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ALTERNATIVE PASSIVATION
METHODS for HDG
o No Cr(VI)
o No Peroxide
o No Nitrates
• Non toxic.
Cr(III) Passivation Solution Contains [2]
• Water
• Phospate Ions
• Cr(III) Ions
• Anions of at least one complex fluoride of Ti,Si,Zr
• Free fluoride ions
• Organic acid inhibitor
• A pH adjusting component
• Organic substance that reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III)
• Inorganic metal compound(s)
• Additive(s) selected from, sequestrant, wetting agent,
defoamer
Phosphate Ions
• Variety of sources available, most common is
phosphoric acid and its salts for economical
reasons.
• They increase bath stability.
• They may lower the corrosion resistance.
• Concentration of phosphate ions is at least 2g/L, at
most 400g/L of total composition. 17-34g/L is
preferred.
Cr(III) Ions
• Source may be salts of Cr(III) cations.
• Another source is Cr(VI), for economical reasons.
However;
o Cr(VI) to Cr(III) conversion must be achieved.
o Thus, a reducing agent must be added, i.e. tannic acid,
alcohol (sorbitol), sucrose…
• Concentration of Cr(III) is at least 1g/L, at most
75g/L of total composition. 17-20g/L is preferred.
Ratio of Phosphate Ions to Cr(III) Ions
• It is found that reducing the ratio and adding
complex fluoride anions results in greatly improved
corrosion resistance.