Volume 1 Issue 7 July

&kd[if*sma&;&m vlrSKpD;yGm;owif;*sme,f The Rohingya Journal
Volume (1) Issue 7, July 2010.
P
r
'Dvzwfp&m
- *syefOya' p -3
i
n - rif'Jvm;zefwD;wJhurÇm p 20
t
e - *syefjynfwGif;owif; p -4
d - 'DvtwGuf A[kokw p-23
i
- urÇ m zvm;ork d i f ; tusOf ; p -9
n - EkdifiHwumowif; p -25
J - jrefrmjynfwGif;owif; p -10
a - tm;upm; p -29
p 1 m;p -13
a
- tif w meuf o k H ; &if o wd x m; Take Free (tcrJ h jzpf y gonf )
n
aomMum? pae? we*F a EG a e h r sm;wG i f

toJ j zL 'gef a yguf E S i f h tjcm;td r f c suf [ if ; rsm;uk d
aps;ES K ef ; csd K ompG m jzif h a&mif ; csay;aeygjyD ?
qufo,
G &f ef ydw
hSShinjuku-ku, f&u
Takadanobaba 2-19-7 fr &
TAK 11 Bld (908) Sd
Tel: 033203-4599
Cell: 090-5458-9595
qk d i f z G i f h c sd e f
ae hvnf 12 - 30 em&D rS eHeuf 01 - 00em&D
2
*syefrS 'kuQonftjzpf todtrSwfjyKxm;aom Ekdi fiHjcm;om;wpfO ;D

Ekdi fiH&yfjcm;okd h c&D;oGm;jcif;
1? uGe;f Aif;&Si ;f 'kuo
Q nfrS Eki
d i
f w
H pfei
dk i
f o
H dk h c&D;oGm;&onft
h cg/
ywfpfykd@tpm; 'kuQonfc&D;oGm;vufrSwfukd xkwfay;vdrfhrnf? xkdokd hxkwfay;onfhtcg tajccHrlt& oufqkdif&m
um,uH&iS u f a'oqkid &f mv0u&k;H t&m&Sx d H xkw, f cl iG ahf v#mufxm;&rnf? 'kuo Q nfc&D;oGm;vufrw S .
f oufwrf;rSm trsm;qk;H
1ESpjf zpfjyD; oufwrf;rukecf ift=udr=f udrf *syefEidk if rH 0S ifxu G Ef idk jf yD; *syefEidk if o
H dk h 0ifciG ahf y;onf? oufwrf;wk;d crSm ,ef; 5000jzpfjyD;
jyef0ifcGifhav#mufxm; &efrvdktyfay?
(2) xyfrHvkdtyfonfrSm c&D;oGm;rnfhEkdifiH. jynf0ifcGifh (ADZm)jzpfonf? ADZmav#mufxm;r_ukd *syefEkdifiHwGif&Sdaom oGm;
'
a&mufrnfhEkdifiH.oH&kH; (okd h)aumifppf0efcsKyf&kH;wGif av#mufxm;&rnf? c&D;oGm;onfh&nf&G,fcsuftvdkuf wifoGif;&rnfhpm
&Gufpmwrf;rsm;rSm wlnDvdrfhrnfr[kwfonfhtwGuf av#mufxm;&rnfh oufqkdif&moH&kH;rS &Sif;jycsufukd aocsmpGmem;axmifjyD;
wifoGif;&rnfhpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ukd jyifqif&rnfjzpfonf? ADZmxkwfay;onftxd =umrnfh&uf/ ADZmctrsKd;rsKd;jzpfjyD; ADZm
dk i
f o
ya
xkwfay;r_wGif oufqkdif&mtm%mykdiftpkd;&. csrSwfxm;onfhrlt& ADZmrxkwfay;onfrsKd;vnf; &Sdygonf?
(3) *syefEi H m; ajymif;xm;oljzpfygu

ef O
*syefEkdifiHwGif *syefEkdifiHom;ajymif;xm;oljzpfygu *syefEdkifiHul;vufrSwfukd av#muf,ljyD; ekdifiHjcm;c&D;xGufEkdifonf?
*syefvlrsKd;jzpfI jynfjyef0ifcGifhukd,l&ef rvkday/ EkdifiHjcm;okd h c&D;oGm;onfhtcg trsm;tm;jzifh xkdEkdifiHrSADZmukd
awmif;qkd&rnfjzpfayrJh *syefEkdifiHonf ,cktxdtm;jzifh 59EkdifiH (2004ckESpf arv 1&ufpm&if;t&)ESifhtjyeftvSef ADZmuif;
vGwfcGifhoabmwlnDr_t& xkdEkdifiHrsm;okd@ tvnftywf oGm;a&mufjcif;/ aqGrsKd;oGm;csif;rsm;xH tvnftywfoGm;a&mufjcif;
ponfh &nf&, G cf surf sK;d / &ufwcdk &D; oGm;vmr_EiS yhf wfowfI ADZmrvkb
d J oGm;a&mufvnfywfeidk o
f nfjzpfjyD; aexkid f onfu h mvrSm
oufqkdif&mEkdifiHtvkdufwlnDvdrfhrnfhr[kwfI aocsmpGmar;jref;pkHprf;yg?
*sy
(4) tif'c
dk sKdi ;f em;'kuo
Q nfEi
S hf uGeA
f if;&Si ;f 'kuo
Q nf rdom;pkwdk h rxGuc
f mG rSD
owdjyK&ef/
c&D;xGufcGm&eftwGuf avqdyfokd hoGm;onfhtcg rarh&rnfhypPnf;rsm;rSm EkdifiHjcm;om;rSwfykHwifu'fjym;jzpfonf?
jynfxu G uf pd aP qmif&u
G &f mwGif 'kuo
Q nfc&D;oGm;vufrw
S f (odk )h Ekid if u
H ;l vufrw
S f (okd )h jynfjyef0ifciG v
hf ufrw
S Ef iS hf twlwm0ef&o
dS l
okd h wifjy&rnfjzpfI EkdifiHjcm;om;rSwfykHwifu'fukd rarhrav#mhbJ ,loGm;&rnf?
pmrsuf E S m 13rS
udk&D;,m;EdkifiHu vufeufcJ,rf; 0,f,lcGifhr&Sdygbl;) tJh'Dvdkr[kwf&ifawmh ta&S@awmiftm&Sa'o[m EsLuvD;,m;tE W
&m,f&ifqdkif&r,fh aemufa'owck jzpfvmygvdrfhr,f?
Burma's Nuke Ambitions an Opportunity for Obama By Htet Aungudk qDavsmaf tmif jyefqakd zmfjyonf?
3
wkdusKdjrKd@awmf0ef Ekdi fiHjcm;om;rsm; NHKowiowiff;a=ujimol
owi
rJay;cGi fhukd jyi
jyiff;xefpGmuef@uGuf toHa=umi
=umiffh zm;aojci
zm;aojciff;
wk d u sKd j rKd @ awmf 0 ef tD & D S [ m&onf ZG e f v 17&uf a e@
ZGefv 5&ufae@u wkdusKdwGifusif;yjyK NHK tm;upm;o
vkyfaom twkduftcHvpfb&,fygwD. wif ; wG i f NHKtoH
txufv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyJG atmif v$ifh0efxrf;owif;a=u
Ek d i f a &;/ txuf v $ w f a wmf t rwf r sm; jimol u 10em&D = um
tpnf;ta0;wGif cef;0ef=uD;csKyf. a& xkwv f i$ rhf nfh urBmah bm
&SnfaexkdifcGifh&aom EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;/ vk H ; yG J p Of r sm;wG i f a=umf
a'oqkdif&mv$wfawmftrwfa&G;aumuf jimrygaom NHKuk d
yG J r sm;wG i f r J a y;cG i f h u k d jyif ; xef p G m uef @ =unfh=uzkd@ a=ujimoGm;cJhygonf? xkda=ujimr_ukd 18&ufae@wGif
*sye
uGufa=umif; ajym=um;cJhygonf? txufv$wfawmftrwfrsm; *syefyk*~vdujynfol@ &kyfjrifoH=um;ESifh owif;XmetzGJ@csKyfu
tpnf;ta0;wGif wkdusKdjrKd@awmf0ef tD&Sd[m&[onf vuf tjyif;txefuef@uGufcJhygonf? NHK&kyfjrifoH=um;Xmeonf
&S d t m%m&ygwD 'D r k d u &uf w pf . uav;ol i ,f r sm;qk d i f & m *syeftpkd;&. axmufyHhaiGrsm;jzifh &yfwnfaejyD; pD;yGm;a&;a=umf
jfyn
axmufyHhaiGpepfukdvnf;uef@uGufjyD; vuf0J0g'DawG&J@vkyf&yf jimrsm; xnfhoGif;jcif;r&Sdaomfvnf;/ yk*~vdu&kyfjrifoH=um;Xme
awGomjzpfonf[k jyif;xefpmG ajym=um;cJyh gonf? tD&[ dS m&onf rsm;onf tpk;d &.axmufyahH iG r&&So d jcif;a=umif/h yk*v ~ u d a=umf
twkduftcH vpfb&,fygwD0ifa[mif;rsm;ESifh zGJ@pnf;xm;aom jimrsm;ukd trsm;tjym;a=umfjimjyD; &yfwnfae=u&ygonf?
w
f iG ;f
Ekd;=um;x=uGavmh*syefygwD. axmufyHhulnDyHhykd;a&; tzGJ@acgif;
aqmiftjzpf vuf&adS qmif&u G af ejyD;/ xkyd gwo D nf ouf=uD;&G,t
a&S;&kd;pGJEkdifiHa&;orm;=uD;rsm;ESifh zGJ@pnf;xm;aomygwDjzpfygonf?
f dk
*syefyk*~vdujynfol@&kyfjrifoH=um;ESifh owif;XmetzGJ@
csKyf. a=ujimcsufwGif NHK.owif;a=ujimcsufonf w
ow
ukd,faumif;qefjyD;/ *syefy&dowfrS yk*~vdu&kyfjrifoH=um;Xme
xkd@jyif wkdusKdjrKd@awmf0efonf EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;ukd rkef;wD;olwpf rsm;tm; r=unf h E k d i f a tmif jyKvk y f a ejcif ; jzpf j yD ; trS e f r S m
OD;tjzpf ausmf=um;ygonf? FIFAurBmhabmvkH;tzGJ@csKyf. cGifhjyKcsufjzifh NHKESihf yk*v ~ u
d
i;f
&kyjf rifo=H um;owif;Xmersm; yl;aygi;f jyD; *syefy&dowftm; urBmh
cef;0ef=uD;csKyf tcGef zvm;abmvk;H yGJ yGpJ Ofrsm;ukd wku
qkdygonf?
d &f u
kd wf ifjyaejcif;omjzpfonf[k
10&mckdi fE_ef;wkd; aumufcHrnf[kqkd *syeftxufv$wfawmf

ZGefv 18&ufae@rSm 0ef=uD;
csKyfcef;u taxGaxGtcGeu f dk 5&mckid f
a&G;aumufyGJusif;yrnf
E_ef;uae 10&mckdifE_ef;wkd;aumufzkd@ *syef t xuf v $ w f a wmf t rwf a&G ;
pOf;pm;aeygw,fvkd@qdkvkdufygonf? aumufy&JG v'fudk Zlvid_ v f 11&ufae@rmS
xkdokd@ wkd;aumuf&jcif;rSm twkduf a=ujimr,f v k d @ *syef t pk d ; &u qk d y g
tcHvpfb&,fygwD&J@ 10 &mckdifE_ef; onf? txufv$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJ
tcGefwkd;aumufzkd@ wifoGm;xm;wJh &J@ ykpd wm wpfaomif;ok;H axmifuu dk yfz@dk
t=uHjyKcsuaf =umifh jzpfw,fv@dk qjdk yD;/ qkdif;bkwfawGukd &SdeEkdpc&ifukr`%Du
tu,fI *syef[mtcGefaiGawG wkd;raumufcJhzl;qkd&if *&dEkdifiH wm0ef,ljyKvkyfaeygonf? tJ'Dukr`%D
rSmjzpfovkd pD;yGm;ysufudef; &Sdw,fvkd@vnf; qkdvkdufjyefygonf? [m qkdif;bkwfawGukd {jyDvuwnf;u
tkduDem0g&J@ zlwifrmppfpcef; jy\ema=umifh nGef@aygif;tpkd;&rS =uKdwifjyifqifjyKvkyaf ecJyh gonf? 0ef=uD;
cGJxGufoGm;cJhaom qkd&S,fvpfygwD&J@ trsKd;orD;acgif;aqmif csKyfa[mif; [wkd,mrEkwfxGufoGm;wJh
pmrsuf E S m 5ok d @ pmrsuf E S m 7ok d @
4
avmif;upm;r_jyKvkyfaom
0ef=uD;csKyfopfcef;tm; jynfol
emrnfausmfqlrkdrsm;. avmif;upm;
axmufcHr_ 62 h4&mckdi fE_ef;&Sdjcif;
t&_yfawmfykH
ZGefv 4&ufae@rS 6&ufae@ *syefEkdifiH. &kd;&m
txd jynf ol@ppfwrf;aumuf qlrkdtm;upm;onf
,lr_rsm;t& 0ef=uD; csKyfopf ESpfaygif;=umjrifhpGm
cef;ukd jynfoaxmufcHr_ 62 *syef&kd;&mtm;upm;
h4&mckdifE_ef;&Sdygonf? 0ef=uD; tjzpf & yf w nf c J h y g
csKyfa[mif; [wk, d mr 0ef=uD; onf? ok@d aomf ,ck
csKyf j zpf u mpwG i f jynf o l @ tcgwiG f *syefqrl u dk
axmufcrH _ 67 7h &mckid Ef e_ ;f &Scd hJ pm;orm;=uD ; rsm;
aomf v nf ; aemuf q k H ; E_ w f =um; rl;,pfaq;0g;
xGufcsdefrSm jynfol@axmufcH okH;pGJr_/ wyg;oltm;ukd,fxdvufa&muf xkd;=udwfr_/ qlrkdq&mrS
r_ 20&mck d i f E _ e f ; atmuf x d wynft h m; &kud Ef u
S of wfjzwfrp_ aom tr_rsm;jzifh *syefqrl adk vm
usqif ; cJ h & aoma=umif h 0ef uonf emrnfysufvmcJhjyDjzpfygonf? ,ckwcg abmhpfabmu
=uD;csKyfopfcef;ukd wm0efv$J pm;yGJrsm;ukd *syef,ef;oef;aygif;rsm;pGm avmif;a=u;xyfjyD;
ajymif ; ay;tyf v k d u f y gonf ? avmif;upm;r_rsm; jzpfymG ;cJyh gonf? *syefqrl dk tzG@J csKyf. ppfaq;
0ef=uD;csKyftopfudk axmufc&H jcif;ta=umif;t&if;ukd *syefjynf csuft& emrnfausmfqlrkd=uD; 36a,mufrS avmif;upm;r_ukd
olrsm;rSajz=um;&mwGif wjcm;a&G;p&mvlr&Sdvkd@[k ajzolu t 0efcaH jym=um;cJ=h uygonf? xkad vmif;upm;r_rsm;wGif tk&d cwac:
rsm;qkH;jzpfjyD;/ tkyfcsKyfEkdifr_ukd,fykdif t&nftcsif;&Sdjcif;/ tusifh aom enf;jyrsm;/ tkd;ZmuDtqifh&Sdaom yxrwef;tawmf
pm&dwWykdif;rSm ,kH=unf&jcif;a=umifhvkd@ ajzolrsm;vnf;&Sdygonf? qk;H qlrdk upm;orm; rulEt dk ck std qif&h dS qlr=dk uD;rsm;/ *sK&&kt d qifh
*syefjynforl sm;u ygwt D m;axmufcrH w _ iG f 'Dru
dk &ufwpfygwu D &Sdqlrkd =uD;rsm;tjyif wjcm;omreftqifh&Sd qlrkd=uD;rsm;vnf;
35 7h &mckid Ef e_ ;f ESihf twku d t f cHvpfb&,fygwrD S 22 1h &mckid Ef e_ ;f &Sd yg0ifywfoufae=uygonf?
ygonf? txufvw $ af wmftrwf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f *syefjynfol qlrkd=uD;rsm;onf *syef,m*lZm*kd%f;rsm;ESifh qufoG,f
rS rJay;rnfhygwDpm&if; aumuf,lr_wGif 'Drkdu&ufwpfygwDrS um avmif;a=u;aiGrsm;ukd avmif;cJ=h uygonf? *syefqrl =dk uD;rsm;
34h2&mckid Ef e_ ;f / vpfb&,fygwD 18 1h &mckid Ef e_ ;f / ckad rwkyd gwD 56&m . avhusiahf &;pcef;twGi;f wGiv f nf; w&m;r0ifaiGa=u;xyfum
ck d i f E _ e f ; / YoursygwD u 4 h 9 &mck d i f E _ e f ; / uG e f j rLepf y gwD u upm;aom rm*sefupm;enf;rsm;/ *syef&kd;&mzJupm;enf;rsm;ukd
4h 5 &mck d i f E _ e f ; toD ; oD ; jzpf c J h y gonf ? txuf v $ w f a wmf a &G ; jyKvkyfcJh=ujyD; w&m;r0ifaiGa=u;xyfum a*gufoD;&kdufupm;
aumufyGJukd Zlv_difvwGif usif;yrnfjzpfygonf? enf;rsm;yg jyKvkyfcJh=uygonf? tr_jzpfyGm;ykHavmif;upm;r_rsm;
jyKvkyaf eonfudk vlo&d iS =f um; jzpfomG ;cJo h nfrmS tk;d ZmuDtqifh
&Sd yxrwef;emrnfausmf qlru dk pm;orm; ukw d rdk qd uk . D avmif;
pmrsuf E S m 4rS a=u;aiGt&_yaf wmfyrHk S pcJjh cif;jzpfygonf? ukw d rdk q
d u k t D m; ,cif
qlru dk pm;orm;a[mif;jzpfjyD;/ ,cktcg ,m*lZm*k% d ;f om; jzpfae
zkuk&SD;rm;uawmh 'g[maemufp&mr[kwfbl;? *syefjynfolawG olu avmif;a=u;tjzpfEidk af om aiGrsm;ukrd ay;onft h jyif ukw d dk
taeeJ@ tcGew f ;dk aumufv#if 'kuaQ &mufrmS jzpf jyD; vpfb&,fyg rdqkuDtm; avmif;upm;r_jyKvkyfaea=umif; vlod&Sif=um;ajym
wDESifh 'Drkdu&ufwpfESpfckxJu qkH;jzwf&rJhudpPr[kwfbl;vkd@qkdyg =um;rnf/ rajymapcsiyf gu *syef,ef; aomif; 350ay;&ef aiGnp‡ f
onf? nGef@aygif;tpkd;&rSm qufvuf&Sdaeao;wJh jynfol@ygwD cJhygonf?
opf&J@acgif;aqmifcrJuawmh txufvGwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ xkad iGnp‡ of ul dk *syef&rJ ZS eG v
f 25&ufae@uzrf;qD;vku d jf yD
tjyD;rSm tcGew f ;dk cJ&h ifawmh nGe@f aygi;f tpk;d &u xGurf ,fv@dk qydk g jzpfygonf? *syef&rJ S xkw d &m;r0if avmif;upm;r_rsm;ukd ppfaq;
onf? r_rsm; pwifaejyDjzpfygonf? *syefqlrkdtzGJ@csKyfvnf; xkdjy\em
pmrsuf E S m 6ok d @
5
&miff;pm;ol raumif
uaz;wGi ftvkyfvkyfI cE<mukd,fa&mi ;a=umif;/ *syefjynfolawG[m 'kuQa&mufwJhtcgrSm
ywf0ef;usifrSvlawGukd tultnDawmif;oifhjyD;/ vlwkdif;[m
xuf0ufausmfr Sm *syeftxufwef; aiGrsufESmyJr=unfhbJ wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; arwWmxm;jyD; ulnDoihf
a=umif;ajym=um;ygonf? 'gth jyif *syefp;D yGm;a&;zG@jH zKd;r_bJ =unfh
ausmiff;olrsm;jzpfae
ausmi aewJhtwGuf vlom;awG&J@ESvkH;om;pdwf ykdif;qkdif&mawGtm;
enf;ukefjyD;/ =uifemr_/ arwWm/ ulnD&kdif;yif;r_awGr&SdawmhbJ
&Sq
d t
k cdk &kid &f dS tkcd jrKd@e,fwiG ;f vlom;awG'kuQa&mufae=uwmvkd@vnf; qkdygonf? 'Djy\em
&Sd/ &Sdqk[kac:aom twGJ&Smaom ukd qkawmif;ae&kEH iS rhf jyD;bJ vlwidk ;f ukyd nmay; zk@d tjyif/ ausmif;
uaz;uk d *syef & J r S 0 if a &muf p pf awGrSmvnf; todynmay;zkd@qkdygonf? 'vkdifvm;rm; 74ESpf
aq;&m xk d u az;rS m trsKd ; orD ; [m ZGev f 18&ufae@rmS *syefuEdk idk if aH &;ckvd cH_ iG hf &xm;wJ/h tdE,
Nd
av;rsm;u cE<mukd,fa&mif;pm; uaevma&mufjyD;/ e*gEkdjrK@d qif;ukdbkef;=uD;ausmif;ESifh cem
aom uaz;jzpfjyD; tvkyfvkyfae *g0gjrKd@e,f/ ,kdukd[m;rm;rSm a[majymyGJrsm; usif;yjyKvkyfzkd@ pD
ol xuf0ufausmrf mS txufwef; pOfcJhygonf?
ausmif;olrsm; jzpfaeygonf? tJ
'DtwGuf c&kdiftwGif;&Sd txuf
wef;ausmif; 35ausmif;u pkpH rf;r_rsm;jyKvkyjf yD;/ yl;aygi;f txl;t
pnf;ta0;ukd usif;ycJhygonf? tpnf;ta0;wGif ausmif;olrsm;
*syef&J&J@ ppfaq;r_awGr Sm
. xGufqkdcsufrsm;ukd xkwfjyef&mwGif &Sdqkuaz;wGif tvkyf
vkyjf cif;rSm aiGvjdk cifr/_ oli,fcsi;f .rdwf qufay;r_awGa=umifv h @dk
ADG'D,kd
xGufqkd=uw,fvkd@od&ygonf? ausmif; 35ausmif;rS vmrnfh
r Swfwrf;wi frnfavm
ne
aEG&moD ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;wGif ausmif;olrsm; xkduJhokd@aom
uaz;rsm;wGif tvkyfrvkyfzkd@wm;jrpfzkd@ESifh tJ'Dausmif;awG
xkud o hJ @dk aom uaz;rsm;uko d &d ydS gu &Jwidk zf @dk qk;H jzwfc=hJ uygonf? csD b m;w&m;a&;0ef = uD ; u
&Sq
d uk az;wGit
w
f vkyv f yk o
f l trsK;d orD; 963a,muf&jdS yD;/ 16ESprf S
18ESpftwGif;&Sdol ausmif;olrSm 525 a,mufa=umifh xuf0uf
ZGev f 18&ufae@rmS *syef&&J @J w
&m;cHppfaq;r_awGrSm AGD'D,dkuif
'vkdi fvm;rm;u *syefjs

ausmf&SdcJhygonf? r&mwyfqifrO_ ya'ESihf ywfouf
jyD; w&m;a&;0ef=uD; Xme&J@ ynm
ynfolawGukd ay;tpnf;ta0;ukd wufa&muf
cJhygonf? tJ'Dtpnf;ta0;rSm
pD;yGm;a&;yJr=unfhbJ
arwWmw&m;vnf; xm;=uzkd@ Japn
&JEiS w
hf &m; a&;0efxrf;awGu w
&m;cHzuf trSeu f dk xGuq
f rdk _ awG
ukd &JujyKvkyfvkd@r&bJ tcuf
tcJawGjzpf Ekid wf ,fv@dk wifjy=u
wkdufwGef; ygonf? tm%m&'Drkdu&ufwpfwD[m tm%mr&cifa=unm
csufrSm tr_tm;vkH;ukd &JrSrw&m;n‡if;yrf;ESdyf pufjyD;xGufqkd
Ekdb,fjidrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sif wd pmrsuf E S m 19ok d @
Aufacgif;aqmif; 'vkdifvm;rm; pmrsuf E S m 5 ql r k d r S
u *syefEkdifiH&J@ rdrdudk,fukdowf twGuf acgif;cJumavmif;upm;r_wGif yg0ifolqlrkd=uD;rsm;rSm
aor_[m a=umufcref;vdvd jzpf 36a,mufxufykdjyD; tm;vkH;eD;ygyg0ifEkdifonf[k okH;oyfaejyD;/
jyD;/ 12ESpfqufwkduf ESpfpOfvl em*kd,mjrKd@wGifusif;yrnfh *syef&kd;&mqlrkdupm;yGJ=uD;ukd &yfem;&
aygi;f 3aomif;cGcJ ef@[m rdru d ,dk f rnfh taetxm;&Sad =umif; 0efccH yhJ gonf? ,ckupd jP zifh *syef&;dk &m
uk d o wf a ojyD ; / *syef [ murB m h eyef;jzpfaom qlro dk nf upm;orm;rsm;. tusiphf m&dwaW =umifh
trsm;qkH;owfaor_ukd usL;vGef qlrkdavmu ysufoavmufjzpfoGm;cJhygonf?
aomEkdifiHjzpfaewJhtwGuf pdwf
6
txufwef;ausmi f;om;u tmz*efepPweforRw

ausmi f;olukd "g;ESi fhxkd; *syefa&muf&Sdjci f;
,mr*kcsdc&kdif/ wzkqJjrKd@&Sd wzkqJEkdukd; txufwef;
ausmif;wGif txufwef;yxrESpfausmif;om; 15ESpfu pmoif
cef ; twl oif = um;aeaom twef ; wl y xrES p f a usmif ; ol
15ESpu f dk "g;ESix
hf ;dk r_wpfck ZGevf 17&ufae@wiG f jzpfymG ;cJyh gonf? tmz*efepPweforRw [mrpfcZkdif;
c&kid &f .
J ppfcsut f & "g;ESix hf ;dk aomausmif;om;onf tr_rjzpf [m ZGefv 19&ufae@rSm [D&kd&SD;rm;jrKd@
cifnwGif ausmif;xGujf yD; trsK;d om;olemjyKvkyjf cifrj_ zifh rdcif ukd a&muf&SdcJhjyD;/ jidrf;csrf;a&;txdrf;t
jzpfoEl iS phf um;rsm;jyD;/ aemufae@reufwiG f tdrrf "S g;uk, d v
l mjyD; rSwfyef;jcH&Sd tEljrLAkH;tusJcHcJh&aom
xkd;cJhjcif;jzpfw,fvkd@ qkdygonf? "g;ESifhxkd;aomausmif;om;. txdrf;trSwfausmufwkdifrSm vGrf;ol@
xGufqkdcsufwGif owfzkd@&,f&G,fjcif;r&dSyJ tarESifhpum;rsm;jyD; yef;acGcsjyD; qkawmif;cJhygonf? orRw
pdww f u dk m ausmif;oltm; "g;ESix hf ;dk cJjh cif;om jzpfw,fv@dk qykd g [m *syefo@dk 4=udraf jrmufa&muf&jdS cif;
onf? &JrS"g;ESifhxkd;aom ausmif;om;.rdcifudk ppfaq;&mwGif jzpfygonf? ol[m tEljrLAkH;'%fcH&jcif;
ZGefv 16&ufae@nwGif olemjyKausmif;okd@ajymif;jcifw,fvkd@ qkdif&m jycef;rsm;/ tEljrLAkH;'%fcH&jyD;
ausmif;om;rSqkd&mrSm txufwef;ausmif;jyD;rS olemjyKwuU toufraoolrsm;ESifh pum;vufqkH
okdvfqufwufzkd@ ajymcJhjcif;omjzpfw,fvkd@ qkdygonf? c&kdif&JrSajym=um;cJhygonf? *syef&Sdtmz*efoH&kH;&J@ a=unmcsufrSm orR
qufvufjyD; oufqidk o f rl sm;ukd ppfaq;r_rsm;ukd jyKvkyaf eqJjzpfw[m [D&kd&SD;rm;&Sd *syefjynfolawGvkd =uD;rm;wJhpdwf"gwftif
ygonf? tm;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifovkd tmz*efEkdifiHukdvnf; jyefvnf
xlaxmifr,fv@dk qdyk gonf? ol[m yxrqk;H [D&&dk ;DS rm;ukt d vnf
pmrsuf E S m 28rS
a&muf&jdS cif;jzpfjyD; orRw&J@jyif;jywJh awmif;qkrd a_ =umifh *syeftpk;d
vnf; EdkifiHjcm;om;wpfa,muf jzpfaew,f? 'DEdkifiHjcm;om; &u ol@ukd[D&kd&SD;rm;ukd oGm;zkd@pDpOfay;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf?
upm;orm;awGudk a=u;=uD;=uD; ay;ac:xm;&ayr,fh tDwvD
enf;jyvpfyDtwGuf urBmhzvm;+ydKifyGJrêm xnfhoGif;cGifhr&cJhzl; pmrsuf E S m 4rS
aemuf y k d i f ; a&G ; aumuf y G J u k d Zl v _ d i f v 25&uf a e@rS m usif ; y
av? 'Dae@&v'fawG qd;k &Gm;aewm tJ't D csu&f ŒJ aemufqufwJG
r,fvkd@vnf; owif;rsm;jzpfay:cJhwJhtwGuf ukr`%D[m 11&uf
qdk;usKd;awGygyJ[k u,f'g¶dkvDu a0zefcJhonf?
tay:rSm 25&ufv@dk pwpfum awGajymif;vJuyfz@dk twGuf jyifqif
tDwvDtoif;onf yg&ma*G;/ qvdAk ufu;D ,m;/ e,l;ZD
xm;cJhaomfvnf; 11&ufae@u twnfjzpfoGm;ygonf? ukr`%D
vefwdk@Eêifh wpftkyfpkwnf;usa&muf+yD; &rêwfEêpfrêwfom &&êdcJh
[m pwpfumawG/ qkdif;bkwfawGjyKvkyf&if;ESifh tvkyfrsm;ae
onf?
onfvkd@qkdygonf?
T*sme,f xkwfa0jcif;. &nf&G,fcsuf

þ&k d [ if * sm *sme,f (The Rohingya Journal) onf rnf o nf h t zG J h t pnf ; tpk d ; &vuf a tmuf c H
*sme,f r [k w f y g/ vG w f v yf a om &k d [ if * smowif ; *sme,f j zpf y gonf / þ*sme,f u k d *syef E k d i f i H a &muf &k d [ if * sm ausmif ; om;
rsm;rS O D ; aqmif j yD ; &d k [ if * smta&; jref r mjynf o l r sm;od & S d & ef ? jref r mjynf ' D r k d u a&pD & &S d a &;ES i f h *syef E k d i f i H a &muf jref r m
jynf o l j ynf o m;rsm;\ pD ; yG m ;a&;? vl r S K a&;uk d wzuf w vrf ; rS ul n D y H h y k d ; Ek d i f & ef &nf & G , f í xk w f a 0jcif ; jzpf y gonf / *sme,f
wG i f r nf o l r qk d oma&;? ema&;? vl r S K a&;ES i f h tvk y f t uk d i f a Mumf j imrsm;uk d tcrJ h a Mumf j imEk d i f j yD ; ? pD ; yG m ;a&; aMumf jimrsm;uk d
oif h a wmf a omaps;ES k e f ; jzif h xnf h o G i f ; ay;Ek d i f y gonf ? ? owif ; ? pmrl r sm;ES i f h a 0zef p mrsm; rnf o l r qk d vG w f v yf p G m ay;yk d h
Ek d i f j yD ; *sme,f x k w f a 0jcif ; ES i f h y wf o uf f í yl ; aygif ; vk d o l r sm;uk d txl ; yif z d w f a c: tyf y gonf ? ? þ*sme,f E S i f h y wf o uf í
uef huGufvkdaom rnfol hukdrqkd &kd[if*sm*sme,ftzGJ hom;rsm;rS MuKdqdkvQufyg/ þ *sme,f o nf &k d [ if * smvl r sKd ; rsm;tm; jref
þ*sme,f
rmwk d i f ; &if ; om;tjzpf tod r S w f j yKonf rjyKonf q k d a omud p öESifh ywfowfí roufqkdifyg/
7
ti
tiff'kdeD;&Sm;wGi f *syefvlrsKd; urBmh +idrf;csrf;wJhEdki fiHrsm;
oD;oef@ausmi
usmiff; ausmi
ausmiff;q&ma[mi
q&ma[miff; t!$ef;udef;r Sm jrefrm
vi
viffr,m; towfcH&jci jciff;
tif'kdeD;&Sm;EkdifiH *sumwmjrKd@wGif *syefvlrsKd;oD;oef@
tqi fh 132
ausmif; ausmif;q&ma[mif;vifr,m;jzpfwJh [&,pktkd (69)
ESpf rdcktJ (67)ESpf[m ZGefv 17&ufae@rSm towfcHvkduf&yg b,ftpdk;&eJ@rSrywfoufwJh EkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;
onf? tif'edk ;D &Sm;&JrS vlowfw&m;cH tmqJpyf k (22)ESpu f dk zrf; w&yfu EkdifiHawG&J@ 2010+idrf;csrf;a&; t!$ef;udef;pm&if;udk
qD;vku d yf gonf? w&m;cH[m jcHtvkyo f rm;tjzpf ausmif;q&m xkwfjyefvkdufygw,f? Institute of Economics and
a[mif;vifr,m;&J@trd rf mS tvky0f ifjyD; wpfvt=um ZGev f 15 Peace tzGJ@u urBmhEkdifiHtoD;oD;rSmjzpfaewJh t=urf;zufr_
&ufae@rSm tvkyfxkwfcHcJh&ygonf? awGudkavhvm+yD; tckvdkxkwfjyefcJhwmyg?
tjcm;jcHapmifhtvkyform;rsm;tqkdt& w&m;cH[m urBmrSm t+idrf;csrf;qkH;wkdif;jynfu e,l;ZDvefjzpf+yD;
ae@pOfvkd ausmif;q&ma[mif;vifr,m;ESifh pum;rsm;cJhw,fvkd@ tD&wfu r+idr;f csr;f qk;H Ekid if jH zpfygw,f? tm&SrmS t+idr;f csr;f qk;H u
qkdygonf? aoqkH;ol ZeD;armifESHu vpmay;xm;v#ufom;ESifh *syefjzpf+yD; urBmrSmvnf; wwd,t+idrf;csrf;qkH;wkdif;jynf jzpf
tvkyu f &dk ;dk om;pGmrvkyb f ;l vk@d owday;cJrh E_ iS yhf wfoufjyD; tvkyf ygw,f?
jzKwfcH&r_awGa=umifh pdwfqkd;jyD; w&m;cH[m vlowfr_ usL;vGef jrefrmEkdifiHuawmh 149EkdifiHteuf tqifh 132rSm &Sd
a=umif;&JrS qkdygonf? &Jppfcsuft&m tmqJpfykESifhtwl tazmf ygw,f? ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;uawmh tqihf 139jzpfygw,f? w&kw/f
a,musfm;wpfOD;[m jcHaemufaygufrS0ifjyD; owfcJhjcif;jzpfjzpfjyD; oD&v d uFm/ jrefrm/ zdvpfyikd ef @J ygupPwefEidk if aH wGrmS jzpfymG ;aewJh
aiGa=u;ESifhypPnf;rsm;ukd ,laqmifoGm;jcif;r&Sda=umif;/ emusOf; yËdyuQawG/ t=urf;zufr_awGa=umihf tm&Sa'o+idrf;csrf;a&; t
r_a=umifhowfw,fvkd@ &JrSqkdygonf? ajctaeu 4ESpt f wGi;f rSm 325 &mckid ;f E_e;f usomG ;w,fv@kd urBmh
tqJpyf u k dk &JraS oqk;H olvifr,m;&J@trd Ef iS hf 2uDvrdk w D m +idrf;csrf;a&; t!$ef;udef; GPI wkdif;wmolawGu qdkygw,f?
tuGmvrf;wGifzrf;rdcJhjyD; tazmfuawmh xGufajy;vGwfajrmuf +idrf;csrf;a&;udk wkdif;wmwJhtcg EkdifiHwEdkifiH&J@ jynfwGif;
oGm;ygonf? aoqkH;olvifr,m;onf raocifrdepftenf;i,f jynfy ta=umif;tcsuaf wGe@J wkid ;f wmwmyg? t=urf;zufra_ wG
tvkw d iG f teD;em;wGiaf exkid af om touf 37ESp&f o dS rD;jzpfox l H &Sdovm;/ ppfwyftoHk;p&dwfu b,favmufvJ/ tdrfeD;csif;wdkif;
zkef;qufjyD; towfcH&awmhr,f/ tmqJpfykjzpfzkd@rsm;w,f/ &Jac: jynfawGe@J qufqaH &; b,fv&kd o dS vJ/ vl@tcGit
hf a&;udk av;pm;
ay;ygvkd@ ajym=um;jyD;aemuf towfcHcJh&jcif;jzpfygonf? jcHrSm wJ h t qif h u b,f a vmuf v J p wJ h tcsuf a wG tygt0if t
jcHapmifhtvkyform;rsm;&&SdayrJh w&m;cH[mjcH&J@taetxm;ukd a=umif;tcsuf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk =unhf&_ tuJjzwfygw,f?
odjyD; tapmifrh sm;rodatmif 0ifa&mufjyD;vlowfru _ sL;vGecf jhJ cif;
jzpfygonf?
jyD; ppfcsufrsm;ukd,laeygonf? vli,fonf rD;yGKdihfteD;ukdjzwfjyD;
oG m ;wJ h t cgrS m vl r sOf ; usm;rS m apmif h a eol ol e mjyKq&mr
olemjyKq&mr 3a,muf 3a,mufudk wku d cf jhJ cif;jzpfw,fv@dk &JrpS cJG suw f ifcyhJ gonf? vli,f
u ,mOfwkdufr_ukd0efcHjyD; 20-30rDwmtuGmwGif rD;0gukdjzwfcJh
um;wkdufcH&jyD; aoqkH; jcif;jzpfjyD; wzufrv S maom ,mOfEiS w hf u dk rf jd yD; rD;yGKid u
hf ;l &efapmifh
aeaom olemjyKq&mrrsm;ukd wkdufrdjcif;jzpfw,fvdk@qkdygonf?
tu,fIrD;yGKdifhrSm &yfcJhv#ifaemufum;ESifhwkdufrdEkdifvkd@ rD;0gukd
tr_rSm,kdukd[m;rm;jrKd@e,fwGif 2009ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif jzwf&jcif;vkd@vnf; ta=umif;jycJhygonf? vli,f.,mOfESifh t
ukd,fykdifum;armif;ESifol um0gqmuDjrKd@ae/ wuUokdvfausmif; jcm;wzufrv S maom ,mOfwu dk rf w
d t
hJ wGuf tjcm;wzufrv S m
om; 19ESpfu/ olemjyKq&mr okH;a,mufukd rD;yGKdifhwGif wkdufr_ aom ,mOfarmif;rSmvnf; '%f&m&&SdoGm;cJhygonf? w&m;&kH;rS
jzpfjyD; aoqkH;cJhr_ukd ,kdudk[m;rm;jrKd@e,fw&m;&kH;u tr_ppfaq; tr_ukdqufvuf ppfaq;r,fvkd@ qkH;jzwfcJhygonf?
8
ukdazmfn$ef;&m a&mufaeayonf? zDzmxuf (10) ESpfapm+yD;
1894ck E S p f w G i f zG J @ pnf ; cJ h o nf h Ek d i f i H w umtk d v H y pf a umf r wD
“'DurBm (IOC)rSmvnf; tm;upm;enf;rsdK;pkHyg0ifonfh +ydKifyJGukd usif;
ajr}uD;ay: yay;onfh tzGJ@tpnf; wpfckjzpfaomfvnf; tzGJ@0ifEkdifiH ta&
rSmvlom; twGufYrl zDzmxuf (5)EkdifiHavsmhenf;vsuf&Sdaeonf?
tm;vkH;udk
qGJaqmif
pnf;&kH;Ekdif - tm&Srp
S cJo
h nfa
h bmvk;H -
wJhodrf;oGif; abmvk;H tm;upm;enf;ukd pwifwx D iG cf o
hJ nfh Ekid if rH mS
csnfaESmif t*FvefEkdifiH[k qkdcJhaomfvnf; ordkif;okawoDrsm;. avhvm
e,fvfqifrif'Jvm;(awmiftmz&duorRwa[mi;f) EkdifwJhpGrf; azmfxw k cf surf sm;t&
12345678901234567890 tm;&SdwJht vGefcJhonfhESpfaygif;
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890 &m[mwpfcw
k nf;&Syd gw,f? (2000)/ (3000)
urBmh
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890 tJ'guawmhabmvkH;ygyJ?”
12345678901234567890 cef@uyif abmvk;H u
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890 pm;jcif;rSm pwifcJhjyD
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890 vlrsdK;a&;cGJjcm;r_
12345678901234567890 jzpf a =umif ; ord k i f ;
z
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890 qef @ usif a &;twG u f t
S
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
axmuf t xm;rsm;
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890 usOf ; axmif x J w G i f (27) jzifah wG@&&dS onf? a&S; w&kwfvlrsKd;wkd h. a&S;&kd;&m qlcsL(Cuju)
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890 abmvkH;upm;enf;
12345678901234567890 ES p f = umwd k u f y J G 0 if c J h a om acwf * &d v l r sd K ;rsm;
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890 Ekdb,fvf+idrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sif
vm;
12345678901234567890 ESifh a&mrtifyg,m
oc
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
awmif t mz&d u orR w rS &kdrefvlrsdK;rsm;rSm t&G,ftpm; trsdK;rsdK;aom abmvkH;rsm;ukd
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890 a[mif ; e,f v f q if r if ' J
12345678901234567890 ajcjzif h u pm;onf h upm;enf ; rsm;uk d jyKvk y f c J h = ua=umif ;
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890 vm; ajymcJhaompum;uJh awG@&SdcJh&onf? a&S;acwf *&dtEkynmvuf&mrsm;wGifvnf;
ce
12345678901234567890
abm
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
okd@yif abmvkH;tm;upm;
enf;rSm urBmwpf0Srf;vkH;
uk d v$ r f ; rd k ; Ek d i f o nf h t &m
abmvk;H upm;jcif;. ordik ;f pmrsuEf mS rsm;ukd awG@&cdS &hJ onf? a&S;
tusq;Hk aom rSww f rf;rSm bDp-D 300ESihf 100=um;umvrsm;wGif
w&kwf{u&mZf csefa*gifpDonf qlcsL(Cuju)[kac:wGifaom
r
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
vkH;
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
tjzpf &yf w nf a e+yD j zpf
onf? urBmwpf0Srf;vkH;&Sd
EkdifiHaygif; (200)ausmfwGif
om;a&abmvkH;upm;jcif;ukd pwifwDxGifcJha=umif; awG@&SdcJh&
onf? qlcsL.t"dy`g,frSm abmvkH;ukduefjcif;[k t"dy`g,f&+yD;
0g;yifrsm;wGif wGJvGJcsnf aESmifxm;aom t0wfjzifhjyKvkyfxm;
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890 vlom;tm;vkH;ukd zrf;pm; onfh taygufrsm;xJokd@ abmvkH;udkuefxnfh &jcif;yifjzpfonf?
o
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
Ekdifonfh tm;upm;enf;
wpf&yfjzpfae+yD; urBmay:
wG i f vl } ud K uf t rsm;qk H ;
bDpD-200ESifh at'D-200=um;[efacwfwGifrl qlcsLabmvkH;u
pm;enf;ukd pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm; twnfwusowfrSwfI upm;
12345678901234567890 =ua=umif; rSwfwrf;rsm;Y awG@&Sd&onf? xdk@aemuf qlcsLupm;
12345678901234567890
rkdi f;
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
tm;upm;enf ; rS m vnf ;
abmvH;k yifjzpfonf? urBmh
ukvor*~ (UN) tzJ@G 0if
enf;rSm tm&Sta&S@ykdif;&Sdukd&D;,m;/ *syefEkdifiHrsm;okd@ysH@ESH@oGm;+yD;
'urfrm&D'[k trnfay;um abmvk;H upm;jcif;ukd qufvufjyK
vkyfcJh=ua=umif; awG@&SdcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf abmvkH;upm;enf;
12345678901234567890 EkdifiHta&twGufrSm
12345678901234567890 rSm EkdifiHtoD;oD;okd@ ys@HESH@a&muf&SdcJhaomf
t
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
(192) Ek d i f i H o m&S d a omf
vnf; urBmhabmvkH;tzGJ@
csKyf(zDzm) tzGJ@0ifEkdifiH t
vnf; wpfausmif;wpf*gxm/ wpf&Gmwpf
yk'fqef;qkdouJhokd@yif pnf;rsOf;trsdK;rsdK;/
12345678901234567890 ykHpHtrsdK;rsdK;jzifh abmvkH;upm;cJh=uonf?
usOf;
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890
a&twG u f r S m (208)Ek d i f
iH t xd & S d a ejcif ; u abm
vkH;tm;upm;. v$rf;rdk;r_
*sL;&D;ruf
Oa&myYrl at'D-5 &mpkrS 15 &mpk
t=um; Mid- dle AgeacwfumvY
abmvk;H yJG rsm; pwifxif&em; vmcJo h nf?
9
-Edki i
f w
H umabmvH;k +ydKifyr
JG sm;.tp-
urBmhabmvHk;orkdif;Y yxrqHk; EdkifiHwumabmvHk;[k
t*F v ef Ek d i f i H Y rl
at'D-1174rS 1183 at'D-50&mpkcef@u abmvkH;upm;enf;
umvtwG i f ; tk y f
csKyf c J h a ombk & if 0D
vszH pfZpf wDzif vuf
xuf Y t*F v ef v l
i,frsm;ukd abmvkH; a&S;cwf*&dtEkyabmvk nmvuf&mrsm;wGif awG@&onfh
H;upm;ykH
upm;apcJ h a =umif ;
od & S d & onf ? at'D - 1300ausmf c k E S p f r sm;wG i f t*F v ef Y
abmvkH;upm;jcif;rSm t&Sdefjrifhvmaomfvnf; tkyfcsKyfolvl
wef;pm;rsm;u abmvk;H ukd wm;qD;ydwyf if&ef }uH&, G cf =hJ uonf?
1314wGif vef'ef +rdK@awmf0efzm'efu abmvkH;upm;jcif;ukd
Oya'xkwfjyefwm;qD;cJhovkd/ 1363wGifvnf; tuf'f0yfbk&if
(III)u abmvkH;upm;jcif;ukd &efvkdaom upm;enf;[kqkdum
ydwfyifcJhonf? 16&mpkESpfrsm;wGifrl abmvkH;upm;jcif;rSm jyef
vnfacwfpm;vmcJh+yD; t*Fvefpmoifausmif;trsm;tjym;wGif owfrSwfcHcJh&onfhyGJrSm paumhwvefEdkifiH/ *vufp*dk+rdK@Y 1872
abmvkH;upm;jcif;rsm;ukd jyKvkyfcJh=uonf? ckESpfuusif;ycJhaom t*FvefESifhpaumhwvefwdk@. yGJjzpfonf?
t*Fvefpmoifausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;tkyf}uD;rsm;u yxrqH;k Edik if w H umabmvk;H +ydKifyrJG mS rl 1884ckEpS w f iG f usi;f ycJ+h yD;
ausmif;om;rsm;. use;f rma&;udk taxmuftuljyKaom abm British Home Championship [ktrnf&um +Adwed f
vH;k upm;enf;tm; vufccH hJ aomfvnf; '%f&mtemw& jzpfrr_ S (4)EdkifiHjzpfaom t*Fvef/ paumhwvef/ a0;vfpf/ tdkif,mvef
wm;jrpf & ef & nf & G , f I pnf ; urf ; rsm;csrS w f c J h o nf ? 1842Y EdkifiHrsm; yg0if,SOf+ydKifcJh=uonf? xkdpOfu +AdwdefjyifywGif abm
a'gufwmaomrwfpf tmEdk;[ktrnf&aom ausmif;tkyf}uD; vHk;udk pnf;urf;wusupm; jcif;rSm &Sm;yg;+yD;/ o&kyfjyyGJrsm;
wpfOD;u abmvHk;upm;enf; tjzpfom upm;jcif;jzpfonf?
tm; vufudkyg toHk;jyKI& 1900/ 1904aEG&moD tdkvHypf
aom &yfbDupm;enf;ESifh ajc +ydKifyGJrsm;wGif abmvHk;tm;u
jzifhomupm;&aom abmvHk; pm;enf;yg0ifcJhaomfvnf; qk
upm;enf;[lI (2)rsdK;cGJum wHqyd cf s;D jr‡ijhf cif; r&Scd ahJ y? 1904
pnf ; rsOf ; rsm; a&;qG J c J h o nf ? wG i f urB m h a bmvH k ; tzG J @ csKyf
1863 ckEpS w f iG f vef'efY t*F (zDzm)udk pwifzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD;/ Edkif
vefabmvH;k tzG@J csKyf (FA)udk iHwumtoif;rsm; yg0ifaom
wnf a xmif u m acwf o pf abmvH k ; yG J r sm; usif ; ya&;t
1924 tkdvHypfjyKdifyGJwGif AkdvfpGJcJhonf O&ka*G; abmvkH;toif;
abmvH k ; upm;jcif ; twG u f wGuf aqG;aEG;nd‡Ed_if;yGJudk qGpf
pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk a&;qGJ xkwf Zmvef E d k i f i H w G i f 1906ck E S p f Y
jyef c J h = uonf ? ,if ; rS t pjyKum ,ae@acwf a bmvH k ; upm; usif;ycJhonf? 1908aEG&moDtdkvHypf+ydKifyGJwGif abmvHk;rSm w
enf;rSm pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh aygufzGm;vmcJhonf? &m;0if usif;yonfh +ydKifyGJjzpfvm+yD;/ *&dwf+Adwdeftoif;u a&$
wHqdyfqkqGwfcl;cJhonf? xdk@aemuf 1914ckESpfwGif tdkvHypf+ydKifyGJ
uJhodk@ abmvHk;+ydKifyGJwpfckudk pkpnf;usif;y&ef zDzmuoabmwl
nDr&_ &Scd hJ onf? 1918ckEpS w f iG f zDzmOuUÏjzpfvmaom jyifopfvl
rsdK;*sL;&Drufu abmvHk;+ydKifyGJwpfck ay:aygufvm&ef pdwfa&m
pmrsuf E S m 18ok d h
10
2010a&G;aumufyGJwGi f vef'efu
w&kwfvlrsKd;rsm; rJxnfhEkdi fa&; &kd[i f*smta=umi f;"gwfykHjyyGJ
{nfhEkdi fiHom;u'f xkwfay;rnf b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHu 'kuQonfpcef;awGrSm a&muf&Sdae
xkid af e=uwJh &k[ d if*sm'kuo Q nfawGEiS thf wlaejyD; "gwyf aHk wG&udk cf hJ
wJh b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHu "gwfykHq&m Saiful Huq Omiu
ucsifjynfe,f rkd;aumif;jrKd he,ftwGif;&Sd w&kwfvlrsKd; vef'efjrKd@rmS ZGev f 15&ufae 24&ufae t h xd"gwyf jHk yyGJ jyoae
rsm; 2010a&G;aumufyGJwGif rJxnfhekdifta&;twGuf {nfhEkdifiH ygw,f?
om;u'frsm; xkwfay;&ef&SdaejyD; jynfxJa&;'k0ef=uD;ukd,fwkdif tckvkdjy&wJh &nf&G,fcsufu &kd[if*smawGta=umif;
vma&muf =uyfrwfaqmif&GufcJhonf[k od&onf? urBmuodzkd@qkdjyD;ajymygw,f?
jynfxaJ &;'k0ef=uD; Akv d rf LS ;csKyfbek ;f aqG r=umao;onfh &kd[if*smawGukd 'kuQonfawGvkd@ajymayrJh olwkd@[m
&ufydkif;twGif;u rkd;aumif;jrKd@okd@ a&muf&SdvmjyD; w&kwfvlrsKd; EkdifiHrJhawGyg? 'kuQawGjy\emawG trsm;=uD;&ifqkdifae&wmyg?
jre
rsm; {nfhEkdifiHom;u'frsm; &&Sda&;twGuf aqmif&Gufaea=umif; wu,fawmh tjyifurBmurjrif&wJh 'kuQonfawGygvkd@ "gwfykH
av#mufvGmazmifrsm;ukd rkd;aumif;jrKd@eef@&if;&yfuGuf&Sd 4if;. q&m uqdyk gw,f?
aqGrsKd;tdrfwGif oGm;a&muf,l&jyD; azmifjznfhjyefay;ae&a=umif; 'gt h jyif tmz*efepPwefEiS hf ygvufpwkid ;f rSm ppfyjJG zpfae
rkd;aumif;jrKd@cH w&kwftrsKd;om;wpfOD;u ajymonf? wmukd urBmuodayrJh 'D&kd[if*smjy\emukdawmh rod=uygbl;?
rf mo
4if;u “ jyD;cJhwJh 1990rJay;wkef;uESifh 'Dt&ifuqkd
w&kwaf wGu rJrxnf&h bl;? tckraJ y;Ekid zf dk h xkwaf y;wmvk@d o&d
onf? jynfxJa&;'k0ef=uD;vmjyD;uwnf;uu 'DvkdjzpfcJhwmyg?
olu rk;d aumif;om;vkd h =um;w,f? olvnf; 'Duae 0ifta&G;
cHr,fqkdjyD; owif;awGxGufaew,f? tckazmifukefaevkd h c%
'D"gwfykHawG=unfhjyD; jrefrmjynfrSm bmawGjzpfaew,fqkdwm
odomG ;rSmyg? &k[
a&muf'u
ajymygw,f?
k o
d if*smrS r[kwyf gb;l ? jrefrmjynfrmS &Sad ewJh jynfy
Q nfawG tm;vk;H twGuyf g? 'Djy\emawGudk &Si;f zk@d u
jrefrmjynfrmS 'Dru dk a&pD&atmif ajz&Si;f &rSmjzpfygw,fv@dk olu
pcef;xJu'kuQonfawG tjyifuvlawGxufomw,f
wi
&yfxm;wm[k ajymonf?”
ucsifjynfe,ftwGif; w&kwfvlrsKd; trsm;tjym;&SdjyD; qkdayrJh tvkyfvkyfcGifhr&Sdbl;? 2006ckESpf aemufykdif;usrS uav;
trsm;pk 1949ckEpS f w&kwu f eG jf rLepfygwD tm%m&&Scd sed Ef iS hf 1960 awGu pmoif=um;cGifh&vm=uw,f pojzifhuef@owf csKyfcs,f
ckESpfrsm;0ef;usifumv w&kwfjynf,Ofaus;r_awmfvSefa&;um csufawG &Sdaeygw,fvkd@ qkdygw,f?
'D"gwyf jHk yyGuJ dk ukvor*~'uk o Q nfrsm;&k;H (UNHCR)
;f
vtwGif;wGif w&kwfEkdifiHom;rsm;onf jrefrmjynftxufykdif;
okd h xGufajy;ckdv_Ha&muf&Sdtajccsr_rsm;&SdcJha=umif;/ jrpf=uD;emrS u pDpOfay;cJhwmvnf;jzpfygw,f?
a&S haewpfOD;u ajymonf?
4if ; u “ FRC (foreigner registration
cretificate) &xm;wJh w&kwaf wGtrsm;=uD;&Sw d ,f? olwdk t
h ,ckuJhokd@ w&kwfEkdifiHom;rsm;ukd {nfhEdkifiHom;u'f
aeeJ@ rJay;ekid cf iG rfh &bl;? w&kwaf usmif;om; trSwb f ,favmuf xkwfay;rnfqkdonfrSm pnf;&kH;rJqG,fonfhoabmjzpfjyD; ucsif
aumif;aumif; aq;wkd@/ pufr_wkd@wufcGifhr&Sdbl;? tufzftmpD jynfe,fom;rsm;jzpfonfh 0ef=uD;rsm;/ nGefrSL;rsm;u jyD;cJhonfh
vufrSwfu u'fr[kwfbl;/ pm&GufeJ@? ESpfpOfEkdifawmfukd tcGef ESpfrsm;uwnf;upI vma&mufpnf;&kH;rJqG,fr_rsm;&Sdaea=umif;
aqmifxm;wJh qD;vfwq H yd af wG xkxm;w,f? rqvacwfu usyf jrpf=uD;em;jrKd@cH a&S haeu ajymonf?
50? tckuaxmifykdif;? tjcm;a'orSm a&G hajymif;oGm;aewJh etzu jyD;cJhonfhrwfvtwGif; xkwfjyefcJhonf EkdifiH
w&kwfqkd&if wpfESpfaomif;ykdif;txd ay;&onf? w&kwfawGu a&; ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'wGif {nfhEkdifiHom;/ EkdifiHom;jyK
tckvkdcsdefrSm {nfhEkdifiHom;u'f&r,fqkdawmh olwkd@twGuf cGifh&ol okd@r[kwf ,m,DoufaocHvufrSwfrsm;&Sdv#if ygwD
tcGifhta&;wpfck jzpfoGm;wmaygh ”[kajymonf? axmifjyD; a&G;aumufyGJ0ifcGifh&Sda=umif; xnfhoGif;xm;onf?
11
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
jrefrmEsLuvD;,m;
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
urBm}uD;uom jrefrmppfAdkvfcsKyfawGudk olwdk@

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
vkycf siw f hJ &nf&, G cf sut f wdik ;f vGwv f wG v f yfvyf vkycf iG jhf yKvdu
k f 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
eJ@
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
r,fqdk&ifawmh jrefrmjynf[m ta&S@awmiftm&SrSm EsLuvD; 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
,m;tiftm;&SdwJh yxrqHk;EdkifiH jzpfvmygvdrfhr,f? 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
EsLuvD;,m;ydkifqdkifwJh EdkifiHjzpfvmzdk@ jrefrmjynf&J@ 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
vwfwavm }udK;yrf;aqmif&Gufr_ tao;pdyfawGudk az: jyxm; 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
tdkbm;rm;twGuf
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
wJhrSwfwrf;udk t,fvf*sm;ZD;,m; owif;Xmeu +yD;cJhwJhaom 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
=umae@rSm xkwfv$ifhoGm;cJhygw,f? aemfa0;tajcpdkuf 'Drkdu&uf 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
wpfjrefrmhtoH (DVB)uxkwv f yk wf hJ tJ'rD w
S w
f rf;xJrmS Orif 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
tcGi fhtvrf;
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
vd% k af cgi;f / EsLuvD;,m; taqmufttH"k mwfyekH @J pDrH csuaf wG 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
tygt0if tcsuftvuftjynfhtpHk xnfhoGif;az: jyxm;yg 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
w,f? 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
EsLuvD;,m;eJ@ 'H;k vufeufqikd &f m enf;ynmawGukd &k&S 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
Edik if rH mS oGm;a&mufavhvmqnf;yl;cJ+h yD; jrefrmjynf EsLuvD;,m;
tpDtpOfrSm udk,fwdkifyg0ifcJhwJh AkdvfrSL;pdkif;odef;0if;[m az: jyyg
ta&;}uD;wJh tcsuftvufawGeJ@twl 'DESpftapmydkif;rSm jref
rmppfwyfudk pGef@cGmcJhygw,f? jrefrmEdkifiH[m wu,ftE W&m,f vSJpGm }udKqdkonfvdk@ az: jycJhygw,f?
&Sad e+yDqw kd mudk Edik if w
H umrdom;pku quf+yD;vspv f sL&_v@kd r&Edik f 'ghjyif ta&S@awmiftm&S EsLuvD;,m;vufeuf uif;
awmhatmif ol&J@tcsuftvufawGu xifxif&Sm;&Sm; ouf rJhZkef xlaxmifjcif;onf urBmay:wGif EsLuvD;,m;avSsmhcsa&;
aojyvdkufwmygyJ? ESihf EsLuvD;,m; rjyef@ymG ;a&;wd@k twGuo f mru a'owGi;f +idr;f
EsLuvD;,m;ydik q f ikd wf hJ ppftm%m&Sif aemufwa,muf csrf;a&;ESifh vHk+cHKa&;udkyg taxmuftuljzpfaponf[k usEfkyf
ay:xGuv f mr_[m urBm}uD;twGuf aemufq;kH vdt k yfcsuf jzpfyg wdk@ tav;teuf,Hk=unfonfvdk@vnf; xnfhoGif;az: jycJhyg
vdrrhf ,f? 'gayr,fh tmqD,t H wGuu f awmh jrefrmjynfrmS EsLu ao;w,f?
vD;,m;&Sdvmjcif;[m EsLuvD;,m;vufeuf uif;rJha&;qdkwJh jrefrmjynftaeeJ@ tmqD,H a=unmcsux f rJ mS ygovdk
a'owGi;f rSm a&&Sn&f x dS m;wJh uwdu0wfawGukd azmufzsu&f m rsdK; a'owGif;&J@ tem*wftay: tajrmftjrifr&Sdbl;qdkwm
a&mufwmrdk@ tvGefpdk;&drfp&mudpP jzpfygw,f? tckawmh &Sif;oGm;yg+yD? ppftpdk;&&J@vSsdK@0SufcsufawGvnf; ayguf
vGefcJhwJh ckESpfvu pifumylEdkifiHrSm usif;ywJh yxr =um;vm+yDrdk@ ydk+yD;tE W&m,f&SdvmaewJh vHk+cHKa&;tajc taet
t}udrf tmqD,-H tar&duef xdyo f ;D tpnf;ta0;udk tar&duef ay: EdkifiHwumrdom;pktaeeJ@ vdktyfovdk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;zdk@
orRwtdkbm;rm; wufa&mufcJhygw,f? tpnf;ta0; wuf vnf; tcsdefusa&mufvmyg+yD?
a&mufwJh tmqD,Hacgif;aqmifawGu tdkbm;rm;&J@ EsLuvD; vH k + cH K a&;eJ @ ywf o uf + yD ; t"d u pd k ; &d r f p &mtcsuf w ck
,m;vufeufavSsmhcsa&;twGuf }udK;yrf;r_awGudk csD;usL;cJh=u uawmh jrefrmeJ@ajrmufudk&D;,m; qufqHa&;yJjzpfygw,f? em
ygw,f? tJh'DtxJrSm tar&duef&J@ jrefrmjynfeJ@xdawG@ qufqH rnfq;kd eJ@ ausm=f um;aewJh 'DEpS Ef ikd if =H um;rSm r[mrdwzf @JG xm;wm
a&;qdkwJh rl0g'topfa=umifh tpnf;ta0;wufcGifh&cJhwJh ppft ESpftawmf=umaeyg+yD? EsLuvD;,m;vufeuf zGH@+zdK;a&;twGuf
pdk;&0ef}uD;csKyf OD;odef;pdefvnf; yg0ifygw,f? yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_[m ESpfEdkifiHqufqHa&;&J? tajccHta=umif;
tmqD,aH cgi;f aqmifawGu olw@kd &@J yl;wGJ a=unmcsuf &if;wcsuf jzpfw,fqdkwm tckqdk&if wpxufwp ay:vGifxif
xJrSm 'gEdkifiHwum+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh urBmay:wGif EsLuvD;,m; &Sm; vmaeygw,f?
vufeufavSsmhcsa&;tygt0if EdkifiHwumvHk+cHKa&;twGuf t tar&duef umuG,fa&;0ef}uD; a&mbwf*dwfpf&J@ ajym
ar&dueforRw. }udK;yrf;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;udk uGsEfkyfwdk@u vd_uf a&;qdck iG &hf odS l *saD tmhzaf rmf&v J u
f tar&dueftpd;k &taeeJ@ jrefrm
jynf&?J “ ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;eJ@ ppfa&;t& yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf _ wd;k
12
jrSivhf mjcif;tay: pd;k &drrf wd ,fv@kd ” t,fv*f smZD;&m;u xkwv f i$ hf
oGm;wJh rSww f rf;xJu taxmuftxm;awGe@J ywfouf+yD; ajym
=um;&mrSm xnfhoGif;ajym=um;cJhygw,f? 'gayr,fh EsLuvD;
,m;eJ@oufqdkifwJh jrefrmppftpdk;&tay: pGyfpGJcsufawGudkawmh
ti
tiffwmeufuzD;wGi f
bmrS ajymqdkoGm;jcif; r&Sdygbl;?
ajrmufudk&D;,m;eJ@ vufeufcJ,rf;ukefoG,fr_udk wm;
ti
tiffwmeufokH;olrsm; owdxm;&ef
jrpfyw d yf ifwhJ ukvor*~v+kH cHKa&;aumifpD qH;k jzwfcsuaf wGuakd wmh
*sDatmhzfarmf&Jvfu ajymoGm;wm awG@&ygw,f? tifwmeufuzD;awGrSm oGm;okH;wJhtcg txl;owd
“jref r mtpd k ; &taeeJ @ uk v or*~ v H k + cH K a&;aumif p D xm;&r,fh ta&;=uD;tcsufwpfcsuf &Sdygw,f? tJ'guawmh
qHk;jzwfcsufawGtwdkif; vdkufygaqmif&Gufr_&Sdr&Sd usaemfwdk@ ukd,fokH;r,fh Key-
teD;uyf apmifh=unfhaeygw,f”vdk@ olu qdkygw,f? board =uKd;eJ@Sys-
'DudpPu tar&duefjynfaxmifpktwGuf “pdk;&drfr,fh tem Unit uGefysK
qdv k nf; pd;k &drpf &myg? ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;Edik if &H @J EsLuvD;,m;vuf wmeJ@csdwfr,fh yvyf
eufawGyikd q f ikd rf u
_ ta&S@tm&SrmS wif;rmr_awGukd odoo d mom aygufrSmteufa&mif
jrifhwufvmapwmjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifhrdk@ ajrmufudk&D;,m;u av;wpf c k c H x m;jyD
vufeufcJ,rf;eJ@ enf;ynmawG ta&S@awmiftm&SqD jyef@yGm; qkd&if tJ'DuGefysKwm
r_udk rwm;qD;Edkif&if tJh'Da'o vHk+cHKa&;udkvnf; trSefwu,f rSm rok;H awmheJ ?h
xdcdkufaprSm jzpfygw,f? tJ ' D Black
'ga=umifh orRw tdkbm;rm; tpdk;&taeeJ@ jrefrmEdkifiH Deviceu uk d , f
udpu P kd tav;xm;+yD; tar&dueftpd;k &&J@ ta&S@awmif tm&Sqikd f &kdufor# tuQ&m*%ef;awGtm;vkH;ukd odkrSwfodrf;qnf;vkduf
&m rl0g'awGxrJ mS jrefrmjynfukd OD;pm;ay;tjzpfe@J csrw S af qmif wJt h wGuf ok;H wJo h l Keyboard rSm&kud of r# tm;vk;H rSwx f m;
&Guf&rSm jzpfygw,f? vkdufa&m? ukd,fh&Jh E-mail Password tygt0if tJ'Dae@
'Dvdkaqmif&GufwJhae&mrSm ueOD;taeeJ@ ppftpdk;&&J@ ok;H or# uk, d af &;uk,d w
f m tcsut
f vufawGtm;vk;H ck;d ,lxm;
EdkifiHwumpHn$ef;awG csdK;azmufaer_eJ@ywfouf+yD; ta&;,l cH&jyDomrSw?f c&uf'pfu'fwdk /h b%fpm&if;wkd ok;H jyD; Online
aqmif&GufwJhtcgrsdK;rSm twlyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufzdk@ ukvor*~ ay:rSm 0,fcsifwm
vH+k cHKa&;aumifprD mS ppftpd;k &bufu t+rJwef; ckid cf ikd rf mrm ckcH 0,f v k d @ &wJ h ek d i f i H
ay;avh&SdwJh w&kwfeJ@&k&Sm;udk tar&dueftpdk;&u wGef;tm;ay; awG r S m awmh yk d q d k ;
Edkifygw,f? wmaygh ? c&uf ' pf
tar&dueftpdk;&rSm 'Drdkua&pDeJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;udpP u'f e H y gwf w k d @ b%f
awGtay: t"duxm;wJh jrefrmEdik if q H ikd &f m rl0g'awG &S+d yD;om;yg? pm&if;eHygww f @dk &ku d f
'Dt&mawGukd vufawG@taumiftxnfazmf&mrSm ppftpd;k &Adv k f xnfhvkdufwmeJ@ ckd;
csKyf}uD;awGe@J olw@kd &@J vkyaf zmfuikd zf ufawGtay: ypfrw S x f m;wJh jyD;om;yJ? ae@rul;
'%fcwfta&;,lr_awGeJ@twl tar&dueftpdk;&taeeJ@ wjcm; cif tif w meuf u
EdkifiHawGu yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvmatmifvnf; tckxufydk+yD; zD ; awG r S m ok H ; &if o
aqmif&GufEdkifwm jzpfygw,f? wdxm;? b%fxJu
orRw tdkbmrm; tpdk;&taeeJ@ jrefrmppftpdk;&u &S d w J h uk d , f y k d i f a iG
ukvor*~ vH+k cHKa&;aumifpq D ;kH jzwfcsuf trSwf 1874tay: xif ajymifzkd@omjyif?
xif&Sm;&Sm; csdK;azmufaer_udk tjypfay;ta&;,lzdk@ tjrefqHk; 'D Black deviceukd Ekid if w
H csKd rh mS awmh [kw d ,fawG/
aqmif&Gufoifhygw,f? (ajrmufudk&D;,m;EdkifiHu EsLuvD;,m; ukefpnfjyyGJawG/ avqdyfawGeJ h tifwmeufuzD;awGrSm trsm;
vufeufprf;oyfwmrdk@ 'DqHk;jzwfcsufudk vGefcJhwJhwESpfu vHk+cHK tm;jzifhokH;=uw,f? jrefrmEkdifiHrSmawmh tifwmeufuzD;awG
a&;aumifpDrSm tm;vHk;u wnDwnGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfcsufcscJh rSm ok;H zkd rh sm;w,f? aocsmppf=unfjh yD;rS ok;H ayg?h aocsmatmif
wmyg/ qH;k jzwfcsut f & ukvor*~tzG@J 0if b,fEikd if u H rS ajrmuf ykHygxnfhay;vkdufw,f?
pmrsuf E S m 3ok d h
13
rlvwef;ausmi
ausmiff;q&mu rlvwef;ausmi ausmiff;olukd jref r m - *syef b momjyef
rk'drf;usi
usiffhr_jzpfyGm; tusKd ; aqmif
zkutk u dk c&dik &f dS tpk;d &rlvwef;ausmif;rSm touf 40&Sd µ tjrefq;Hk jzpfap&ygrnf?
aom ausmif;q&mu rlvwef;ausmif;olukd rk'drf;usifhr_jzpfyGm;
cJhygonf? c&kdif&J&J@ppfaq;csuft& ausmif;q&m[m rlvwef; µ aps;E_e;f toufomqk;H jzpfap
ausmif;olav;ukd zkuktkduc&kdifwGif;&Sd Love Hotelukdac: &ygrnf?
´
oGm;jyD; rk'drf;usifhcJhw,fvkd@qkdygonf? ausmif;olav;onf
touf 13ESpfatmufuav;oli,fvkd@ odv#ufom;ESifh [kd µ rnfor l qkd vGwv f yfpmG jzifh tcsdeef m
w,frSm rk'drf;usifhcJhjcif;jzpfygonf? ausmif;q&mrS {jyDvrSm &Dra&G; qufo, G Ef i
dk y
f gonf?
&Jtzrf;cH&jyD; ZGev f 19&ufae@rmS zkut k udk c&kid w
f &m;&k;H rSm tr_
µ 'k u Q o nf a v#muf x m;r_ r sm;/ Oya'a&;&m
ukd ppfaq;cHcJh&ygonf?
q&m[m 'DESpfaEG&moDtxd ausmif;ol&J@twef;ykdifq rsm;ukd tcrJhaqG;aEG;t=uHay;ygrnf?
&mtjzpf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmoif=um;cJhol wpfOD;jzpfygonf? tJ'D µ wdusrSefuefaom Oya'ykdi f;qkdi f&m tokH;
tawmtwGif;rSm cE<mukd,fukd t=udrfaygif;rsm;pGm ukdifwG,fcJh
jyD;/ tJ'DrSwqifhwufum [kdw,ftxd ac:aqmifoGm;cJhjcif;jzpf
ygonf? q&m[m 'DEpS {f jyDvrSm wjcm;ausmif;od@k ajymif;a&G@jcif;
cHcJh&jyD;aemuf ausmif;ol&J@rlysufaewJh tajctaeukdodwJh rdb
¶
tE_;H rsm;jzifh bmomjyefaqmif&u
vuf u k d i f
atmifjrwf0if; (Oya')
z k e f;- 090-7755-6002
G a
f y;ygrnf?
Kwansei Gakuin University
awGu ausmif;olukdppfar;&mrS q&m&J@rk'drf;r_u ay:aygufcJhjyD;

&JudkwkdifcJhjcif;jzpfygonf?
ausmif;ol&J@ touf/ emrnf/ q&m&J@emrnfawGukd
uav;oli,frsm;qkdif&m tcGifhta&;t& &JrSzGifhrajymEkdifbl;vkd@
° ¸
tD;ar;vf- freeburma.amw@gmail.com
aungmyatwin88@gmail.com
vdyfpm - 662-0893
Nishinomiya- Shi
Uegahara 3-5-35
Aibihiruzu (102)
qkyd gonf? ausmif;olu q&mq&mqkjd yD; c|jJ cif;a=umifjh zpfomG ;&
wmygvkd@q&mu w&m;&kH;rSmxGufqkdoGm;ygonf?
qkdifzGifhcsdef
DOSTI reuf 10 em&D
rS
HALAL FOODS n 1 em&Dtxd
jrefrmtpm;tpmESifh tjcm;pm;aomufukefrsm;ukd aps;ESKef;csKdompGmjzifh &&SdEkdifygonf/

8941- Ouyacho, Tatabayashi
Gumma-Ken, Fujimine Haitsu 105 tywfpOf aom=umae@wkdif;
374-0054
Tel: 0276-753395 'efayguft0pm;-,ef; 700-wnf;om
Mobile: 080-6520-9218
14
,cif v rS t quf
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 &cdkifjynfwGif jyifyrSa&mufvmaom rGwfq
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 vifvlrsdL;rsm;ESifh ,if;wdk h.om;r,m;rsm;om tpPvmrfbm
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 omudk udk;uG,faeonfr[kwfbJ [dENLbmom0iftcsdK@uvnf;
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 tpPvmrfbmomodk h ul;ajymif;vmcJo h nf?xd@k jyif Ak'b < momudk
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 tpOfwpdu k f ud;k uG,af e=ujyD;olrsm;vnf; tpPvmrfbm omod@k
12345678901234567890123
&ckdi fjynf
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
ul;ajymif;ud;k uG,rf r_ sm; &dcS o hJ nf? Ttcsuu
awmf OD;nm%u &cdkif&mZ0ifopf 'kwd,wGJ (pmrsufESm 161/
163) rif;om;=uD;vufxuf(at'D 1531/1553)wGif yg&Siftifyg
f kd “n0wD q&m
12345678901234567890123 ,mbufrS OD;aqmifaom oHtrwf 3OD;bk&ifxHa&mufvm=u

12345678901234567890123
ESi fh
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
onf? tdENd,EdkifiHrS tpPvmrfw&m;a[m omoemjyKq&mrsm;
vnf; ygvm=ujyD;/ &ckid jf ynfow l @kd tm; omoemjyK&m tcsKd ,
=unfvm=ujyD; tpPvmrfbmomodk hul;ajymif;udk;uG,fcJh=u
onf[k az: jyxm;onf?
h kH
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
&kd[if*sm
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
vmrfbmomudu
15 &mpkwiG f rsm;pGmaom Ak'b
u jrefrm&mZ0if odrw
k ;kd uG,I f rGwq
S zf ,
< mom0if&cdik w
G &f mtjzmjzm pmtkyw

onf? EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0ifa[mif; owif;pmq&m OD;vSxGef;
f @kd rmS tpP
f vifrsm;jzpf=ua=umif; OD;=unf
f iG f a&;om;cJah y
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 jzLuvnf; Ak'<bmomtcsdK h tpPvmrfbmomodk hul;ajymif;cJh
vl h
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
a=umif; “atmif;yef;=uD;aiG pum;&nfvyk ”JG pmtkyw
az: jyxm;onf? xdpk Ofu &cdik jf ynf. tavhtxm;wckrmS Edik if H
jcm;rSvmolrsm;uvnf; qEN&v
f iG tf wnfjyK
Sd #if &cdik jf ynforl sm;ESihf vufxyf

12345678901234567890123 xdrf;jrm;Edkifonf? odk@aomf&ckdifjynfrS xGufcGmoGm;aomtcg
tzGJ h
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
om;r,m;rsm;udk ac:aqmifoGm;cGifhr&dScJ@acs? odk@a=umif@ Oa&my
om;wdk@onf 4if;wdk@. &ckdifZeD;r,m;ESifh om;orD;rsm;udk &cdkif
jynfYcsefxm;ygu tpPvmrfbmomodk@ ul;ajymif;oGm;rnf[k
pd;k &drI
f cd;k ,lac:aqmifr_ udprP sm;pGmay:cJ@a=umif; ae@pOfrw S wf rf;
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
tpnf; rsm;wGif awG@&onf? od@k a=umift h jcm;bmomrsm;rS tpPvmrf
(16)
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 ombmodk@ ul;ajymif;udk;uG,folrsm;vnf; &ckdifjynfY renf;vS
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 ay?
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 (8)
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 rG w f q vif . tvG e f t a&;=uD ; aom &ck d i f j ynf E S i f h
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 qufE, G o
f nf@ Zwfvrf;wuGuyf g&o Sd nf? ,if;onfum; r*dt k rd f
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 a&S@rif; om;&Sm;&SLZmonf &cdkifjynfodk@ a&mufvmjcif;yif jzpf
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 onf? at'D 1660wGit f Ed ,
Nd jynfY &Sm;*s[efb&k ifu,
G v f eG cf @J &m
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 om;awmf &Sm;&SLZmonf aemifawmf=o&eftZpfESifh eef;vkcJ@&m
ta&;edrfhojzifh &cdkifbk&if pENol"rRrif; (1652-1684)xH tul
tnD awmif;vmcJ@onf? pENok"rRrif;tm; *wdrwnf[kqdkum
15
&Sm;&SL Zmudk ykeu f efc&hJ m &Sm;&SLZmusq;kH cJo
h nf? 4if;ESiyhf gvmaom ojzifh &dk[if*sm(&dk[ifom;)[kac:wGifvmcJ@onf?
tajcG t&H uref ( av;onf a wmf ) wd k @ tm; &cd k i f b k & if . rGwfqvif,Ofaus;r_. tusdK;qufrsm;a=umifh &ckdifvl
ud,k &f aH wmf tjzpfcef@xm;cJ@onf? xdpk OfupI urefrw G pf vif[k rsKd ;wd@k . ,Ofaus;r_rmS vnf; wpwpwd;k wufvmcJ@ayonf? tkyf
&ck d i f j ynf wG i f w nf & d S v monf ? &S m ;&S L Zm;ES i f h t wl csKyfa&;e,fy,fYaomfvnfaumif;/ ppfzufYvnfaumif;/ wdk;
uref a v;onf a wmf oH k ; axmif a usmf y g&d S c J h o nf [ k wufr_rsm; tqifhjrifh jzpfxGef;cJhayonf?
tcsd K @ord k i f ; q&m rsm;uqd k y gonf ? aemuf b *F v m;ES i f h od@k jzpf&m &d;k rwbufausmrf S ArmvlrsKd ;rsm;u &cdik jf ynf
td E N d , wd k @ rS v nf ; av;onf a wmf trsm; tjym;tjyif ukd usL;ausmw f ukd cf u kd f odr;f ydu k cf @J aom 1785ckEpS rf wdik rf u DS &cdik f
td E N d , wd k @ rS v nf ; av;onf a wmf t rsm;tjym;tjyif jynfwiG f tpPvmrfbmom0if rGwq f vifvrl sKd ;aygi;f oef;ESichf sjD yD;
tdENd,awmifydkif;rSvnf; ppfonftajrmuftjrm; udk,f&Hawmf &mpkEpS rf sm;pGmrSpI tajcpdu k af exdik v f mcJ@jyD; Armwd@k xuf tq
wyfwGif tr_xrf;vmcJ@onf? 1685ckESpfwGif eef;wGif;udk,f&H aygif;rsm;pGmwdk;wufopfvGifaom ,Ofaus;r_udk jyKpkysdK; axmif
awmfwyfom; tiftm;av;aomif;ausmf &dcS @J onf[q k o kd nf?(17) vmcJha=umif; cdkifvHkaomaomjynfwGif;jynfy ordkif;rSwfwrf;
rif;bm=uD;vufxuf urefo&l aJ umif; 5aomif; ausm&f cdS @J onf taxmuftxm;rsm;u oufaoxlvsuf&dSaeonf?
[k apmrJusDpmtkyfwGif t&SifOuUHu az: jycJ@onf? odk@jzpf&m 1785ckESpfrS 1842ckESpftxd ESpfaygif; (40)omtkyf
17&mpk &ckdifjynfwGif- csKyfc@J aom ArmjrdK@0efvufxufwiG f vlaygi;f ESpo f ed ;f ausmaf ojyD;/
Edik if OH ;D a&. xuf0ufausmw f @kd rmS ppfwaumif;e,fo@kd wdr;f a&Smif
(1) obm0ab;tE &W m,fa=umifh a&muf&v Sd maom tm&yf cJh&onf? wwfodynm&Sif okH;aomif;tygt0if vuf&zrf;qD;
rGwfqvifrsm;/ ac: aqmifomG ;avol ESpo f ed ;f ausmaf vonf? xkd t h jyif ESpaf ygi;f
(2) ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;a=umifh a&muf&aSd exkid t f ajc pduk f av;q,ftwGi;f jrefrmjynfrokd h t=udr=f udrf vlawmif;cHrr_ sm;
vmaom tm&yfyg&Sifukefonfrsm;/ a=umifh jynfrokd ah y;ykd ch &hJ onft h jyif ppfwaumif;e,fokd h xyfrH
(3) &cdkifbk&ife&rdwfvS. arwWm&yfcHcsuft& a*ghbk&if. wdr;f a&SmifomG ;olrsm;vnf; renf;vSay? t*Fvyd w f dk &h ckid jf ynfudk
ppfonftultnDtjzpf a&muf&dSvmjyD; e&rdwfvStm; odrf;,lvm 1824ckESpfwGif &ckdifjynf. vlOD;a&tenf;i,fr#om
eef;wifay;aom rsm;pGmaomwl&uD/ ygxef/ yg&Sifppfonf usecf . hJ ? 1825ckEpS f Zlvid_ v f 21&ufae t h pD&ifccH ahJ om jAdwo d #
awmfrsm;/ wyfrSL; a&mbwfqef. tpDcHpmt& 1825ckESpfwGif &ckdifjynf
(4) &cdkifjynf. pD&iftkyfcsKyfr_/ jyKjyifajymif;vJr_vkyfief;pOf vlO;D a&onf wpfoed ;f cef@ &Scd ahJ =umif; arm*f (&ckid )f ajcmufaomif;
tqifq h ift h wGuf t&drS jzpfvtkd yfI zdwaf c: ac:,lc@J ojzifh cef /h rGwq f vif ok;H aomif;cef@EiS @f Armtjcm; wpfaomif;cef@jzpf
vma&mufrif;r_xrf;cJholrsm;/ a=umif; tpD&ifccH o hJ nf?(18) ESpaf ygi;f av;q,ftwGi;f pdww f idk ;f
(5) b*Fvm;EdkifiHa&;ESifh ppfa&;tajctaet& taeEdkifbJ us zdEydS cf sKyfcs,jf yD; &ckid jf ynf,Ofaus;r_ taqmufttk=H uD;wpfck
&cdkifjynfxJodk@ cdkvSHKvmolrsm;/ vk;H ukd ysupf ;D apjyD;/ =uufysrH uspnfum;cJah om &ckid jf ynfudk wp
(6) ay:wl*D arm*fw@kd . zrf;qD;ac:aqmifra_ =umifh a&mufvm jyifjzpf&atmif zefw;D cJah om jrefrmav;jrKd@0eftyk af cwf ukeq f ;Hk csed f
aom b*F gvDvlrsdK;rsm;/ wGif rGwq f vifvOl ;D a& ok;H aomif;cef@&v dS #if a&$Armwkd &h ckid jf ynfudk
(7) [dENLbmom0if/ Ak'<bmom0ifwdk@rS tpPvmrfbmom rjrifbl;cif rnfr#&SdcJhrnfukd cef@rSef;Ekdifayonf?
odk@ ul;ajymif;vmolrsm;/ okd hjzpfI vl@orkdif;onf aysmufIr&Ekdifpaumif;aom
(8) udk,f&Hawmfwyfrsm;/ trSeftjzpftysuf wpf&yftjzpfaomfvnf; orkdif;ta=umif;ukd
azsmufzsuf&ef=uKd;pm;ae=uaom ukda&$&ckdifynmwwftrnfcH/
tp&dSonfh t&yfa'orsdK;pHkrS vmaom vltrsdK;rsdK;wdk@ okawoDtrnfcw H @dk . 0g'jzef@rr_ sm;onf &ckid jf ynf. wk;d wufru _ kd
onf a'owckwnf;odk@ wOD;csif;ESpfOD;csif;rS tkyfpkvdkufaom ykdrkdaemufjyefqGJaprnfh r&kd;om;aom vkyfief;rsm;yifjzpfonf?
tvnf;aumif; /tvHk;t&if;jzifhaomfvnf;aumif; &mpkaygif; &ckid jf ynfonf &ckid Ef iS &hf [ dk if*smtygt0if jrKd/ ouf/ 'kid ;f euf/ crd/
q,fausmu f wnf;u wpwp tajcpdu k af exkid v
f mcJo
h nf? ,if; csif;/ urefponfh orkdif;tqufqufaexkdifvmcJholrsm; pk
odk@ tajcpdkufaexdkifvm&if; ,if;wdk@toD;oD;wdk@. udk,fydkif,Of aygif;ykdifqkdif=ujyD; TvlrsKd;rsm;onf &ckdifjynf. t&Sifocifrsm;
aus;r_"avhx;kH pH/ tpPvmrfbmom0g' usiphf Ofw@kd EiS t hf wl a;ocH jzpf=uonf?
wd@k . "avhrsm;udyk ga&maESmjyD; &cdik vf t
l zG@J tpnf;wGif ,Ofaus;r_ -usrf;ukd;pm&if;-
opfw&yf jyKpkysKd ;axmifvmcJ@jyD; rsKd ;qufopfw&yfukd ay:xGe;f apcJh (1) q&mawmf pENrmvmvumF& &ckid &f mZ0ifopfusr;f 'kw, d wG/J rE aW v; 1935/ pm- 312?
(2) 'kAv
dk rf LS ;=uD; 0if;armif/ umuG,af &;0ef=uDXmerS xkwaf 0aom omoemha&mif0gxeG ;f apzk@d /
onf? ,if;wd@k ukd &d[
k if[ak c:aom &cdik jf ynfwiG f aexdik o f rl sm;jzpf &efuek /f 1997/ pm- 65?
16
pmrsuf E S m 30rS
tazESi fhorD;yl;aygi
aygiff;jyD; "g;jywkduf twGi;f jyKvkyrf nfh zDzm. tpnf;ta0;wGif enf;ynmqdik &f mrsm;
ukd taotcsmaqG;aEG;rnfjzpfa=umif; OuUÏqyfbvwWmu
vlowf/ rD;&_d@r_jzpfyGm; ajymonf?
xkd@tjyif t*FvefESifh*smreD/ tm*sifwD;em;ESifh ruUqD
udkwdk hyGJpOfwGif udkifwG,fcJh=uaom 'dkifvl}uD; 2OD;pvHk;udk quf
vuf tokH;jyKawmhrnfr[kwf[k od&onf?
csDbm;c&kdif &csdrwjrKd@e,fae v,form;=uD; emumrl
+yD;cJhonfh 2002ckESpf urBmhzvm;yGJwGifvnf; tdrf&Sif
&m tdut k dk 76ESpo f nf towfc&H jyD;/ tdrrf ;D &_@d ccH &hJ um/ aiGa=u;
awmifu&dk ;D ,m;ESihf tDwvDyw JG iG f vnf;aumif;/ uGmwm;zkid ef ,f
rsm;,laqmifoGm;jcif; cHcJh&ygonf? c&kdif&JrS vlowf"g;jywkdufr_
tqifhwGif awG@qkHonfh awmifukd&D;,m;ESifh pydefyGJwGifvnf;
jzifh wjrKd@e,fwnf;ae [d&Ek 4&ESpEf iS hf orD;jzpfol 15ESpu f dk zrf;
aumif ; 'k d i f v l } uD ; rsm;u rS m ;,G i f ; pG m qk H ; jzwf c J h o nf h t wG u f
qD;cJhygonf?
4if;toif;rsm; epfemcJh&zl;onf?
orD;jzpforl S "g;jywku d I
f &aomaiGtcsK@d udk olrvnf;ok;H
awmifu&dk ;D ,m;ESihf tDwvDyw JG iG f ukid wf ,G cf o hJ nfh 'kid v
f l
pGJcJha=umif; &JwGif0efcHcJhygonf? w&m;cH [d&Ekdonf tr_ukdusK;
}uD; O&ka*G;EkdifiHom;rkd&DEkdukd 'kdifvl}uD;tjzpfrS &moufyefxkwf
vGefjyD;aemufykdif; Xm;aeaomtdrfvcukd ay;oGif;cJhjcif;/ avmif;
y,fcJhonf?
upm;qkid rf sm;ESihf bm;uvyfrsm;ok@d oGm;cJah =umif; &Jppfcsut f &
od&ygonf? olonftvkyv f ufrhJ wpfO;D jzpfygonf? &Jppfcsut f &
w&m;cH [d&EkEd iS o hf rD;jzpfoo l nf arv 11&ufae@ reuf 6em&D
50rdepfrS ae@vnf 2em&DtwGif; eumrl&.tdrfokd@ ckd;0ifum { T&kd[if*sm *sme,f }
orD;jzpforl S eumrl&tm; oHww k jf zifh acgi;f uk&d u
dk jf yD; tazjzpfol
rS "g;ESifhxkd;owfum tdrfwGif;&Sd aiG,ef;odef;aygif;rsm;pGm,l xkwfa0Ekdifa&;twGuf
aqmifum tdru f rdk ;D wif&@d_ cahJ =umif; od&&dS ygonf? *syef&rJ S tr_udk
w&m;&kH;wif w&m;pGJqkdygrnf? yHhykd;vSL'gef;olrsm;
r r r r
jrefrmEkdifiHom;&kd[if*smrsm;toif;(*syef) (BRAJ),ef; 10000-
(3) uk;d (2) pm-65?
(4) Dr.SB Qanungo – A History of Chittagong, Vol.1, Chittagong, ukdwifa&T (c) ukdqefeD ,ef; 10000-
1998.p.111. udkausmfcif (aqmf'Dtma&;AD;,m;) (KSA) ,ef; 10000-
(5) JASB, XIII, culcutta, 1844.p.36.
ukad tmifEidk f ,ef; 10000-
(6) R.B Smart, Burma Gazetter (Akyab District) Vol.A. Rangoon 1975. ukpd ;dk 0if; ,ef; 5000-
P.19. ukjd rifo h ed ;f ,ef; 5000-
(7) OD;=unf(bDat/ &mZ0if*%
k x
f ;l / jrefrmh&mZ0ifrS odaumif;p&mrsm;/ pm-156?
(8) q&mcs,f/ ArmrGwfqvifwkd h. a&S ha[mif;twˆKy`wWd/ &efukef/ 1939/ pm-16 ukrd sKd;vGif ,ef; 2000-
(9) East Pakistan District Gazetter (Chittagong), Dacca.1970.P.111.
((10) Muahmmad Enamul Huq and Abdul Karim, Bengal Literature in þ&kd[if*sm *sme,ftm; rdrdwkd hacGs;ESJpmxJrS 0kdif;0ef;axmufyHhvSL'gef;Muaom
Arakanese court (1600- 1700 AD), Culcutta, 1935.P.49. apwem&Sirf sm;tm; txl;bJ aus;Zl;wif&ydS gonf/ tvSLaiGrsm;tm; wpfjym;wpf
(11) Muhammad Mohar Ali,History of the Muslim of Bengal,Vol-1
B,RIYADH, 1985.P.865. csyfrQtavtvGirhf &Sad pbJ *sme,fjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tusKd;&Spd mG tok;H jyKrnf
(12) wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkb0opf xlaxmifa&;ygwo D wif;v$m/ &efuek /f 1989/ pm -45? jzpfaMumif; *wdopömjyKygonf/
(13) uk;d / (4) pm- 326?
wHqyd af cgif;zd;k omykd hvu dk f tdrt f a&muf_zpfap&rnf?
(14) ,if;/ pm-325?
(15) JASBX, Culcutta 1941,P.881. &k[d if*sm *sme,fudk vpOfrmS ,l zwf&v kS ydk gu
(16) jrefrmEdik if o
H ak woetoif;*sme,f/ &efuek /f 1960/ pm-72 *syef_ynfwiG ;f wpfv ,ef; 200-
(17) &ckid jf ynfe,f jynfo@l aumifp/D &ckid jf ynfe,fjzpfpOforkid ;f yxrykid ;f / orkid ;f u%m/ ppfawG/
1984/ pm-90?
5vpm ,ef; 1000-
(18) Robertson’s Report dated, July 21, 1825 (secret onsultation (SC) w_cm;aomEkid if rH sm;rSvnf; 5vpm a':vm 10-
of the government of Bengal, preserved in the National Archives
of India, New Delhi, August 26, 1825. No.41) and also SC,June
9,1826, No.10)
[ pmwku
ykhd ay;ygu tdrt
d rf yS u dk q
f a&muf ykhd ay;ygrnf?
]
f yH hdk ay;ygu tajuGaphxnfhI ykhd vhdk r&yg?
17
'kuQonf avSsmufxm;r_ jrefrm

yi fv,fauG@ a&eH,kdxGufr_
'kwd, trsm;qHk;
jyefvnfxlaxmi fa&; orRw urBmay:rSm cdv k ckH iG ahf vSsmufxm;olawG trsm;qH;k [m
tmz&duwdkuf ZifbmabGEdkifiHom;awG jzpfw,fvdk@ ukvor*~
tkdbm;rm; uwday; 'kuQonf at*sifpDu ajym=um;vdkufygw,f? +yD;cJhwJhESpftwGif;
ZifbmabGEdkifiHom; 150000wdk@ cdkvH_cGifhavSsmufxm;cJh=u+yD;
trsm;pku tdrfeD;csif; awmiftmz&duEkdifiHrSm avSsmufxm;cJh
=uwmjzpfw,fvdk@ 'DtywfxkwfjyefwJh 'kuQonfat*sifpD tpD
&ifcHpmrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
ruUqDudk yifv,fauG@rSm a&eHpdrf;awGtrsm;}uD;,dk 'kuQonftrsm;pk 'kwd,trsm;qHk;uawmh jrefrmEdkifiH
xGufaewmeJ@ywfouf+yD; tar&dueforRw b&ufcftkdbm;rm; om;awGjzpf=u+yD; +yD;cJw h EhJ pS t
f wGi;f 48000ausmf avSsmufxm;cJh
(Barack Obama)u &kyfjrifoH=um;uwqihf wEkdifiHvHk;udk w,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? aemuftrsm;tjym; avSsmufxm;=uolawG
rdef@cGef;ajym=um;ygw,f? uawmh tmz*efepfpwef/ udkvHbD,m/ tD&pfx&D;,m;/ tDoD
a&eHpdrf;,dkxGufaewmu 57&ufajrmuf&SdvmcJh+yD jzpfyg ,dk;yD;,m;eJ@ qdkrm;vD;,m;EkdifiHom;awG jzpf=uygw,f?
w,f? +yD;cJhwJh q,fpkESpftwGif; ZifbmabGEdkifiHrSm EdkifiHa&;
ckvdkteufrSm 'Davmuf twkdif;twmtxd ,dkxGuf rwnf+idrrf /_ pD;yGm;a&; qkw, f w k rf a_ wGa=umifh vlaygi;f 2oef;u
aewm b,fwek ;f urS r&Scd b hJ ;l a=umif;/ 'gukd &yfEidk af tmif }udK;pm; 3oef;txd awmiftmz&duudk xGufajy;cJh=uygw,f? tcktcg
aewm[m vlom;&J@enf;ynm tuef@towfudk prf;oyfae nDnw G af &; tpd;k &zG@J pnf;t+yD; jyKjyifa&;awG vkyaf qmifaew,f
wmyJ jzpfwt hJ a=umif; tdrjf zLawmf ol@&;kH cef;uae yxrqH;k ajym qdkayrJh tajctae,dkifeJ@+yD; tem*wftwGuf pdk;&drfp&mjzpfae
=um;wJh rdef@cGef;rSm rpPwmtkdbm;rm;u ajymygw,f? ygw,f?
ypPn;f awGe@J enf;ynmudk xyfaqmif;jznhzf @kd ol@&@J tpk;d
&tzGJ@u 'D,dkxGufaewmudk ydwfaewJh BPukr`%D}uD;udk !$ef pmrsuf E S m 10rS
=um;cJw h ,fv@kd olu ajymygw,f? ,dx k uG af ewJh a&eHprd ;f 9&mckid f ud k , f y g taumif t xnf a zmf a qmif & G u f c J h o nf ? 1924ES i f h
E_e;f udk zrf;,lEidk af tmif }udK;pm;oihw f ,fv@kd oluqkyd gw,f? }udK; 1928tdkvHypf +ydKifyGJrsm;wGif O&ka*G;toif; AdkvfpGJcJh+yD;aemuf
pm;aewmawGa=umihf ,dx k u G af ewm vH;k 0&yfomG ;Ekid v f rd hf r,fv@kd 1930 urBmzh vm; +ydKifyu JG kd O&ka*G;Edik if YH usi;f y&ef pDpOfco hJ nf?
arSsmfvifhxm;ayrJh &ufowWaygif;rsm;pGm=umwJhwdkif 'Dtvkyfu *sL;&Drufonf O&ka*G; tpd;k &ESihf wkid yf if+yD;aemuf yxrqH;k urBmh
+yD;Ekdifzdk@ rarSsmfvifhEkdifbl;vdk@ olu qdkygw,f? zvm;+ydKifyGJudk usif;y &efpDpOfcJhaomfvnf; tcuftcJrsm;pGmudk
'D,kdxGufaer_[m tar&duefEkdifiHu &ifqkdifae&wJh t &ifqdkifcJh&onf? tDw vDEdkifiHtm; trnfpm&if;xnfhoGif;jcif;
xJrSm tqdk;qHk;ywf0ef;usif ab;tE W&m,fyJjzpfw,fvdk@ rpPwm rauseyfjcif;a=umifh Oa&mytoif;rsm;jzpfonfh a[mfvefESifh
tdb k m;rm;u ajymygw,f? 'ga=umihf jzpfay:vmwJh oufa&mufr_ qGD'ifwdk@u +ydKifyGJrSEkwfxGufoGm;cJhonf? +Adwdeftoif;rsm;u
awGukd Ekid if u H ajz&Si;f &rSm vaygi;f rsm;pGm 'grrS [kwf ESpaf ygi;f rsm; vnf; zDzmESifhtqifr ajyI EkwfxGufoGm;cJh&m *sL;&Drufonf
pGmawmif =umEkdifw,fvdk@ oluqkdygw,f? Oa&myrS b,fv*f s, D /H &kad r;eD;,m;/ ,l*q kd vm;AD;,m;/ jyifopft
,dkxGufaewJh a&eHawG qufrjyef@atmifeJ@ &Sif;vif;Ekdif oif;rsm;udk qGJaqmif pnf;&Hk;I awmiftar&durS (7)oif;/
atmif vlaygi;f 30000 eD;eD;eJ@ oabFmpif;a& axmifcs+D yD; jynf ajrmuf t ar&d u rS (2)oif ; yg0if a om urB m h z vm;+yd K if y G J u d k
e,f 4ckrSm vkyfudkifae=uygw,fvdk@ oluajymoGm;ygw,f? usi;f yEdik &f ef }udK;yrf;tm; xkwcf o hJ nf? ,if;uJo h @kd Oa&mytoif;
ruUqu D kd yifv,fauG@e@J jynfoal wG a=uuGzJ , G f 'Dtjzpf tawmfrsm;rsm; EkwfxGufoGm;+yD;aemuf b&mZD;vfwpfoif;
uae jyefxlaxmifvmEdkifatmif ulnDzdk@twGufvkdtyfwm wnf;om urBmzh vm;+ydKifyYJG t}udrw f ikd ;f ,SO+f ydKifcahJ om toif;
rSeforSs tpdk;&uvkyfr,fvdk@ oluqdkygw,f? tjzpfrSwfwrf;0ifcJh+yD; aemifwpfcsdefwGif ordkif;rSwfwrf;jzpf
vmcJhonf?
18
pmrsuf E S m 6rS
a':atmi fqef;pk=unfESi fha&S@ae=um; ckdif;r_ rjyKEkdifatmif AGD'D,dkuifr&mrSwfwrf;wif oGm;rnfvkd@

qkyd gonf? ZGev f 18&ufae@ w&m;a&;0ef=uD;Xme &J@a=unmcsuf
wjcm; ta=umi f;t&m rSm tr_awG&@J 75&mckid Ef e_ ;f u ,Ofwu dk rf a_ wG omjzpfjyD;/ w&m;&k;H

wif&avmufatmifjzpfcJhwJh ,Ofwkdufr_u 6&mckdifE_ef;bJ&SdwJh
twGuf txl;wvnf AG'D , D u
dk ifr&mwyfqifz@dk rvkad o;zl;vk@d qdk
raqG;aEG;&ef owday; ygonf?
AGD'D,dkuifr&mrSwfwrf;a=umifh ,m*lZmrmzD;,m;awG&J@
vufpm;acsr_awG &SdvmEkdifjyD;/ pdwfa0'em&Sdol w&m;cHawG[m
&J&J@pum;twkdif;vkdufemjyD; 0efcHr_awGjyKoGm;rJhtvm;tvm &Sd
a':atmifqef;pk w,fvkd@qdkygonf? avhvmynmay;tpnf;ta0;ukd w&m;a&;
=unfukd ola&S@ae 0ef=uD;XmeESifhtwl EkdifiHawmfvkHjcKHa&;tzGJ@rsm;aygif;jyD; a&S@ESpfZGef
awG u aetd r f r S m vtxd ykHrSefpkHprf;avhvmr_awGjyKjyD; 2012ckESpfrSmw&m;Oya'
oGm;awG@wJh tcg tjzpfjyXmef;oifhroifhukd *syefv$wfawmfrSmwifjyjyD; qkH;jzwf
trS k u d p P y J a jymyg csuf &,lrnfjzpfygonf?
vd k @ tm%myd k i f
awG u a&S @ aeOD ;
^m%f0if;udk owd
ay;cJhw,fvdk@ OD; tm&SEkdi fiHom;rsm; cspf=unfa&;tz
&;tzGJG h (APFS)
^m%f0if;u bDbDpDudkajymygw,f? Asian People,s Friendship Society
jyD;cJhwJhtacguf awG@qkHpOfu a':atmifqef;pk=unfu *syefEidk if w
H iG f tvkyv
f yk af eaom/ ynmoif-um;aeaom
jynfoal wGtaeeJ@ rJay;ydik cf iG &hf o dS vdk rJray;yJ aeedik cf iG &hf w
dS ,fv@kd tm&SEidk if o H m;rsm;ukd tultnDay;aeaom tzGJ jh zpfyg
ajymcJyh gw,f? 'Dvakd jymcJw h mudk OD;^m%f0if;u rD', D mawGukd jyef onf?
ajymjycJhwmudk &nfnGSef;jyD; tm%mydkifwGau owday;wmyg?
ZGev f 25&ufae@u OD;^m%f0if; a':atmifqef;pk=unfe@J (1) tvkyform;jy\emrsm;ukd ajz&Sif;ay;jcif;?
awG@qw Hk thJ cg 'Dta=umif;udk ajymjyawmh a':atmifqef;pk=unf (2) jrKd he,f&kH;rsm;okd h oGm;a&muftultnDawmif;cHjcif;?
u 'Dvdkuef@owfcsufudk vufrcHedkifbl;vdk@ajymygw,f? (3) tjyeftvSef ,Ofaus;r_zvS,fjcif;?
olajymwmawG[m jynfou l kd Oya' todynmay;wm (4) EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;. ynma&; wkd;wufr_twGuf ppfwrf;
jzpfjyD; EkdifiHawmftaeeJ@awmif 'Dvdkjynfoludk today;wmawG aumuf,jl cif;?
vkyfay;oifhwJhta=umif;/ 'ga=umifh ol@taeeJ@ajymcGifh&Sda=umif;/ (5) usrf;rma&;udpPrsm; aqmif&Gufay;jcif;?
a&S@aeeJ@vJ bmudprP qdk vGwv f w
G v f yfvyf ajymcGi&hf adS =umif;/ b,f
ta=umif;udk rajym&bl;vdk@ uef@owfcsufOya't& vkyfcGifhr&Sd *syefEdkifiHa&muf EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;onf ADZm&Sdonfjzpfap/ r&Sd
a=umif;/ 'ga=umifh tckvu kd ef@owfrw kS aG [m w&m;r#wrSk r&Sv d @kd onf jzpfap tvkyfcGifwGif xdckduf'%f&m&jcif;/ vkyfcvpm
vufrcHedkifbl;vdk@ jyefajymcJhw,fvdk@ OD;^m%f0if;u qdkygw,f? r&jcif;/ ta=umif;rJh tvkyfxkwfcH&jcif;/ usrf;rma&;ESifh aq;
a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd aetdrt f us,cf sKyfcsxm;wmeJh ukop&dwfrsm; r&jcif;/ tjcm;epfema=u;/ av#mfa=u;rsm; r&
ywfoufjyD; txl;t,lcH0ifaewJhudpP/ aetdrfjyifqifr_eJ@ywf jcif;wkd u
h dk Oya'u|r;f usio f l a&S ah ersm;jzifh ulnaD y;aeyg onf?
oufjyD; tpfuOkd ;D atmifqef;OD;u uef@uu G x
f m;wJh tr_upd aP wG *syefvrl sK;d ESihf vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;jcif;/ w&m;r0ifaexkid o f rl sm;.
eJ@ a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk OD;^m%f0if;tygt0if ol@a&S@aeawG uav;rsm; ynmoif = um;a&;twG u f ul n D j cif ; / paom
u oGm;a&mufawG@qkHavh&Sdygw,f? vlr_a&; udpPrsm;vnf; aqmif&Gufay;aeygonf?
'DvdkawG@qkHwJh tcgawGrSm a':atmifqef;pk=unfu yg APFS Labour Union
wDupd /P edik if aH &; udpaP wGuv kd nf; a&S@aewGe@J ajymqdak vh&ydS gw,f? 26-9 Oyama Higashi-Cho, Itabashi-Ku,Tokyo.
Tel/ Fax: 03-3964-7740 (or) 090-9374-0126(Yamaguchi)
19
rif'Jvm;zefwD;wJhurBm
(odk@r[kwf)
awmiftmz&du
awmiftmz&duEdik if oH nf tmz&duwduk .f awmif
buftpGe;f qH;k ae&mwGif wnf&+dS yD; taemufbufwiG f twWvef
wdwo f rk'&N m/ awmifbufEiS hf ta&S@bufwiG f tdE, dN ork'&N mESihf
xdpyfvsuf&Sdonf? tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;taejzifh taemufajrmuf
bufwiG f erD;bD;,m;/ ZifbmabGEiS hf ajrmufbufwiG f abmhqmG
em/ rdkZrfbpf/ ta&S@ajrmufbufwGif qGmZDvefEdkifiHwdk@ &Sdonf?
vDqo kd Ekd ikd if o
H nf {&d,me,ferd w d w
f pfcv k ;kH awmiftmz&duEdik if H
S
twGif;vHk;vHk;usa&mufae+yD; awmiftmz&duEdkifiH. ta&S@
awmifbuftydik ;f wGif wnf&o dS nf? Edik if .
H (79 23)&mcdik Ef e_ ;f rSm
vlrnf;/ (9 21)&mcdkifE_ef;rSm vljzL/ (2)&mcdkifE_ef;rSm tm &SEG,f
awmiftmz&duESi hf abmvH;k avmu
pe
zGm;rsm;ESifh usef(9)&mcdkifE_ef;rSm vlrsKd;aygif;pHkwdk@ pkzGJ@xm;jcif;jzpf
onf? wkdif;jynf.vlOD;a&rSm ukvor*~. 2009ckESpf pm&if;Z
,m;rsm;t& (51)oef;cef@&Sd+yD; wpfESpfysrf;rSs wpfOD;csif;0ifaiGrSm
awmiftmz&du abmvHk;avmuonf q,fpkESpft
enf;i,ftwGif; tjiif;yGm;p&m udpP&yfrsm;pGmudk ausmfjzwfum
cia
vuf&Sdwdkif;jynf. eHygwf(1) tm;upm;enf;tjzpf a&muf&SdcJh
a':vm (10243)cef@ &So d nf[k cef@reS ;f &onf? tmz&duwdu k .f
+yDjzpfonf? ,cifu awmiftmz&duESiw hf IJG vlord sm;onf u
tcsrf;omqHk;EdkifiHrsm;wGif wpfcktygt0ifjzpf+yD; *sKd[efeufpf
&yfbD/ c&pfuwf/ a*gufoD;ponfh tm;upm;enf;rsm;jzpf+yD;
bwf + rd K @rS m wd k i f ; jynf . t"d u pD ; yG m ;a&;+rd K @awmf jzpf o nf ?
abmvH;k onf 'kw, d wef;pm; tqifw h iG o f m&Scd o
hJ nf? ,cktcsed f
awmiftmz&duEdkifiH. abmvHk;avmuzGH@ +zdK;wdk;wufvmonf
wGiaf wmh abmvH;k onf tjcm;tm;upm;enf;tm;vH;k udk ausmf
ckEpS u
l
rSm (10)pkESpfESpfpkeD;yg;om&Sdao;+yD; tcsdefwdktwGif; wpf[kefxdk;
wdk;wufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? urBmhabmvHk;pifjrifhxufodk@ 1992
f rS wpfausmjh yef ajccscjhJ cif;jzpf+yD; ,cktcsed w
ajrmufurBmhzvm;+ydKifyGJudk tdrf&Siftjzpf vufcHusif;yrnfh EdkifiH
tjzpf &yfwnfaeEdkif+yDjzpfonf? tcsdefwdktwGif; vlrsdK;a&;cGJjcm;
r_jyif;xefonfh/qif;&Jedrfhusonfh/ urBmhabmvHk;rsufESm pmxuf
f iG f (19)}udrf
um eHygwf (1)tm;upm;enf;tjzpf &yfwnfae+yDjzpfonf?
vuf&Sd awmiftmz&duwGif rSwfyHkwif abmvHk;orm;OD;a&u
(128)oef;ausm&f o dS nf? awmiftmz&duEdik if w
trsm;qHk;tm;upm;enf;u abmvHk;jzpf+yD; wpfywfxufwpf
H iG f &kyo
ywf =unfh&_olOD;a& wdk;wufvsuf&Sdonf? awmiftmz&duEdkifiH

abmvH;k tzG@J csKyfqo
f =H unf&h r_ _
kd nfh trnfjzifh abmvH;k tzG@J csKyf wnfaxmif

wGif ty,fcx H m;&onfh Edik if w H pfctk jzpfrS ,ckvkd taetxm;
onfu 1992ckESpfrSjzpfonf? ,if;twGufa=umifh wdkif;jynf.
rsdK;a&mufvmatmif awmiftmz&duEdkifiH rnfuJhodk@}udK;yrf;cJhyg
aemuftusqHk; tm;upm;tzGJ@csKyfrsm;wGif yg0ifaomfvnf; t
oenf;? tmz&duwdu k .f tcsr;f omqH;k Edik if w H pfck jzpfvmatmif
csdefwdktwGif; wpf[kefxdk; atmifjrifvmcJhjcif;u tHhtm;oifh
rif'Jvm;tygt0if awmiftmz&dujynfolrsm; rnfuJhodk@}udK;
p&m[k qd&k rnfjzpfonf? od@k &mwGiaf bmvH;k ESihf awmiftmz&du
yrf;wnfaqmufcJh =uygoenf;? ,if;.tajzonf usefzGH@+zdK;qJ
pwif&if;ESD;uGsrf;0ifonfh tcsdefuawmh ESpf(100)ausmf&Sd+yDjzpf
Edik if rH sm;twGuv f nf; wefz;kd &So d nfh &v'fwpfcjk zpf+yD; awmiftm
onf? awmiftmz&duEdkifiHodk@ abmvHk;tm;upm;enf; pwif
z&duEdkifiHonf usefzGH@+zdK;qJEdkifiHrsm;. twk,lp&m yHk&dyfwpfck
a&muf&o dS nfu 19&mpkaESmif;ydik ;f uwnf;ujzpf+yD; t*Fvyd v f rl sKd ;
tjzpf &Sdaernf[k qdk&rnfjzpfonf?
tvkyform;rsm;u rdwfqufay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? 1892ckESpfwGif
20
awmif t mz&d u vl j zLabmvH k ; tzG J @ csKyf (FASA)ud k wnf awmiftmz&duabmvHk;tzJG@csKyf (SAFA)ud k z J G @ pnf ; wnf
axmif c J h + yD ; 1903ck E S p f w G i f awmif t mz&d u -td E N d , trsd K ; axmifcJhonf? ,if;ESpfrSm (1991)ckESpf jzpf+yD; abmvHk;tzJG@csKyf
om;rsm;abmvHk;tzGJ@csKyf (SAIFA)/ 1933ckESpfwGif awmif opfudk zDzmuvnf; todtrSwfjyKum ydwfyifxm;jcif;udk jyef
tmz&du befwrl sKd ; EG,af bmvH;k tzG@J csKyf (SABFA)ESifh 1936 vnfy,fzsufay;cJhonf? EkdifiHwumabmvHk;ZmwfcHkESifh umv
ckESpfwGif awmiftmz&duvlrsdK;pHkabmvHk;tzGJ@csKyf (SACFA) twef=um tvSrf;uGma0;aeonfh awmiftmz&duabmvHk;
wdk@udk wnfaxmifcJhonf? odk@&mwGif zDzm. w&m;0iftodt tzJG@csKyftwGuf t&m&mwkdif;onf topfjzpfaecJh+yD; tm;vHk;
rSwfjyKtzGJ@tpnf;tjzpf&Sdonfuawmh awmiftmz&duvljzL udktpujyefpcJh&onf? ,if;twGufa=umifhvnf; awmiftm
abmvHk;tzGJ@csKyf (FASA)yifjzpfonf? FASAonf zDzm z&duEkdifiH. abmvHk;ordkif;a=umif; tprSm 1991ckESpfjzpfonf
tzGJ@0iftjzpf 1910ckESpfwGif 0ifa&mufcGifh&&Sdjcif; jzpfonf? [k EkdifiHwumrD'D,mrsm;u azmfjycJh=ujcif;jzpfonf? 1994ckESpf
1924ckESpfwGif yxrqHk; EdkifiHwumyGJtjzpf a[mf vefESifhu wGif urBmhzvm;ajcppfyJGudk wpfausmhjyef0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh
pm;cJ+h yD; tjcm; Oa&myEdik if rH sm;ESiv hf nf; qufwu kd f upm;cJo h nf? aomfvnf; ajcppfyrGJ atmifc?hJ od@k &mwGif 1996 ckEpS w f iG rf l tm
1906ckESpfu wnf;u tm*sifwD;em;ESifh AsLEdkat&dpf+rdK@wGif z&duzvm;+ydKifyu GJ kd tdr&f iS tf jzpf vufcu H si;f ycGi&hf &Scd +hJ yD; ,if;+ydKif
ajcprf;cJhzl;aomfvnf; w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKyGJ pOfr[kwfojzifh yJGY AdkvfvkyJGwGifwleD;&Sm;toif;udk(2-0) *dk;jzifhEdkifum tEdkif&
rSwfwrf;r 0ifcJh acs? AdkvfpJGcJh+yD; urBmhabmvHk; rsufESmpmxufwGif oduQm&Sd&Sd&yfwnf
l
1956ckESpfwGif awmiftm EdkifcJhonf? 1993ckESpfu urBmhtqifh(109)wGif&SdcJh&mrS (3)ESpft
z&d u jynf w G i f ; vd * f + yd K if y G J u d k =umjzpfonfh 1996=o*kwv f wGif urBmt h qif(h 16) txd a&muf
wGiW
ci
f hite League [kowf
a
pwif u sif ; ycJ h o nf ? od k @ &m
rSwfcJh+yD; vljzLrsm;jzifhzGJ@pnf;
xm;onfh abmvHk;toif;rsm;
&SdcJh+yD; xm0&taumif;qHk;urBmh tqifh&yfwnfr_vnf; jzpfcJh
onf? 1997ckEpS w f iG f urBmx h yd o
f ;D abmvH;k toif;rsm; jzpfonfh
t*Fvef/ a[mfvef/ jyifopf/ *smreD/ b&mZD;vf ponfEh ikd if rH sm;ESihf
ajcprf ; upm;cJ h o nf ? 1998 jyif o pf u rB m h z vm;+yd K if y J G wG i f
pe
om upm;cGifh&cJhonf? aemuf
ydkif;wGif y&dowfOD;a&enf;yg;
vGef;jcif;ESifh avSmifajymifa0
zefr_rsm;cHae&jcif;a=umifh wdkif;
yxrqHk;t}udrftjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcGifh &&SdcJhonf? 2002
urBmhzvm; +ydKifyGJwGifvnf; ajcppfyGJatmifjrifcJh+yD; 2006urBmhz
vm;+ydKifyGJwGifrlajc ppfyGJatmifjrifjcif;r&SdcJhacs?
tzGJ@csKyfonf tmz&duabmvHk;tzGJ@csKyfudk pwifwnfaxmif

onfh EdkifiHrsm;wGifvnf; wpfcktygt0if jzpfcJhonf? odk@&mwGif
wpfESpft=umYyif awmiftmz&duEdkifiHonf tmz&duzvm;
+ydKify0GJ ifciG yhf w
S
&if;om;vlrnf;rsm;udkyg upm;
cGifhjyKcJh&onf? vljzLabmvHk;
d yf if cHc&hJ onf? vljzLrsm;csn;f om +ydKify0JG ifrnft h pD

awmiftmz&duEdi
k i
f o
H rdi
k ;f a=umif;
awmiftmz&du abmvH;k avmuESihf ,SOw
awmiftmz&du. EdkifiHa&;tajctaejzpf+yD; awmiftmz&du.
EdkifiHa&;tajctaeESifh ,SOfwGJaeonfuvnf; e,fvfqifrif'J
vm;jzpfonf? awmiftmz&duEdik if w
f jJG rif&rnfu
H iG f yxrqH;k tajc csaexdik f

tpOfudkvufrcHojzifh CAFu ydwfyifwm;qD;cJhjcif;vnf;jzpf olrsm;rSm tmz&duEG,f qefrsdK;EG,fpk0ifrsm;jzpf+yD; befwlpum;
onf? CAFuJhodk@yif urBmhabmvHk;tzJG@csKyf(zDzm)uvnf; ajym (tmz&duwGif befwlpum;ajym EdkifiHtajrmuftjrm;&Sd
1961ckESpfwGif awmiftmz&duEdkifiHudk EdkifiHwum+ydKifyJGrsm; 0if onf) rsdK;EG,fpkwpfckjzpfonf? 1480jynfhvGefESpfrsm;u ay:wl
a&muf,OS +f ydKifciG rhf S ydwyf ifco hJ nf? vlrsKd ;pHjk zif0h ifa&muf,OS +f ydKifyg *DvlrsdK;bm odkvdkrl'dkif,ufpfonf tmz&duawmifydkif;odk@ yx
u ydwfyifjcif;udk &kyfodrf;rnf[k urf;vSrf;cJhaomfvnf; vufr rqHk; a&muf&SdcJh+yD; 1497wGif Ampukd'*g;rm;/ 1652wGif a[mf
cHojzifh 1964ckESpfwGifrl EkdifiHwum+ydKifyJGrsm; 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKif vefEikd if o
H m; ,efAef&bD cd wf @kd vnf; a&muf&cdS o hJ nf? Aef&b D cd o
f nf
cGifhudk vHk;0ydwfyifcJhonf? ,if;aemufydkif;umvrsm;rSm awmif 'wfcsfta&S@tdENd,ukr`%D. aps;uGufcsJ@xGifr_tjzpf awmiftm
tmz&d u abmvH k ; avmutwG u f tarS m if z H k ; onf h u mv z&duod@k a&muf&v dS mcJjh cif;jzpf+yD; awmiftmz&duudk udv k ekd jD yKcJh
rsm;vnf; jzpfcJhonf? onf? 1795wGif a[mfvefxHrS +AdwdoSswdk@odrf;ydkufcJh+yD; 1803
1990ckESpfwGif EdkifiHa&;tajctae tajymif;tvJESifht wGif a[mfvefu jyefvnford ;f ydu k o
f nf? ,if;aemuf 1806wGif
wl abmvHk;avmurSmvnf; tajymif;tvJ tenf;i,f&SdvmcJh +AdwdefvufwGif;odk@ jyefvnfusa&mufcJhjyefonf? aemufydkif;t
onf? awmiftmz&du abmvHk;avmurS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf csdefrsm;rSpI +AdwdoSswdk@utpOftquf udkvdkeDjyKcJh=uonf? 19
nd‡Ed_if;aqG;aEG;r_rsm; jyKvkyfcJh+yD;aemuf vlrsdK;aygif;pHkyg0ifonfh &mpkaESmif;ydkif;wGif Anglo - Boer[k trnfwGifonfhawmf
21
vSefa&;wpf&yfjzpfyGm;cJ?+yD; t*Fvdyfwdk@udk pwifawmfvSefcJhonf? urBmhzvm;jydKifyt
JG r
d &
f i
S f
'kw, d Anglo - Boer wdu k yf w
JG iG f +Adwo d sS w@kd ta&;edrchf +hJ yD;
aemuf 1910ckESpfwGif +AdwdoSsvufatmufrS udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyf
2000ckESpfwGifawmh urBmhzvm;+ydKifyJGudk tdrf&Siftjzpf
cGi&hf a'otjzpf awmiftmz&duEdik if u H kd vGwv f yfa&;ay;cJ&h onf?
vufcHusif;ycGifh&&ef yxrqHk;avSsmufxm;cJhonf? *smreD/ t*F
odk@&mwGif awmiftmz&duEdkifiHwGif vlrsdK;a&;cGJjcm;r_rsm;rSm wGif
vef/ b&mZD;vf/ armf&dkudkwdk@ESif? t+ydKif}udK;yrf;cJh+yD; b&mZD;vf
us,faeqJjzpf+yD; vljzLrsm;ESifha'ocH vlrnf;rsm;t=um; pD;yGm;
EdkifiHrSmrl aemufydkif;wGif EkwfxGufoGm;cJhonf? armf&dkudkESifht*F
a&;/ vlra_ &;tajctaersm;wGif tqift h wef;rSm tvGet f vSr;f
vefwdk@uvnf; yxrtqifhrSmyif usef&pfcJh+yD; aemufqHk;wGif
uGmaeqJjzpfonf? 1948ckESpfwGifrl Apartheid Lawudk jy
*smreDESifht+ydKifvkcJh&onf? okd@&mwGif aemufqHk;rJay;r_Y (12-
Xmef;cJh+yD; tpdk;&onf wdkif;jynftwGif; vlwef;pm; (3)rsdK;cGJjcm;
11)rJjzifh yGwfumoDum&_H;edrfhum
um 4if;wd@k .&yfwnfrE_ iS hf
*smreDutdrf&Siftjzpf usif;ycGifh
tqift h wef;rsm;udv k nf;
&&S d c J h a wmh o nf ? 2010urB m h z
wpfckcsif; pDcGJjcm;jyXmef;
vm;+ydKifyJGwGifrl zDzm.Oya'opf
cJo
h nf? vljzLrsm;onf t
t& tmz&duEdik if rH sm;u vufcH
cG i f h x l ; cH v l w ef ; pm; jzpf
usif;ycGifh&rnfjzpf+yD; tdrf &Sift
vm+yD; Coloured[kac:
jzpf avSsmufxm;cJjh yefonf? ,ck
onfh taoG;pHv k w l ef;pm;
wpf } ud r f w G i f r l tmz&d u rS t if
u 'kwd,wef;pm;ESifh vl
tm;}uD;Edik if w H pfcjk zpfonfh armf&kd
rnf;rsm;rSmrl tedrfhyg;qHk;
udkudktEdkif,lum tdrf&Siftjzpf
tajctaeESifh &ifqdkifcJh&
usif;ycGifh&&SdoGm;cJhonf?
onf? tESdrfcHypPnf;rJhvl
urBmzh vm;+ydKifyu GJ ohJ @kd abm
S
wef;pm;vlrnf;rsm; ud, k f
vHk;avmu. t&Sdeft0g t}uD;qHk;+ydKifyJGwpfckudk tdrf&Siftjzpf
pm;wdu k yf 0JG if&mrS e,fvq f ifrif'vJ m;qdo k rl mS xif&mS ;vmcJo h nf?
vufcu H si;f ycGi&hf &S&d efrmS vG,u
f ol nfu h pd aP wmh r[kw?f Edik if aH &;/
odk@&mwGif 1964ckESpfwGif rif'Jvm;tzrf;cHcJh&+yD; 4if;.aemuf
pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &; bufaygi;f pHrk zS @G +H zdK; wk;d wuf+yD;wnf +idrrf &_ &dS rnfh
vdkufaemufygrsm;u vlrnf;rsm;twGuf vl@tcGifhta&;wdkufyGJ
rsm; qufvufqifE$JcJh=uonf? 1990wGifrif'Jvm; axmifrS
pe
vGwfvmcJh+yD; EdkifiHa&;tajctae tajymif;tvJjzpf ay:cJhonf?
xdktcsdefu awmiftmz&duorRw'Duvyfonf rif'Jvm;ESifh
tjyif tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm;/ vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;ESifh t
jcm;tajccH vdktyfcsufrsm;rSmvnf; trsdK;trnf pHkvifvSay
onf?
axGa&G;aumufyGJjyKvkyfcJhonf? rif'Jvm;. ANCygwDonf

cia
awG@qHkaqG;aEG;cJh+yD; 1994wGif vlrsdK;aygif;pHkyg0ifonfh taxG
pkpkaygif;rJta&twGuf. (60&mckdifE_ef;)&&Sdum EdkifiHordkif;Y

yxrqHk;vlrnf;orRw jzpfvmcJhonf? ESpf(20)=uma0;uGmae
awmiftmz&duEdkifiH. tcuftcJrsm;uvnf; ajymr
qHk;Edkifatmif rsm;jym;vSonf? r&Sdrjzpfta&;ygonfh abmvHk;
uGi;f rsm; wnfaqmufjcif;ESihf jyKjyifxed ;f odr;f a&;vkyif ef;rsm;wGif
aqmuf v k y f a &;tvk y f o rm;rsm;u vk y f c vpmaiG e nf ; yg;r_
l
a=umifh qENjyoydwfarSmufcJh=u+yD; tcsdefrD+yD;pD;&ef tcuftcJ
onfh ukvor*~taxGaxG nDvmcHodk@ wufa&mufcGifh&onfh
rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifcJh&onf? ,if;tajctaetwGuf EdkifiHwumrSzd
EdkifiHvnf;jzpfvmcJhonf? rif'Jvm;onf EdkifiHa&;wGifomru
tm;ay;cJh=u+yD; zDzmrSwm0ef&Sdolrsm;udk,fwdkif vma&mufppf
tm;upm;avmuwGifyg awmiftmz&duEdkifiHudk a&S@wef;a&muf
aq;cJh&onf? zDzmonf 2010urBmhzvm;+ydKifyGJ tdrf&Sifae&m
atmif }ud K ;pm;wnf a qmuf c J h o nf ? tcuf t cJ r sd K ;pH k = um;rS
twGuf awmiftmz&du rusif;yEdkifcJhygutoifh usif;yrnfh
1995&yfbD urBmhzvm;+ydKifyJGudk tdrf&Siftjzpf vufcHusif;ycGifh&
Edik if H (plan B)udyk if a&G;cs,x f m;+yD; jzpfonf[v k nf; owif;
&ef tonf;toef }udK;yrf;cJh+yD;/ aemufqHk;wGif usif;ycGifh&&SdcJh
rsm; xGufay:cJhonf? aemufqHk;wGif zDzmu urBmhzvm;tdrf&Sif
onf? ,if;+ydKifyJGYyif awmiftmz&duEdkifiHu AdkvfpJGcJh+yD; urBmh
ae&mtwGuf plan Br&Sad =umif;ESihf &Scd v hJ sS iv
f nf; awmiftm
tm;upm;avmuwGif awmiftmz&duwd@k a&S@wef;od@k jyefvnf
z&duyifjzpfa=umif; xkwjf yefa=unmcJ&h onf? xd@k jyifawmif tm
a&muf&SdvmcJhonf? &yfbDtm;upm;enf;. atmifjrifr_rStp
z&duEdkifiHtwGuf aemufxyfxdk;ESufcsufrSm &mZ0wfr_xlajym
jyK+yD; abmvHk;tygt0if tjcm;tm;upm;enf;rsm;uvnf;
jcif;yifjzpfonf? awmiftmz&duEdik if o H nf wpfae@vsS iv f o l wfr_
atmifjrifr_rsm;&&Sdatmif pGrf;aqmifEdkifcJh=uonf?
(50)jzpfymG ;ae+yD; ,if;tajctaerSm urBmay:wGif tqd;k &Gm;qH;k
22
EdkifiHrsm;Y yg0ifaeonf[k rD'D,mrsm;uazmfjycJh=uonf? xdk@t
wl urBmhzvm;+ydKifyGJusif;yrnfh tcsdefwGif awmiftmz&duEdkifiH
tay: ypfrSwfxm;um t=urf;zufazmufcGJr_rsm; jyKvkyfoGm;
rnfqo kd nfh +cdr;f ajcmufrr_ sm;vnf; &Sad eonf? od@k &mwGif awmif
nv,fpmpm;&i f
tmz&du tpd;k &wm0ef&o dS rl sm;url vH+k cHKa&;ESihf ywfoufI rnf
onfh jy\emwpfpHkwpf&mrS ay:aygufvmjcif;r&Sdatmif rdrdwdk@
}udK;yrf;oGm;rnf[k uwdjyKcJh=uonf? tjcm;aom tcuftcJ
oGm;ysufpD;Ekdfi f
rsKd ;pHv
k nf; &Sad eao;onf? vrf;yef;qufo, G af &;/ rD',D mzG@H +zdK;wd;k
wufr/_ vSsypf pfr;D &&Srd _ tajctaewd@k Yyif pdeaf c:r_rsm;ESihf &ifqikd f
ae&qJjzpf+yD; ,if;tajctaersm;udak wmif tmz&duEdik if H tae
jzifh rnfuJhodk@aom tm;rmefrsdK;jzifh ausmfjzwfEdkifrnfenf;qdk
onfh ar;cGef;rsm;vnf;&Sd
ae=uonf?
odk@&mwGif awmif
tmz&duEdkifiHESifh awmif
tmz&du jynfow l @kd onf
vG,fvG,fESifhvufavSsmh
t&_ H ; ay;wwf o l r sm;r
[k w f q d k o nf h t csuf u d k
t}ud r f } ud r f ouf a o
jycJh+yD;+yDjzpfonf? wdkif; nv,fpmpm;jcif;[m oGm;awGudk qdk;&Gm;pGmxdcdkuf
jynftwGif; tm;upm; apa=umif; u|r;f usio f al wGu owday;ygw,f? nbufrmS oGm;
avmu/ abmvHk;avm &nfajcmufaoG@ygw,f? oGm;&nf[m yg;pyfxJupm;=uGif;pm;
u wpfzefjyefvnfarG; useaf wGukd z,f&mS ;&Si;f jyxm;ygw,f? tar&duefrS vkyaf zmfuikd f
zGm;onfh 1991ckESpfrS (5)ESpft=umwGif urBmhabmvHk;tqifh&yf zufawGeJ@ udkyifa[*if wuUodkvfrStzGJ@[m 'def;rwfjynfol
wnfrw _ iG f tqifh (16)ae&ma&mufatmif pGr;f aqmifEikd cf o hJ nf? 2217OD ; &J @ aq;rS w f w rf ; ud k ppf a q;cJ h y gw,f ? tJ ' D t xJ u
tmz&duzvm;+ydKifyGJudk tdrf&Siftjzpf vufcHusif;ycJh+yD; csefyD,H &Spf&mcdkifE_ef;[m ae@pOf u,fvdk&DxJu av;yHkwpfyHkeJ@txufudk
jzpfcJhonf? aemufxyf (2)ESpft=umwGif urBmhzvm;ajcppfyGJ npmpm;+yD;rS xyfpm;a=umif;/ 'grSr[kwf wpfywfrSmESpf}udrf
atmif j rif c J h o nf ? 2002ck E S p f w G i f urB m h a bmvH k ; Zmwf c H k Y avmuf nOfeh ufoef;acgirf mS oa&pmpm;a=umif; awG@&ygw,f?
xif&Sm;onfhEdkifiHwpfcktjzpf a&muf&Sdae+yDjzpf+yD; 2006ckESpfu ajcmufESpf=um+yD;aemuf yg0ifoltm;vHk; bmjzpfcJhw,f qdkwm
wnf;u urBmhzvm;tdrf&Siftjzpf vufcHusif;ycGifh&vkeD;yg;jzpf okawoDawGu =unf&h w l t
hJ cg odomwJjh zpf&yfwpf&yf xGuv f m
cJzh ;l onf? ,if;aemuf urBmzh vm; tdr&f iS q f kd onfah rSsmvf ifch suu f kd ygw,f? touft&G,f aq;vdyfaomufr_eJ@ / o=um;/ umbkd
2010ckESpfwGif t+yD;owfwnfaqmufEdkifcJhonf? abmvHk;tzGJ@ [dkuf'&dkuf pm;oHk;r_pwJh tcsufawGudk xnfhoGif;pOfpm;wm
csKyfopf wnfaxmifonfhtcsdefu ESpf (20)yifr&Sdao;? odk@&m awmifrS nv,fpmpm;olawG[m oGm;ygq;kH &_=H ua=umif; awG@&yg
wGifatmifjrifr_twGuf oGm;aeonfht&Sdefu jrefqefvGef;onf? w,f? +AdwdoSsoGm;buftzGJ@tpnf;rS ody`Henf;usqdkif&m t}uH
xdo k nfuyif awmiftmz&duEdik if . H ZG/J owdEW iS phf w d "f mwfjyif;jyr_ ay; ya&mfzufqm 'grD,ef0rfpavu “yg;pyftajcmufaoG@qHk;
udk azmfjyaejcif;jzpfonf? jzpfae+yD; pm;orSstpmyg;pyfxJrSm t=um}uD;&SdaecsdefjzpfwJh n
ordkif;wpfavSsmuf ,Ofaus;r_edrfhyg;cJhonfh EdkifiH/ vlrsdK; bufrmS tpmpm;wm[m o=um;"gw/f tufppf"gwyf gwhJ tpm;
a&;cGJjcm;r_}uD;rm;jyif;xef+yD; EdkifiHwum. ty,fcHwpfckjzpfcJh taomufawGeJ@ tzsufpGrf;tm;udk yHhydk;ay;ygw,f? ysuf pD;r_
onfhEdkifiH/ vljzLESifhvlrnf;wdk@t=um; }uD;rm;onfh t+idK;taw; enf;zdk@ zvdk&dkufygwJh oGm;wdkufaq;eJ@ wpfae@ESpf}udrf wdkufzdk@
rsm;&SdcJh+yD; qif;&Jcsrf;om uGm[csuf}uD;rm;vGef;onfh EdkifiHp ta&;}uD;w,f/ nbuf oGm;wdu k w
f t hJ cg tdy&f m0ifcge;D rS wdu
k &f
onfh tqdk;w&m;rsm;pGmudkausmfv$m;+yD; awmiftmz&duwdk@ r,f/ jzpfEdkif&ifoGm;rwdkufcif wpfem&DavmuftvdkrSm a&yJ
pmrsuf E S m 26ok d @ aomufoifhw,f ”vdk@ ajymcJhygw,f? (armf'ef)
23
&cki d jf ynfe,fwi G f vlaygif; 67a,muf ao

qkH;cJhonfh rkd;onf;xefpGm&GmoGef;I ajrjyKdjcif; urBmausmf yk*~Kdvfwkd@.
rsm;jzpfymG ;jyD;aemuf vlaygif;axmifEi S hf csDaysmuf
qk;H um tdra f jctaqmufttkr
oGm;onfhtwGuf u,fq,fa&;tultnDrsm;
H sm; ode;f csDysufp;D DNAxnfhoGi f;azmfpyf
vkdtyfaeygonf? okd@jzpfygI jrefrmEkdi fiHom; &kd
[if*smrsm;toif; BRAJrSO ;D aqmifI *syefjynf xm;onfh tar$;eH@omrsm;
wGi ;f rS wwfEi kd o
f r#ulny D y
hH ;dk Eki
d &f ef tvSLaiGrsm;
aumufcHv#uf&Sdygojzifh rnfolrqkd yl;aygif;yg
0ifEi dk &
f ef zdw=f um;tyfygonf? vuf&dS atmufyg
a&mi f;csrnf
yk*K~ vd r f sm;xHrS tvSLaiGrsm;ukd aumufc& H &Sx
d m;
ygonf ? tvS L aiG r sm;uk d Zl v _ d i f v 11&uf a e@
jynfwi G ;f ok@d yk@d ay;rnfjzpfygonf? 4if;&uftwGi ;f tar&duefEkdifiH/ u,f
ykd@Ekdi fygu ykdItqifajyrnfjzpfygonf? vD z d k ; eD ; ,m; awmif
yd k i f ; &S d uk r ` % D w pf c k
tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ onfurBmausmf yk*Kd~ vf
jrefrmEkdifiHom; &kd[if*smrsm;toif; (*syef) rsm;. DNA Code
rsm;udk xnfhoGif;azmf
pyf x m;onf h a&ar$ ;
1-OD;atmifwif ,ef; 30˜000-
ESihf eH@omcJrsm;udk aps;
2- OD;aqG'Gvftmrdef ,ef; 20˜000-
uGufwif a&mif;cs&ef
3- OD;armifarmifat; ,ef; 30˜000-
jyif q if x m;a=umif ;
4- OD;nDnDaxG; ,ef; 30˜000-
od&onf? MyDNA
5- OD;aZmfrif;xGËf ,ef; 35˜000-
Fragrance[k t
6- rkd[rR'ftmrdef ,ef; 40˜000-
rnf ay;xm;onfh a&
&- OD;cspfarmif ,ef; 20˜000-
ar$;rsm;twGi;f emrnf
8- OD;aevif; ,ef; 15˜000-
ausmfrsm;. rsdK;ADZwnfaqmufyHk DNArsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk
9- OD;tmbluvrf ,ef; 10˜000-
xnfo h iG ;f xm;+yD; DNA Codetvdu k f &eH@rwlnaD =umif; od&
10- OD;tDvD,mpf ,ef; 10˜000-
onf? a&ar$;rsm;wGif rdu k u
f ,f*suqf if/ rm&DvifreG &f ;kd / tJvAf pf
11- OD;armifarmifpkd; ,ef; 20˜000-
y&ufpav/ atA&m[rfvifuGef;wdk@ tygt0if e,fy,fpHkrS
12- OD;El&kvfckdif&f ,ef; 10˜000-
emrnfausmfyk*~dKvf tajrmuftjrm;wdk@. DNArsm;udk xnfh
13- OD;rl&S&zf ,ef; 20˜000-
oG i f ; xm;+yD ; wpf y k v if ; vsif a':vm (60)jzif h a&mif ; csrnf
14- OD;cifaz ,ef; 10˜000-
jzpfa=umif; ukr`%D0ufbfqdkufY azmfjyxm;onf? ukr`%Donf
15- OD;qvdrft'Ndef ,ef; 30˜000-
a&ar$;rsm;xkwv f yk &f eftwGuf ausm=f um;olw@kd . DNArsm;udk
16- OD;tJ[fqef ,ef; 10˜000-
Codetvdu k f pkaqmif;cJ&h a=umif; od&&dS onf? xd@k tjyif vlwpf
17- OD;tmvD ,ef; 10˜000-
OD;onf rdrd. DNAudk toHk;jyKxkwfvkyfxm;aom a&ar$;udk
18- BRAJ ,ef; 150˜000-
a':vm (140)jzifh oD;oef@rSm,lEkdifa=umif; ukr`%Duqdkonf?
19- Tokyo rStaxGaxGaumufc&H &Sad iG ,ef; 34˜015-
,if;a&ar$;rsm;wGif toH;k jyKxm;onfh DNAonf emrnfausmf
yk*Kd~ vfrsm;. cE<mud, k rf S DNA tppfrsm;r[kwb f J zG@J pnf;yHt
k
b%frSwqifh ay;ykd@vSL'gef;vdkygu-
vkdufwlnDatmif wkyxm;jcif;jzpfjcif;[k od&Sd&onf?
saydora min- 10460-20705771okd h xnfo
h iG ;f vSL'ge;f
Edkifygonf?
24
a&ab;'%fcH &ckdi fa'o tultnDrsm; urBmhzvm;+ydKiiffyGJodk@ vma&muf
vkdtyfae owi
owiff;,lonfh Edki fiHjcm;om;
ZGef 13&ufae@rS 15&uf
twGif; rif;jym;/ ykÀm; *sme,fvpf 3O3ODD; "m;jywdkufcH&
u|ef ; / ausmuf a wmf /
bl;oD;awmifESifh armif; awmif t mz&d u Ed k i f i H
awmjrKd@e,frsm; tygt od k @ urB m h z vm;+yd K if y G J
0if &ckid jf ynfe,fwiG ;f rk;d owif;,l&efvma&muf
onf;xefpGm &GmoGef;jyD;/ ae=uaom Ed k i f i H j cm;
avjyif ; wk d u f c wf u m om; *sme,fvpf 3OD;
ajrjyKdrr_ sm;jzpfymG ;cJo
h jzifh vl 67a,mufausmaf oqk;H cJjh yD; cef@reS ;f vGefcJhonfhnu "m;jy
ajc rdom;pkaygif; okH;aomif;ausmftkd;rJh/ tdrfrJhjzpfoGm;cJhygonf? wd k u f c H c J h & a=umif ; o
W
ZGefv 21&ufae@txd w&m;0ifxkwfjyefcsufrsm;t& vltao wif;&&Sdygonf? tqdkyg
taysmuf 63OD;&SdjyD; wkd;yGm;vmzG,f&Sdygonf? a&=uD;r_a=umifh *sme,fvpf 3OD;rSm ay:
tkd;tdrfESifhtaqmufttkH ig;odef;ausmf xdcdkufysufpD;cJhjyD; vlOD; wl*rD S 2OD;ESihf pyderf S 1OD;
a& ajcmufaomif;ausmf '%f&m&&Scd ahJ =umif; Japan Internat- wd k @ jzpf = u+yD ; emrnf
or
ional Cooperation (JICA)tzG@J rS xkwjf yefxm;onf? ausmf owif;Xmersm;
pifumyl&dS JICA axmufyaHh &;Xmeu a&ab;'kuo Q nf jzpfonfh Expresso /
rsm;ukd ,m,DwJrsm;tygt0if a&oef@pifpuf/ a&wdkifuDrsm;ESifh Global Noticias
rD;pufrsm;ukd ay;ydk@a=umif;od&onf? ESihf Marcaowif;Xmersm;rS jzpf=uonf? 4if;wd@k 3OD;onf rm
ld
xdk@tjyif *syeftpdk;&uvnf; a&ab;'kuQonfrsm;udk
ulnD&ef *syef,ef;aiGwoef; axmufyHhay;oGm;rnf[k qdkonf?
a&usoGm;+yD jzpfaomfvnf; tqdk;&Gm;qHk; '%fcHcJh&
*vdpfbwf +rdK@ESifh 15rdkifcef@ uGma0;aom ae&mwGif&Sdonfh [dk
w,fwpfckwGif tdyfpufaepOf a'opHawmfcsdef eHeuf 4;00em
&Dcef@Y "m;jyrsm;u 4if;wdk@tcef;udk csKd;zsufum0ifa&muf vm
N
onfh bl;oD;awmifESifh armif;awm+rdKŒe,frsm;wGif a&ab;'kuQ cJjh cif;jzpfonf? tqdyk g "m;jywdu k cf &H r_a=umifh 4if;wd@k ydik q f ikd af om
onfrsm;taejzifh jyefvnftajccs&ef pdk;&drf&aom tajctae Laptoprsm;/ ywfpfydk@wfrsm;/ uifr&mrsm;/ urBmhzvm;ESifh ywf
wGif &Sdaeygonf? owfonfh taxmuftxm; pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;/ vufudkifzkef;
ew
“a&}uD;wJhtcsdefrSm tdrfxJudk&$HŒawG0ifw,f? tdrf&JŒ rsm; qH;k &H;_ cJ&h a=umif; od&onf? od@k aomf "m;jyrsm;onf 4if;wd@k
=urf;jyifawG[m aexkid v f @kd r&atmif &$ŒH awGe@J jynfo h yd af e+yD? tJ'D 3OD;udk t=urf;zuf ESyd pf ufomG ;jcif; r&S[ d v k nf; od&onf? 4if;wd@k
udpPukdajz&Sif;zdk@ tzGJ@tpnf;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u pOf pm;ae=u 3OD;onf owif;axmuf 20OD;cef@ yg0ifaom tzG@J EiS t hf wlvu kd f
w,f” [k UNDP 'kw, d uk, d pf m;vS,rf S qdyk gonf? ygum ay:wl*Dtoif;. v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk vdkufvHowif;,l ae
a&}uD;r_ESifh ajr+ydKrsm;a=umifh wHwm;rsm;/ vrf;rsm;om =ujcif;jzpfonf? 4if;wd@k wnf;cdak om[dw k ,fonf "m;jyrsm; 0if
ru ajcusiv
vnf; od&onf?
f o
s
l mG ;vrf;rsm;yg ysupf ;D uke+f yD; ulnu
tzG@J rsm;rSm a&ab;'kuo
D ,fq,fa&;
Q nfrsm;xH a&muf&&dS ef cufcaJ ea=umif;
bl;oD;awmifESifharmif;awm=um; vrf;r}uD;udk tpdk;

&ujyifqifaeonf[k owif;&&Sdonf? bl;oD;awmifwGif pm
oifausmif; 40rSmvnf; a&ab;a=umifhysufpD;oGm;onf?
a&mufvmEdik af p&ef tultnDay;cJo
owif;axmufrsm;u ajym=um;cJhonf?
h nf[k cHpm;&a=umif; ,if;
“t&rf;xdwfvef@p&m aumif;cJhygw,f? jzpf&yfu ESpfrd

epfoHk;rdepfavmufyJ =umw,fqdkayr,fh usGefawmfwdk@ taeeJ@
awmh em&Daygi;f rsm;pGm =umw,fv@kd xifc&hJ ygw,f? +yD;oGm;awmh
usGefawmfwdk@udkzHk;tkyf+yD; &if0udk aoewfeJ@csdefwJhtcg ao+yDvdk@
a&}uD;onfhumvtwGif; tpma&pm jywfvyfukef awmif xifrdygw,f? olwdk@xGufoGm;awmh usGefawmfwdk@udk +idrf
ojzifh urBmph m;eyf&u d mQ tpDtpOf (WFP)u a&ab;'kuo Q nf +idraf ezd@k e@J aoewfe@J csed x
f m;wJh tcsed rf mS tdyaf ezd@k ajymcJyh gw,f?
pmrsuf E S m 28ok d @ pmrsuf E S m 26ok d @

25
pmrsuf E S m 23rS
usiffxdef;odrf;a&;twGuf
ywf0ef;usi
urBmhzvm;vdk+ydKifyGJrsdK;udk tdrf&Siftjzpf vufcHusif;ycGifh&&SdcJhjcif;
tpPvmrfbmoma&;ukd twk,loiiffha=umi =umiff; jzpfonf? aemufqufwGJ tcuftcJrsm;onf awmiftmz&du
EdkifiH. jzwfoef;jzpfwnfvmr_ESifh Ed_if;,SOfvSsif bmrSrajym y
+Adwdefawmf0iiffriiff;om; ajym=um; avmufawmh? ,if;twGufa=umifhyif 2010urBmhzvm;+ydKifyGJudk
atmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifrnf[k awmiftmz&dujynfolwdk@ ,Hk
=unfcsut f jynfh &Sad ejcif;jzpfonf? rif'v J m;zefw;D cJo
h nf? tm
z&durS urBmi,fav;onf ,cktcsdefwGif urBmhabmvHk;avm
+Adwed f awmf0ifrif; u. t&Sed t f 0gt }uD;rm;qH;k +ydKify[ JG qk &kd rnfh urBmzh vm;+ydKifyu
JG kd
om;csm;vf p f u tdrf&Siftjzpf usif;ycGifh&awmhrnfjzpfonf? wdkif;jynfwpfckt
urBmyh wf0ef; usif aejzifh rSeuf efpnf;pepfusonfh vrf;a=umif;ay:od@k a&muf&ydS gu
xd e f ; od r f ; a&;t wnf+idraf t;csr;f r_/ zG@H +zdK;wd;k wufrw
_ @kd qdo k nfrmS umvwdt k wGi;f
wGuftpPvmrf a&muf&SdEdkifonfudk rif'Jvm;ESifh awmiftmz&dujynfolwdk@u
bmoma&;. t oufaojyEdkifcJh+yDjzpfonf?
s
ajccH , H k = unf r _
rsm;udk twk,o l ifah =umif; ajym=um;cJo h nf? 4if;. atmufpzf @kd 'f pmrsuf E S m 25rS
ew
pifwmwGif obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&; apwem&Sifrsm;
tm;ydk@cscJhaom oifcef;pmtwGif; rif;om;u rdrdwdk@onf tpP
vmrfbmomwGif oif=um;jyoxm;onfh vlom;ESifhywf0ef;
usifudk cGJjcm;rxm;aom pdwf"mwfrsdK;vkdtyfa=umif; aqG;aEG;
ajymqdkoGm;onf? tu,fI xD;eef;tarGcHtjzpfudk pGef@v$wf
usG e f a wmf w d k @ tcef ; xJ r S m aea&mif x G u f v mwJ h t csd e f x d
wpfem&DcaJG vmuf apmifq h ikd ;f ae cJ&h ygw,f? useG af wmfw@kd ae&wJh
ae&m[m zke;f r&S/d vHjk cHKa&;r&Sw d hJ uGi;f jyifxrJ mS jzpfv@kd obm0eJ@
uif;uGmaeygw,f? usGefawmfwdk@ jzwfoef;cJhwJh ae&mawGrSm
N
vSsyfppfv$wfxm;wJh eH&Hjrifh}uD;awG&Sd+yD; vHkjcHKa&;awGvnf; &Sdyg
cJyh gu t*FvefEikd if /H c&pf,mefb&k m;ausmif;awmf. t}uD;tuJ w,f? useG af wmfw@kd ukd 'Dvakd e&mrSm xm;vdrrhf ,fv@kd rxifcyhJ gb;l
jzpfvmrnfh rif;om;u uk&ftm&fusrf;jrwfrS azmfjycsufrsm;udk usGefawmfwdk@udk 'Dvdk ae&mrSm xm;vdrfhr,fvdk@ rxifcJhygbl;”
ud;k um;+yD; ,ckvkd yd@k csomG ;jcif;jzpfonf? 4if;onf atmufpzf @kd 'f [k "m;jywdkufcH&onfh *sme,fvpfwpfOD;jzpfol tefwdkeD,dk
pifwm&Sd tpPvmrfbmoma&; avhvmoif=um;r_ pifwmtm; qDr;kd pfu Lusa owif;pmod@k ajym=um;cJo h nf? ,if;tcsed w f iG f
ld
awmf0if rdom;pkudk,fpm; axmufyHhulnD&ef wm0ef,lxm; ol awmiftmz&du &Jwyfz@JG u "m;jywdu k rf t

_ wGuf rouFmolwpf
vnf;jzpfonf? csm;vfpfu rwlnDuGJjym;aeaom bmom}uD; OD;ukdzrf;qD;&rd+yDjzpfa=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? tqdkyg
rsm;=um; ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom em;vnfr_rsdK;wnfaqmuf=u&ef rouFmoludk "m;jywdkufcH&onfh vufudkifzkef;. qpf*e,f t
or
vnf; wdu k w f eG ;f ajym=um;cJo

h nf? “ urBm}uD;&J@ a'otoD;oD; csufjyr_rSwqifh zrf;qD;&rdcJhjcif;jzpfonf? tqdkyg jzpf&yfonf
rSm useG af wmfw@kd aexdik =f uygw,f? rwlnw D hJ ywf0ef;usiaf wGrmS vmrnfEh pS &f uftwGi;f usi;f yrnfh urBmzh vm;+ydKifyt JG wGuf vHjk cHK
&Sifoefae&ayr,fh urBm}uD;udk usGefawmfwdk@jyef+yD; tusdK;jyK a&;t& jcdrf;ajcmufr_ jzpfapcJhonf? +yD;cJhonfh ZGefv 2&ufae@
oifw h ,fqw kd m vH;k 0jiif;r&wJh trSew f &m;yg? tpPvmrfbmom
W
uvnf; SBS&kyfoHrS tzGJ@0ifwpfOD;onf *sKd[efpfbwf +rdK@&Sd

a&;[m 'gudkt+rJwrf; n$efjyoGefoif ae+yD;om;yg? urBm}uD;eJ@ pwdk;qdkifwpfckxJrS em;aecef;wGif "m;jywdkufcHcJh&a=umif; od&
useG af wmfw@kd =um; b,fvkd ,SuEf , G af ew,fqw dk mudk rsuu f ,
G f onf? +yD;cJhonfh paeae@uvnf; awmifudk&D;,m;ae@pOfxkwf
rjyKzdk@ usGefawmfwdk@awG t+rJowd&ae&ygr,f” [k csm;vfpfoif owif;pmwpfapmifrS owif;axmufwpfO;D 'gbef+rdK@. vrf;wpf
cef;pmydk@csr_odk@ wufa&mufcJholrsm;tm; aqG;aEG;ajymqdkoGm; vrf;xJY "m;jywdkufcHcJh&onf? (Soccermyamar)
cJo
h nf? (Hikmah.info)
þ&k d [ if * sm *sme,f j zpf a jrmuf a &;twG u f aiG a Mu;axmuf y H h v k d o l r sm; &S d y gu

atmuf y gvd y f t wk d i f ; xnf h 0 if a y;oG i f ; Ek d i f y gonf /
pmwkdufbPf Post Bank: 10130-
-26937911 MUHAMMAD ALI BIN
26
a&eH,dkzdwfr_ta&;udk vspfvsL&_I
c&D;onfwiiffav,mOfbD;ukd zufwG,fum
urBmhzvm;yGJ oGm;=unfhaeonfh
rkdi faygi;f 800 c&D;ESi fcJhonf
'korRwudk tdkbm;rm;a'goxGuf
tar&dueforRw bm;
&kdar;eD;,m;Ekdi fiHom;
&wftb kd m;rm;onf ol
. 'k o rR w jzpf o l *sKd ;
bk d i f ' ef t m; urB m h z &dkar;eD;,m;EdkifiH
vm; +yd K if y G J o G m ;=unf h om;tm*yk*~dKvf
aeojzif h a'goxG u f wpfOD;onf c&D;
vSsuf&Sdaea=umif; od& onfwifav,mOf
onf? bdkif'efonf t wpfpif;. bD;udk
ar&dueftpdk;&vwfw zufwG,fumrdkif
avmacgif;cJae& aom aygif;(800) c&D;
a&eH,dkzdwfr_jy \em ESicf ahJ =umif; od&
udk vspv f sL&_+yD; urBmzh onf? 4if;onf ZGefv(6) &ufae@u 4if;p}wD;,m;EkdifiH/ AD,if
vm;+ydKifyJG oGm; a&muf
=unf&h a_ eojzifh tdb k m;
ws
rm;u a'goxGufcJhjcif;jzpfonf? bdkif'efonf ol.rdom;pk0if
tcsKd@ESifhtwl urBmhzvm;+ydKifyGJusif;y&efwpf&uftvdkY awmif
em+rdK@rS ysHoef;xGufcGmvmonfh av,mOfbD;udkzufum +Adwdef
EdkifiH/ [d\&dk;avqdyfxd a&muf&SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf? touf (20)
t&G,&f dS tvkyv f ufrhJ trsKd ;om;onf 'lbidk ;f awmf0ifro
c&D;onfwif av,mOfatmufrS cd;k a=umifc;kd 0Suf vdu
d m;pkyikd f
k yf gvmjcif;
e
tmz&duEdik if o H @kd a&muf&adS ejcif;jzpfonf? tdik ,f mvef - tar jzpfonf? ,if;tm; [d\&dk;avqdyfwGif vHk+cHKa&;rsm;u zrf;
&duefujym;jzpfol bdkif'efonf “tar&dueftoif;ESifh t*Fvef qD;Edik cf o hJ nf? &Jrsm;u trnfazmfjyjcif;r&Sad om ,if;yk*Kd~ vfonf
toif;wdk@ xdyfwdkufawG@qHkonfh yGJudk=unfh&_vdkojzifh ,if;odk@ ayaygi;f (25000)tjrifw h iG f tylcsed f tEkw(f 41)'D*&D qJvq f ;D &yfpf
oGm;a&mufaejcif;vnf;jzpf+yD; orRwtdkbm;rm;udk jyef vnf
N
om&Sdaom taetxm;jzifh }uHKawG@cJh&a=umif; ajym=um;cJh
awmif;yefr_ jyKvkycf &hJ a=umif;vnf; od&onf? tar&duef Edik if &H @J onf? 4if;onf tcsed rf a&G; jyKwfus+yD;jzpfap/ atmufp*D sif jywf
ud, k pf m; useG af wmf'rD mS a&mufae&wmudk *k%, f 0l rf; ajrmufryd g +yD;jzpfap aoqHk;oGm;Ekdifaomfvnf; avqdyfodk@a&muf&SdcsdefwGif
d
w,f? orRwuawmh a'goxGufaeygw,f”[k bdkif'efu *sKd yGef;yJh'%f&m tenf;i,fom &Sdaea=umif; tHhzG,fawG@cJh&onf?
lr
[efpfbwf+rdK@wGifa&muf&Sdaeonfh tar&duef*k%foa&&Sd yk*~dKvf
rsm; tzGJ@wpfzGJ@odk@ ajym=um;cJhonf? “tdkif,mvef aoG;ygwJh
vlwpfa,muftaeeJ@ajym&&if useG af wmfw@kd t*Fvefukd tEdik &f
xd@k tjyif &JEiS v hf 0l ifr_ }uD;=uyfa&; t&m&Srd sm;u ppfaq;ar;jref;r_
rsm;udk ajz=um;Ekdifonfh usef;rm}uH@ckdifr_vnf; &Sdaea=umif;od&
onf? tqdyk g trsKd ;om;u 4if;onf vef'ef+rdK@wiG f tvkyt f udik f
a&eHrsm;,dzk w
o
csifygw,f”[k bdkif'efu qufvufajym=um;cJhonf? vuf&Sdt
csdefonf ruUqDudkyifv,fauG@wGif +AdwdoSsa&eHukr`%D BPrS
d rf _ jzpfymG ;cJo
h jzifh obm0ywf0ef;usif xde;f odr;f
a&;vkyfief;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef tar&dueftpdk;& tvkyf&_yfaeonfh
&&Sd&eftwGuf bdk;tif; (747)av,mOfysHbD;atmufrS cdk;vdkuf
vmjcif;[k &Si;f jycJo h nf? &Jt&m&Sw d pfO;D u “yHrk eS q
,mOfrsdK;u tjrifhay (37000)u aewuf+yD; ysHavh&Sdygw,f?
tJ'Dtjrifhqdk 'Dvlusdef;aoayguf ao&rSmygyJ? ckawmh rdk;}udK;
f &kd if tJ'aD v
W
tcsdefjzpfonf? ,if;jy\emonf orRwtdkbm;rm;vufxuf rkew f idk ;f awGjzpfaevd@k tjrifah yudk avSsmv h ukd w f m 'Dvl uHaumif;
&ifqdkif&zl;aom t}uD;qHk;jy\emvnf; jzpfonf? bdkif'efonf oGm;w,f”[k &Si;f jycJo h nf? vef'ef&w J yfz@JG onf ,if;yk*Kd~ vftm;
awmiftmz&duodk@ a&muf&SdaepOf ajr;rav;uG,fvGefr_a=umifh taotcsm ppfaq;r_rsm; jyKvkyfcJh+yD;aemuf Oa&my,leD,H t
ylaqG;aomu a&mufae&onfh awmiftmz&du orRwa[mif; zG@J 0if &dak r;eD;,m;Edik if o H m;tjzpf oufaojyEdik o f nft h wGuf vef
e,fvfqifref'Jvm;xHodk@vnf;0ifa&mufum 0rf;enf;pum;qdk 'efwGif aexdkif&efcGifhjyKvkdufa=umif; owif;&&Sdonf?
cJha=umif;od&onf? (Soccermyamar) ( Hikmah.info)
27
pmrsuf E S m 29rS
azmfvefwdk@ *dk;oGif;raocsmvdk@ aemufxyf*dk;r&bJ wpfzufwpf

*dk;pDESifh tcsdefydkqufupm;cJh&ygw,f?
'kdi ftrmS ;twGuf FIFAOuUÏ
yGu
tcsed yf kd yxrydik ;f rSmvnf; ESpo f pfpvH;k *d;k oGi;f cGirhf &cJb
J av;aecJyh gw,f? O¶ka*G;toif;a&m *gemtoif;yg wpfoif;
h J
awmi f;yef
trSm;udk wpfoif;u apmifu h pm;aecJ=h uwmawG&jyD; yGcJ sed (f 113)
rdepfrmS azmfveftydik u f efciG &hf ayr,fv
h @kd O¶ka*G;wd@k *d;k &r,fh tcGihf *smreD t oif ; ES i f h u
ta&;wpfckvGJacsmfcJh&ygw,f? *gembufu tqmrdk*sef&JŒwdk; pm;cJhonfhyGJwGif t*F
tm;eJ@ *d;k &vke;D yg;jzpfcahJ yr,fh O¶ka*G;toif;uHaumif;cJyh g w,f? vef t oif ; tv,f
*gemtoifu yGJjyD;cgeD;rSm qufwdkufzduom;vmjyD; *gem t wef;vlvrf;ywf oGif;
oif;bufu acgif;wdkufcsufudk qGm&ufZfvufeJ@ ykwfxkwfcJhvdk@ onfh*kd;tm; cGifhrjyKcJh
teDu'fESifh xkwfcH&jyD; y,fe,fwDygay;cJh&ygw,f? tJ'Dy,fe,f onfh 'kdifvl}uD;. t
wDukd tkypf w k iG ;f yGpJ OfawGrmS oGi;f ,lay;cJw h hJ tqmrd*k seu f efoiG ;f rSm;ESifhywfoufI u
&mrSm *dk;bm;wef;xdxGufcJhvdk@ O¶ka*G;toif; xyfrHuHaumif; rBmhabmvkH;tzGJŒcsKyf (FIFA)OuUÏ qyfbvwWmu t*Fvef
cJhjyD; yGJcsdefaphoGm;wJhtwGuf y,fe,fwDtqHk;tjzwf cH,lcGifh&cJh abmvkH;tzGJŒcsKyf (FA) ukdawmif;yefcJhonf?
ygw,f? +yD;cJhonfh we*FaEGae@u *smreDtoif;ESifh ,SOf+ydKifu
y,feufwDuefoGif;&mrSmawmh O¶ka*G;*dk;orm; rlq pm;cJhonfhyGJwGif t*Fveftoif;taejzifh 'kdifvl}uD;.rSm;,Gif;
vD&m vufpGrf;jyoGm;cJhjyD; 4-2 *dk;eJ@ tEdkif&cJhum qDrD;zdkife,f aom qkH;jzwfcsufa=umifh atmifjrif&eftcGifhtvrf;rsm; qkH;&_H;
tqifhudk ESpf (40)twGif; yxrqHk;t=udrftjzpf wufa&muf cJha=umif;/ xkd@twl ruUqDukdtoif;bufokd@ tm*sifwD;em;a&SŒ
EdkifcJhygw,f? wef;wku d pf pfr;ª um;vk@d pw f AD ufpf oGi;f ,lco hJ nfh yxr*k;d rSmvnf;
vlusG aH bmjzpfa=umif; FIFA OuUÏuajym=um;onf[k AFP
pmrsuf E S m 25rS owif;Xmeu azmfjycJhonf?
“'dkif&JŒrSm;,Gif;wJhqkH;jzwfcsufu um,uH&SifawG b,f
rsm;udk qef/ qD/ qm;/ yJ tp&Sdonfh tpm;taomufrsm; jzef@
avmuf pdwfxdcdkuf+yD; 0rf;enf;&w,fqkdwm em;vnfygw,f/
a0ay;vSsuf&Sdonf? WFPu pm;eyf&duQmwefcsdef 1079wefudk
'ga=umifh t*FvefeJ hruUqDukdtoif;awGudk awmif;yefygw,f”
a&ab;'kuo Q nf rdom;pkrsm;xH jzef@a0oGm;&ef pDpOfxm;+yD; vwf
[k qyfbvwWmuqdkonf? ,ckuJhokd@ awmif;yefpum;ajym
wavmwGif pm;eyf&duQmwefcsdef 400udk jzef@a0+yD;jzpfa=umif;
=um;r_tay: aus;Zl;wifa=umif;/ abmvkH;yGJqkdonfrSm &_H;edrfhr_
od&onf?
&So
d uJo h @dk atmifjrifrv _ nf;&Srd nfjzpfonf[k FA uk, d pf m;vS,f
,if; a'ood@k oGm;a&mufcahJ om qD'G iftpd;k &. Ekid if aH &;
u ajymqkdcJhonf[k 4if;uajymonf?
twdik yf ifcH Liselott Agerlidqdo k l trsK;d orD;u tdrt f rsm;
urBmhabmvHk;tzGJ hcsKyfOuUXonf t*FvefabmvHk;t
tjym;rSm &$HŒESifhajr}uD;atmufwGif a&muf&SdoGm;a=umif;/ rdom;
zGJ ch sKyfEiS hf ruUqu D kd abmvH;k tzGJ ch sKyf 2ckv;kH od@k wku
d &f ukd f awmif;
pkrsm; tpkvdkuft+yHKvdkuf aoaeonfudkawG@cJh&+yD; axmifESifh
yefcJhjzif;jzpfonf?
csaD om vlrsm;xGuaf jy;ae=uonfudk awG@c&hJ a=umif; ajymonf?
“axmifeJ@csDwJh vlawG tdk;tdrfawGudk pGef@ypfoGm;cJh=u&
w,f? a&wGi;f a&uefawGu &$ŒH awGtenfawGe@J jynfah e+yD;awmh pmrsuf E S m 28rS
pyg;awGvnf; ysupf ;D ukew f ,f”[k Liselott Agerlidu ajym wGi;f cseyf ,D qH Ek êpq f Ek êihf ,lt;D tufzf atcseyf , D q
H w
k @kd ukd &&êx
d m;
jyonf? aom tifwmrDveftoif;wGif tDwvDvrl sKd ; wpfO;D rSsryg0ifjcif;
a&wGi;f a&uefrsm;ukd oef@&iS ;f ay;&efEiS hf v,form;rsm; Eêiehf nf;jyjzpfou l ,kd wf ikd rf êm tDwvDvrl sK;d r[kwaf =umif; axmuf
qHk;&_H;oGm;aom rsKd;pyg;rsm;ukd jyefvnfjznfhqnf;ay;Edkif&ef jya0zefoGm;cJhonf?
ukvor*~rS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u tav;ay;ajym=um;xm;onf? tDwvDtoif; apmapmpD;pD; +ydKifyGJu xGufoGm;&wm
“a&SŒvmr,fh owif;ywf 3-4ywftwGi;f rSm usaemfw@kd [m rdkufrJvGef;wJh tm;upm;ay:vpDa=umifhyg? jynfwGif;trêwf
taeeJ@ v,form;awGukd rsK;d pyg;awG jyefvnf ray;Ekid b f ;l qd&k if ay;cseyf , D /H vd*cf seyf , D eH @J cseyf ,
D v
H *d cf seyf ,
D t
H oif;rêm jynfwiG ;f
'D&moDrSm v,form;awG bmrS pdkufysKd;EdkifrSm r[kwfbl;” [k upm;orm;wpfa,mufrêrygbl;? aemuf+yD; enf;jyudk,fwdkifu
ukvor*~wm0ef&SdolwOD;u qdkonf? pmrsuf E S m 7ok d @
28
0i
0iffb,fvf'efwiiff;epf+ydKiiffyGJ ESpfaygif; (40)=umtdrfrufawGtwGuf
q&Dem0DvsH av;=udrfajrmufAkdvfpJG O&ka*G;toif; qDrD;zkdi fe,fwuf
0ifb,fv'f ef wif; urBmhzvm;
ep+yd K if y G J . trsd K ;orD ; jyd K if y G J o rd k i f ;
wpf O D ; csif ; aemuf q H k ; wpfavSsmuf y
Advk vf yk u JG kd ZGev f 3&uf xrOD ; qH k ; t
ae@uusif;ycJh&m vuf =ud r f z d k i f e ,f
&êd cseyf ,
D H q&Dem0Dvsu H wufvmwJh
¶k&êm;Edik if o H l ZAdek m&D Am tmz&du&JŒ *g
udk (6-3/ 6-2)jzifh EêpfyGJ emtoif ; eJ @
jywf tEdik &f um csef yD,q H u k kd av;}udrf ajrmuf &&êo d mG ;cJah =umif; ESpfaygif; (40)
od&onf? =umrS uGmwm;zdkife,ftqifhudk jyefvnfwufa&mufEdkifcJhwJh
&Dw/kd 'kw,
+ydKifyw
d tqif+h ydKifyw
JG iG f qDbu
JG iG f ¶k&êm;rê csuAf w
l Akd m/ pwkwt Î qifh +ydKifyw
uGmwm;zdkife,fwGif w¶kwfrê emvD/ qDrD;zdkife,fwGif csufrê
tm
q&Dem0DvsHonf yxrtqifh+ydKifyGJwGif ay:wl*Drê'Db
D ufZ/D wwd,tqifh
JG iG f ¶k&êm;rê &êm&mydAk m/
awmif tmz&duu O&ka*G;toif;wdk@[m qD;rD;zdkife,ftqifhudk
wuf a &muf E d k i f a &;twG u f t=ud w f t e,f , S O f j yd K if u pm;cJ h y g
w,f? *gemtoif;rSmawmh '%f&mjy\ema=umifh rygEikd b
owif;xGufaewJh *gem*dk;oGif;bk&if tqmrdk*sef yg0ifupm;wm
f ;l vd@k
auADwdkAmwdk@tm; tEdkif&&êdcJh+yD; aemufqHk;AdkvfvkyGJodk@ wuf

a&mufvmcJhjcif; jzpfa=umif; od&onf? aemufqHk; AdkvfvkyGJwGif
¶k&êm;rê ZAdkem&D;Am;tm; yGJupm;csdef wpfem&Dausmfom upm;
;u
cJh&+yD; EêpfyGJjywftEdkif,lcJhum csefyD,Hqkzvm; &,lEdkifcJhjcif;jzpf
awG@&jyD; O¶ka*G;toif;uawmh qGm&ufZ/f azmfvef/ umAmeDtp
&SdwJh emrnf=uD; upm;orm;tpHktvifeJ@ yGJxGufupm;vmcJhyg
w,f? yGJtp(15)rdepftwGif; O¶ka*G;toif;u *gembufudk
wku d pf pfqifupm;Edik cf jhJ yD; azmfvefukd *gemtoif;aemufcv H al wG
onf?
q&Dem0DvsHonf ,ckEêpftwGif; usif;ycJhaom *&if;p pm
vif; +ydKifyGJrsm;teuf =opa=w;vs tdk;yif;+ydKifyGJwGif AdkvfpGJcJh+yD;
renf;vdkufxdef; ae&ygw,f? *gemtoif;uawmh tmz&duy&d
owftm;udk,ljyD;awmh O¶ka*G;bufudk wkef@jyefupm;cJhjyD; yGJcsdefrd
epf (30)rSm *gemtoif;u tqmrdk*sef *dk;{&d,mtwGif; tydkif
,ck+ydKifyw JG iG f xyfrAH vkd pf cJG o
xm;cJhonf? q&Dem0DvsHonf *&if;pvif;+ydKifyGJ av;ckpvHk;wGif
(13) }udrf AdkvfpGJxm;EkdifcJhonf?
;
hJ jzifh *&if;pvif; +ydKifyEJG êpcf w k iG f Adv
k pf JG ydwfcJhayr,fh *dk;wdkifab;uyfxGufoGm;vdk@ *gemtoif; epfemcJh&
ygw,f? *gemtoif;uawmh O¶ka*G;toif;bufukd qufwu
ovdk zdupm;vmcJhjyD; yxrydkif;jyD;cgeD; emusiftcsdefydkrSmawmh
rGefwm&Du O¶ka*G; *dk;{&d,mtjyifbufuae vSvSyyuefoGif;
kd q f kd
tDwvDtoif; tkyfpkr SxGuf&jcif;rSm cJv

h @kd *gemwd@k OD;aqmif*;kd &cJyh gw,f? 'ga=umifh yxrydik ;f *gemt
oif;u O¶ka*G;toif;udk wpf*dk;tomeJ@ OD;aqmifxm;EdkifcJhyg
jynfwGi f;vd*f+ydKifyGJwGi f Edki fiHjcm;om;rsm; w,f?
'kwd,ydkif;tprSmawmh O¶ka*G;toif; tenf;i,f zdu
pdk;rdk;xm;jcif;a=umifhjzpfa=umif; tDwvD0ef=uD; pm;vmjyD; *dk;oGif;cGifhawG &vmcJhygw,f? *gemtoif;uawmh
a0zef O¶ka*G;wdkufppfudk cyfrmrmwHkjyefupm;cJhvdk@ jypf'%fabmawG
ay;cJ&h ygw,f? yGcJ sed f (54) rdepfrmS awmh *gem*d;k {&d,m tpyfem;
2010 urBmhzvm;+ydKifyGJwGif vuf&êdcsefyD,Ht oif;jzpf avmufu&wJh jypf'%fabmudk azmfvefu*d;k orm;&JŒ b,fbuf
aom tDwvDtoif; t&êufwuGJ¶_H;edrfhI tkyfpktqifhrê xGuf& tay:axmifhudk vSvSyyuefoGif;,lcJhvdk@ O¶ka*G;toif; acsy*dk;&
jcif;rêm jynfwiG ;f vd*+f ydKifyw
JG iG f Edik if jH cm;om; upm;orm;rsm;pd;k rd;k cJhygw,f? O¶ka*G;toif; acsy*dk;&jyD;aemuf *gemtoif;bufudk
aejcif;a=umifh jzpfa=umif; tDwvDOya'jyKa&;&m jyKjyifajymif;vJ qufwu kd zf u
d pm;vmcJjh yD; yGcJ sed f (62)rdepfrmS azmfvef&ŒJ jzwfwif
a&;0ef}uD; a&mbwfwdku,f'g¶dkvDu a0zefoGm;cJhonf? abmuwpfqifh qGm&ufZf ydwcf iG &hf ayr,fh vGaJ csmcf yhJ gw,f? O¶k
u,f'g¶v kd u
D +yD;cJo h nfh abmvH;k &moDwiG f tDwvDjynf a*G ; toif ; tEd k i f * d k ; &zd k @ =ud K ;pm;upm;cJ h a yr,f qG m &uf Z f /
29
ajrmufukd&D;,m; upm;orm; 4O4ODD; Ekdi fiHa&;ckdv_HcGi fh awmi
awmiff;cJhonf[k
owi
owiff;rsm;xGufay:
2010urBmzh vm;+ydKifyJG tkypf k(G)rê ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;toif; . upm;orm;(4)OD;onf
toif;rêaysmufqHk;cJh+yD; awmiftmz&duwm0ef&êdolrsm;xH EkdifiHa&;cdkv_HcGifh awmif;cHcJh
onf[k owif;rsm;xGufay:vmcJhonf? ajrmufudk&D;,m;toif;. tapmydkif;avhusifh
uGif;v,fvl *kd;orm;uifrfajrmif0ef; cef; tpDtpOfrsm;wGif upm;orm; (23)OD;rpHkvifbJ (4)OD;rêm aysmufqHk;cJhjcif;a=umifh
yufqefa[muf ,if;owif;rsm; xGufay:vmjcif;yifjzpfonf? ajrmufudk&D;,m;toif;onf b&mZD;vf
EêifhyGJrwdkifrD upm;orm; (19)OD;jzifhom avhusifhcef;qif;cJh&+yD; *dk;orm;uifrfajrmif0ef;/
wkdufppfrêL; tefcsKda[muf/ uGif;v,fvl uifrfa,miftDEêifh yufqefa[mufwdk@ (4)OD;rêm
wkdufppfrSL; uGif;v,fvl aysmufq;kH cJjh cif; jzpfonf? 4if;wd@k (4)OD;onf +yD;cJo
h nfh b&mZD;vf/ ay:wl*t
D oif;rsm;Eêihf
uifrfa,miftD tkyfpkyGJpOfrsm;wGifvnf; t&efpm&if;Yyif yg0ifjcif;r&êday? ajrmufudk&D;,m;upm; orm;
rsm;. owif;xGufay:vm+yD;aemuf zDzmwm0ef&êdolrsm;u ,if;owif;rsm;udkjiif;qefcJh+yD; 4if;upm;orm;(4)OD;rêm ajrmufudk&D;
,m;toif;wnf;cdk&m [dkw,fwGif&êdaea=umif; a=unmcJhonf? xkd@aemuf +yD;cJhonfhaom=umae@Y ajrmufudk&D;,m; toif;.
avhusifhcef;tpDtpOfodk@ rD'D,mrsm;udk rdepf (20)=um0ifcGifhay;cJh+yD; 4if;upm;orm;(4)OD; toif;Eêifhtwl&êdaea=umif; jyocJhonf?
odk@aomf rD'D,mrsm;rêm upm;orm;rsm;tem;odk@uyfcGifhr&cJhbJ wpfpHkwpf&mar;jref;cGifhvnf; r&&êdcJha=umif;od&onf? owif;
tcsKdŒurl *dk;orm;uifrfajrmif0ef;Eêifh wkdufppfrêL; tefcsKda[mufwdk@rêm awmiftmz&dutm%mydkifrsm;udkawGŒqHk+yD; 4if;wdk@(4)OD;
twGuf Ekid if aH &;cdv
k cH_ iG hf awmif;cJah =umif; twdtvif;azmfjycJo h nf? zDzmwm0ef&êo d rl sm;onf ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m; vufa&G;piftoif;udk
*sKd[efeufpfbwf+rdKŒ ajrmufbufpGef;&êd [dkw,fwpfckwGifxm;&êd+yD; vHk+cHKa&;udkvnf; txl;wif;=uyfxm;a=umif; od&onf?
pmrsuf E S m 28rS
t*Fveftoif;onf *smreDtoif;ESifh &_H;xGuftqifhyGJpOfwGif ,SOf+ydKif&m 2 *kd; 1*kd;jzifh &_H;edrfhaepOf t*FvefuGif;v,fvl z&ef@
vrf;ywfu ta0;rSuefoGif;onfhabmvkH; *kd;tay:wkdifukdxd+yD; *dk;pnf;ukdausmfvGefI twGif;odk@0ifa&mufcJhaomfvnf; O&ka*G;
EkdifiHom; 'kdifvl}uD; Jorge Larriondau *kd;ray;cJhjcif;jzpfonf?
tqdyk g *k;d om t*Fveftoif; &&So d mG ;ygu t*Fveftoif;. uH=urRmrSm wrsKd ;wzkH ajymif;vJomG ;rnfjzpfonf? tvm;wl
yif tm*siw f ;D em;toif;ESihf ruUqu
D t
kd oif;wd@k ,SO+f ydKif=upOf tm*siw
f ;D em;wku
d pf pfr;ª um;vd@k pw
f AD ufpf oGi;f ,lcahJ om yxr*d;k rSm
vlusGHabmtaetxm;rS oGif;,loGm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf?
abmvHk;yGJrsm;Y uGif;v,f'dkifESifh pnf;=uyf'kdifwkd@onf vlom;rsm;jzpfI rSm;,Gif;Ekdifa=umif;/ xkda=umifh &kyfjrifoH=um;
uifr&mrsm;wyfqif+yD; enf;ynmtultnD,l&ef wkdufwGef;ajymqkdr_rsm; &Sdaeaomfvnf; urBmhabmvHk;tzGJ hcsKyfu vufrcHcJhay?
,ckuJhokd@ tjzpftysufrsm; jzpfyGm;+yD;aemufrSom enf;ynm tultnDudk ,l&ef vdktyfaea=umif;/ vmrnfh Zlvdkifv
1234567890123456789012345
&k d [ i f * sm*sme,f u k d atmuf y gyk * ~ K d v f r sm;xH w G i f &&S d E k d i f y gonf ?
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345 quf o G , f & ef
1234567890123456789012345
*syefjynfwi G ;f jzef c h sda&;
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345 Soe Aung (Editor)
1234567890123456789012345
wm0ef c H r sm;
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345 Tokyo, Shinjuku-Ku,
1234567890123456789012345
- Guma- Ken
1234567890123456789012345 Hyakunincho 1-1-23
1234567890123456789012345
Ko Soe Win
1234567890123456789012345
TEL: 080-1322-3934 Yajima Bld, 105
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345 169-0073
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
- Nagoya Tel: 03-6457-3756
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
Ko Aung Naing Fax: 03-6457-3756
1234567890123456789012345
1234567890123456789012345
TEL: 080-5159-8948 Mobile: 080-5027-9848
e-mail: rohingyajournal@gmail.com
30
qkdifzGifhcsdef
ae hvnf 11em&DrS
nae2em&D x d
ae h v nf p mok H ; aqmif E k d i f j yD ;
nykdif;qkdifzGifhcsdef
nae 5em&DrS eHeuf 5em&D
xd j zpf y gonf /
-jrefrmtpm; pm;aomufvo dk rl sm;twGuf oef &h iS ;f vwfqwfjy;D

t&om&Sad om zm;om;? ,keo f m;? 0ufom;wkwx f ;dk ? wkd [
h ;l okwf
ig;&H ah jcmufoyk Ef iS hf tjcm;xl;jcm;aom tpm;tpmrsm;ukv d J ok;H
aqmifEidk yf gonf/
- um&mtkad uoDcsi;f rsm;ukv d nf; puftopfEiS hf oDcsi;f rsm;ukd pdwf
at;csr;f om;pGm oDqEdk idk yf gonf?
ygwyD GJ? arG;ae {h nfch yH GJ txl; atmf'gyGJrsm;ukvd nf;
pdww f idk ;f usjzpf atmif vufcaH qmif&Guaf y;jy;D
arG;ae h ygwyD GJrsm;twGuf rSww f rf;wifAG,
D w
dk pfacG
vufaqmif&u dk af y;ygonf/
qufo,
G &f ef
Tel: 03-3209-5223
31
Mobile: 080-5417-9688
stpm;tpm/ pmtk y f * sme,f r sm; pk H p k H v if v if &&S d E k d i f y gonf ?

tom;/ ig;/ ykZGefESifh tqifoifhpm; _refrmpm;aomufzG,f
&mrsm;ukd aps;E+ef;csKdompGm_zifh &Eddkifygonf?
sjuuf/ yJ/ yvmwmESifh qefrsm;ukd txl;av#mhaps;E+ef;_zifh
a&mif ; csay;aeygonf ?
sw,f v D z k e f ; u'f r sm;uk d ta&twG u f a y:rl w nf I av#mh a y;aeygonf ?
st_cm;qk d i f r sm;uk d txl ; av#mh a ps;_zif h a&mif ; csay;aeygonf ?
(Shinokubo Branch) Tel: 03-5338-4391

(softbank) Fax: 03-5338-4392
Open hours: 7days 10:30 - 00:30
(Takadanobaba Branch) Tel: 03-5937-9630

(softbank) Fax: 03-5937-9631
Open hours: 7days 10:30 - 00;30
Address: Address:
203 Initial Annex Bldg 2 -10-8
2- 202 D omus Sani Y
Domus anagawa Bldg 3-
Yanagawa 2-13
3-2
Hyakuninc ho S
Hyakunincho Shh in
injj uku- Ku, Tokyo
uku-Ku, Takadanobaba SShh in
injj uku- Ku, Tokyo
uku-Ku,
169 -0073
169-0073 0075
Pos
ostt A/C 10120-87246631
A/C 32
Pos
ostt A/ C 10170-44581171
A/C
UFJ Bank ((Okubo
UFJ Okubo Branc Branchh A/ C
A/C UF
UFJJ Bank ((T
Takadanobaba Branc h A/
Branch A/CC 0123843
4662466 (F USS
(FUSS
USSU U ) (F
FUUSS U)
SU

Volume 1 Issue 7 July

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Volume 1 Issue 7 July

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

&kd[if*sma&;&m vlrSKpD;yGm;owif;*sme,f The Rohingya Journal

Volume (1) Issue 7, July 2010.

aomMum? pae? we*F a EG a e h r sm;wG i f

*syefrS 'kuQonftjzpf todtrSwfjyKxm;aom Ekdi fiHjcm;om;wpfO ;D

(2) xyfrHvkdtyfonfrSm c&D;oGm;rnfhEkdifiH. jynf0ifcGifh (ADZm)jzpfonf? ADZmav#mufxm;r_ukd *syefEkdifiHwGif&Sdaom oGm;

(3) *syefEi H m; ajymif;xm;oljzpfygu

10&mckdi fE_ef;wkd; aumufcHrnf[kqkd *syeftxufv$wfawmf

'vkdi fvm;rm;u *syefjs

txufwef;ausmi f;om;u tmz*efepPweforRw

T*sme,f xkwfa0jcif;. &nf&G,fcsuf

urBm}uD;uom jrefrmppfAdkvfcsKyfawGudk olwdk@

awGu ausmif;olukdppfar;&mrS q&m&J@rk'drf;r_u ay:aygufcJhjyD;

jrefrmtpm;tpmESifh tjcm;pm;aomufukefrsm;ukd aps;ESKef;csKdompGmjzifh &&SdEkdifygonf/

12345678901234567890123 ,mbufrS OD;aqmifaom oHtrwf 3OD;bk&ifxHa&mufvm=u

G &f mtjzmjzm pmtkyw

Sd #if &cdik jf ynforl sm;ESihf vufxyf

'kuQonf avSsmufxm;r_ jrefrm

a':atmi fqef;pk=unfESi fha&S@ae=um; ckdif;r_ rjyKEkdifatmif AGD'D,dkuifr&mrSwfwrf;wif oGm;rnfvkd@

wjcm; ta=umi f;t&m rSm tr_awG&@J 75&mckid Ef e_ ;f u ,Ofwu dk rf a_ wG omjzpfjyD;/ w&m;&k;H

ywf =unfh&_olOD;a& wdk;wufvsuf&Sdonf? awmiftmz&duEdkifiH

kd nfh trnfjzifh abmvH;k tzG@J csKyf wnfaxmif

tzGJ@csKyfonf tmz&duabmvHk;tzGJ@csKyfudk pwifwnfaxmif

d yf if cHc&hJ onf? vljzLrsm;csn;f om +ydKify0JG ifrnft h pD

H iG f yxrqH;k tajc csaexdik f

axGa&G;aumufyGJjyKvkyfcJhonf? rif'Jvm;. ANCygwDonf

pkpkaygif;rJta&twGuf. (60&mckdifE_ef;)&&Sdum EdkifiHordkif;Y

&cki d jf ynfe,fwi G f vlaygif; 67a,muf ao

bl;oD;awmifESifharmif;awm=um; vrf;r}uD;udk tpdk;

“t&rf;xdwfvef@p&m aumif;cJhygw,f? jzpf&yfu ESpfrd

pmrsuf E S m 28ok d @ pmrsuf E S m 26ok d @

awmf0if rdom;pkudk,fpm; axmufyHhulnD&ef wm0ef,lxm; ol awmiftmz&du &Jwyfz@JG u "m;jywdu k rf t

vnf; wdu k w f eG ;f ajym=um;cJo

uvnf; SBS&kyfoHrS tzGJ@0ifwpfOD;onf *sKd[efpfbwf +rdK@&Sd

þ&k d [ if * sm *sme,f j zpf a jrmuf a &;twG u f aiG a Mu;axmuf y H h v k d o l r sm; &S d y gu

azmfvefwdk@ *dk;oGif;raocsmvdk@ aemufxyf*dk;r&bJ wpfzufwpf

auADwdkAmwdk@tm; tEdkif&&êdcJh+yD; aemufqHk;AdkvfvkyGJodk@ wuf

tDwvDtoif; tkyfpkr SxGuf&jcif;rSm cJv

-jrefrmtpm; pm;aomufvo dk rl sm;twGuf oef &h iS ;f vwfqwfjy;D

stpm;tpm/ pmtk y f * sme,f r sm; pk H p k H v if v if &&S d E k d i f y gonf ?

(Shinokubo Branch) Tel: 03-5338-4391

(Takadanobaba Branch) Tel: 03-5937-9630

You might also like

&kd[ifsma&;&m vlrSKpD;yGm;owif;sme,f The Rohingya Journal

azmfvefwdk@ dk;oGif;raocsmvdk@ aemufxyfdk;r&bJ wpfzufwpf