$mboZohr {~{Q>e ggXoV 2 OmZodmar 1835 amoOr drH$mabo Am{U hQ>bo H$s "_r
^maVmV nyd}H$S>yZ n{M_, CmaoH$Sy>Z X{jU gd {R>H$mUr {\$abmo, naVw gnyU ^maVmV _bm EH$hr {^H$mar qH$dm Mmoa {Xgbm
Zmhr. ^maVmMr g_r d CM Z{VH$ _y`o nmhZ _bm Zmhr dmQ>V H$s AmnU H$Yrhr ^maVmda {dO` {_idy eHy$. Omon`V
AmnU ^maVmMm _o$XS> Am`m[_H$ d gmH${VH$ {ejU `dWo`m OmJr ho Wm{nV H$aUma Zmhr H$s {dXoer d BJOr
{ejU `dWm ^maVr` {ejU-`dWohZ A{V _hmZ Amho.
gmV`m eVH$mnmgyZ gw$ Pmbobr {dXoer AmH$_Uo d AIo[ag BJOmmao Xoemda H$a`mV Ambobo A`mMma,
A`m` d byQ>_marZo `m Xoembm nyUV Z>^> H$$Z Q>mH$bo. BJOmZr gw_mao 350 Vo 400 bmI H$moQ>r n`mMr Am{WH$ byQ>
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hmoVo, _mgmhma H$aUohr Kmoanmn _mZV hmoVo. naVw Xw>, Hy$a, {ZX`r BJOmZr 1760 _`o Xm$Mr XwH$mZo, _mgmgmR>r neyMr
H$mbImZo d `{^MmamgmR>r do`mb`o CKS>br Am{U Aem H$mao Xoembm Hy$anUmZo nyUV ^> H$$Z Q>mH$bo.
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Am`m[_H$ CVr H$am`Mr Amho. Om{VWm, hS>mWm, ~irWm d BVa T>rdmXr AkmZO` ^mV AY{ddmg
CXm.- Am^mg, OmXyQ>moUm, ^yV-noV d BVa nmIS>mnmgyZ Xoembm ~mhoa H$mT>m`Mo Amho. Xm$, V~mIy d BVa
`gZm_wio XoemMm gdZme hmoV Amho. hr Xw`gZo d dmBQ> gd`tnmgyZ `Vr, Jmd, g_mO d am>mbm _wV
H$a`mgmRr `moJm`mg, ggJ, dm`m`, gH$Vr d gH$mam`m nanaobm nwhm WmZmn H$am`Mo Amho. gmoim
gH$ma, nM_hm`k d Mma dUml_ Y_mZr `wV gmd^m{_H$ d emmoV d{XH$ gH$Vrbm nwhm gm_m{OH$
OrdZmV g_m{d> H$am`Mo Amho. Jmo-h`m, H$`m-^yUh`m, hS>m~ir B. nmn d OwJma dJao gm_m{OH$
4
AZWmnmgyZ `m Xoembm _wV H$am`Mo Amho VgoM aVXmZ, ZoXmZ d djmamonU `mgma`m nw`Xm`r H$m`mZm
mogmhZ m`Mo Amho. JmdmnmgyZ ZJa d _hmZJamn`V Amhr EH$ AH$am gyr` H$m``moOZm AmIbobr Amho. `mZwgma
JmdmnmgyZ ehamn`V `m XoemMr Z{VH$ Q>m Amn`mbm CVr H$am`Mr Amho.
Amn`mbm g`_, gXmMma, godm d gH$mamZr n[anyU VgoM `mYr d dmBQ> gd`tVyZ _wV Agm ^maV ~Zdm`Mm
Amho, OoWo lo>OZmMm gH$ma, H${Z>mda o_, g`wV Hw$Qw>~, gd Y_, mV d gXm`m`m bmoH$m_`o nana o_ d
gX^mdZoMm ^md Agob, OoWo gdOU {_iyZ-{_giyZ nyU nm{d`mZo amhVrb, l_mZo g_r dmT>dVrb VgoM gK{Q>V hmoD$Z
gnyU am>m`m {hVmMo qMVZ H$aVrb.
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Agwa{jVVm d ZjbdmX B. Mr am>r` AmhmZo AmhoV, `m gdmMo _yi H$maU Am{WH$ byQ>, ^>mMma d ^> `dWm AmhoV.
AmnU gnyU Xoedm{g`mZm `m g`mer AdJV H$ady Am{U Xoembm dmM{d`mgmR>r gd Xoedm{g`mZm gKQ>Zo`m
_m`_mVyZ gK{Q>V H$$. Oohm gK{Q>V hmoD$Z gm_y{hH$ $nmZo `m``wV _mJUr Ho$br OmBb, Vohm Xoem`m bmoH$emhr
gmobm PwH$mdo bmJob Am{U Vr amOeVr OZeVrZwgma Mmb`mgmR>r {dde hmoBb. Aem H$mao ^>mMma {_Q>dyZ, XwZuVr
d ^> `dWmMm AV H$$Z AmnU J[a~r, Cnmg_mar, A^md d A{e{jVnUm B. nmgyZ _wV Aem e{Vembr ^maVmMr
{Z{_Vr H$$.
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(H$) {ejU : 1- AmnU `moJmMo {H$`m_H$ d `mdhm[aH$ {ejU {dmb`m_`o OmD$Z XoD$ VgoM bhmZ _wbm`m
_ZmV ~mbnUrM Amn`m XoemMr ^mfm, doe-^yfm, ^moOZ, ^ofO, ^OZ, nyOm d dXZ, gH$V d gH$mamnVr
Am_JmadmMm ^md OmJV H$$ VgoM ^maVm`m Jmadembr d{U_ ^yVH$mim{df`r _wbmZm gmJyZ `m`mV
dm{^_mZmMm ^md Ody. Amnbr am>^mfm, _mV^mfm d gH$V ^mfm, dXoer doe^yfm, ^moOZ, ^ofO, gH$Vr,
gH$ma d dXoer {M{H$goVr XoemVrb _wbm_`o dm{^_mZ d Am_-JmadmMm ^md OmJV H$a`mgmR>r AmnU
{dmb`o, _hm{dmb`o dJao gd {ejU gWm_`o {e{~amMo Am`moOZ VgoM Wm`r dJ d `m`mZmmao `moJ d
^maV-dm{^_mZmMo A{^`mZ {ZaVa Mmbdy.
2- Or _wbo J[a~r, Cnmg_mar, A^md d AkmZVo_wio {ejUmnmgyZ d{MV amhVmV, `m J[a~m`m _wbmZm
PmonS>nQ>Q>rV d JmdmoJmdr OmD$Z `moJ{ejU XoD$ VgoM emim_Yrb Oo {ejH$ Amn`m H$V`mMo nmbZ H$arV
Zmhr `mZm Amn`m H$V`mVr O~m~Xma ~Z{d`mgmR>r `m`mda Jmd qH$dm g_mOmMm X~m~ AmUy.
(I) {M{H$gm `dWm : 1) {Z`{_V `moJm`mgmZo dV {ZamoJr amh`mgmR>r VgoM g_mO d am>m`m `oH$
`Vrbm {ZamoJr d gwgH$ar ~Z{d`mgmR>r nyU nwfmW H$$.
2) CnMmamV AmnH$mbrZ n[a{WVt`{V[aV gXu-nS>go, Vmn, CbQ>m, Owbm~, aVXm~, X_m, AmWamB{Q>g d
S>m`[~Q>rO `mgma`m `mYr OS>`mg nyUV dXoer CnMmamMmM AmJh Y$.
(J) H$m`Xm `dWm : Omon`V ^maVm`m H$m`Xm d `m`-`dWoV nyU n[adVZ hmoV Zmhr AWmV JwhoJmamZm XS>
VgoM m_m{UH$ d H$V`{Z> bmoH$mZm emgZmV\}$ nyU gajU d g_mZ {_iV Zmhr Vmon`V AmnU ^>mMmar,
Mm[a`hrZ d JwhoJmar dmr`m bmoH$mMm ~{hH$ma H$$ AWmV gmdO{ZH$ $nmZo Aem `VtZm AmnU AmXa
XoUma Zmhr. OoWo OoWo ^>mMma Amho `mMr VH$ma AmnU ^>mMma-{damoYr {d^mJmV H$$ VgoM _mb`m`m
{Z{H$`Vo`m {WVrV ^>mMmamMr VH$ma gai nVYmZ-H$m`mb`mV H$$. A`md`H$ dmQ>`mg _w`mb`m`m
{ZX}emZwgma ^>mMmamV JH$ `Vr, {d^mJ qH$dm _mb`m`m {damoYmV YaUo, _mZ-XeZ qH$dm ~wXYr-ewr
`kmMo Am`moOZ H$$.
2) AmnU dV H$m`mMo nmbZ H$$ VgoM A`md`H$ _VXmZm`m H$m`m{dZmhr AmnU doN>oZo gKQ>Zo`m
5
 _mJXeZmImbr am>{hVmV _VXmZ Ad` H$$.
(K) AW-`dWm : ^>mMma H$$Z d {dXoer H$n`m`m hmVr XoemMm `mnma gmondyZ `m`mer `mnmam`m
ZmdmImbr byQ>_ma H$adyZ XoemMm ngm Xoem~mhoa nmR>{dbm OmV Amho d Xoe Jar~ Am{U Xw~i ~ZV Amho.
Amn`m S>mo`mg_moa Xoe bwQ>bm OmV Amho. am>-{hVmV AmnU 100% dXoerMm AmJh ~miJy VgoM BVamZmhr
o[aV H$$. AmnU VkmZmZo Z ~Z{dbo`m EH$mhr {dXoer dVyMm dmna H$aUma Zmhr. AmnU {dXoer H$n`mMm
100%~{hH$ma H$$. H$maU Xoembm bwQ>`m`{V[aV H$moU`mhr {dXoer H$nZrZo nya, ^yH$n, XwH$mi qH$dm `y
gma`m am>r` gH$Q>m_`o AmOn`V H$moUVohr `moJXmZ {Xbobo Zmhr. AmnU EH$ n`mgwm {dXoemV OmD$ XoUma
Zmhr d ^>mMmamgma`m nmn`wV AmMaUmnmgyZ gXd Xya amhZ, nyUV Am{WH$ d Mm[a{`H$ ewVoMo nmbZ H$$.
dXoer-{dXoer H$n`m`m n[aM`mgmR>r nmoQ>a Am{U nH$ N>mndyZ g_mOmV OmJ$H$VoMo A{^`mZ Mmbdy.
{dXoer H$n`m_wio hmoUm`m Am{WH$, Mm[a{`H$, emar[aH$, gm_m{OH$ d am>r` hmZr{df`r
Xoedm{g`mZm _mJXeZ H$$ Am{U Xoembm bwQ>`mnmgyZ d Jwbm_ hmo`mnmgyZ dmMdy. Xoem`m "amoQ>r-
~oQ>r' da hmoV Agbo`m AmH$_UmnmgyZ XoemMo ajU H$$.
AmnU dXoer CmoJ gw$ H$$Z amoOJmam`m ZdZdrZ gYr CnbY H$adyZ XoD$ VgoM {Z`mVrbm dmT>dyZ Xoem`m
AW-`dWobm _O~yV H$$.
(S>) H$fr `dWm : Oa AmnU eoVH$ar AmhmV Va AmnU {dfa{hV H$fr-ZrVrMm AJrH$ma H$$Z {ZamoJr d g_
^maVm`m {Z{_VrgmR>r {V~ amh VgoM {dfmar H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ d amgm`{ZH$ IVmMm dmna Z H$aVm Zg{JH$
eoVr`m Cnm`mMm drH$ma H$$ d BVamZmhr no[aV H$$ Am{U Oa Amn`mbm [dfa{hV AZ, emH$, ^m`m d
\$imXr CnbY Pmbo Va AmnU AmJ}{ZH$ Im nXmWm`m `moJmbmM gdm{YH$ mYm` XoD$. ho Am_ajU
AWmV Amn`m Amamo`mMo ajU d am>ajUmgmR>r A`V JaOoMo Amho.
2) AmnU Ob-gajUm`m nanamJV d Zg{JH$ Cnm`mMm A{JH$ma H$$Z nm`mMm EH$-EH$ W|~ ^yJ^mV
CVa{d`mMm nyUV `Z H$$.
AmnU gKQ>Zo`m Jm_moVr d am>moVr`m CnH$_mgmR>r nyUV g_{nV amhZ H$m` H$$. AmnU gd `mYtnmgyZ
d XwJwUmnmgyZ _wV amhZ EH$ {ZamoJr, g_embr d gH$mar OrdZ OJV _hmnwf d H$m{Vdram`m dZmMm
d^dembr ^maV ~Zdy.
 Jm_-godm H$n : CnH$_ - Mbm JmdmH$S>o 
{ZamoJr, g_ d gwgH$mar Jmdm`m {Z{_VrgmR>r `moJ Am{U dm{^_mZ AmXmobZmgh Amnbr 11 gyr` H$m`-
`moOZm
1) {ZamoJr Jmd. 2) `gZ_wV gwgH$mar Jmd. 3) qhgm_wV emH$mhmar Jmd. 4) ^`_wVgX^mdZm`wV Jmd. 5)
J{bN>Vma{hV dN> Jmd. 6) A{e{jVnUm d AY{ddmga{hV AmXe Jmd. 7) A{Z`{V OZg`oZo _wV gwIr Jmd.
8) Zg{JH$ Ob-gajU d gM`m`m Cnm`mZr qg{MV Jmd. 9) ~oamoOJmar, J[a~r, Cnmg_mar Am{U A^md_wV Ago
g_embr Jmd. 10) {dfa{hV H$fr d dXoer ZrVrZo dmdb~r Jmd. 11) JmdmVrb XodWmZ qH$dm _{XamV _{h`mVyZ
EH$Xm gm_y{hH$ ggJ, ^OZ, H$sVZ, `moJm`mg B. Zr gwg{OV Ym{_H$ Jmd.
B.g.2010 d 2011 _`o JmdmnmgyZ Va bhmZghmZ IoS>o VgoM ZJao d _hmZJam_Yrb `oH$ Jbr-
~moimV, MmirV, H$mbZrV d AnmQ>_|Q> dJa|V EH$ Wm`r `moJdJ gw$ H$$Z gnyU Xoedm{g`mZm {ZamoJr
~Zdm`Mo Amho VgoM `moJ, Am`wd}X d dXoerbm bmoH$m`m OrdZ-nVrV nyUV g_m{d> H$am`Mo Amho.
`moJmMo ho Wm`r dJM Amn`m Am_-n[adVZmZo `dWm-n[adVZmMr AmYma^yV _ybeVr Agob. `oWZy M
Amn`mbm Amamo`m~amo~aM `Vr-{dH$mg d am>-{dH$mgmMo AmXmobZ gw$ H$am`Mo Amho. hmM Amho
Am_{dH$mgmVyZ am>{dH$mg, Am_moVrVyZ am>moVr, Am_OmJaUmVyZ am>OmJaU d Am_ajUmVyZ am
>ajUmn`V`m Amn`m gnyU AmXmobZmMm g{j AmT>mdm nwT>rb _mUo Amho-
6
  Am{WH$ CVr 
Am{WH$ `dWm-n[adVZmMm _yi _{VVmW Agm H$s ^m{VH$ g_r qH$dm Am{WH$ {dH$mgm{dZm H$moUVohr am> nyU
gwIr, dW, gnZ qH$dm g_embr hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. AWmOZmZoM OrdZmV gmWH$Vm `oVo VgoM AWmMm Xwn`moJ d
Ag_mZ {dVaUmZoM gd H$maMm AZW hmoVmo. AWmZoM `Vr gm_`dmZ ~ZVmo, gm_`embr `VrM OrdZmV H$mhr
H$$ eH$Vmo. Ag_W `VrMo OrdZ J[a~r, Xw:I, A^md, AkmZ, Agwa{jVVm, An_mZ d bmMmarZo n[anyU AgVo.
^maVmV YZmMr H$_VaVm Zmhr. XoemV AmOhr gw_mao 200 bmI $n`o R>odr`m $nmV {WV AmhoV VgoM
Amn`mH$S>o l_ d Zg{JH$ gnXm qH$dm ggmYZmMrhr H$mhr H$_VaVm Zmhr. XoemMo gw_mao 50 bmI H$moQ>r n`mMo gnyU
KaJwVr CnmXZ (Or.S>r.nr.) Amho VgoM emgZm`m AXmOnH$mZwgma Amn`m MwH$s`m Am{WH$ ZrVr d MwH$s`m H$a
Umbr_wio XoemV gw_mao 50 bmI H$moQ>r n`o H$m`m YZm`m $nmV O_m AmhoV. H$am`m $nmV Xoem`m {dH$mgmgmR>r
{Xbo`m YZmnH$s gw_mao 100 bmI H$moQ>r n`o H$mhr ^> d ~oB_mZ bmoH$mZr Xoem~mhoa {dg ~H$m_`o d BVa {dXoer
~H$m_`o O_m H$$Z R>odbo AmhoV. AemH$mao XoemV gw_mao 200 bmI H$moQ>r n`mMr AIyQ> YZgnXm Va Amho, naVw
^>mMma d MwH$r`m ZrVt_wio `m YZmda 99% hH$, EH$m{YH$ma qH$dm {Z`U Ho$di 1% hZhr H$_r H$mhr ^> d ~oB_mZ
bmoH$mMo Pmbo Amho. n[aUm_r Cd{aV 99% bmoH$mda A`m` hmoV Amho. `mM Am{WH$ A`m`, emofU, byQ> qH$dm
^>mMmam_wio XoemVrb gd OmVr-Y_mMo ~hVmer bmoH$ J[a~r, Cnmg_mar, A^md, A`m`, A{e{jVnUm, Agwa{jVVm d
An_mZmnX OrdZ OJ`mg bmMma AmhoV. XoemMr Xem H$mhrer Aer Amho, Ogo EH$m JmdmV 200 Q>Z Ym`monmXZ Amho.
Vo nyU Ym` JmdmVrbM H$mhr ^>, CN>Ib _mUgmZr bwQy>Z Amn`m Kam_`o qH$dm JmoXm_mV O_m H$$Z R>odbo Amho.
n[aUm_r JmdmV Ym`monmXZ AgyZhr JmdH$ar ^wHo$Zo H$mgmdrg hmoD$Z _aV AmhoV. hrM XwXem AmO Amn`m XoemMr Pmbr
Amho.
XoemVrb gd bhmZ-_moR>m OmVr, ~hg`mH$, Ang`mH$, dZdmgr, Am{Xdmgr, Jar~ d gdgm_m` bmoH$mZr
ho g_OyZ KoVbo nm{hOo H$s `mZr EH$_oH$mH$Sy>Z AWmV _wgb_mZmZm qhXyMm qH$dm qhXyZm _wgb_mZmMm YmoH$m Zmhr, Va `m
gdmZm ~oB_mZ d ^> bmoH$mnmgyZ YmoH$m Amho. `m ^> d ~oB_mZ bmoH$mZrM gdmMm hH$ {hamdyZ XoemMr gnmr bwQy>Z {dXoer
~H$m qH$dm {dg ~H$m_`o O_m H$$Z R>odbr Amho. `mM H$maUmVd g_mO qH$dm XoemV {Za{Zam`m _V, nW dm
gXm`m`m bmoH$m_`o J[a~r, Cnmg_mar, A{e{jVnUm Am{U `m`m n[aUm_d$nmV nana gKf CX^dbobm Amho.
AmnUm gdmZm Ago dmQ>Vo H$s g_mOmVrbM H$mhr EH$-XmoZ OUmZr Amnbo A{YH$ma {hamdyZ KoVbo AmhoV, naVw
dmV{dH$Vm hr Amho H$s `m ^> bmoH$mZrM XoemVrb bmoH$mZm `m`m _yi A{YH$mamnmgyZ d{MV Ho$bo Amho VgoM Xoembm
bwQy>Z X[a ~Z{dbo Amho, `mM~amo~a gm_m{OH$ `m`, g_Vm, gX^md d nana o_ gnw>mV AmUyZ g_mOmV AmnmngmV
KUm qH$dm ofmMm ^md OmJV Ho$bm Amho. `m {Xder `m ^> ~oB_mZ bmoH$mMm gnmrdarb EH$m{YH$ma g_m hmoBb d
^>mMma gnw>mV `oBb Am{U XoemMr gw_mao 150 bmI H$moQ>r n`mMr YZamer Xoem`m {dH$mgmV bmJob, Xoem`m l_ d
ggmYZmMm Cn`moJ am>{hVmV hmoBb, `m {Xder XoemMr ~oamoOJmar, J[a~r, Cnmg_mar, A^md d A{e{jVnUm B. gd
g_`mMm AV Va dVhZM hmoBb Am{U gdm`m gwI-g_rMm d gdm`m g_mZmMm _mJ _moH$im hmoBb. `m XoemMr
gnyU gnmr d ggmYZmda `m XoemVrb gd dJ, _V-nW d gd g_wXm`m`m bmoH$mMm g_mZ A{YH$ma Amho H$maU Oa Xoe
gdmMm Amho Va XoemMr gnmr d ggmYZmdahr gdmMm g_mZ A{YH$ma Amho. ^>mMmamMm Zme Pm`m{edm` OZVobm
`mMm hm _yb^yV hH$ {_iy eH$V Zmhr
Vmn` Ago H$s AmnU gdW_ ^maV-dm{^_mZ AmXmobZmZo `m Xoembm Amamo` XmZ H$arV XoemMm Z{VH$ d
Mm[a{`H$ {dH$mg H$ady B{N>Vmo Am{U `mM~amo~a `m XoemVrb gnyU ^> `dWm, MwH$s`m ZrVr d ^>mMma gnw>mV
AmUyZ EH$ d^dembr ^maV gmH$ma H$$ B{N>Vmo Am{U Amhmbm nyU {ddmg Amho H$s gd Xoe^V, m_m{UH$ d
H$V`Xj ZmJ[aH$ Am_`m `m AmXmobZmV gh^mJr hmoVrb Am{U AmnU EH$ {Xdg Ad` `edr hmoD$ d XoemVrb gnyU
g_`mMo {ZamH$aU hmoBb.
^>mMma Z> H$$Z d ^>mMmamZo bwQ>bobo Amnbo YZ XoemV AmUyZ gdmZm Am{WH$ `m` qH$dm gwI-
g_r {_idyZ Xo`mMo AWdm XoemVrb J[a~r d A{e{jVnUm dJao Xya H$a`mMo VrZ Cnm` nwT>rb_mUo
AmhoV. 7
 1) `m Am{WH$ ^>mMmamMr byQ> Wm~{d`mgmR>r, ^>mMmatZm \$serMr {ejm qH$dm _`yXS>mMm H$m`Xm ~Z{dbm
nm{hOo. hm EH$ Xoemoh Amho H$maU ^>mMmam_wioM XoemV ~oamoOJmar, J{a~r, Cnmg_mar, A[e{jVnUm, ZjbdmX
`mgma`m g_`m CX^d`m AmhoV.
2) ^>mMma H$$Z gw_mao e^a bmI H$moQ>r n`o Oo {dg ~H$ dJao {dXoer ~H$m_`o O_m AmhoV, Vo YZ XoemV Ambo
nm{hOo Am{U `mbm am>r` gnmr Kmo{fV Ho$bo nm{hOo d `m YZmMm gXwn`moJ Xoem`m gnyU {dH$mgmgmR>rM Ho$bm nm{hOo.
Oohm Xoem`m {dH$mgmgmR>r ho YZ IM hmoBb Vohm Xoem`m _yb^yV JaOm (A, d, {Zdmam, drO, nmUr, aVo, {ejU,
Amamo` d gajU) nyU hmoVrb VgoM bmoH$mZm amoOJmam`m Ag` gYr CnbY hmoVrb Am{U `m_wio XoemVrb ~oamoOJmar,
J[a~r, Cnmg_mar, A{e{jVnUm d ZjbdmX `mgma`m g_`mMo VH$mi {ZamH$aU hmoBb d ^maV EH$ {Xdg OJmVrb
gdmV _moR>r Am{WH$ eVr ~Zob. Oa Amd`H$Vm Ag`mg `mVyZM Oa 5-10 bmI H$moQ>r n`mMo h`mahr AmnU ~Zdy
eH$Vmo OoUoH$$Z OJmV Amn`mH$S>o H$moUrhr dH$>rZo nmhUma Zmhr.
3) XoemV O_m Agbobo H$mio YZ gnw>mV AmUyZ `mMm gXwn`moJ H$am`Mm Amho. `mgmR>r N>mnrb _moR>m ZmoQ>mZm
MbZm~mhoa (Egnm`a) H$a`mMm EH$ R>amd emgZmZo _Oya Ho$bm nm{hOo. `mM~amo~a `m bmoH$mH$S>o g`m nmMeo d
hOmam`m ZmoQ>m AmhoV, `m`mgmR>r 5 Vo 10 bmI n`mn`VMr H$moUVrhr EH$ aH$_ {Z{MV Ho$br nm{hOo. {VV`m
aH$_o`m `mZm bhmZ ZmoQ>m {X`m nm{hOo VgoM `m bmoH$mH$S>o 5-10 bmImhZhr OmV H$mioYZ O_m Amho, `mVyZ 5 Vo
10% qH$dm BVa H$moUVmhr `m``wV EH$ R>amdrH$ H$a KoD$Z Vr YZamer ~H$m`m _m`_mVyZ `mnma dJao H$moU`mhr
`dhmamV bmd`mMm R>amd _Oya Ho$bm nm{hOo. H$moU`mhr `VrH$S>o 1 bmImhZ OmV n`o H$e`m $nmV ZgmdoV.
AmnU Amnbm Am{WH$ `dhma ~H$mmao, Ho${S>Q> H$mS> qH$dm BVa H$m`m`m nVrZoM Ho$bm nm{hOo. `mM~amo~a
gdH$maMo H$a g_m H$$Z Ho$di 1 Vo2% Q>mOoeZ H$a dJao bmJy Ho$bm nm{hOo. `m_wio EH$sH$S>o Xoem`m {dH$mgmgmR>r
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XheVdmXmgma`m gnyU g_`mMm H$m`_Mm AV hmoBb Am{U ^maV OJmVrb gdmV _moR>m eVr`m $nmV gwg{OV
hmoBb. XoemVrb bmoH$mMo YZ am>m`m {dH$mgmgmR>r Cn`moJmV AmUVm `oBb. Xoem`m {dH$mgmgmR>r Amn`mbm {dXoer
H$n`m`m YZmMr JaO Zmhr, `mCbQ> AmnU Amn`m XoemVrb YZmZoM XoemoVr`m gd `moOZm nyU H$$ eH$Vmo.
hr VrZ H$m`} H$a`mgmR>r gaH$mabm H$m`Xo ~Zdmdo bmJVrb. ho H$m_ H$mhr gKQ>Zm qH$dm `Vr H$$ eH$V Zmhr.
ho VrZ H$m`Xo ~Z{d`mgmR>r gaH$mada Amhr OZeVr`m gK{Q>V $nmV X~md AmUy Am{U Oa gaH$maZo Varhr am
>{hVm`m >rZo Am_Mr _mJUr _m` Ho$br Zmhr Va Amhr `dWm ~Xb`mgmR>r gmm{YemZm ~Xb`mVhr Amhr _mJo-
nwT>o nmhUma Zmhr Am{U `m bmoH$m`m hmVr gmm gmondy Oo ho VrZ H$m`Xo ~ZdVrb d `dWm-n[adVZm`m Am_`m gnyU
gH$nZobm _yV$n Xo`mgmR>r H$m` H$aVrb.
 `dWm-n[adVZmMr $naofm 
am>{hVm`m >rZo gdmMr g_r, gdmMm g_mZ `m CXXo`m`m nyVVogmR>r, gnyU dmV`mgh Xoem`m H$m`-
Umbrbm gwairV H$a`mgmR>r g{WVrVrb BJOr emgZ nV d H$m`mZm ~XbUo A`md`H$ Amho, VohmM I`m
AWmZo dmV` Wm{nV hmoBb. AmO Va dV ^maVmVhr BJOr emgZ nXYVrMm dmna Ho$bm OmV Amho.
1. g{WVrVrb BJOr emgZ nV, H$m`Xo qH$dm `dWobm ~Xb`mgmR>r d am>-{hVm`m >rZo ZdrZ dXoer
emgZ nV d H$m`Xo XoemV bmJy H$a`mgmR>r bmoH$g^oV ~h_V nm{hOo VgoM ~h_VmgmR>r bmoH$emhrV OZVoMo
~h_V AgUo JaOoMo Amho. H$moUr {H$Vrhr _moR>r gm_m{OH$ qH$dm Am`m{_H$ gWm, _hmZmV _hmZ `Vr AWdm
H$moUr na_ Vndr-g`mgr d `moJr H$m AgoZm, ho gdOU g_mOmV AmXmobZ Va N>oSy> eH$VmV, naVw H$m`mMr
{Z{_Vr H$$ eH$V Zmhr. bmoH$emhrV H$m`Xm ~Z{d`mMm EH$_od A{YH$ma {Z`wV gaH$maH$S>oM AgVmo.
2. OZVo`m ~h_VmgmR>r OZ-OmJVr A{^`mZ Mmbdm`Mo Amho. `moJ d dm{^_mZ-AmXmobZmbm XoemVrb `oH$
JmdmVrb KamoKar KoD$Z Om`Mo Amho. {_eZ 2014 gmR>r gnyU ^maVdm{g`mZm gK{Q>V H$am`Mo Amho. ^maV-
dm{^_mZ gXd EH$ gm_m{OH$ d Am`m{_H$ gKQ>ZM amhrb. `mM~amo~a {Z:dmW ^mdZoZo XoemVrb bmoH$m`m
8
 H$`mUmgmR>r gKQ>Zo`m dVrZo `dWm-n[adVZm`m gH$nZobm _yV$n Xo`mgmR>r {V~ bmoH$m`m bmoH$g^m
{ZdS>UwH$sV Ano{jV $nmV Zmdo R>a{dbr OmVrb Am{U gnyU gKQ>Zm ^> `dWobm ~Xb`mgmR>r d ^>mMma
{_Q>{d`mgmR>r `mMo g_WZ H$aob. gmm d gnmr`m bmo^ZmnmgyZ Xya amhZ ^>mMmamMr g_mr d `dWm-
n[adVZmgmR>r lo> ZoVd V`ma H$aUo VgoM `mbm gmo`m AJWmZr nmohmoM{dUo Am_Mo `o` Amho. Oa ~hVmer ^>
d ~oB_mZ bmoH$ Amn`m Xoemda emgZ H$aVmV, Va hr H$moQ>dYr Xoe^V ^maVr`mgmR>r A`V bOmnX d
An_mZmnX ~m~ Amho.
3. gnyU Xoembm gK{Q>V H$a`mgmR>r `oH$ {OmV 1000 Vo 2000 {d{e> g^mgX VgoM 10,000 Vo 20,000
H$m`H$mm g^mgX V`ma H$am`Mo AmhoV. B.g. 2010 Vo 2011 n`V `oH$ JmdmV H$_rV H$_r 2 `moJ-[ejH$
{Z`wV H$$Z `m{JH$ {ejUmMo {Z`{_V dJ gw$ H$am`Mo AmhoV, `mM~amo~a ^maV-dm{^_mZm`m Jm_-
g{_`mhr gK{Q>V H$am``m AmhoV. gnyU XoemV 11 bmI 50 hOma `moJ-{ejH$ V`ma Ho$bo OmVrb, Oo {Z`{_V
`m{JH$ [ejUmMo dJ MmbdVrb. EH$ `moJ-{ejH$ 1000 bmoH$mZm {ZamoJr, {Z`gZr d gwgH$mar ~Z{dV am
>{hVmgmR>r `mZm gK{Q>V H$a`mMo H$m` H$aob. B.g.2010 _`o m_w`mZo VrZ CXXoe {Z[MV Ho$bobo AmhoV- (1)
OmVrV OmV `moJ-{ejH$ V`ma H$aUo, (2) {Z`{_V `m{JH$ {ejUm`m dJmMr g`m dmT>{dUo, (3) ^maV-
dm{^_mZ AmXmobZmMo OmVrV OmV g^mgX V`ma H$aUo.
^maV-dm{^_mZ AmXmobZm`m _w` ZrVr AWdm `dWm-
n[adVZmMo g{j d$n
^maVmbm A{e{jVnUm, `mYr, ~oamoOJmar, J[a~r, Cnmg_mar, A^md, emofU, Agwa{jVVm, A`m` d Am{WH$
Jwbm_{JarnmgyZ _wVr {_idyZ Xo`mgmR>r d ^maVmMr gnyU XwXem d X`Zr` AdWm {_Q>{d`mgmR>r ^maVm`m
g{WVrVrb _w` nmM ZrVr d `dWm_`o gnyU qH$dm Am_wbmJ n[adVZmMr A`V Amd`H$Vm Amho, Or Aem H$mao
Amho- {ejU, {M{H$gm, H$m`Xm, AW d H$fr g~Yr ZrVr d `dWm. {ejU, Amamo` d H$m`Xm B. `dWmMo W_
UoVm d gemoYZH$Vm _hfu nm{UZr, MaH$, gwlVy , YdVar d _hfu _Zy d MmU` B. F$fr-_wZr hmoV.o gnU
y OJ Amn`m
nydOmH$Sy>Z `oH$ jomV _mJXeZ {_i{dV Ago. Amn`m nydOmMo CV OrdZ, kmZ d gXMm[a` AgyZhr dV ^maVmV
MwH$s`m {dXoer emgZ nV d ^> `dWm AgUo hr Amn`m nydOmgmR>r d AmnUm gd Xoedm{g`mgmR>r A`V
bOmnX d An_mZmnX ~m~ Amho.
(H$) {ejU `dWm
1. _y`mda AmYm[aV gH$mamgh ^maVr` ^mfm_`o gnyU {ejU `dWoMr {Z{_Vr H$am`Mr Amho. {dkmZ, J{UV,
VkmZ, `dWm-gMmbZ, A{^`m[H$, {M{H$gm d emgH$s` B. gd H$maMo {ejU am>^mfm d BVa mXo{eH$
^maVr` ^mfm_`oM Agbo nm{hOo. hr gnyU `dWm Amhr H$mb~ [aVrZo bmJy H$$. Ago Pm`mda EH$ Jar~
_Oya d eoVH$`mMm _wbJmhr S>mQ>a, BOr{ZAa, emk, Am`.E.Eg., Am`.nr.Eg. d A{YH$mar B. ~Zy eHo$b
Am{U XoemVrb gd bmoH$mZm g_mZ $nmV AJoga hmo`mMr gYr {_iy eHo$b.
2. {dmb`, _hm{dmb` d {dd{dmb`m`m Vamda {ejUm~amo~aM `m{JH$ {ejUmMm A`mgH$_hr gw$
H$am`Mm Amho, OoUoH$$Z XoemMo ~mbnU d Vm` gwa{jV amhrb Am{U {dm`mMm emar[aH$, _mZ{gH$, ~m{H$ d
Mm[a{H$ $nmZo gdmJrU {dH$mg hmoBb OoUoH$$Z Amn`mbm VU-VUrZm `gZ, dmgZm, qhgm d AnamYmnmgyZ
dmMdyZ `mZm EH$m AmXe ZmJ[aH$m`m $nmV {dH${gV H$aVm `oD$ eHo$b.
3. AmnU {ejUm`m `mnmarH$aUmbm g_m H$$ VgoM Jar~, lr_V, gd dJ, OmV d nWm`m bmoH$mZm {ejUmMm
g_mZ A{YH$ma {_idyZ XoD$, H$maU {ejUM H$moU`mhr am>m`m {dH$mgmMm _yi AmYma Amho. A{ejU d
A^mdM XoemMr J[a~r, J{bN>Vm, Cnmg_mar, emofU, A`m`, ~oamoOJmar d OZg`m dmT> `mgma`m dbV
g_`mMo gdmV _moR>o H$maU Amho.
9
4. ^maVmV MmbV Agbo`m {ejU nVrMo d$n gw_mao 200 dfmnydu Q>r.~r. _H$mbomao ^maVmbm eVH$mZweVHo$
Jwbm_ ~ZdyZ R>od`mgmR>r V`ma H$a`mV Ambo hmoVo. _H$mbobm ho g` `Wm`mo` [aVrZo R>mD$H$ hmoVo H$s Imb`m
XOmMo qH$dm hrZ Mm[a`mMo bmoH$ H$Yrhr CM Mm[a`m`m bmoH$mZm Jwbm_ ~Zdy eH$V Zmhr. _H$mboZo hQ>bo hmoVo
"We must do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom
we govern; a class of persons, Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in
words and in intellect" (Macaulay 1835)
AWmV _H$mbobm R>mD$H$ hmoVo H$s ^maVmV bmJy Ho$bo`m BJOr {ejU nVrVyZ [ejU KoD$Z ~mhoa nS>Umao {dmWu
$n, aJ, aV d earamZo ^maVr` Am{U {dMma, AmMaU, _m`Vm d Am`mZo BJO AgVrb. _H$mbomao {Z{_V
^maVm`m dV_mZ {ejU-UmbrV ^maVr`mMm dm{^_mZ d Am_g_mZ Z> H$a`mgmR>r VgoM XoemVrb _wbmMo
Z{VH$ d Mm[a{`H$ nVZ H$a`mgmR>r ^maVr`m`m _Z-~wrV ~mbnUmnmgyZM Amn`m nydOmMo kmZ, OrdZ d
Mm[a`m{df`r EH$m fS>`mZwgma ImoQ>m, H$mn{ZH$, {ZaWH$ d An_mZmnX Jmo>r {eH${d`m OmV AmhoV,
n[aUm_r ^maVr` `oH$ Jmo>rV n{M_r bmoH$mZm AWmV BJOmZm VgoM nm{M_m` {dMma, XeZ Am{U gH$Vrbm
gdlo> _mZyZ dVMr d Amn`m nydOmMr KUm H$$ bmJbo AmhoV. dmV`m`m `m 63 dfmZVahr ho K{UV d
An_mZmnX fS>` Amn`m {ejU-UmbrV EH$m H$bH$m_mUo AmOn`V gw$M Amho. AmnU `m fS>`mbm
nyUV g_m H$$Z gnyU {ejU-UmbrMo ^maVr`H$aU qH$dm dXoerH$aU H$$.
5. gnyU Xoedm{g`mZm g_mZ $nmV mW{_H$ d CM {ejU {_idyZ Xo`mgmR>r XoemVrb `oH$ JmdmV EH$
CMVar` A`mYw{ZH$ {dmb` VgoM `oH$ {OmV H$_rV H$_r EH$m {dd{dmbmMr C^maUr H$$. Aem
H$mao gnyU XoemV gw_mao 6 bmI CMVar` {dmb`o d H$_rV H$_r 600 CMVar` {dd{dmb`mMr WmnZm
H$$. {ejUm~amo~aM eara, d^md Am{U g_mOmer {ZJS>rV Aem {d{dY {df`m`m gemoYZ H$m`mbm Amhr
gdm}M mYm` XoD$. ^maVmMr {V^m, gnXm d {V>obm AmnU gwa{jV d g_m{ZV H$$, VohmM `mMr
nbm`ZdmXrVm Wm~ob Am{U EH$m e{Vembr ^maVmMr {Z{_Vr e` hmoBb. ^mfo`m Vamdarb Am_Mm {gmV
n> Amho H$s W_ H$_mH$mda am>r` EH$Vm, AIS>Vm d dm{^_mZmgmR>r am>^mfm, Xwg`m H$_mH$mda _mV^mfm,
{Vg`m H$_mH$mda gH$V-^mfm VgoM Mm`m H$_mH$mda BJOr, \|$M, O_Z, OnmZr d BVa {dXoer ^mfm Ag`m
nm{hOo.
(I) {M{H$gm ZrVr qH$dm `dWm
1. XoemVrb 90 Vo 99% AmOmamdarb Cnm` qH$dm `mYtdarb CnMma AmnU Amn`m nanamJV {M{H$gm nVrZo
H$$. e` {M{H$gm qH$dm AmnH$mbrZ {M{H$gm gJr AmnU {dXoer {M{H$gm nVtMm Aml` KoD$. Amhr
AbmonWrMr OrdZajH$ AmfYo qH$dm AmYw{ZH$ {M{H$gm emmMo$ kmZ d AZwgYmZmMo {damoYr Zmhr. dXoer
CnMma Wm`r, dV, gwb^, ghO, {ZXm}f, gdmJrU d nyUV emr` Amho VgoM Xadfu hmoV Agbobm bmImo-
H$moQ>dYr n`mMm Am{WH$ An`` d AmfYm`m KmVH$ Xw^mdmnmgyZhr Xoembm dmMdm`Mo Amho. BJOm`m
emgZH$mimnmgyZM {VaH$ma d Cnojm PobV Agbo`m dXoer {M{H$gm {d^mJmMm dV ^maVm`m gaH$maZohr
Kmoa An_mZ Ho$bm Amho. AmnU dXoer {M{H$gm nVtZm gdm} mYm` XoD$.
2. `moJ, Am`wd}X, mH${VH$-{M{H$gm, {g d `yZmZr B. ^maVr` {M{H$gm nVtda AmnU emr` gemoYZ H$$.
br{ZH$b H$Q>mob d Q>m`b Am{U OoZo{Q>H$ [agM B. H$a`mgmR>r AmnU ^maVmV CMVar` gemoYZ gWm d
A`mYw{ZH$ {M{H$gH$s` {dd{dmb`mMr WmnZm H$$. `m_wio EH$sH$S>o XoemV Xadfu hmoV Agbobm gw_mao 7
bmI H$moQ>r n`mhZhr OmV n`mMm An`` Wm~{dVm `oBb, Va XwgarH$S>o CnMmamnmgyZ d{MV Agbo`m
H$moQ>dYr bmoH$mZmhr Amamo` XmZ H$aVm `oBb.
3. AmfYm`m jomV hmoV Agbo`m OJmVrb gw_mao 50 bmI H$moQ>dYr n`m`m `mnmamV AmnU ^maVmbm gh`moJ
H$$ Am{U AmnU H$_rV H$_r 10 Vo 20 bmI H$moQ>r n`o XoemgmR>r {dXoemVyZ O_dy. {H$Vr _moR>o XwXd Amho H$s
dmV`m`m 63 dfmZVahr AmnU EH$gwm AmfYmMm "noQ>Q>' {_idy eH$bmo Zmhr. AmnU OS>r-~wQ>r, `moJ d
10
 Am`wd}Xm`m gnyU {M{H$gm nVtdarb gemoYZmbm gdm}M mYm` XoD$Z gnyU OJmVrb {M{H$gm-jomV
^maVmMr EH$ A`V g_mZH$maH$ {V>m ~Zdy.
(J) H$m`Xm-`dWm
1. BJOmmao Xoembm bwQ>`mgmR>r, emofU H$a`mgmR>r d eVH$mZweVHo$ Jwbm_ ~ZdyZ R>od`mgmR>r ~Z{dbobo 34,735
H$m`Xo VH$mi g_m H$$Z gnyU Xoedm{g`mZm gm_m{OH$ gajU d `m` {_idyZ Xo`mgmR>r ZdrZ H$m`mMr
{Z{_Vr H$am`Mr Amho.
2. ^>mMmar, ~bmH$mar, XheVdmXr, ^ogi H$aUmao VgoM {dfmar XyfU nga{dUm`mZm _`wXS> qH$dm AmOrdZ
VwJdmg `mgmaIo H$R>moa XS> Xo`mgmR>r ZdrZ H$m`mMr {Z{_Vr H$a`mV Am{U `m JwhoJmamZm XS> {_i`mV Cera
hmoD$ Z`o `mgmR>r {Ohm qH$dm am` Vamda {deof `m`mb`mMr WmnZm H$am`Mr Amho. OoWo 2 Vo 3 _{h`mV
gwZmdUr H$$Z XS>m_H$ H$m`dmhr nyU H$aVm `oD$ eHo$b. gOZmZm g_mZ d gajU VgoM JwhoJmamZm XS> Z
{_im`m_wioM XoemV gm_m{OH$ A`m`, Agwa{jVVm d A{ddmgmMr ^mdZm OmJV hmoVo.
3. AmnU gVr`m _VXmZmMm H$m`Xm ~ZdyZ gmoda OZVoMm nyU AHw$e R>ody Am{U gaH$mabm gdoXZhrZ hmo`mnmgyZ
dmMdyZ O~m~Xma ~Zdy. gVr`m _VXmZm`m H$m`m_wio amOH$maUmVrb JwhoJmarH$aU d nVZ EH$mM {XdgmV
Wm~y eHo$b.
4. g{WVrV MmbV Agbobo 64 `j d A`j H$a g_m H$$Z EH$_od gw_mao 2% Q>mOoeZ H$a bmJy H$$.
`m_wio XoemV gwI, g_r d ggmYZo dmT>Vrb Am{U XoemVrb bmoH$ lr_V hmoVrb. XoemVrb _hmJmB d J[a~r Xmohr
EH$mM doir Xya hmoBb. A{V H$am_wioM dVy _hmJS>m hmoVmV VgoM XoemVrb gm_m` ZmJ[aH$mMr gnVm H$_r
hmoVo.
5. ggXoV EH$ H$m`Xm _Oya H$adyZ _moR>m ZmoQ>m N>mnUo ~X H$am`Mo Amho VgoM N>mnrb _moR>m ZmoQ>mZm naV Ko`mMr
`dWm-{Z{_Vr H$am`Mr Amho. N>mnrb ZmoQ>m`m H$mb_`mXoMm {Z`_ {~Z{dbm nm{hOo. `m_wio XoemV O_m Agbobo
H$mio YZ EH$m R>amdrH$ H$mbmdYrn`VM ~Ho$V O_m H$aVm `oD$ eHo$b , ZmhrVa `mMr _wXV (d{b{S>Q>r) gnyZ
OmBb. _moR>m ZmoQ>m N>mnUo ~X Pm`mda Oohm bhmZ ZmoQ>m AWmV Xhm-drg qH$dm nmg n`mMoM ~hVmer MbZ
Xoem`m ~mOmamV M{bV hmoBb Vohm `m bhmZ ZmoQ>mZm bmImo-H$moQ>dYr n`mMr bmM Xo`mgmR>r dmna H$aUo
VgoM bmM {X`mZVa `m bhmZ ZmoQ>mZm bn{dUo Ae` hmoBb. AmH$mamZo bhmZ dVybm Va bn{dVm `oD$ eH$Vo,
CXm.-gwB, gm`H$b dJao naVw AmH$mamZo _moR>r dVy CXm.- {d_mZ, hmr dJao B. Zm bndyZ R>odUo Ae` Amho.
AJXr AemM H$mao bhmZ ZmoQ>mMr g`m OmV Ag`mZo `mMm _moR>m AmH$ma Pm`m_wio `mZm _moR>m _mUmda
bn{dUo Ae` Amho. Oa H$moUr VH$ XoBb H$s _moR>m ZmoQ>m Z {_im`mg bmoH$ bmM$nmV gmoZo, MmXr d {hao
`mgma`m _m`dmZ dVyMm dmna H$$ bmJVrb _J ^>mMma H$gm Wm~ob? `mda Amnbo n> Cma Amho H$s MbZ
(n`o) {dZm `mnma, {d{Z_` e` Zmhr, {hao d gmoZo dJao IaoXr H$a`mgmR>rhr n`mMmM dmna H$amdm bmJob.
bmM Xo`mgmR>r bhmZ ZmoQ>m EH$m {R>H$mUmhZ Xwg`m {R>H$mUr KoD$Z Om`mgmR>r d ZH$br MbZmMm eoOmarb XoemVyZ
^maVmV {eaH$md H$a`mgmR>rhr _moR>o Q>H$ AWdm AmJJmS>mMm dmna H$amdm bmJob, Omo H$Yrhr e` hmoD$ eH$Uma
Zmhr. hUyZ AmnU `m {ZH$fmda `oD$Z nmohmoMVmo H$s ^>mMma, H$mio YZ d ZH$br MbZ {dew $nmV _moR>m
ZmoQ>mMrM XoUJr Amho. Oohm _moR>o MbZ Xoem`m ~mOmamV MbZmVM `oUma Zmhr Va `m g_`m AmnmoAmnM Z>
hmoVrb. ZH$br MbZ XoemV ngadyZM XheVdmXr `m nemZr h`ma IaoXr H$$Z XoemV XheVdmX nga{dVmV.
hUyZ _moR>o MbZ Zg`mZo XheVdmXmdahr {Z`U R>odVm `oBb VgoM `m_wio H$mio YZ, ^>mMma, ZH$br MbZ d
XheVdmX `m Mmahr g_`mMm EH$mM doir AV hmoBb. Oa _moR>m MbZm`m gX^mV H$moUr Agm VH$ {Xbm H$s
`m_wio MbZ AmU`mV d KoD$Z Om`mV (H$ar H$a`mV) VgoM XodmU-KodmU (Q>mOoeZ) _`o g_`m CX^dy
eH$Vo. ...Va `mMo Cma ho Amho H$s AmnU Amn`m ~H$sJ Umbrbm gwT> H$$ VgoM gd _moR>o XodmU-KodmUrMo
`dhma ~Ho$mao qH$dm H$On (Ho${S>Q>-H$mS>) AWmV "bmpQ>H$ _Zr' `m _m`_mVyZ Ho$bo Va hr g_`m CX^dyM
eH$Uma Zmhr.
11
6. bS> Edr{OeZ AQ> (^y_r A{YJhU H$m`Xm) `mV nyUV gemoYZ H$$Z AmnU XoemMo AXmVm eoVH$`mZm
^y{_hrZ hmo`mnmgyZ d Am_h`m H$a`mnmgyZ dmMdy. A`md`H$ n[a{WVrVM am>{hVm`m H$m`mgmR>r
eoVH$`mMr O_rZ Vm`mV KoVbr nm{hOo. AmnU CmoJnVtZm bm^ nmohmoM{d`mgmR>r H$moQ>dYr n`mMr O_rZ
A`n XamV qH$dm _mo\$V _moR>_moR>m H$n`mZm XoD$Z ^>mMma H$$ XoUma Zmhr.
7. Jmoh`m {ZfoYmMm H$m`Xm ~ZdyZ AmnU ^maV _mVo`m H$nmir AgUmam Jmo_mVo`m h`oMm H$bH$ {_Q>dy. AmnU
Xoedm{g`mZmhr nana EH$_oH$m`m g_mZmgmR>r H$mhr {ZXm}f m`mMo _mg Z Im`mMm gbm XoD$$. Oa EH$ VwN>
mUr Sw>H$amMo _mg Z Im`mZo Amnbo _wgb_mZ ~Yy VgoM gdmgmR>r Cn`moJr Aer n{d Jm` {Obm ~hVmer bmoH$
XodVm _mZyZ nyOm H$aVmV `m JmBMo _mg Z Im`mZo Oa H$moQ>dYr ^maVr`mZm ( qhXy, erI, OZ d ~m B.)
g_mZ d gVm {_iVo Va Amn`m _wgb_mZ ~YyZrhr H$_rV H$_r ^maVmV `mMo _mg Z Im`mMm gm_y{hH$ gH$n
H$amdm. `m_wioM XoemV A`{YH$ am>r` EH$m_VoMm ^md dmT>rg bmJob Am{U {ZXm}f Ordm`m h`oMr eIbmhr
VwQ>ob.
(K) AW-`dWm
1. AmnU n`mMo Ad_y`Z Wm~{d`mgmR>r Aem emgZ nVrMr {Z{_Vr H$$ H$s `m_wio n`mbm S>mba d nmS>`m
~amo~arZo JUVm `oD$ eHo$b, Or gw_mao 15 AmJQ> 1947 `m H$mimV hmoVr.
2. AmnU dXoer AW-`dWobm gwXT> H$$Z Xadfu hmoV Agbobm bmImo, H$moQ>dYr n`mMm An`` ~X H$$.
`mM~amo~a AmnU dXoer AW-`dWoMm AJrH$ma H$$Z AWmV Xwg`m XoemV {Z`mV dmT>dyZ d Am`mV KQ>dyZ
Xadfu H$_rV H$_r 20 Vo 30 bmI H$moQ>r n`o {dXoer MbZ Amn`m XoemV AmUyZ Xoembm g_ d d^dembr
~Zdy.
3. AmnU Jmd d {Ombm H|$WmZr R>odyZ Xoem`m {dH$mg-`moOZm V`ma H$$. `m_wio `oH$ Jmdm`m {h`mV
gamgar Xadfu 3 H$moQ>r n`o d EH$m nMdm{fH$ `moOZoV EH$m Jmdm`m {dH$mgmgmR>r gw_mao 15 H$moQ>r n`o IM H$$.
AemH$mao EH$m {OmV df^amV gw_mao 2 hOma H$moQ>r n`o VgoM EH$m nMdm{fH$ `moOZoV AmnU EH$m {OmV
gamgar 10 hOma H$moQ>r n`o {dH$mg H$m`mgmR>r IM H$$. Oa Aem H$mao Amnbr AW-`dWm Agob Va XoemV
EH$hr `Vr ~oamoOJma, Jar~ d A^mdJV hmoUma Zmhr. gnyU XoemMm g_mZ $nmV H$moUVmhr njnmV d ^oX^md Z
hmoVm {dH$mg Pmbm Va ZjbdmXmgma`m g_`mMm AmnmoAmn AV hmoBb Am{U XoemMo gw_mao 250 {Oho Oo AmO
ZjbdmXm`m AZrV hmoaniV AmhoV, Vogwm g_ hmoVrb. gnyU XoemV gwI-emVr-g_r ZmXob. dZdmgr d
Am{Xdmgr ~hg`mH$ {OmV Ag_mZ {dVaU, A{e{jVnUm, A^md, ~oamoOJmar, J[a~r, Cnmg_mar hm Amn`m
MwH$s`m emgZ nVr d ^> `dWmMmM n[aUm_ Amho Am{U `m ^Q> `dWo_wioM Amn`m XoemMo gw_mao 250
{Oho ZjbdmXm`m AZrV hmoaniV AmhoV.
4. AmnU Xoem`m ~OoQ>Mm 20% ngm emgZ `dWm gwairV H$a`mV VgoM 80% ngm Xoem`m {dH$mg H$m`mV
AWmV drO, nmUr, aVo, A, d, {Zdmam, {ejU, Amamo` d gajU `mgma`m _yb^yV gw{dYm {dH${gV
H$a`mV IM H$$ Am{U ^maVmbm g`wV am> gKm`m _mZdr` {dH$mg Vam`m gyMrV (`yZmBQ>oS> Zoeg H$s y_Z
So>dbn_|Q> [anmoQ>) AJWmZr {V>rV H$$. g`wV am>gKm`m [anmoQ>mV ^maVmMo Zmd 134 `m H$_mH$mda `oUo hr
gd Xoedm{g`mgmR>r bOmnX ~m~ Amho. AmnU ^maVmbm A_o[aH$m, {~Q>Z, H$ZS>m d OnmZ `mgma`m OJmVrb
{dH${gV Xoem`m loUrV C^o H$$. AmnU Agm ^maV ~Zdy H$s `m ^maVmda AmnUm gd ^maVr`mZm Va Jd hmoBbM
naVw gnyU OJhr Amn`mH$S>o g_mZm`m >rZo nmhrb. hmM Amho Amnbm _yb-_ gdmMr g_r, gdmMm
g_mZ. ^maVmMr g_r, ^maVmMm dm{^_mZ. AmnU am`nmb, am` g^m d {dYmZ n[afX `mgma`m amOZ{VH$
`dWm UmbrMr nwZWmnZm H$$ VgoM H|$XmVhr ajU, aodo, {dXoe, {dm _mZd ggmYZ, ehar CS>S>mU, gMma,
H$fr, Ob ggmYZ, am>r` amO_mJ (^yVb n[adhZ) d Jh _mb` B. _w` _mb`mZm gmoSy>Z Cd[aV gd
_mb`m`m eVrMo {dH|$rH$aU H$$Z am`mZm OmVrV OmV eVr, gnZVm, A{YH$ma d H$V` {_idyZ XoD$.
12
 `mM~amo~a bmoH$g^m d {dYmZg^o`m {ZdS>UwH$m EH$mMdoir H$$Z XoemVrb H$moQ>dYr n`mMm An`` Wm~dy.
AmnU amOH$maUmbm O~m~Xma ~Z{d`mgmR>r nVYmZmMr gai Zo_UyH$ OZVoH$Sy>Z H$a{d`mMm H$m`Xm ~Zdy,
OoUoH$$Z bmoH$emhrV eVrMo gdm}M H|$ gdm{YH$ma-gnZ `Vr EImm {deof `VrMm Jwbm_ Z hmoVm gnyU
Xoedm{g`mMo {hV-qMVZ H$$ eHo$b. OJmV ^maVmMo ZmJ[aH$ d Amn`m MbZmMr {V>m KQ>`m_mJohr Amn`m
MwH$s`m emgZ nVrM m_w`mZo O~m~Xma AmhoV. AmO ^maVmMr X`Zr` Xem qH$dm {ddgZr`VoMm Va hm Amho
H$s$ EH$-XmoZ Xoe gmoSy>Z OJmVrb bhmZmV bhmZ Xoehr Amn`mbm {hgm{edm` Amn`m XoemV doemMr nadmZJr
XoV Zmhr, `mCbQ> A_o[aH$m d {~Q>Z`m ZmJ[aH$mZm OJmVrb EH$-XmoZ Xoe gmoSy>Z BVa Hw$R>ohr {hgmMr JaO nS>V
Zmhr.
5. `oH$ JmdmV EH$ bKy, H$mhr KaJwVr CmoJ d `oH$ {OmV EH$ _moR>m Ammo{JH$ n[aga {dH${gV H$$Z AmnU
`oH$ Jmd d {Ombm dmdb~r d Am_{Z^a ~Zdy. AemH$mao AmnU gnyU XoemV 6 bmI 38 hOma 365
Jmdm_`o bKy d KaJwVr CmoJ d {OmV gw_mao 600 hZhr OmV Ammo{JH$ n[agamMr {Z{_Vr H$$ VgoM `mMr
gwajm d gajUmgmR>r {deof H$m`Xmhr ~Zdy Am{U `mM CmoJmnmgyZ doJir CnmXZ-{Z{_Vr H$$Z AmnU Amnbr
{Z`mV dmT>dy. Amn`m `m dXoer AW-`dWo`m ZrVrMm AJrH$ma H$$Z ^maV OJmMr Am{WH$ _hmeVr ~Zob.
CXmarH$aU d OmJ{VH$sH$aUm`m ZrVr_wio XoemMo 100 bmI H$moQ>rhZhr OmV ZwH$gmZ Pmbobo Amho VgoM Xoem`m
MbZmMo dmV`m`m 63 dfmV nmS>`m VwbZoV 80 nQ>rZo Ad_y`Z Pmbobo Amho. ...Va `m 63 dfm`m Am{WH$
ZrVr Amn`mbm 80 df} _mJo KoD$Z Jo`m AmhoV, Oa `mbmM dmV` hUVmV Va _J Jwbm_{Jar H$embm
hUVmV? dmV`m`m `m 63 dfmV dmQ>Vo H$s Mohao ~Xbbo AmhoV, Mm[a`, ZrVr d `dWm ~Xb`m ZmhrV,
hUyZ nydu {dXoer byQ>V Ago AmVm Amn`mM XoemVrb bmoH$mMo hmV Xoe byQ>V Amho Am{U AmnU _mZ amhZ Xoembm
bwQy> XoV AmhmoV. AmVm CR>m, OmJo hm Am{U XoemMr gnyU `dWm ~Xb`mgmR>r ^maV-dm{^_mZ AmXmobZmer
nyUV gK{Q>V hmoD$Z gO hm. AmVm XoemMr Xem BVH$s X`Zr` Pmbr Amho H$s bhmZghmZ gwYmaUm qH$dm
gemoYZmZr H$m_ hmoUma Zmhr. AmVm Va Omon`V nyU `dWm ({gQ>_) ~XbUma Zmhr Vmon`V H$mhr gm` hmoUma
Zmhr Am{U XoemMr XwXemhr {_Q>Uma Zmhr. hUyZ `m AmnU gd {_iyZ EH$ ZdrZ B{Vhmg aMy Am{U ^maVmbm
OJmMr gdm}M _hmeVr ~Zdy. BJO d BJOr nVrMo Jwbm_ `m amOZ{VH$ njmZr `m XoemMo Iyn _moR>o ZwH$gmZ
Ho$bobo Amho. AmVm Va `mnmgyZ dVbm dmMdm Am{U EH$ ZdrZ B{Vhmg aMm. amOZ{VH$ njmH$S>o Xoem`m gnyU
d gdmJrU {dH$mgm`m Zm ZrVr AmhoV Zm `mMr dVMr ZrVr R>rH$ Amho. H$moUr Mohao XmIdyZ _V _mJVmZm {XgVmo
Va H$moUr Y_ d gXm`mMr AmJ bmdyZ Xoembm OmiV Xoembm VmoS>`mMo fS>` H$aVmZm {XgVmo. XoemMm {dH$mg
Moh`mZr Zho,Mm[a`mZo hmoVmo.
(S>) H$fr-`dWm
1. AmnU XoemVrb `oH$ eoVH$`m`m eoVmbm nmUr, drO, JV ~r-{~`mUo, Zg{JH$ H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ d hm{Za{hV
CM H$moQ>rMo CnmXZ j_Vm dmT>{dUmao IV CnbY H$adyZ XoD$. `mgmR>r Amn`mbm JmdmVrb JmoYZ d neyYZmMo
ajU H$amdo bmJob. `m_wio XoemMm AXmVm eoVH$ar d dXoer AW-`dWoZo XoemMm aMZmH$ma, H$m_Jma d _Oya
d^dembr, gwIr d g_ ~Zob. dmV`m`m `m 63 dfmV Amn`m MwH$s`m ZrVr d H$m`m_wio gdm{YH$
An_mZ, X`ZrVVm, bmMmar d X[aVobm XoemVrb eoVH$ar, Jar~, _Oya d H$m_JmaM ~ir nS>bo AmhoV. dXoer
AW-`dWm d dXoer H$fr-`dWo_wio AmnU `mZm gwI, g_r d dm{^_mZmZo OJ`mMm hH$ {_idyZ XoD$.
{dfmar eoVr d XyfUm_wio H$moQ>dYr bmoH$ H$ga, j`amoJ, g{YdmV, X` amoJ, _Yw_oh, WybVm, CM aVXm~ d
AW_m `mgma`m KmVH$ `mYtZm ~ir nS>bo AmhoV. AmnU {dfa{hV eoVrZo gnyU Xoedm{g`mZm Amamo` XmZ
H$$ Am{U gmWr`m amoJm_mUo dmT>V Agbo`m `mYtZm gdH$mao Amim Kmby.
2. AmnU nanamJV Cnm`mZr Ob-~YZm`m {XeoZo H$m` H$$ Am[U {ZamoJr, {ZXm}f, ^mdr d emr` Ob-
~YZm`m ZrVrMr {Z{_Vr H$$. AmnU m_w`mZo nmdgmMo nmUr Oo 90 Vo 99% g_wmVM dmhZ OmVo, `mMm
13
 gM` H$$ Am{U nm`mMm `oH$ W|~ ^y_mVo`m CXamV CVady, `m_wio O{_ZrV nm`mMm Va dmT>ob. Hw$R>o nya Va
Hw$R>o XwH$mim_wio gnyU XoemV gH$Q> CX^dVo, AmnU `m nya d XwH$mim`m g_`oMo Wm`r {ZamH$aU H$$. Oa
doioda AmnU ^mdembr Ob-ZrVr`m Cnm``moOZm AmI`m ZmhrV Va nm`mgmR>r XoemV `wmgmaIr {WVr
hmoBb Am{U AmnU Ob-~YZmgmR>r `Wm`mo` H$m` Ho$bo Va AmnU Xoembm Imm, S>mir, Im Vob d XwYmXrV
dmdb~r ~Zdy, `mM~amo~a OJmVrb BVa Xoem`mhr Im{df`H$ JaOmMr nyVVm H$$ eH$Vmo Am{U XoemMm
{Z`mV `mnma dmT>dyZ Xoembm Am{WH$ >rZo g_ ~Zdy eH$Vmo.
3. AmnU eoVrMo Ammo{JH$aU, Im-gH$aU d Ym`monmXZm`m _y`mH$ZmMr EH$ gwT> d ZdrZ `moOZm AmIy,
`m`moJo eoVr `dgm`mg ZwH$gmZ hmoUma Zmhr, JmdmVrb nbm`Zdm{XVm Wm~ob, `mM~amo~a eoVH$`mZm
Am_h`ogmR>r {dde hmdo bmJUma Zmhr.
XoemMr XwXem d MwH$s`m emgZ nVrgmR>r O~m~Xma H$moU?
1) amOZoVm 2) m_m{UH$ bmoH$mMr amOH$maUmVr KUm 3) {V{>V d {Z`wV bmoH$m_`o gmhgmMm A^md
1. Am_bmZr, hrZ^mdZm, VwN> d Ag` {dMmagaUr_wio Amn`m ~hVmer amOZo`mZm AgoM dmQ>Vo H$s BJOmnojm
MmJbr {ejU-`dWm, Amamo`-`dWm, H$m`Xm-`dWm, AW-`dWm d H$fr-`dWm B. AmnU ~Zdy
eH$V Zmhr. hoM _w` H$maU Amho H$s AmnU dmV`m`m 63 dfmZVahr dV ^maVmV BJOr emgZ-nVrMmM
AJrH$ma H$arV AmhmoV AWmV Oo H$m`Xo Amn`mbm Jwbm_ ~Z{d`mgmR>r d bwQ>`mgmR>r BJOmZr ~Z{dbo hmoVo,
"Q>mg\$a Am\$ nmda EJr_oQ>' Zwgma dmV`mZVahr `mM BJOr emgZ-Umbr`m AmYmao XoemMr `dWm
MmbdrV AmhmoV. hoM Amn`m XoemMr A`dWm, XwXem, J[a~r, ~oamoOJmar, Cnmg_mar, A^md d A{e{jVnUm
B. Mo _w` H$maU Amho Am{U hVm`m`m aVmZo {_imbo`m dmV`mMm An_mZ Amho. bmoH$emhr emgZ-
UmbrV H$moU`mhr XoemMr g_r qH$dm X[aVm AWdm XwXeogmR>r VoWrb gaH$ma`m ZrVr d H$m`XoM m_w`mZo
O~m~Xma AgVmV, H$maU gnyU Xoe gaH$mamao {ZYm[aV ZrVr d H$m`mZwgmaM AmMaU H$a`mg ~m` R>aVmo. Oa
Amn`m ZrVr d H$m`Xo MmJbo AgVo Va XoemMr hr XwXem H$YrM Pmbr ZgVr. Oa XoemV qhgm, Jwhm, ^>mMma,
~bmH$ma, emofU, gm_m{OH$ A`m`, A{e{jVnUm, A^md, Am{WH$ AgVwbZ d gKf dmT>V Amho Va `mgmR>rhr
Amnbr MwH$sMr emgZ-`dWmM m_w`mZo O~m~Xma Amho, H$maU AIo[ag `m {df_VmgmR>r O~m~Xma Agbo`m
`VtZm AmnU XS> {Xbm Zmhr. gXMm[a` d XT> BN>meVr`m A^mdm_wioM ~Z{dbobo MmJbo H$m`XogwXYm
XoemV H$m`m{dV hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr.
2. dmV`m`m `m 63 dfmV XoemVrb MwH$sMr emgZ-Umbr, ^>-`dWm, ^>mMma d byQ>mbyQ> nmhZ Xoe^V,
g`{Z>, gXMm[a`dmZ, m_m[UH$ d H$V`{Z> bmoH$m`m _ZmV emgZ-Umbr d H$m`Xo ~Z{d`mgmR>r O~m~Xma
d ^>mMma H$$Z Xoembm byQ>Um`m `m ~hVmer Zo`mVr d amOH$maUmVr KUm Cn Pmbr Amho. gXMm[a`dmZ,
g`{Z> d m_m{UH$ bmoH$ amOH$maUmMr Cnojm d qZXm H$$ bmJbo AmhoV. Ago AgVmZm ~hVmer ^> d ~oB_mZ
Zo`mMr qh_V AmUIrZM dmT>br Amho Am{U Vo AmVm Vgo nmhVm nyUV {ZaHw$e hmoD$Z Xoembm byQ>V AmhoV VgoM
XoemMr emgZ-`dWm ~Xb`mgmR>r Zm `m`mH$S>o doi Amho Zm Ver {dMmagaUr, Zm {>H$moU Am{U Zm `mMr
qMVm. ~hVmer amOZo`mH$S>o Va Aer `mo`VmM Zmhr H$s Vo Xoem{df`r {hVH$a {dMma H$$ eH$Vrb d `mo` H$m`Xo
~Zdy eH$Vrb.
3. amOH$maUmnmgyZ Va OrdZ d OJmVrb `oH$ jomV {ddmg \$ma _moR>o H$m` H$aVmo. gdW_ Va H$moU`mhr EH$m
`VrVr gnyU Xoedm{g`mMm {ddmg qH$dm `m`mda ^adgm AgUo A`V H$R>rU ~m~ Amho Am{U Oa
H$moU`mhr EImm `Vrda XoemVrb H$moQ>dYr bmoH$mMm {ddmg ~gbm Va `m {V{>V `Vr`m _ZmV hm
^md, gmhg d qh_V Agmdr H$s `mZo ho AmhmZ drH$mamdo H$s _bm hr ^> `dWm d MwH$sMr emgZ-Umbr
~Xbm`Mr Amho, ho H$m` `mgmR>r AmUIrZM OmV H$R>rU Amho, H$maU ^>mMma H$$Z d Xoembm {ZX`VoZo, Hy$anUo
bwQy>Z ho ~oB_mZ d ^> bmoH$ Am{WH$ Q>m A`V e[Vembr ~Zbo AmhoV. EH$ {V{>V `Vr hr OmoIr_
14
 CMb`mg V`ma hmoV Zmhr H$s Vmo `m ^> d e[Vembr bmoH$mer gai gKf H$aob qH$dm `mZm MoVmdUr XoBb
Am{U dVMr {V>m AmodmiyZ Q>mHo$b. _bm Va m_w`mZo hrM VrZ H$maUo dmQ>V AmhoV, `m_wio dmV`m`m 63
dfmZVahr XoemMr XwXem, J[a~r, Cnmg_mar, A{e{jVnUm B. {Xdg|{Xdg dmT>VM AmhoV. Ho$di H$mhr {ZdS>H$
bmoH$ Ago AmhoV, Oo dV`m {h_Vrda emgZmH$Sy>Z mg, {ZH$maU gVm{dUo, bwQ>Uo, bmM KoUo, X~md AmUUo d
YwH$ma`mZVahr AJoga Pmbo AmhoV. `m`m_wioM `m XoemV H$mhr {dH$mg, H$me, Amem d {ddmg {XgVmo,
ZmhrVa ^> bmoH$mZr Xoembm Z>^> H$a`mV H$mhr H$ga ~mH$s R>odbr Zmhr.
`oH$ amOZ{VH$ XbmV Xoe^V, m_m{UH$ d gXMm[a`dmZ bmoH$hr AmhoV, `mMm Amhr X`nydH$ AmXa
H$aVmo Am{U `mZm AmdmhZ H$aVmo H$s `mZr ^>mMmamMr g_mr d `dWm-n[adVZm`m `m AmXmobZmV gh`moJ
H$a`mgmR>r gwdmV H$amdr. amOZ{VH$ Xb d Xbm_`o gh^mJr Xoe^V d m_m{UH$ bmoH$m`{V[aV Amhr
XoemVrb gd gm_m{OH$, Am`m{_H$ d Ym{_H$ gKQ>Zm d `m`mer g~{YV OmJ$H$ bmoH$mZmhr AmdmhZ H$aVmo
H$s `m ! AmnU gdOU am>-{Z{_Vr`m `m `kmV "gJN>d_ gdXd_...' Zwgma EH$OwQ>rZo AJoga hmoD$ Am{U
^>mMma_wV d d^dembr ^maV gmH$ma H$$. Ho$di EH$Q>mZo gKf Ho$`mZo `e {_iUma Zmhr, gdmZr {_iyZ
gKf H$am`Mm Amho.
_r ho A{^`mZ H$m gw$ Ho$bo ?
_r Amnbr gnyU {V>m PwJm$Z Q>mH$br H$s bmoH$ H$m` hUVrb? qH$dm OJ H$m` hUob? `mMr ndm Z H$aVm `m
~hVmer ^>, ~oB_mZ d gm_`dmZ bmoH$mZm AmhmZ {Xbo Amho Am{U `m ^> amOZ{VH$ `dWm d emgZ-Umbrbm
~Xb`mMm EH$V\$s T> gH$n Ho$bm Amho. Iao nmhVm Am_Mo ho A{^`mZ H$moUm{d ~S> Zmhr Am{U Zm H$mhr {dmoh
qH$dm Midi. _r XoemVr Amnbo H$V`, Y_, O~m~Xmar qH$dm am>Y_ _mZyZ ho AmXmobZ gw$ Ho$bo Amho. Am_Mm CXXoe
XoemMr emgZ-Umbr d H$m`Xo `Wm`mo` ~ZdyZ J[a~r, Cnmg_mar, A^md, ~oamoOJmar, A{e{jVnUm d ^>mMmaa{hV
gm_`dmZ ^maV ~Z{dUo Amho. naVw _bm nyUV eH$m Amho H$s emgZ Mmb{dUmao d XoemMo H$m`Xo ~Z{d`mgmR>r O~m~Xma
AgUmao ~hVmer ^> d ~oB_mZ ZoVm `m AmXmobZmbm dV{d _mZVrb. naVw Varhr _r Ago _mZVmo H$s Xoe^V d
m_m{UH$ ZoVm VgoM XoemVrb H$moQ>dYr bmoH$ Am_`m ~mOyZo C^o amhVrb Am{U AIo[ag Xodd `edr hmoBb d Agwad
An`er hmoBb. Ag`, AY_, nmn d A`m` XrK H$mimnmgyZM An`er hmoV Ambo Amho Am{U `mnwT>ohr An`erM
hmoVrb. _`mXm nwfmom_ ^JdmZ lram_, `moJoda lrH$U, _hfu d{e>, _hfu {ddm{_ d _hmZ Hy$Q>Zr{Vk MmU`nmgyZ
Va _hfu X`mZX B. Amn`m gd nydOmZr gXd nmn, A`m`, AY_ d Ag`mMm Ia {damoY Ho$bm Amho. A`m` d nmn-
dmrg {damoY d {dZmem`{V[aV Amn`m gd _hmnwfmZr Xwgao Ho$bo Var H$m`?
EH$ gm_y{hH$ ^` qH$dm ^rVr
^maV-dm{^_mZ AmXmobZmMo `o`, CXXoe d ZrVr{df`r gdH$mhr EoHy$Z bmoH$ hUVmV, ""~m~m ! Vwhr Va
gdH$mhr R>rH$ H$arV AmhmV, Amhr ^maVr`mZmhr hoM dmQ>Vo H$s ho dm{^_mZmMo H$m` Va PmboM nm{hOo. _J _r {dMmaVmo
H$s Vwhr H$m Km~aVm?'' Vohm Vo hUVmV :
1. ""~m~m ! ho ^> d ~oB_mZ bmoH$ Vw_`m Ordmbm YmoH$m CX^dy eH$VmV. Amhr Vwhmbm J_dy B{N>V Zmhr.''
2. ""Vo bmoH$ Iyn gm_`dmZ AmhoV, `m`mH$S>o AIyQ> YZgnXm Amho, Vo bmoH$ ~bdmZ AmhoV, Vo Iyn nmnr d {ZX`r
AmhoV, Vo H$mhrhr H$$ eH$VmV.''
3. ""Vo ~oB_mZ bmoH$ Vw_`m{d Mm[a`hZZmMo H$moUVohr KmVH$ fS>` aMy eH$VmV Am{U Vw_`mda ImoQ>o Amamon
bmdyZ qH$dm H$m`m`m S>mdnoMm_`o \$gdyZ Vwhmbm ~XZm_ H$a`mMm K{UV `Z H$$ eH$VmV. gaH$maH$S>o Iyn
~i AgVo, `mMm Xwn`moJ H$$Z Vwhmbm ~XZm_ H$a`mMm, An_m{ZV H$a`mMm qH$dm X~md AmU`mMm
H$moUVmhr Ag\$b K{UV `Z H$$ eH$VmV AWdm ImoQ>m IQ>`mmao YmoHo$Xm`r H$b_mV \$gdyZ Vw_`m {Voda
hma H$$ eH$VmV.''
15
 _mPo Cma Amho
1. nmnr bmoH$mZm VZ, _Z, {dMma d OrdZ, nmn Ho$`mZo BVHo$ Xw~i hmoVmV H$s Vo eVr d gnmrZo gn AgyZhr e{VhrZ
AgVmV Am{U Vo dVM Amn`m nmnH$_m_wio _VdV AgVmV, Vo H$Yrhr H$moU`mhr nw`m`mbm _m$ eH$V
Zmhr. CXm.- amdU, H$g, Xw`m}YZ d {eewnmb dJao ^y lram_ d `moJoda lrH$UmMo H$mhrhr {~KS>dy eH$bo Zmhr,
Oar eVr, gnmr d g`oV amdU d H$g OmV e{Vembr hmoVo. Vwhr hUmb H$s Vo Va _hmnwf qH$dm ^JdV
hmoVo, Vwhr Va EH$ gm_m` g`mgr [H$dm _Zw` AmhmV, Va _r Vwhmbm gmJVmo H$s _r ^JdV Zmhr, nU _bm
^JdVmZo `mM H$m`mgmR>r O_mbm KmVbo Amho, _r BdamMm A_Vnw Amho. _r `m nmnr bmoH$mH$Sy>Z _aUma Zmhr
Am{U Oa EdT>mdahr Vwhmbm g_mYmZ Pm`mgmaIo dmQ>V Zgob Va AIo[ag Vwhm gdmMr eVr, gnmr d
XoemVrb H$moQ>dYr bmoH$ _m`mgmo~V AmhoV Va eVr, gnmr d g`oVhr AmnU `m`mhZ H$_r Zmhr, Va OmVM
AmhmoV. ho nmnr _m`m OrdZmMm AV H$$ eH$Uma Zmhr. CbQ> Agm {dMma H$aUm`mMm AmnmoAmn dVhZM AV
hmoBb. Oa H$moUr _m`m `m ^m{VH$ earamMm AVhr Ho$bm, Varhr am>{hVmgmR>r _r Or dMm[aH$ H$mVr OmJV Ho$br
Amho, {Vbm OJmVrb H$moUVrhr eVr {_Q>dy eH$V Zmhr.
 Am_Mm gH$n 
 _r gmm d gnmr`m bmo^ZmnmgyZ Xya amhZ ^maV-dm{^_mZ AmXmobZm`m {Z`_mdbrZwgma ~bdmZ ^maV
~Z{d`mgmR>r _mPr gnyU D$OmeVr bmdoZ VgoM `mgmR>r _r Am_~{bXmZ (mUmnU, hVm`) H$a`mgmR>rhr
V`ma amhrZ.
 _r dXoerMm nyU AmJh R>odoZ VgoM VkmZm{dZm ~Z{dbo`m H$moU`mhr {dXoer dVyMm dmna H$aUma Zmhr.
 _r dV ^>mMmamnmgyZ Xya amhrZ VgoM XoemVyZ ^>mMma {_Q>{d`mgmR>r H$gmoerZo gKf H$aoZ.
 _r eoVH$ar, _Oya, Jar~ d lr_V gdmZm g_mZ $nmZo {ejU, Amamo`, `m`, g_r d g_mZ {_idyZ Xo`mgmR>r
gH$n~ amhrZ VgoM {Z`{_V `moJm`mg H$arV dV {ZamoJr amhrZ Am{U {ZamoJr g_mO d am>mMr {Z{_Vr H$aoZ.
 _r ^>mMma, ~oamoOJmar, J{bN>Vm, J[a~r, Cnmg_mar, A^md d A{e{jVnUm B.Zo _wV d^dembr ^maV
~Z{d`mgmR>r {ZdS>UwH$s`m doir am>{hVm`m >rZo Ad` _VXmZ H$aoZ VgoM BVamZmhr _VXmZmgmR>r o[aV H$aoZ.
 d{XH$ em` _ 
 C{m>V g Zd_wXmam: Ho$Vw{^: gh& gnm BVaOZm ajm`{_mmZZw YmdV&& (AWd- 11/10/1)
"dramZmo ! CR>m, H${Q>~ hm, P|S>m (Y_dO qH$dm am>dO) hmVr nH$S>m. Oo gn-dmrMo AmhoV, bnQ> AmhoV,
Xoemohr AmhoV, amjg AmhoV, ey AmhoV `mZm nam{OV H$$Z Xoddmda {dO` d AgwadmMm namO` H$am.'
 Ah g `mo Zddmd ~hW g dmod Xmg dmhmG$O_&
`X dY`V W`V_mZwfXyao nmao aOgmo amoMZmG$H$a_&& -F$doX 10/49/6
"EoH$m, _r Vmo Amho `mZo J[a~mMo aV emofyZ, ^>mMma H$$Z Xoembm bwQy>Z ZdZdrZ hdo`m qH$dm _hmb
C^maUm`m, _moR>_moR>m aWmV qH$dm JmS>mda \o$a\$Q>H$m _maUm`m XamoS>oImoa, ^>mMmar d JwhoJmamZm ~mobVm ~mobVmM
Ywirg {_i{dbo Amho. A`mMmam`m ~imda Y>nw> hmoUm`m Xw> MmoamMr VJS>r nH$Sy>Z _r `mZm Ago \o$H$bo H$s Vo
AmH$mem`mhr gr_maofo-nbrH$S>o OmD$Z nS>bo AmhoV.'
 H$V _o X{jUo hVo O`mo _o g` Am{hV:& -AWd. 7/50/8
"_r hmVmda hmV Y$Z ~gUmam Zmhr. _m`m CO`m hmVmV H$_ Amho Am{U S>m`m hmVmV `e Amho.'
 EH$ EdmG${~hYm g{_:, EH$: gy`m} {dd_Zw ^yV:&
EH$dmofm: gd{_X {d ^m`oH$ dm BX {d ~^yd gd_&& -F$doX 8/58/2
"EH$Q>m AZr {H$Vr IaVoZo M_H$Vmo ! EH$Q>m gy` OJmbm H$m{eV H$aVmo. EH$Q>m CfH$mb gd `_mZ dVyZm
M_H${dV Amho. EH$Q>m na_oda gd `m Amho.' 16
 ~mh _o ~b{_ hVm _o H$_ dr`_& Am_m jm_wamo __&& -`Ow. 20/7
"_m`m ~mh_`o BdV ~i Amho, hmVm_`o H$_ Am{U gm_` Amho. _mPm Am_m Xw{IVmMo H$> Xya H$aUmam
Amho, _mPo X` dV AmKmV ghZ H$$Z BVamZm dmM{dUmao Amho.'
 Ah{_mo Z nam {O` BXYZ Z _`doG$d VWo H$XmMZ& -F$doX 10/48/5
"EoH$m, _mPm n[aM` EoH$m ! _r B Amho, eyadra Amho, YZgnXoMo bmo^Z d _`y _bm namV H$$ eH$V Zmhr.'
 B dYVmo Awa: dVmo {dd_m`_& AnZVmo AamU:&& -F$doX 9/63/5
"ho H$_erb OZmZmo EoH$m ! em` d Eod` dmT>dm, dV nyUV lo> ~Zm Am{U AgwadmMm ghma H$am.'
 A{ap_ O_Zm OmVdoXm KV _o Mjwa_V _ AmgZ&
AH$pmYmVy aOgmo {d_mZmoG$OH$mo K_m}: h{dap_ Zm_&& -`Ow. 18/66
"_r AZr Amho, YJYJUmam XoXr`_mZ {ZImam Amho, dm^m{dH$M gVH$ Amho. _m`m S>mo`mV VoO Amho, _m`m
_wIr A_V Amho. _r gy` Amho, eara, _Z d Am_m `m {VoOmZr `wV Amho, gnyU ^y_S>imbm Amn`m nmdbmZr _moOy
eH$Vmo, Aj` Amho, d{bV `kHw$S> Amho d AmhVr Amho.'
 `Xm{_ _Yw_mXm{_ `Xrjo VZpV _m&
pdfr_mZp_ Oy{V_mZ Adm`mZ hp_ XmoYV:&& -AWd 12/1/58
"`m`mer ~mobVmo, JmoS> ~mobVmo, `m`mH$S>o nmhVmo, Vmo _m`mda Zoh H$$ bmJVmo. EH$sH$S>o Va ho _Ywa $n Amhoo
d `mM~amo~a Agm VoOdr d doJdmZhr Amho H$s Oo Xw> _bm `mMm H$moY XmI{dVmV, `m AgwamMm _r VH$mi AV
H$aVmo.'
doXmMo ho _ Amn`m X`mV em`, Cgmh, namH$_ d Am_{ddmgmMm ^md OmJV H$aUmao AmhoV. ^>mMmar,
Agwa d Za{nem`mZm dVhZ XS> XoUo hm H$m`mZwgma Jwhm Amho, naVw Aem JwhoJmamgmR>r _`wXS>mMm H$m`Xm
~Z{d`mgmR>r AmnU gK{Q>V hmoD$Z gKf H$$.
 gX{dMma dmh 
 `moJ Am{U `k OrdZmMo XmoZ nw`-dmh AmhoV, XmoZ nI AmhoV, Oo Amn`m OrdZmbm {ZaVa CH$fmH$S>o KoD$Z
OmVmV VgoM ^moJ OrdZmMm Anw`-dmh Amho Omo _Zw`mbm {ZaVa nmn d nVZmH$S>o KoD$Z OmVmo.
 glVw Zo J_o_{h _m lwVZo {dam{Y{f& _{` Ed AVw _{` lwV_&& (AWddoX)
"_r doXmoV nWmdaM gXd AJoga hmoV amhmo. _mPo lwV-kmZ _m`mV {Wa amhmo.'
 JwXeZ qH$dm Jw^VrMm AW Amho Jw$`m Mm[a`mbm Am_gmV H$aUo VgoM X{jUoMm CXXoe Amho Jw$mao
gMm{bV godm-`kmV gh`moJ H$aUo.
 {ZXVw Zr{V{ZnwUm `{X dm VwdVw, b_r: g_m{deVw JN>Vw dm `Wo>_&
Ad dm _aU_Vw `wJmVao dm, `m`mnW: {dMbpV nX Z Yram:&&
"OJ qZXm H$amo dm VwVr, b_r (YZ) `odmo AWdm Omdmo d _`y AmO hmodmo qH$dm `wJmZVa, naVw g` d Y_m`m
_mJmd$Z Y`dmZ `Vr {dM{bV hmoV Zmhr.'
ma`Vo Z Ibw {dZ^`oZ ZrM:, ma` {dZ{d{hVm {da_pV _`m:&
{dZ: nwZ: nwZa{n {Vh`_mZm:, ma` Mmom_OZm Z n[a`OpV&&
H$mhr bmoH$ {dZ-~mYmZm Km~$Z EImm nw`-H$m`mbm gwdmVM H$arV Zmhr, H$mhr gwdmV Ho$`mZVa _`oM
{dZmZm Km~$Z H$m` Wm~{dVmV, Cm_ H$moQ>rMo bmoH$ Vo AmhoV Oo {dZ-~mYm, ^`H$a gH$Q>o d {VHy$bVm_`ohr Wm~V
Zmhr Am{U Vo AIo[ag `edr hmoD$ZM {dam_ KoVmV.
 OrdZ EH$ eoVm_mUo Amho d {dMma `mV EH$ "~r' gmaIo Amho. Ogo Amnbo {dMma AgVrb, VgoM Amnbo
`[Vd, `dhma, d^md d AmMaU hmoBb.
17
 Xoe d Xoedm{g`m`m godoMo gdmV lo>V_ _m`_ "`moJ' Amho.
 OrdZ ^JdVm`m H$noMm gmX d _`y `m`m KaMo Am_U Amho. Zm ^moJm, Zm nim, ~g OmJo hm ! kmZM
g_mYmZ Amho.
 Amn`m X`mV hm {dMma AIS> {Q>H$dyZ R>odm H$s "ho OrdZ XoemMr godm d ^JdVm`m ^VrgmR>r Amho.'
 XoemV ZoVd gXd gw_mao 1% bmoH$ H$aVmV. 9% bmoH$ `m 1% bmoH$mMr _w` eVr AgVmV VgoM 80% bmoH$
`m 10% bmoH$mMo AZwH$aU H$aVmV. VgoM Cd[aV 10% bmoH$ AkmZ, XwamJh, dmW d AhH$mam`m der^yV
hmoD$Z gXd lo> d gm{dH$ bmoH$mMm {damoY H$aVmV.
 ^maV-dm{^_mZ AmXmobZm`m _m`_mVyZ Omo gH$n AmnU Ho$bm Amho Am{U Oo d{U_ ^maVmMo dZ AmnU
nm{hbo Amho, hmM gH$n Am{U dZ hmoVo _hfr X`mZX, Vm`m Q>mono, ZmZm gmho~ noedo, _Jb nmSo>, amUr
b_r~mB, {Q>iH$, JmoIbo, _hm_m JmYr, ^JVqgh, MeoIa AmPmX d am_gmX {~{_b B. hVm_o qH$dm
H$m{VdramMo. Xoe d Xoedm{g`mda o_ H$aUmar H$moUVrhr `Vr qH$dm gKQ>Zm `m AmXmobZmer Owi`m{dZm amh
eH$V Zmhr. `oH$ g`{Z> ^maVr`m`m X`mMm gH$n Amho- "^maV-dm{^_mZ.' Oa ^maV _mVo`m `m _hmZ
gwnwmMo ho dZ, gH$n, {dMma d AmXmobZ `Wm`mo` hmoVo Va ^maV dm{^_mZmMo gm_m{OH$ d Am`m{_H$
AmXmobZhr `Wm`mo` Amho. AmnU H$m{Vdra d _hmnwfm`m dZ d gH$nmMm ^maV gmH$ma H$$. `mM
CXXo`mgmR>r `mdoir `m `wJmV ^JdVmZo Amn`mbm O_ {Xbm Amho.
 `m n{d {dMmamZr _bm CV Ho$bo, _mPm Am_{ddmg dmT>{dbm d A{ZnWmda AJoga Ho$bo, _bm {ddmg Amho
H$s `mM n{d {dMmamZr _m`m XoemVrb `oH$ `Vr OmJV hmoBb d XoemMm dm{^_mZ OmJV hmoBb.
 XoemH$Sy>Z _bm YZ, gmm, gnmr, g_mZ d OrdZ {_imbo Amho. `m XoemVrb AmB, ~hrU, H$`m, ~mbH$ d
dXYm`m S>mo`mVrb Aly _mPr doXZm Amho d XoemMr g_r _mPr gVm Amho.
 ho _m`m {` ^maVdm{g`mZmo ! Ae`bm e` H$a`mMr Anma j_Vm, gm_` d D$Om Vw_`mV gm_mdbobr
Amho. H$mim`m H$nmir Amnbr eVr, gmhg d em`mZo ZdrZ B{Vhmg {bhm. dmV` mUmnU, hVm` qH$dm
Am_~{bXmZ _mJVo.
 XoemMr hmZr Xw>m`m XwQ>VoZo H$_r d gOZ `Vt`m CXmgrZVo_wio OmV hmoVo. hUyZ AmVm _mZ VmoS>m ! dV
OmJo hm ! Am{U Xoembmhr OmJo H$am !! XoemVyZ Amgwar eVtZm namV H$a`mgmR>r nwT>o `m.
 {dH$mgmMr H$gmoQ>r hr Zmhr H$s EH$m g_ `VrZo {H$Vr gnmr gM` Ho$bm Amho, `mCbQ> hr Amho H$s Xoe d
OJmVrb AJXr gm_m` _mUgmbmhr {ejU, AmfYmonMma, gm_m{OH$ `m` d g_mZ AmnU {H$Vr XoD$ eH$Vmo.
 "_r EH$Q>m H$m` H$$ eH$Vmo', `mEodOr gXd Agm {dMma H$amdm H$s "_r H$m` Zmhr H$$ eH$V ! OJmV H$mhrM
Ae` Zmhr, gdH$mhr e` Amho.'
 g`, gXmMma d _`mXo`m ~YZmV dVbm gXd ~mYyZ R>odm, ho ~YZ gwI-emVr, g_r d _wVrgmR>r Amho.
Amnbo gm_y{hH$ am>r` OrdZ d^dembr d d`[VH$ OrdZ Vndr d g`_r Agbo nm{hOo. `m_wio g_mO d am>mV
g_agVm, gwI-g_r d emVr dmT>ob Am{U XoemMr X[aVm Xya hmoBb. Amhr Xoem`m X[aVobm Am`m[_H$Vm
_mZV Zmhr.
 _r g_mOm`m ^> `dWm_wio hma _mZyZ dW ~gUmar `Vr Zmhr. _r eodQ>`m dmgmn`V g`mgmR>r gKf
H$$Z {dO` {_i{dUmam `mom Amho.
 ^maVm`m gnyU dmV`-bT>mV 7 bmI 25 hOma 850 H$m{VdramZr Am_~{bXmZ Ho$bo. ho gd H$m{Vdra
BJOm`m VwJmV \$mgmda MT>{dbo Jobo Va H$mhrZm BJOr Vmo\$mZm ~mYyZ `mMo eara CS>{d`mV Ambo, Va H$mhrOU
BJOm`m A`mMmamZm ghZ Z H$$ eH$`mZo Vi_iV H$mgmdrg hmoD$Z _aU nmdbo. ^maVmMo dmV`, gw_mao
gdm 4 H$moQ>r (4H$moQ>r 25 bmI) bmoH$m`m A{dlmV nwfmWmMm, n[al_mMm, VnM`}Mm d `mJmMm n[aUm_
Amho.
 `m XoemMo ZoVd namH$_r, dm{^_mZr, {dZ`erb, g`_r, gXmMmar, nmaXeu d XyaXeu ZgVo Vo am> H$Yrhr
gwa{jV amh eH$V Zmhr. 18
 _m`m gnyU A{VdmV _bm _mPr O_^y_r {XgVo. _m`m O_^y_r_wio _mPo eara Amho. _mPo X`, _Z, ~wr$,
Vw_`m AWr, _mgnoer d _m`m aVmMm W|~ AZ W|~ _r Xoem`m _mVrnmgyZ {_i{dbm Amho. hUyZ Omon`V
earamV mU amhVrb VgoM aVmMm A{V_ W|~ {ebH$ amhrb Vmon`V _r XoemgmR>r godmH$m` H$aoZ. XoemgmR>r OJoZ
VgoM XoemMm g_mZ d dm{^_mZmgmR>r _bm _m`m mUmMr AmhVr mdr bmJbr Varhr _r _mJo hQ>Uma Zmhr.
 Amn`m gwfw emar[aH$, _mZ{gH$, ~m{H$$, Am[_H$, gKQ>Zm_H$ eVrMo H$Yrhr _y`mH$Z H$_r H$$Z AZw_mZ
bmdy Z`o. Amnbo `Wm`mo` _y`mH$Z Z Ho$`m_wioM Amn`mV dmadma {Zamem, A{ddmg d Am_bmZrMm ^md
OmJV hmoVmo.
 _r OrdZmV H$Yrhr amOZ{VH$ nX JhU H$aUma Zmhr, hr _mPr T> {Vkm Amho. _r am>{hVmgmR>r
Xoe^V, m_m{UH$ d H$V`{Z> bmoH$mZm gmo`m AJWmZr Wm{nV H$a`mgmR>r Amn`m n{d am
>Y_mMo H$_e H$m` H$arV Amho Am{U H$arV amhrZ.
 _m`m OrdZmMo EH$_od `o` XoddmMm {dO` d AgwadmMm namO` Amho Am{U `mgmR>r _r Am`w`^a
gKf d Am_~{bXmZmgmR>r V`ma Amho.
 dXoer CnmXZm`m dmnamVhr gWomao {Z{_V CnmXZmZmM mYm` XoUo, H$maU gWm Vwhmbm A`n XamV Cm_
VrMo AmfY d Xmofa{hV CnmXZ (XZ{XZ OrdZmon`moJr `dZme, _OZ, Qy>WnoQ>, gm~U d eny B.) CnbY
H$adyZ XoVo VgoM CnmXZm`m {dH$s_wio m Pmbo`m bm^memMm nyUV dmna Jar~ OZgm_m`mMr godm d am>-
{Z{_Vr`m n{d CXXoemgmR>rM Ho$bm OmVmo.
XmZm_wio OrdZ-XmZ d am>moWmZ
 Xoedm{g`mH$Sy>Z {_imbobo gnyU XmZ, YZ d ggmYZmMm gXwn`moJ Amhr nVObr `moJnrR> Q>Q> d ^maV-
dm{^_mZ AmXmobZm`m _m`_mVyZ nyU n{dVm d m_m{UH$nUo Xoe d Xoedm{g`m`m H$`mUmgmR>r Ho$bm Amho.
hrM Am{WH$, Mm[a{`H$$ ewVm d m_m{UH$nUm Xoe d OJmV Am_`m gWoMr d gKQ>ZoMr gdmV _moR>r eVr
Amho. gWm d gKQ>Zobm {_imbo`m XmZmMm d YZmMm H$Yrhr d`{VH$ gwI d dmWmgmR>r dmna Ho$bobm Zmhr.
hmM Am_Mm gw_mao XmoZ XeH$mMm Jmadembr, {ddgZr` B{Vhmg Amho.
 Amhr Umda AmfYmonMma H$$Z Amnbm dmW {g Ho$bobm Zmhr, Va `mYtZr Jmgbo`m H$moQ>dYr bmoH$mMo
OrdZ dmM{dbo Amho. gWoMo g_WH$, egH$ d g_W bmoH$mH$Sy>Z XmZ KoD$Z Amhr bmImo-H$moQ>dYr bmoH$mZm
OrdZ-XmZ {Xbo Amho VgoM am>moVr Ho$br Amho. gH$_mgmR>r XmZ XoUo ho nw`X d Y_ Amho VgoM godmH$m`mgmR>r
XmZ Z XoUo nmn d AY_ Amho.
 Oohm nmn, A`m`, AY_, ^>mMma, AnamY, Agwajm d A`dWm namH$moQ>rbm nmohmoMVo Vohm EImm H$mVrMm
O_ hmoVmo. nmnmMo {dH$mi $nM `mMm H$mi ~ZVo Am{U Vr H$mVr g\$b hmoVo. ^>mMma d nmnmMm na_moH$fM
Amn`m `m gKfm`m `emMo gyMH$ Amho.
 H$moUVrhr `Vr VgoM Ym{_H$, Am`m[_H$ d gm_m{OH$ gWm qH$dm gKQ>Zo`m ZrVr, {gmV d _m`Vm{df`r
`{VJV Q>rH$m H$aUo ho Am_`m gKQ>Zo`m {gmVmV Zmhr.
 lram_MmgmaIr _`mXm d M[a VgoM lrH$UmgmaIr ZrVr d H$m`H$me` ho `m gKQ>ZoMo AmXe AmhoV.
 {dZ~mYm_`o Wm~m`Mo Zmhr, bmo^Zm_`o PwH$m`Mo Zmhr, {ZXo_wio {dM{bV hm`Mo Zmhr. XyaXfu {dMma, H$R>moa
n[al_ d T> {ZM`mgh "Mado{V Mado{V' {ZaVa OrdZ-nWmda AJoga hmoV ahm, EH$ {Xdg `e Ad` {_iob.
 _r EH$ `Vr Zmhr, gnyU am>mMm {V{ZYr Amho, _r F${fnw, Am`nw d ^maV_mVm VgoM BdamMm nw Amho.
_m`m `oH$ MmJ`m-dmBQ> AmMaUm_wio gnyU amQ>mda ^md nS>Vmo.
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Zm H$mhr gmXm{`H$ AdYmaUm Amho.
19
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4) `wdmeVr OmJV H$$`m, ^maVmMo ^{d` COidy`m.
5) Oa OmJo Pmbmo Zmhr `mdoir, hmoBb ~ogw_ma hmZr doimodoir.
6) ^yUh`m ~X H$$`m, Zmar-g_mZ dmT>dy`m.
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9) `moJmMm CXKmof H$$`m, {Z`gZr ^maV ~Zdy`m.
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12) gKQ>ZoV Z_H$ma d Y`dmXgyMH$ eX- Amo3_, Amo_, EH$ Amo_H$ma.
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XyadZr : 01334-240008, 244107, 246737 \$g 01334-244805, 240664.
E-mail : divyayoga@rediffmail.com

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H$_Mmar-gKQ>Zm, 10. A{YH$mar-gKQ>Zm, 11. l{_H$-gKQ>Zm, 12. {dkmZ d VkmZ gKQ>Zm, 13. H$bm-gH$Vr
gKQ>Zm, 14. _r{S>`m-gKQ>Zm, 15 d[a> ZmJ[aH$-gKQ>Zm.
Q>rn - 1. ^maV dm{^_mZ AmXmobZmMo H$m`H$_, ZrVr, CXXoem`m dV_mZ (H$aoQ>) d A{YH$ _m{hVrgmR>r XaamoO
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2. `dWm-n[adVZ VgoM am>-{Z{_Vr`m `m `kmbm AJoga H$a`mgmR>r ho nH$ am>^mfm d BVa ^maVr`
^mfm_`o N>mnyZ XmZd$nmV {dV[aV H$$ eH$Vm VgoM {dVaH$-$nmV Amnbo d Amn`m gWoMo Zmdhr
H$m{eV H$$ eH$Vm.
20