VOWEL SIGNS These are signs placed on the side of, on top of, or under a Hebrew letter to indicate pronunciation. Pronunciation Transliteration Examples: @ (asinfather) | aval, agas 38 aN |e (asinpet) sefer 70 °d ey (as in hey) beytsim | oy? o/790 e (asin red) degel, le'echol | S428 ,937 o/770 i (es fig) ani NY | + * hn 7 °o © (asin lord) boker apa pia | | g © (as in lord) oniya TDN 1/0 u (as in put) muzman | 1eTD, tpt “short | Oo Snot? teris on : {asin the) Note: 1 is used in place of a Hebrew letter. In modern Hebrew, this is not pronounced as a vowel in most cases.NUMERICAL VALUES OF HEBREW LETTERS Each letter of the Hebrew alphabet has a numerical value. Calendar dates and numbers may be written in the form of Hebrew letters. Letter | Number Letter | Number Letter | Number Letter | Number x 1 . 10 P 100 ’® | 1000 2 2 > | 20 1 | 200 3 | 2000 a 3 4 | 30 v 300 3 | 3000 1 4 D 40 n | 400 7 | 4000 a | & 3 50 pn | 500 va | 5000 r[ 6 | o|[ « vn | 600 "| 6000 t 7 | y 70 wn | 700 'y | 7000 nis |». | 6 nn | 600 ’m | 8000 b 9 | x | 99 p7nn| 900 y | 9000 8 (Thatis 8”) 2 (Thatis 3”) 2 (Thatis ¥”D) The number 11 would be expressed as > + The number 12 would be expressedas % + The number 23 would be expressedas 3 + Other examples are: nvp=28 n"7=35 4]=53 2”D=62 The quotation marks (”) are used to distinguish between numerals and ‘sgular words and are placed before the last letter of a numeral combination. Note: Tne numbers 15 and 16 would logically form part of the Divine Name. Therefore we express 15 not as 10+ 5 (? + 7), butas9+6(0 +1= 1D). Similarly, 16 is expressed not as 10+6(° +1),butas9+7(U +7= T”v). Calendar Dates Question: ow would we express the Hebrew year 1”2WN as a numeral? Answer: numerical value of 1/2WN is 400 (n) + 300 (w) + 40 (79) +8 (N) = 748 culate the Hebrew date, add 5000 to this value. ~>erefore, M’” WN is the Hebrew year 5748, t yourself by turning to p. 83.