NANOTECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY:-
BHARTI D. MULCHANDANI,
SEM – IV, ELECT. & COMM. ENGG,
GOVT. ENGG. COLLEGE,
SEC – 26,
GANDHINAGAR.
BASIC DEFINITION

• Engineering of functional systems

at the molecular scale.

• In its original sense, 'nanotechnology’

refers to the projected ability to
construct items from the bottom up,
using techniques and tools
Meaning of Nanotechnology

• Nanotechnology is the
science and engineering of
nanometer scale objects.

• Nanotechnology
involves the manufacture
and manipulation of
molecules from 1-100
nanometers in size.
BIFURCATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

• NANO-SCIENCE
• NANO-ROBOTS
• NANO-SENSORS
• NANO-FABRICATION
• NANO-COMPOSITES
• NANO-ENCAPSULATION
• NANO-ENGINEERED MATERIALS
NANO-SCIENCE

• Nano science is the

study of atoms,
molecules, and objects
whose size is on the
nanometer scale.

• The word itself is a

combination of nano,
from the Greek “nanos”
(or Latin “nanus”),
meaning “Dwarf”, and
science.
 
 • Nanoscience and
NANO-SCIENCE nanotechnology are an
extension of the field of
materials science, and
materials science
departments at
universities around the
world in conjunction with
physics, mechanical
engineering,
bioengineering, and
chemical engineering
departments are leading
the breakthroughs in
nanotechnology.
 Nano Devices
• Nano-devices have a size of
only a few nanometres.

• Research has been carried

out into very small
components, many of which
depend on quantum effects
The interaction of "spin and may involve movement of
waves" emitted by two a very small number of
nano-oscillators that
generate microwave
electrons in their action.
signals.

• Such devices would act

faster than larger components.
 • Nanoparticles are small
Nano-particles lipid vesicles in the range
of nanometers (10-9m).

• The best way to

characterize them is to
compare them with
liposomes and emulsions.

• Liposomes and
nanoparticles are of
comparable size. Both
occur in the range from 20
to 1000 nm in diameter.
Whereas liposomes are
composed of one or more
bilayer membranes,
nanoparticles are formed
by a single layered shell.
Activity of Nanoparticles

• Nanoparticles are small lipid vesicles

formed by a monolayer of phospholipids.
Whereas liposomes are typical carriers for
water substances, nanoparticles are the
ideal delivery system to transport and
protect organic agents.

• Nanoparticles are very stable and have a

high affinity to the skin. Therefore, an
enhanced bioavailability of the
encapsulated material to the skin is
achieved.
 Nano-robots
• Nanorobots are miniature machines that
function on the scale of individual atoms and
molecules.

• They can work together in response to

environment stimuli and programmed principles
to produce macroscale results.  

• Nano-Robots can respond with cells in the

human body at a molecular level for more
targeted diagnosis and targeted curing of
diseases. 
Nanorobots Inside Our Bodies!
Here, a
nanorobot
delivers a
molecule to
the organ
inlet --
represented
by the white
cylinder.
Nano-Robots

This
screenshot
shows the
molecular
identification
by collisions
contact.
In this
diagram, you
can see the
workflow of a
nanorobot
gathering
information
and
biomolecules.
 • Miniaturized radio-
NANO-SENSORS frequency devices

• Flexible circuits and

hybrid fluid/electronic
circuits using polymer
and elastomer
lithography

• Integrated chemical
and biological sensors

• Nano-Raman
spectrometer in a chip
 NANO-SENSORS
• Ultra-thin carbon foils
are key components of
numerous science
instruments currently in
space and proposed for
future space missions.

• These foils are

approximately 0.5 µg
cm2, equivalent to
approximately 3 nm or
approximately 20 atoms
thick
NANO-ENGINEERED MATERIALS

• Multilayered optical thin films

• Solid electrolytes

• High-temperature alloys and

ceramics

The figure • Molecular clusters for

shows a
diamond like catalysis
carbon (DLC)
thin film.
NANO-ENGINEERED MATERIALS
• Metal-containing
carbon nanotubes
• Molecularly
imprinted polymers
for sensor
development
• Biologically
functional coatings
for medical implants
• Enhanced heat-
transfer fluids
NANO- • Low-temperature ductility
COMPOSITES • High dielectric
capabilities
• Unique optical properties
• High-temperature
superplasticity
• High material strength
• Improved scratch and
corrosion resistance
• Enhanced drug delivery
• Increased radiation
adsorption
• Improved pathogen
mitigation
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Fuel Cells
Concentration on Solid
Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and
are developing new fuel cell
components and designs
using nano sized oxide
materials . These will be
used in various components
in the fuel cell and new
construction techniques to
use them more effectively.
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Ignitors
• By using
nanomaterial
precursors, a new line
of energetic materials
with enhanced
performance can be
developed.

• This incorporates
high safety features.
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nanoscale devices

Many micro-devices that

involve building features
at the nanoscale,
including switched, RF
comms, guidance
systems and sensors
(biomedical, pressure,
acoustic) are developed.
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Modelling Structure
• This shows a
molecular model of the
polymeric component of
bone.
• These link the mineral
platelets and are
~1.5nm in diameter
and the helix has a
pitch of 10nm.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
POISON / TOXICITY: It could adversely
affect the stability of cell membranes or
disturb the immune system when inhaled
or digested.

WEAPONS: The nano-weapons may be

compared to weapon concepts such as
genetically engineered bacteria or viruses
though their terrorism applications are
clear.