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Dedication

To every person interested in the heritage of our country and its museums

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Table of contents

Introduction 9

Foundation of the National Museum 13

Location of the National Museum 14

Elements of the National Museum 14

Contents of the National Museum 14

Masterpieces from the National Museum 14

Pottery 18

Ceramic 19

Metals 20

Stones 21

Glass 22

Fossils 23

Folklore Heritage 24

Traditional Architecture 25

History of Oil 26

Photo Album 27

Conclusion 83

Bibliography 87

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Forward:

This handbook on the Masterpieces from the National Museum in Riyadh is issued on the occasion of the World Museums Day and within the framework of the efforts exerted by the Advisory Committee of the National Museum to introduce it and its valuable findings which display the original past and reflect civilizations which have been existent for various time eras.

Generally speaking, museums reflect peoples' civilizations, enhance patriotism, and playa vital role in serving culture and heritage. In addition, they monitor and document the history of nations and traditions of peoples through their cultural programs. They also provide an image of the cultural momentum and indicate how far the society is aware of the importance of historical documentation in its capacity as a valuable heritage which should be preserved for the generations to come.

From this perspective, museum visitors have the opportunity to be acknowledged with the cultures and civilizations of nations through their antiquity collections. Similarly, children and youth visits to the museums widen their senses, elevate their cultural sense and encourage them to appreciate monuments and heritage as well as understand the value and importance of preserving historical monuments.

Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Delayl Bint Mutlaq Al-Kahtani, Manager of the Women's Department in the National Museum, for preparing this handbook. I would like also to thank Dr. Abdullah Ibn Ibrahim Al-Umair, assistant deputy of King Saud University for Educational and Academic Affairs, for his participation in revision and verification. I hope there will be many similar issues in all the regional museums of the Kingdom and that such handbooks shall be translated into foreign languages to serve the culture and history of our country and build knowledge cornerstones which achieve cultural bridges and communication between the peoples of the world.

May Allah grant us success

Adelah Bint Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Chairperson of the Advisory Committee

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Introduction :

This handbook provides a presentation of many archeological pieces and antiquities exhibited in the National Museum which are variant in terms of age ranging from th~ pre and post Islam eras, the following periods until the era of the Saudi state. The National Museum. is full of many heritage antiquities which are considered important scientific resources for researchers, students, visitors and other interested persons. c:ert(iin examplesof the museum exhibits were selected to be identified in addition to the commandment given to the equipment of the museum halls that comprise antiquities and monument materials, documents, manuscripts, portraits, maps, drawingamaquettes, documentaries and simulation movies using the state-of-the-art technologies with the aim of providing the readers what-they seek to know about the museum and its exhibits as masterpieces and important sources of knowledge for the generations to come.

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Foundation of the National Museum:

The General Authority of Tourism and Antiquities represented by the Antiquities and Museums Sector is the official agency responsible for the Kingdom's antiquities and cultural heritage. Within its short life span and with support by the Custodian of the two Holy Mosques and His Royal Highness the Crown Prince, the Authority took pioneering steps towards the protection and preservation of the homeland antiquities and heritage as well as developing the sense towards its importance and moral and archeological value. On the 21 st of Muharram 1389 AH (corresponding to December 1977 AD), the National Museum was inaugurated in the city of Riyadh as the first official museum in its first premises in the old building of the General Directorate of Antiquities and Museums in Al-Shemesi District. Despite its limited area and the scarcity of its exhibits at that time, it included concentrated information on the ancient and Islamic civilizations in the territories of the KSA based on its important historical and geographical location in the world. The Museum was one of the main direct resources for students and researchers. It was a destination for the visits of students of schools, institutes, colleges and the official delegations of the country.

The state, driven by the desire towards development and modernization in this field and the advancement of the antiquity studies and explorations, felt the importance of establishing a large national museum in a suitable place at the heart of the city of Riyadh. Therefore, the Royal Approval on the establishment of the National Museum project in the historical district of Al-Muraba was issued on 1478 AH so as to constitute one of the landmarks in King Abdul Aziz Historical Center. His Royal Highness Prince Salman bin Abdul Aziz placed the cornerstone for the project on Tuesday the 14th of Muharram 1418 AH. The High Commission for the Development of Riyadh implemented the project as per high quality engineering and architecture specifications where ad hoc committees of the Antiquities and Museums Sector and Antiquities Department in King Saud University were assigned to prepare exhibits, prepare scientific materials and museum display method by using a modern and artistic methodology dedicated for addressing museum presentations. The Museum was inaugurated on Shawwal 5th 1419 AH corresponding to 1999 AD during the reign of the late Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz (may Allah rest his soul) and this date coincides with the 100 years anniversary of King Abdul Aziz's conquest of Riyadh.

The Museum is an example of modern museums. It is distinguished by the fact that the division of its halls, museum presentations, explanation, illustrations and movies aims at interpreting the human history as derived from the fixed truths of Islam on the creation of man and his succession to live on the earth. The museum presentation is attractive and suitable for all age groups. It is also useful for the educational and training applications in geology, astronomy, history, and civilization throughout the various ages and epochs of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Museum received, since its inauguration, many scheduled visits by universities, institutes, schools, governmental agencies, companies and official visitors in addition to distinguished visiting museum shows for many world well-known museums and antiquities houses. There are also various programs, exhibitions and events that were organized by the Museum to the benefit of a large segment of the community.

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Location of the National Museum:

The National Museum is located in King Abdul Aziz Historical Center at Al-Muraba District at the heart of the city of Riyadh. This location was selected for its historical value where the Palace of King Abdul Aziz was situated. The Palace of King Abdul Aziz was built on 1357 AH corresponding to 1938 AD. It was the premises of the Royal Divan at that time and it was surrounded by residential palaces. The Museum was constructed on a total area of about 217000 square meters and the total buildings area was around 28000 square meters.

Elements of the National Museum:

The Museum comprises 10 exhibition halls in two floors: the first and second floors and two halls of them are temporary exhibition halls. In addition, there are the management building, collections warehouse, research facilities and labs. The 8 exhibition halls are classified as per subjects such as the natural, cultural, political and religious evolution of the Arabian Peninsula in addition to the KSA development across the ages. The museum exhibits are varied in these halls to include antiquities, documents, manuscripts, paintings, maquettes of cities and structures in addition to electronic presentation media including scientific documentaries.

The Museum exhibition outlines the history of the Arabian Peninsula since ancient times up to the modern age through chronological subjects in the halls which are divided into two parts. The first part comprises 3 halls in the ground floor that represent the pre-Islamic era; man and the universe, Arabian kingdoms and pre-Islam era. Then, the visitor goes up to the first floor to the hall of the Prophet Mohammade-s Mission and then crosses a bridge leading to the hall of Islam and the Arabian Peninsula, the hall of the First and Second Saudi States, the hall of the Unification of the Kingdom and goes down again to the Hajj and Two Holy Mosques Hall.

Contents of the National Museum:

The National Museum contains huge exhibition materials that represent models of natural material, monuments and heritage antiquities in addition to documents, manuscripts, photos and maps. Such materials are classified in terms of their full coverage of all the regions of the KSA whether north, south, east or west.

Total exhibits in the National Museum amount to 3474 museum articles including 3356 antiquities distributed on 221 exhibition shows in addition to the exhibits of early history which reach 77 antiquities and the 41 uncovered great antiquity exhibits displayed in corners that fit their subjects.

Masterpieces from the Halls of the National Museum:

The exhibition halls are the most attractive sites for visits among the public places due to the diversification and excitement included and at the same time they represent an important cultural center for the city of Riyadh in particular and the KSA in general. The particularity of the place stems from the state-of-the-art techniques used in the museum show with regard to antiquities, documents, manuscripts, exhibition Committees, maps, drawings, maquettes, documentaries and simulation movies. Each hall is equipped with a theatre that accommodates 20 persons and in certain halls the number may reach 100 persons with written signs hanged on the walls of the hall including detailed explanations of the most prominent events displayed in the hall in both the Arabic and English languages.

The most remarkable issue in this hall is the di versification, density and excellence of the exhibits. Some models of such masterpieces are classified.

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Masterpieces from the National Museum

Pottery:

Pottery is made of clay burnt into fire after it has been naturally dried to acquire new pbysical and chemical reactionary properties leading to a change in color and it is later turned into a solid porous object. Large quantities of potteries and earthenware of different sbapes and sizes were found in various regions of the KSA such as Taimaa, Dawmat-Al-Jandal, Traut, Najran and other areas. After classification, it was noted that they were either made manually or by use of wheel or both.

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Ceramic:

Ceramic ware are coated with a thin layer of glass. Then they are burnt again until the paint is melted and stuck to the clay body where pores are covered and they got brighter and prettier to reflect the elements added to the product. The ceramic ware masterpieces in the Museum display the art of making ceramic ware and its development in terms of multicolor, lines, spirals and points. Multiple styles of ceramic were found in different shapes with multiple uses such as vases, dishes and jugs of different shapes and ornamentations in terms of their

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Metals:

Metals are solid non-organic materials found naturally in earth. Ancient man knew metals such as copper, which is the most common metal, bronze and gold. From these metals, tools, instruments,jewellery and other objects were fabricated. The Museum comprises metals in their raw state and a set of metal pieces of which man made his tools, instruments and jewellery. Archaeological excavations in many sites in the KSA revealed many metal ware such as jars, knifes, needles, candles, pot handles and weights as well as human, animal sculpts and weapons.

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Stones:

The Stone Age man knew successful techniques in manufacturing his stone tools by means of chopping and treating the stone nucleus to fit his living and daily life requirements particularly that such objects are made of flit and quartz stones. However, there are indications that the soap stone was one of the most widely used stone because it is easy to carve and shape it. Large quantities of such stones were discovered in many sites such as the Archeological Trench in Najran and Al-Dawadmi in Riyadh. The key stone tools are grinders, basins, and tombstones. There are tools that indicate that the Stone Age man who lived in the Arabian Peninsula knew how to shape stones in a certain way to be with sharp ends such as arrows, scrapers and dual clipping tools.

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Glass:

Class industry was known in the year 2000 BC and since then glass became essential for the human daily life and was used in producing pots, ornamental accessories ... etc. Remnants of glass pieces such as bracelets, rings, perfume bottles and cosmetics were also found. Many glass models of different shapes and types were discovered in various sites in the KSA.

Fossils:

Fossils are remnants of animals and plants that were naturally preserved and their existence under the earth surface for thousands of years contributed to providing a proof of the change of the ecological system on earth across the ages where they turned into natural rock formations that took the original shape of the fossil type.

Fossils are discussed in the science of Paleontology which is concerned with the study of the ancient lifesty les in terms of their evolution and history as well as their living environments, correlation with the ancient ages and the impact of the environmental changes on animals and plants.

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Folklore Heritage:

Folklore is the cultural legacy produced and developed by man without using modem tools such as household ware, weapons, clothes, ornamental accessories and traditional architecture. This cultural legacy in the KSA is deeply rooted in history as a record for the struggle and suffering of past generations and their adaptation with the hard and poor life. The folklore antiquities in the National Museum were collected from different sources to form a heritage resource explaining the social, economic, and cultural life of the KSApeople.

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Traditional Architecture:

Traditional architecture is meant to indicate the inherent folklore construction styles that depended on local building techniques and materials that display the skills of the builders to utilize local environmental resources in the construction and building of houses to reflect the architectural drawings, models and the high level of fine artistic ornamentations of the population. The Museum comprises different architectural models that represent all regions of the KSA.

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History of Oil:

The Museum comprises samples of the raw oil that reflect its natural resources and types. Through these samples, the story of how oil was formed and means of its extraction could be told particularly in connection to organisms included in its formation. Such organisms were dissolved millions of years ago and were buried under depths of hundreds of meters of sediments where oil was the product of the dissolution of such organisms.

Oil was discovered in the KSA in 1357 AH.

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The Museum further comprises creative and well-designed wall paintings to fit the huge equipment of the Museum in addition to maquettes representing some of the archeological landmark sites in the KSA that materially capture the visitor to site.

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Astronomical instrument of the excellent deeds of Muslim scholars

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Minaret beacon of the Sacred Mosque in Mecca - Ottoman Era

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Two lead weights to fix the Ka'abah cover (Kiswah)

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Thag Treasure: a girl tomb in Thag city to the north of the KSA in which remnants of a girl skeleton ornamented gold jewelry was found (1 AD or 2 BC)

A piece of jewelry made of gold, cornelian and ultramarine - Ain Jawin in the eastern region

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tons and the iron ratio in the rock is about 85%

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Bronze works representing animal organs: a bird wing and an animal hom - Tabuk region (1 BC)

Examples of war tools in the Saudi Era (a buckler and shield)

A sword with golden copper blade

Women jewellery displaying ornamentations through the handicraft and the skill of the jeweller

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Desert rose: an example of metal groups and crystalline rocks

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Engraved stone from Al-Nakiha site in Najran region

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~L..,.,p~I~I~-c.;:..l~d~~j'~0Au1~~a.s:,.L..:.:;...,"J~W~~~ Cubic cross carved stone with engravings in both sides of religious style - Al-Hamara Palace - Taimaa

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Two candle holders made of Soap Stone (the Abbasid era)

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jWI ~ - ~),':"'j <I..:k ~l..4..:s ~4-j (j"t5 Ornamented transparent glass cup - Al-Faw Village

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Folklore heritage: writing tools, documents and ancient books

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A model of mastodon elephant: an extinct animal which lived in the Arabian Peninsula 12-17 million years ago

Jaw and canine of the mastodon elephant - the Eastern Region

Fossil trees

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~y..ll ~I-~ '::'~j wlj..ll:~ c...ly:; Folkloric heritage: personal articles and tools - the Western Region

u1j4- ~ -~~I til.,p.J1 o- wlj..llj c...>-"':'~ :~ c...Iy:; Folkloric heritage: daily life tools and garments - Jazan

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Folkloric heritage: pearl weighing and sorting tools - the Eastern Region

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A wall painting simulating the early migrations of the Arab tribes and confirming that the Arabian Peninsula is the original homeland of the Arabs

The events of the pre-migration era (Hijrah), the parentage of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), his breeding, trip to the Greater Syria, marriage and placement of the Black Stone

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A large rectangular wall painting designed in a creative way displaying the migration of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) from Mecca to Madina and is decorated with oily paints on colored ceramic

The painting includes the monotheism word: "there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His Prophet" in the stone color

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The remainder of the above painting representing Urn Mabad tent

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A painting indicating to the first mosque built in Islam

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A model of Umar bin Al-Khattab mosque in Dawmat AI-Jandal- Al-Jouf

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A model of Muawiya Dam - Al- Madina Al-Munawwarah

A model of a rest house in Hajj routes to provide pilgrims with water, accommodation and security

A model of the innovative methods of excavating water wells by Arabs to raise the level of water in wells and the techniques of use

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A model of a temple in AI-Faw site found by the archeological excavations and is distinguished with integration of all its architectural elements

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A model of engraved tomb at Al-Hajar site in AI-Ula district - Al-Madina Al-Munawwarah

Conclusion

At present, the role of museums, with the scientific development in all fields all over the world, became like open schools where their tangible and visual message is directed towards all groups of the community in the form of general culture and specialized knowledge. The issue to be confirmed is that the aim of displaying such masterpieces is to illustrate examples of the huge exhibits in the Museum. They are also an invitation to all citizens and expatriates to visit this cultural establishment to be inspired by the lessons appropriate to all family members particularly that the Museum contains many valuable exhibits under one ceiling. It is clear that the function of the museums is not only limited to displaying and maintaining archeological pieces, but they also became cultural institutions having multiple functions and purposes. The scientific and cultural aspect of those exhibits became the top functions of the Museum. Museums became a necessity for learning, knowhow acquisition, expanding and providing culture in a tangible and interesting manner to contribute to edifying and raising the awareness of the community.

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Visit schedules of the National Museum:

Days Al'Vl PM
9M -
Saturday Schools / boys Closed for
maintenance
Sunday Schools / girls Families
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Monday Schools / boys Families
Tuesday Schools / girls Families
Wednesday Schools / boys Families
Thursday Schools / boys Families
Friday Closed Families ~~~ I ul )lio J .~J Museum Guide in the KSA

• AI-Dammam Museum:

The museum is located In a part of Al-Dammam Public Library on an area of 1281 m-, The museum was opened for visitors in 1405 AH corresponding to 1985 AD and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Library

4. Warehouses

Schedule of visits:

Morning period: from 8 am to 2.30 pm Evening period: from 4 pm to 9 pm

Address:

Al-Dammam, KSA, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities

Tel: 03/8266056 Fax: 03/8266056

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• Taimaa Museum:

The museum was built in 1403 AH corresponding to 1983 AD on an area of 7850 m". The museum was opened for visitors in 1407 AH corresponding to 1987 AD and it includes the following:

1. Management

2. Survey and painting labs

3. Photographing labs

4. TV show hall

5. Researcher's residence

6. Library

7. Warehouses

Schedule of visits:

Morning period: from 8 am to 2.30 pm Evening period: from 4 pm to 9 pm Free entry

Address:

Taimaa, KSA, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities, Taimaa Museum

Tel: 04/4631813 - Fax: 104/4631807

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• Al-Ihsaa Museum:

The museum was built in 1403 AH corresponding to 1983 AD on an area of 7000 m", The museum was opened for visitors in 1407 AH corresponding to 1987 AD and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Survey and painting labs

4. Photographing labs

5. Restoration and lab hall

6. TV show hall

7. Researchers' residence

8. Library

9. Warehouses

Schedule of visits:

Morning period: from 8 am to 2.30 pm Evening period: from 4 pm to 9 pm Thursdays: from 9 am to 1 am

Fridays: from 4 pm to 8.30 pm

Address:

Al-Hufuf, KSA, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities, Al-Ihsaa Museum

Tel: 03/5802639- 5803942 Fax: 04/5816141

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• Al-Baha Museum:

The museum was built on an area of 2000 m-. The museum was opened for visitors in 1424 AH corresponding to 2003 AD and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Library

4. Warehouses

Schedule of visits:

Morning period: from 8 am to 2.30 pm Evening period: from 4 pm to 9 pm

Address:

AI-Baha, KSA, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities, Al-Baha Museum

Tel: 0717252052 - Fax: 07177251488

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• National Museum in Riyadh:

The Museum was built in 1417 AH corresponding 1997 AD on an area of 17.000 m? .The Museum was opened for visitors on 511 011419 AH corresponding to 2211 /1999 2003 AD during the celebration of the 100 years anniversary of Riyadh conquest and the Museum includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Survey and painting labs

4. Photographing labs

5. Restoration and lab hall

6. TV show hall

7. Recording and documentation

8. Library

9. Warehouses

Address:

Riyadh, Al-Muraba, KSA, King Abdul Aziz Historical Center P.O Box 3734, Riyadh 11481

Tel: 01/4029500:. Fax: 01/4029976

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• Mecca Museum:

The museum was established at Al-Zaher Palace on an area of 3425 m? and was completed in 1365 AH corresponding to 1946 AD by virtue of a decree of the late King Abdul Aziz AI-Saud (may Allah rest his soul). The museum was used for a while as a hospitality palace. In 1378 AH, it was used as headquarters for Al-ZaherPreparatory School. In Shaaban 10th, 1427, the palace was opened for visitors as a museum for Mecca region displaying antiquities and archeological pieces after restoring the palace to its previous state at the time of building and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. VIP visitors hall

3. Management

4. Lecture hall

5. Library Warehouses:

Morning period: from 8.30 am to 12.30 pm Evening period: from 4 pm to 9 pm Thursdays and Fridays: from 5 pm to 8.30 pm Address:

AI-Zaher District, Al-Madina Al-Munawwarah Road, next to King Abdul Aziz Hospital, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities

P.O Box 3734, Riyadh 11481

Tel: 02/5471044 - Fax: 02/5471815

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• Al-Jouf Museum:

The museum was built in 1402 AH corresponding to 1982 AD on an area of 8000 m-. The museum was opened for visitors in 1407 AH corresponding to 1987 AD and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Survey and painting labs

4. Photographing labs

5. Restoration and lab hall

6. TV show hall

7. Researchers' residence

8. Library

9. Warehouses

Schedule of visits:

Morning period: from 8 am to 12 pm Evening period: from 5 pm to 7 pm

Address:

Dawmat Al-Jandal, KSA, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities, Al-Jouf Antiquities and Archeological Museum.

Tel: 04/6222151 - Fax: 04/6223876

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• AI-Ula Museum:

The museum was built in 1405 AH corresponding to 1985 AD on an area of 10380 m". The museum was opened for visitors in 1407 AH corresponding to 1987 AD and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Survey and painting labs

4. Photographing labs

5. Restoration and lab hall

6. TV show hall

7. Researchers' residence

8. Library

9. Warehouses

Schedule of visits:

Morning period: from 8 am to 12 pm. Evening period: from 5 pm to 7 pm.

Address:

AI-Ula, KSA, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities, AI-Ula Museum

Tel: 04/8841536 - Fax: 04/8840585

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• AI-Taif Museum:

Shu bra Historical Palace was built in Shubra District in AI- Taif in 1323 AHI 1905 AD and it is considered one of the most important palaces in Hijaz Region due to the events that marked it. It is remarkable for its unique architectural style as it combines both Roman and Islamic sty les as per the traditional architecture of Hijaz Region. It consists of an underground floor and 4 upper floors in addition to external annexes and gardens. Since its establishment and for 9 decades, the palace has been a symbol of political life in the KSA until it was turned into a museum for AI-Taif Province. The museum was opened for visitors in 1415 AH corresponding to 1995 AD and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Photographing labs

4. Restoration and lab hall

5. Library

6. Visiting exhibition hall

7. Warehouses Schedule of visits:

Morning period: from 8 am to 2.30 pm Evening period: from 4 pm to 9 pm Address:

Al-Taif, KSA, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities, Shubra Historical Museum

Tel: 0217321033 - Fax: 02/3269642

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• Tabuk Museum:

The museum is located in the exhibition hall at Tabuk Educational Department on an area of 500 m? and it was opened for visitors in 1425 AH corresponding to 2004 AD and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Library

4. Warehouses

Schedule of visits:

Morning period: from 8 am to 2.30 pm Evening period: from 4 pm to 9 pm

Address:

Tabuk, KSA, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities, Tabuk Museum for Antiquities and Archeology

Tel: 04/422129 extension 287 - Fax: 04/4227111

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• Northern Borders Museum:

The museum was inaugurated and in 1428 AH corresponding to 2007 AD and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Warehouses

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Morning period: from 9 am to 12 pm Evening period: from 4.30 pm to 9.30 pm

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• Hail Museum:

The museum was built on an area of 1500 m? and was opened for visitors in 1425 AH corresponding to 2004 AD and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Library

4. Warehouses

Schedule of visits:

Morning period: from 9 am to 12 pm Evening period: from 4 pm to 7 pm

Address:

Hail, KSA, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities, Hail Museum

Tel: 06/5331684 _ Fax: 06/5340096

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• Jeddah Museum:

The museum was established inside the Palace of the late King Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman AI-Saud (may Allah rest his soul) "Khuzam Palace in Jeddah" which was built in 1340 AH corresponding to 1923 AD. The Palace was turned into a museum and was inaugurated on 17/10/1415 AH corresponding to 18/3/1995 AD and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Photographing labs

4. Restoration and lab hall

5. Library

6. Visiting exhibition hall

7. Warehouses

Schedule of visits:

Morning period: from 8 am to 12 pm Evening period: from 5 pm to 7 pm

Address:

Jeddah, KSA, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities, Jeddah Museum

Tel. and Fax: 02/6364271- P.O. Box 42271 Jeddah 21541

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• Al-Masmak Fort Museum:

The Palace was built in 1312 AH corresponding to 1895 AD on an area of 1880 m? and it comprises a mosque, divan, well and 3 residential units; one of them was used a residence for the Ruler, the second was a treasury and the third was an accommodation for guests. The Palace was turned into a museum and was officially inaugurated on 13/111416 AH corresponding to 1116/1995 AD. The museum is located at the middle of the City of Riyadh and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Warehouses

Schedule of visits:

Morning period: from 8 am to 2.30 pm Evening period: from 4 pm to 9 pm

Address:

Riyadh, KSA, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities, Al-Masmak Museum

P.O Box 3743 Riyadh 11481

Tel: 0114110091 - Fax: 01/4114152

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• Najran Museum:

The museum was built in 1403 AH corresponding to 1983 AD near the Archeological Trench in Najran on an area of 482232 m2. The museum was opened for visitors in 1407 AH corresponding to 1987 AD and it includes the following:

1. Museum presentation hall

2. Management

3. Survey and painting labs

4. Photographing labs

5. Restoration and lab hall

6. TV show hall

7. Researchers' residence

8. Library

9. Warehouses

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Schedule of visits:

Morning period: from 8 am to 12 pm Evening period: from 5 pm to 7 pm

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Address:

Najran, KSA, the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities, Najran Museum

Tel: 07/5425292 - Fax: 07/5425120

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