A HEALTHY

LIFESTYLE, A
KEY TO A
BETTER LIFE
Michael R. Santos, RN, MD
OBJECTIVES
 Learn how to prevent lifestyle diseases
 Become aware of the different diseases that
lifestyle could be a main contributory factor
 Gain primary skills in the assessment of the
following diseases
 Know different techniques to aid in lifestyle
modifications
 Acquire competency in the recognition of
early signs and symptoms of these diseases
OVERVIEW
 Lifestyle diseases are diseases that appear to become
ever more widespread as countries become more
industrialized
 Lifestyle diseases are different from other diseases
because they are potentially preventable, and can be
lowered with changes in diet, lifestyle, and
environment
 Lifestyle diseases are a result of an inappropriate
relationship of people with their environment
 The onset of these lifestyle diseases is insidious, they
take years to develop, and once encountered do not
lend themselves easily to cure
CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS
Modifiable Risk Factors Non-Modifiable
 Diet Risk Factors
 Vices  Age
 Obesity  Sex
 Sedentary Lifestyle
 Family History
 Stress
 Race
 Work Hazard
 Environment
 Health Practices
THE DISEASES
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
 A progressive neurologic
disorder that affects the brain
resulting in cognitive
impairments
CAUSES:
 Unknown

 Potential factors- Amyloid

plaques in the brain, Oxidative
stress, neurochemical
deficiencies
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
EARLY CLINCAL MANIFESTATIONS
 Forgetfulness

 Recent memory loss

 Difficulty in learning

 Deterioration in personal hygiene

 Inability to concentrate
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
LATE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
 Difficulty in abstract thinking

 Difficulty communicating

 Severe deterioration in memory,

language and motor function
 Repetitive action- perseveration

 Personality changes
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
PREVENTION
 Healthy diet

 Moderate exercise

 Keeping mentally and socially active

 Maintaining optimum level of

glucose
 Prevent CVD
DIABETES MELLITUS (DM)
A group of metabolic diseases
characterized by elevated levels
of glucose in the blood resulting
from defects in insulin
secretion, insulin action, insulin
receptors or any combination of
conditions.
DIABETES MELLITUS (DM)

TRIAD OF SYMPTOMS
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
DIABETES MELLITUS (DM)
OTHER SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
 Body weakness

 Easily fatigued

 Visual changes

 Poor wound healing

 Recurrent skin and mucus infections

DIABETES MELLITUS (DM)
Prevention
Diet: avoid food rich in
sugar and carbohydrates
Good Exercise Regimen
Maintain a healthy weight
Regular check-up

Minimize stress
DIABETES MELLITUS
HEART ATTACK (AMI)
Death of myocardial
tissue in regions of the
heart due to an abrupt
interruption of
coronary blood supply
HEART ATTACK (AMI)
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
 Chest pain

 Difficulty of breathing

 Cold and clammy skin

 Nausea and vomiting

 Restlessness and sense of impending doom

 Irregular heart beat

 Gradual decrease in BP
HEART ATTACK (AMI)
PREVENTION
 Diet: Avoid food rich in fats and cholesterol

 Maintaining a healthy weight

 Good regular exercise program

 Prevent DM and Hypertension

 Limit stressors in life

 Have a regular wellness check-up every year

 Cultivate relaxing activities

HEART ATTACK (AMI)
TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR HIGH RISK PATIENTS

CORONA
RY
ARTERY
BYPASS
GRAFT
HEART ATTACK (AMI)
TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR HIGH RISK PATIENTS
HEART ATTACK (AMI)
TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR HIGH RISK PATIENTS

Percutaneous
Transluminal
Coronary
Angioplasty
HEART ATTACK (AMI)
TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR HIGH RISK PATIENTS

Stent
used
in
PTCA
BRAIN ATTACK (STROKE/CVA)
 An umbrella term that refers to
any functional abnormality of
the CNS related to disrupted
blood supply
 A condition due to the lack of
oxygen to the brain that may
lead to reversible or irreversible
paralysis
BRAIN ATTACK (STROKE/CVA)
BRAIN ATTACK (STROKE/CVA)
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
 Numbness or weakness
 Confusion or change of Level
of Consciousness
 Motor and speech difficulties
 Visual disturbance
 Severe headache
BRAIN ATTACK (STROKE/CVA)
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
 Know your blood pressure, have it checked
costantly, and, if it is elevated, work with your
doctor to keep it under control;
 Find out if you have atrial fibrillation, which
encourages the formation of blood clots that could
cause a stroke;
 If you smoke, stop;
 If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation;
 Find out if you have high cholesterol;
BRAIN ATTACK (STROKE/CVA)
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
 If you have diabetes, follow your physician's
recommendations to control the condition;
 Include exercise in your daily routine;
 Eat a low-salt, low-fat diet;
 Ask your physician if you have circulation problems that
could increase the risk of stroke; and
 If you experience any stroke symptoms, including sudden
weakness of the face or a limb, a blurring of vision,
dizziness, or an intense headache, seek immediate medical
attention
CANCER (CA)
 Diseases characterized by
uncontrolled, abnormal growth of
cells
 Breast is the most common CA for
women and Prostate CA for men
 Lung and Colorectal CA are both
common in men and women
CANCER (CA)
EARLY WARNING SIGNS
 Changes in bowel or bladder habits
 Sores that don't heal
 Obvious changes in a mole or wart
 Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge
 A new lump or thickening in a breast or
elsewhere
 Difficulty swallowing or frequent indigestion
 A bothersome cough or hoarseness
CANCER (CA)
PREVENTION
 Early detection of cancer
 Health awareness
 Performing monthly TSE and BSE
 Diet: Avoid fatty and processed food; Increase intake of
food rich in fiber
 Exercises
 Avoid long exposure to the harmful rays of the sun
 Stop smoking
 Alcohol in moderation
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
 A consequence of chronic liver
disease
 Irreversible chronic inflammatory
disease
 Massive degeneration and
destruction of hepatocytes
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
ETIOLOGIC FACTORS
 Post-infection

 Alcohol

 Cardiac diseases

 Schistosoma

 Biliary obstruction
 LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Normal Function Abnormality in function
1. Stores glycogen = Hypoglycemia
2. Synthesizes proteins = Hypoproteinemia
3. Synthesizes globulins =Decreased Antibody
formation
= Bleeding tendencies
4. Synthesizes Clotting factors
5. Secreting bile = Jaundice and pruritus
6. Converts ammonia to urea =Hyperammonemia
7. Stores Vit and minerals =Deficiencies of Vit and min
8. Metabolizes estrogen = Gynecomastia, testicular
atrophy
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
COMPLICATIONS
Esophageal Varices (EV)
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
COMPLICATIONS
Caput Medusae
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
COMPLICATIONS
Hemorrhoids
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
COMPLICATIONS
Ascites
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
 Avoid alcoholic beverages

 Avoid indiscriminate use of OTC drugs

 Prevent Heart Diseases

 Avoid food rich in fats and cholesterol

 Healthy sex practices

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASES (COPD)
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASES (COPD)
 These are group of disorders associated
with recurrent or persistent obstruction
of air passage and airflow, usually
irreversible
 The most common cause of COPD is
cigarette smoking. Chronic bronchitis,
Emphysema and Bronchiectasis are the
common disorders.
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASES (COPD)

CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS  Cold and clammy
 Shortness of breath skin
 Difficulty of breathing  Chest retractions

 Easily fatigued  Skin paleness

 Restlessness
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASES (COPD)

E
M
P
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S
E
M
A
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASES (COPD)
B
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C
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CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASES (COPD)
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASES (COPD)
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
 Stop smoking

 Avoid second hand smoking

 Wear appropriate masks if working in

hazardous conditions
 Oral and bronchial hygiene

 Avoid recurring respiratory infections

 Increase body resistance

PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
is an ulcer (defined as
mucosal erosions equal to
or greater than 0.5 cm) of
an area of the
gastrointestinal tract that
is usually acidic and thus
extremely painful
PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
 Severe abdominal pain

 Feeling of fullness and bloatedness

 Nausea and vomiting

 Hematemesis (Blood in the vomitus)

 Melena (Black and tarry stool)

 Excessive salivation (Ptyalism)

PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
 Avoid fatty and spicy food and increase intake
of high fiber food; limit intake of highly acidic
beverages
 Eat right on time, do not skip meals

 Avoid indiscriminate use of NSAIDs

 Eliminate stressors in life

 Stop smoking

 Moderate alcohol consumption

HYPERTENSION
Increase in the blood
pressure exceeding 30
mmHg in the systolic
pressure and 20 mmHg
in the diastolic pressure
HYPERTENSION
CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS
 Hypercholesterolemia
 Obesity
 DM, Heart & Renal Diseases
 Fatty Liver
 Sex
 Age
 Family History
 Sedentary Lifestyle
HYPERTENSION
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS
 Dizziness and headache

 Blurring of vision

 Nausea and vomiting

 Edema

 Cold and clammy skin

HYPERTENSION
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
 Weight reduction

 Reducing dietary sugar intake

 Decrease table salt consumption

 Increase intake food rich in fiber

 Stop smoking

 Moderate consumption of alcohol

 Eliminate stressors in life

10 GOOD
LIFESTYLE
PRACTICES
1. STOP SMOKING
2. ADD ACTIVITY
3. CONTROL YOUR WEIGHT
4. EAT PLENTY OF
FRUITS & VEGGIES
5. EAT LOW-FAT DIET
6. FILL UP ON FIBER
7. SUPPLEMENT YOUR DIET
8. MODERATION IN ALCOHOL
9. GET SCREENED
10. KNOW YOUR RISK FACTOR
“AN OUNCE OF
PREVENTION IS
BETTER THAN A
POUND OF CURE.”
 THE
END
Thank You Very Much!