HIV/AIDS

&
AYURVEDA

Dr. Vikas Saroch

 INTRODUCTION
• Human Immuno deficiency Virus causes AIDS
• Present across the world
• Affecting human race like wild fire
• Life threatening disease
• Affecting the stability
• Leads to deeper financial crisis

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 HISTORY

• Originated in non-human primates in sub-

Saharan Africa
• Transferred to humans late in the 19th or early
in the 20th century.
• AIDS was first clinically observed between late
1980 and early 1981.
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 Conti…

• Group of five men showed symptoms of Pneumocystis

carinii pneumonia (PCP)
• Another set of men developed a rare skin cancer
called Kaposi’s sarcoma (KP).
• After recognizing a pattern of anomalous symptoms
presenting themselves in patients named the
condition Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS).
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 Conti….
• In 1983, two separate research groups led
by Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier
independently declared that a novel retrovirus
HIV infecting AIDS.
• May have its existence since VEDIC period
under the heading of Jayanya.

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 SEVERITY
• "It is estimated that by the end of 20th century
there were 40 million people infected with HIV
all over the world.
• India has been leading with highest number of
cases (ranging from 10-20 million).
• We may not be a direct victim but will definitely
be affected indirectly by it.
• Hence it is a duty of every citizen of India to have
detailed knowledge about this disease.

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 HIV VIRUS
• Tiniest living being
• 1000 times smaller than the
thickness of hair
• Posses one type of nucleic acid
(DNA / RNA)
• To grow use host cells and multiply
• Family – Reteroviridae
• Sub Family – Lenti viruses
• Convert RNA to DNA (Basic Genetic
Material) with help of enzyme
Reverse Transcriptase
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 STRUCTURE OF HIV

• 2 types are identified

• HIV - 1 and HIV – 2
• In Western Countries,
Asia , Australia
• In Western Africa HIV – 2
• Closely related to
retrovirus of monkey SIV
(Simian Immuno
Deficiency Virus )
• HIV – 2 recorded in India
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 MODE OF TRANSMISSION
1. Sexual intercourse
a) Anal ,Vaginal ,Oral Route with Infected Person
b) Men to Men
c) Men to Women
d) Women to Men
2. Transfusion Of Blood
3. Contaminated needless and syringes
4. Organ and tissue donations
5. Mother to child
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INVASION OF HIV ON IMMUNE SYSTEM

• Infects the entire immune system

• Specially T cells / T 4 cells or CD 4
• HIV virus can evade antibodies
• Antibodies unable to reach and neutralized
the viral effect
• HIV virus replication is faster than immune
mechanism
• Depletion of CD 4 lymphocytes
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 TARGET OF HIV INFECTION
• CD 4 and T- Lymphocytes
• CD 4 and Monocytes , Macrophages ,including
Microglia
• CD 4 and Dendrite cells ,Langerhans Cells
,Payer’s Patches and Galactosyl in Brain and
Gut
• CD 8 and cytotoxic T cells – Help to clear load
of HIV Virus but fail to eradicate

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 EXPECTED HISTORY OF HIV INFECTION

• Primary infection (Seroconversion)

• Early Stage (Asymptomatic Phase)

• AIDS (Intermediate Stage)

• Late Stage Of HIV Infection

* As per WHO
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 PRIMARY INFECTION (SEROCONVERSION)

• Time gap between exposure and response (2

months)
• May vary on mode of transmission
 CLINICAL FEATURES
a. Acute febrile myalgic illness
b. Oral and oesophageal ulceration
c. Mauco-popular rash
d. Generalised lymphodenopathy

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 EARLY STAGE (ASYMPTOMATIC PHASE)

• Silent stage
• Symptoms are mild and unbearable
 CLINICAL FEATURES
• Generalised lymphodenopathy
• Irregular fever
• Hyper sensitivity reaction

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 AIDS (Intermediate Stage)

• Drop off in CD 4 count

• Become easier to isolate HIV from blood
circulation
 CLINICAL FEATURES
• Infection with pnemococcus ,
shigella,salmonella or homophilus
• Herpes zoster
• Kaposi’s sarcoma
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 LATE STAGE OF HIV INFECTION

• Profound immune deficiency

• CD 4 and lymphocytes falls
 CLINICAL FEATURES
• Pneumonia
• Tuberculosis
• Candidiasis oral and oesophageal
• Herpe’s simplex and virus infection
• Gastro intestinal
• Neurological
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 AIDS
• DEFINITION:

Any sign or symptom of a acquired cellular

immunodeficiency in a person having
confirmatory serological and/or viral evidence
of infection with HIV.

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 INVESTIGATION
• Diagnosed by blood tests
• Antibody tests
• RNA tests
• Combination test that detects both antibodies
• ELISA
• Western Blot

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 WINDOW PERIOD
• Initial antibody test is negative, a repeat test
should be performed 3 months later.
• Takes some time for the immune system to
produce enough antibodies for the antibody test
to turn positive.
• May last six weeks to 3 months following
infection.
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 PROGNOSIS
• Average survival rate after full blown AIDS is 18-24
months, by which time 90% of the patients would
die.
• 25-30% develop clinical illness after 5yrs of
Infection.
• By 10yrs, 40-50%may become symptomatic.
• Almost 90% will develop AIDS at the end of 20yrs
of HIV infection.
• Other co-factors like repeated STD, infections, etc.
will modify the rate of prognosis.
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 IN
AYURVEDA

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 DIFFERENCE OF OPINION

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• KSHAYA/ SHOSHA (RAJ YAKASHMA)

• OJA VIKARA

- KSHAYA

- VISRAMSA

- VYAPAT
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 VYAVAYVA SHOSHA
• Explained in Sushruta Samhita, Uttar tantra
41/21, In Shosha Pratisheda Adhayaya.
• Vyavaaya, Shoka, Vyayama, Adhvagamana,
Upavasa, Etc.
• Exhibit lakshanas of Shukra Kshaya, with
Pandudeha (Pale body)
• Pratiloma dhatu kshaya.
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 AIDS RAJ YAKASHMA

• Cough • Kasa
• Fever • Jwara
• Diarrhoea • Atisara
• Headache • Shira shoola
• Vomitting • Chardi
• Oral ulceration • Swara bheda
• Weight loss • Parsva shoola
• Dyspnoea
• Aruchi
• Nausea
• Swasa
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 OJAS

• Essence of Rasadi dhatus and responsible for

Bala or Vyadhi kshamatwa of the individual
• Protects body from manifestation of any
disease complex
• Immune system

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 QUALITIES

“Ojah somaatmakam seetam snigdham suklam

sthiramsaram
Viviktam mridu mrisnam cha pranaayatana
muttamam”
-Su.sutra 15

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 OJO VIKRITI
Its of three types

1. Ojo Visramsa
2. Ojo Vyapat
3. Ojo Kshaya

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 PRINCIPLE IN MANAGEMENT
OF AIDS.

• Prevention Is Better Than Cure

• To give symptomatic relief

• To improve general condition

• To improve quality of health
• Rehabilitation

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 A. SYMPTOMATIC RELIEF

• Fever Guduchi
• Diarrhea Bilva
• Weight Loss Ashwaganda
• Malaise Shankapushpi
• Tuberculosis, Amalaki, Pippali
Cancer

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B. IMPROVE GENERAL CONDITION

• Deha Bala (enhancing immunity)

• Satva-Bala (Moral Support)

• Agni Bala

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 C. IMPROVE QUALITY OF HEALTH

• Sex education

• Imparting knowledge of Achaar

rasayan/Sadvritta
• Imparting knowledge of disease.

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 D. REHABILITATION
• Renewal of life style of patient from morning
till evening.
Includes-
• Environmental Adaptation
• To Remove Stress

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 RASAYANA

• Helps in prevention of Ojo Vikriti

• Improves Bala of an Individual and in turn

promotes Vyadhikshamatwa
• Rasayana Dravyas are immuno-modulatory in
action

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 Conti…
• Amalaki Rasayana
• Vardhamana Pippali Rasayana
• Aswaganda Rasayana
• Bhallataka Rasayana

• Shilajatu Rasayana
• Gandhaka Rasayana
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 IMMUNO-MODULATORY HERBS
Amalaki
Guduchi
Guggulu
Yastimadhu
Shankapushpi
Jatamamsi
Haritaki
Aswagandha, Etc
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 ACHARA RASAYANA
• Promotes mental, physical, spiritual, and social
status of an individual.
• Helpful to avoid stress and strain

• Helps in attaining mental peace, confidence, and

courage
• HIV virus will be more active when patient is
mentally depressed.
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 CONCLUSION
• One of the Immuno-deficiency syndrome
• Makes an individual to suffer both physically and mentally.
• Silent killer
• Complete cure is difficult due to association of many systems.
• Society isolate the person- HIV virus is more active in
depression
• Moral support is very important

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 REFERENCES
• Susruta samhita,
• Charaka samhita,
• Text Book of Pathology-H.Mohan
• Text Book of Medicine-API
• Kayachikitsa vol-2, Dr. S. Babu
• www.who.org
• www.hiv-aids.org
• www.currentscience.com
• www.scribd.com
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 THANK YOU
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