The Nobel Prize Internet Archive
2009
The prize goes to:
V
ENKATRAMAN
R
AMAKRISHNAN
,
T
HOMAS
A.
S
TEITZ
, and
A
DA
E.
Y
ONATH
for studies of the structure and functionof the ribosome.
2008
The prize goes to:
O
SAMU
S
HIMOMURA
,
M
ARTIN
C
HALFIE
, and
R
OGER
Y
T
SIEN
for the discovery and development of the greenfluorescent protein, GFP.
2007
The prize goes to:
G
ERHARD
E
RTL
for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces.
2006
The prize goes to:
R
OGER
D.
K
ORNBERG
for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription.
2005
The prize is being awarded jointly to:
Y
VES
C
HAUVIN
,
R
OBERT
H.
G
RUBBS
, and
R
I
C
HARD
R.
S
C
HRO
C
K
for the development of the metathesis method inorganic synthesis.
2004
The prize is being awarded jointly to:
A
ARON
C
IE
C
HANOVER
,
A
VRAM
H
ERSHKO
, and
I
RWIN
R
OSE
for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated proteindegradation
2003
The prize is being awardedfor discoveries concerning channels in cell membraneswith one half of the prize to:
P
ETER
A
GRE
, for the discovery of water channels
and the other half of the prize to:
R
ODERI
C
K
M
A
C
K
INNON
for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels.
2002
The prize is being awardedfor the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromoleculeswith one half jointly to:
J
OHN
B
.
F
ENN
, and
K
OI
C
HI
T
ANAKA
, for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for massspectrometric analyses of biological macromoleculesand the other half to:
K
URT
W
ÜTHRI
C
H
for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution.
2001
The prize is being awarded with one half jointly to:
W
ILLIAM
S
.
K
NOWLES
, and
R
Y
O
J
I
N
O
Y
ORI
, for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactionsand the other half to:
K
.
B
ARR
Y
SHAR
P
LESS
for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions.
2000
The prize is being awarded with one half jointly to:
A
LAN
J
.
H
EEGER
,
A
LAN
G
.
M
A
C
D
IARMID
, and
H
IDEKI
S
HIRAKAWA
for the discovery and development of conductive polymers.
1999
A
HMED
Z
EWAIL
for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy
1998
The prize was awarded for pioneering contributions in developing methods that can be used for theoreticalstudies of the properties of molecules and the chemical processes in which they are involved. The prize wasdivided equally between:
W
ALTER
K
OHN
for his development of the density-functional theoryand
J
OHN
A.
P
O
P
LE
for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry.
1997
The prize was divided, one half being awarded jointly to:
P
AUL
D.
B
O
Y
ER
and
J
OHN
E.
W
ALKER
for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying thesynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)and with one half to:
J
ENS
C
.
S
KOU
for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na
+
, K
+
-ATPase.
1996
The prize was awarded jointly to:
R
OBERT
F.
C
URL,
J
r
.
,
S
IR
H
AROLD
W.
K
ROTO
, and
R
I
C
HARD
E.
S
MALLE
Y
for their discovery of fullerenes.
1995
Theprizewas awarded jointly to:
P
AUL
C
RUTZEN
,
M
ARIO
M
OLINA
, and
F
.
S
HERWOOD
R
OWLAND
for their work in atmospheric chemistry,particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone.
1994
G
EORGE
A
.
O
LAH
for his contribution to carbocation chemistry.
1993
The prize was awarded for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistryequally between:
K
AR
Y
B
.
M
ULLIS
for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.and
M
I
C
HAEL
S
MITH
for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleiotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies.
1992
R
UDOL
P
H
A
.
M
AR
C
US
for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems.
1991
R
I
C
HARD
R
.
E
RNST
for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclearmagnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
1990
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