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Adverse Effects to Northern Shovelers from Exposure toTreated Wastewater from Central Front Range, Colorado, Wastewater Treatment Plants
Administrative Report
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior
DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary
U.S. Geological Survey
Mark D. Myers, Director
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2009
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not implyendorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individualcopyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report.Cover Photo Credit: Donna Dewhurst, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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Contents
Abstract................................................................................................................................................................................1Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................................2
Figures
1. Temporary tank at the secondary clarifier site, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, Denver,Colorado..........................................................................................................................................................................42. Air and water temperatures recorded from HOBO
temperature loggers..........................................................93. Individual body temperatures for ducks and ambient air and water temperatures at the control tank site.........................................................................................................................................................................104. Individual body temperatures for ducks and ambient air and water temperatures at the secondaryclarifier site...................................................................................................................................................................115. Individual body temperatures for ducks and ambient air and water temperatures at the chlorine contactbasin site.......................................................................................................................................................................126. Example of control tank duck.....................................................................................................................................147. Example of secondary clarifier duck........................................................................................................................158. Example of chlorine contact basin duck..................................................................................................................159. Total nonionic polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration comparison by treatment........................................21
Tables
1. Sample preparation and concentration weights of duck feather rinsates and water samples....................172. Mass-to-charge ratio of nonionic surfactant ions (as ammonium adducts) and their assignments for thealkyl polyethylene glycol (PEG) ethoxylate ion progressions observed in the duck feather extracts.........193. Total nonionic polyethylene glycol (PEG) surfactant quantitation from duck feather rinsates.....................20
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