Implementation of the Six Channel Redundancyto achieve fault tolerance in testing of satellites
.
H S Aravinda Dr H D Maheshappa Dr Ranjan MoodithayaDept of ECE, REVA ITM, Director & Principal, E PC ET Head, KTM Division, NAL,Bangalore-64, Karnataka, India Bangalore- 40, Karnataka, India Bangalore-17, Karnataka, India
Abstract
:-
This paper aims to implement the six channelredundancy to achieve fault tolerance in testing of satelliteswith acoustic spectrum. We mainly focus here on achievingfault tolerance. An immediate application is the microphonedata acquisition and to do analysis at the Acoustic Test Facility(ATF) centre, National Aerospace Laboratories. It has an 1100cubic meter reverberation chamber in which a maximumsound pressure level of 157 dB is generated. The six channelRedundancy software with fault tolerant operation is devisedand developed. The data are applied to program written in Clanguage. The program is run using the Code Composer Studioby accepting the inputs. This is tested with the TMS 320C 6727DSP, Pro Audio Development Kit (PADK).
Key words: Fault Tolerance, Redundancy, Acoustics.
I.
INTRODUCTIONAcoustic Test Facility is a national facility for acousticenvironmental qualification of satellites, launch vehiclestages and their subsystems for the ISRO [1]. The ATFhas a reverberation chamber (RC) for simulating theacoustic environment experienced by spacecraft and launchvehicles during launch [2]. The RC has a diffused uniformsound pressure level distribution. Its wall surface ensuresreflectance of 99% of the sound energy. It is used forsimulating the acoustic environment experienced byspacecraft and launch vehicles during the launch. The onesuch facility is shown in Fig.1.Fig.1.
View of the Reverberation Chamber
The Indian Space Research Organization launches numberof satellites for application in communication [5], remotesensing, meteorology etc. The powerful launch vehicles areused to accelerate the satellite through the earth
’
s
atmosphere and to make it an artificial earth satellite. TheLaunch Vehicles [6] used will generate high levels of soundduring lift-off and Tran
’
s
atmospheric acceleration. Thepayload satellites experiences mechanical loads of variousfrequencies and load on the vehicle from acoustic sourcesdue to two factors. One is Rocket vehicle generated noise atlift-off, and the other is an aerodynamic noise caused byturbulence, particularly at frontal area transition. Theacoustic field thus created is strong enough to damage thedelicate payload. The sources of acoustics, its combinedspectrum are shown in fig.2 and fig.3.
Fig.2. the load on the vehicle from two acoustic sources.
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(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 8, No. 1, April 201081
Fig.3. The combined spectra from the two acoustic sources.
Faults and failures are not acceptable due to high cost of satellites. Hence, all payload satellites should undergo anacoustic test before launching under simulated conditionsand are tested for their endurance of such dynamic loads.The satellite is subjected to maximum overall soundpressure level to ensure the functional aspects of all the testsetup. Acoustic test is a major dynamic test for qualificationof space systems and components. The purpose of the testsare, Search for weak elements in the subsystem with respectto acoustic failure. The Qualification tests to demonstratespacecraft performance in meeting design goals set.Acceptance tests to uncover workmanship nature of defects.
II.
ACOUSTIC TESTING
The acoustic environment inside the Reverberation Chamberis created by modulating a stream of clean and dry air atabout 30 PSI pressure using electro pneumatic transducers.The drive signal is derived from a random noise generatorand modified by a spectrum shaper. The microphone datafrom the RC is observed on a real time analyzer and thespectrum shaper outputs are adjusted to achieve the targetspectrum. There are two sets of modulators, one deliveringan acoustic power of 60KW in the 31.5 Hz to 500 Hz andthe others delivering 20 KW in the 200 to 1200 Hz range,the spectrum beyond 1200 HZ is controlled to some extentusing the effects of the higher harmonics by changing thespectral contents of the drive to the modulators. Theacoustic excitation is coupled to the RC through optimallyconfigured exponential horns to achieve efficient transfer of the acoustic energy into the chamber. The chamber wallsurface treatment design ensures reflectance of 99% of thesound energy incident on them. The chamber has a diffuseduniform, sound pressure level distribution with in
1dB inthe central ten percent of volume of the chamber where thetest specimen is located. The spectrum for almost allcontemporary launch vehicles around the world can berealized in the RC, like the US Delta, Atlas Centaur, TitanIIIC, Space Shuttle, Ariane 4 & 5 of the ESA, Vostok,Soyuz of Russia and ASLV, PSLV and GSLV of India.
A.
Requirements For acoustic Testing of Satellite are
Noise generation unit, Spectrum Shapers, Poweramplifiers and horns (two), Reverberation Chamber, Microphones and Multiplexer, Real time frequency (spectrum)analyzer, Graphic recorder and display, Tape recorder forrecording, Accelerometers, Charge amplifier and datarecorder, Dual channel analyzer and plotter.The satellite is kept in RC and the high frequency high levelspectrum characteristics of the launch vehicle are generatedand its dynamic behavior is studied. It is essential that theacoustic noise generated is a true simulation of the launchvehicle acoustic spectrum, and it is the input acoustic load tobe simulated in the RC and is specified as SPL (soundpressure level) in dB verses frequency. The spectrum of various launch vehicles like delta, atlas centaur, titan-IIIC,Arianne, vostok, ASLV, PSLV, GSLV.., and Indiansatellites like IRS, INSAT.., are realizable in theReverberation Chamber. Each launch vehicle has uniquespectral features and is drawn in Octave Band CentreFrequencies (OBCF), in the range from 31.5 Hz to 16 kHz.
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(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 8, No. 1, April 201082
The Three levels of acceptance of acoustic spectrum are ,first is Full level or Qualification test, it is normally for 120seconds and Maximum of 156dB, second is Acceptancelevel test, it is normally for 60 or 90 seconds and Maximumof 153dB, third is a Low level test, it is normally for 30seconds and Maximum of 150dB.
III.
IMPLEMENTATION
Fault tolerant application software to ensure data integrity willbe developed. This paper is implemented by taking the sixchannel data from reverberation chamber and is applied as theinput to the program. The six microphones data are connected tothe
TMS 320C 6727 DSP, Pro Audio Development Kit (PADK)
after signal conditioning via analog to digital converters. All sixmicrophone data is fed to DSP processor as shown in Fig.5. TheFFT is taken for all the six channel data and are compared witheach other to find out which channel microphone data is good orbad. A threshold level is maintained to check the validity of themicrophone. If the data is well with in the threshold it isaccepted or else it will be rejected. Here if the two channelmicrophone data is bad then it will only be identified.
Fig.5. Block Diagram representation for six channel redundancymanagement technique.
IV. TEST AND RESULTS
The data is extracted using the six microphone channels. Itis fed to the TMS320C 6727 DSP,
Pro Audio Development Kit (PADK) for further processing
using the CodeComposer Studio for different cases. The data is applied asan input to the program written in C language and is runusing the code composer studio. The results are obtained fordifferent cases are shown below.
Fig.6. input data
1
Comment: The six channel input data, indicating channel 5is going bad (low) from duration 4 -10.
Fig.7. output data 1
Comment: The six channel output data, indicating all aregood except channel 5 is going bad, which is reflected aslow from the duration 4-10.
Fig.8. input data 2
Comment: The six channel input data, indicating channel 2is going bad (high) from duration 2.5 -10.
Sc-1Sc-2Sc-3Sc-4Sc-5Sc-6ADCADCADCADCADC
TMS320C6727DSPPADK,KIT
ADC
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Implementation of the Six Channel Redundancy to achieve fault tolerance in testing of satellites
This paper aims to implement the six channel redundancy to achieve fault tolerance in testing of satellites with acoustic spectrum. We mainly focus here on achieving fault tolerance. An immediate application is the microphone data acquisition…
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