“There are an amazing number of everyday things,perhaps twenty thousand of them. Are there really thatmany? Start by looking about you.” Donald Norman is a
cognitive scientist, now about to retire, who was the rst
to study the psychological processes needed to operateand comprehend utensils and furniture, computers and
cars, knobs and aps, lids and dials. “In the room I’mworking in,” Norman continues, “I counted more thana hundred specialized objects before I tired. Each is
simple, but each requires its own method of operation,each has to be designed separately.”
“Over the years I have fumbled my way through life,walking into doors, failing to gure out water faucets,
incompetent at working the simple things of everyday
life. ‘Just me,’ I would mumble. ‘Just my mechanicalineptitude.’ But as I studied psychology and watched thebehavior of other people, I began to realize that I was
not alone.” “Suppose that each everyday thing takes only oneminute to learn; learning 20,000 of them occupies20,000 minutes -- 333 hours or about 8 forty-hourwork weeks. Furthermore, we often encounter newobjects unexpectedly, when we are really concerned withsomething else. We are confused and distracted, andwhat ought to be a simple, effortless, everyday thinginterferes with the important task of the moment. How