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193
lela gafrindaSvili
qarTuli feminizmi, Tu feminizmisaqarTveloSi?
mkvlevarisTvis, romelic saqarTveloSi qalTa sakiTxis Seswav-las gadawyvets, aucilebelia provokaciuli biZgi, romelic missuliskveTebas warmarTavs da rasac misi moTmineba daemyareba,radgan aseTi refleqsiisTvis saWiro analitikuri masala Zaliancotaa, xolo gasaanalizebels ki TviTon unda miwvdes da miagnosracionalur-intuiciuri gzebiT. garda amisa, mas mouwevs xan-grZlivi da Sromatevadi muSaoba TiToeuli qalis istoriis dasa-werad an gadasawerad, radgan yovel jerze aRmoaCens, rom is, racCven viciT maT Sesaxeb, ar aris is, rac maT surdaT, rom gvcodno-da. garda amisa, mkvlevari gadaawydeba sruliad ucnob qalebsac,romlebic ki ar daiviwyes, aramed uaryves, rogorc ucxo, daman-greveli da saSiSi.Cemi kvleviTi samuSaosaTvis ori mTavari biZgi arsebobda: erTi– XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi dawyebuli diskusiebi qalTa sakiTxze,romelTa umravlesobas warmarTavda uSoresi warsulis aCrdile-bi: yvela ixsenebda wminda ninos, Tamar mefes da aforizms „lekvilomisa sworia...“ amitom davinteresdi, mepasuxa kiTxvebze: ratomgvaxsovs aqtualurad warsuli, romelic ukve sociumze gavlenasveRar axdens? da sad iyvnen qalebi Cvens axlo warsulSi?meore, ramac Cemi interesi warmarTa, iyo amerikeli mkvlevarisriCard staitsis naSromi „qalTa ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobaruseTSi“, sadac avtori 1860-1930 wlebis periods exeba da ratom-Rac laparakobs ruseTze da ara ruseTis imperiaze. swored am Sec-domis gamo (imedi maqvs _ uneblie) Tanamedrove dasavleli mkvle-varebisTvis warmoudgenelia, rom SeiZleba arsebobdes qalTa sa-kiTxis qarTuli konteqsti da rom Tu aseTi ram mainc aris, igi au-cileblad ruseTisgan iqneba davalebuli.Tavidanve naTeli iyo, rom qarTuli feministuri diskursis re/dekonstruqciamde saWiro iyo saazrovno konstruqciis Seqmna, qa-lis/qaluris reprezentacia, anu
Her-story
-is dawera, romelic
He-story
-s Seavsebda da samarTlianobas aRadgenda, rogorc socio-kulturulis, aseve politikuris Sesaxeb Cveni da sxvebis codnissferoSi.„qalTa sakiTxis“ problematizacia saqarTveloSi XIX saukunis50-iani wlebidan iwyeba, roca sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis karib-
 
194
WeebTan ojaxuri myudroebidan gamosuli qalebis pirveli gabe-duli moZraoba daiwyo. amas daemata dasavleTidan ganmanaTleb-lobis periodis ideebis Semosvla, romelTaganac Tanasworobisidea erT-erTi centraluria.umTavresi roli racionalizaciis sakiTxSi iTamaSa orma naS-romma _ hariet teiloris „qalTa ganTavisuflebam“ da fani le-vardis wignma „germanel qalTa sasargeblod da winaaRmdeg“, rom-lebic 60-70-ian wlebSi iTargmna. am gamocemebma qalTa saganmanaT-leblo aqtiuroba, maTi qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrce-lebeli sazogadoebis (1879-1927) saqmianobaSi Cabma da saqaleboskolebis gaxsnisaTvis zrunva gamoiwvia.magram qalebi aq pirvel winaaRmdegobasac waawydnen, rasacaprotestebs kidec ekaterine gabaSvili:`me gamakvirva mxolod iman, rom Tormetidgan dawyebuliTiTqmis xuT saaTamde iyo cxare baasi sazogadoebis fulismoxmarebazed wera-kiTxvis gavrcelebisaTvis da aravis ima-zed xma ar amouRia, es Rvawli marto vaJebis saswavleblebsda imaT ganaTlebas unda ekuTvnodes, Tu qalebsac unda hqon-deT rame monawileoba. marTlac gasakviria, rogor erTs ansazogadoebis wevrs an sazogadoebis mmarTvelebs fiqradacar mouvidaT qalebis bedis gaxsenebac. gana cudi iqneboda,rogorc baTumisa da Tbilisis Skolebze laparakoben, esecgadaewyvitnaT, rom yvela Skola saqal-vaJo yofiliyo?.. war-sulis kviris krebaSi viyaviT ramdenime qali da verc erTmaCvenTaganma ver movaxerxeT xmis amoReba qalebis gamosasar-Cleblad. ratom? imitom, rom SevkrTiT, ver gavbedeT xma-maRla gamogveTqva Cveni azri, ara varT qalebi SeCveuli sa-zogado saqmeebSi monawileobis miRebas. imedi gvaqvs, saqar-Tvelos wera-kiTxvis sazogadoeba miiRebs mxedvelobaSi amazrs da SemdegisTvis miscems Ronis-Ziebas qarTvel qalebsTavis deda-enis Seswavlisas; vgonebT, saqmiTac male gamoC-ndes, rom es sazogadoebis zrunva usargebloT ar Caivlis~.am werilisa da sxva mravali protestis miuxedavad, qalTa ganaT-lebisaTvis fuli ar gamoiZebna. amitom, maT gadawyvites SeeqmnaTskola, romelic Tavsac Seinaxavda da ganaTlebasac miscemda go-gonebs. swored aseTi iyo 1897-1922 wlebSi momuSave qalTa axaliprofesiuli skola, romlis gamgeobaSi iyvnen ekaterine gabaSvili,olRa guramiSvili, ekaterine furcelaZe, olRa aRlaZe da sxvebi.naTargmnma literaturam da qalTa sakiTxis aqtualizebam na-Teli gaxada am Temebisadmi qarTuli sazogadoebis damokidebu-lebis logika: Tavidan feministur ideebs mamakacebi farTod uRe-
lela gafrindaSvili
 
 
195
ben kars, sanam asparezze namdvili, cocxali da qmediTi qalebi ga-moCndebodnen. maTi „xilulobis“ momentidan iwyeba qalis goneb-riv SezRudulobasa da uzneobisaken midrekilebaze msjeloba. aka-ki wereTlis erT-erT aseT werils epasuxeba „qali“:vai Tqveni brali sacodavo qalebo, vai Tqveni codva! vercerTs gazeTis nomers ver waikiTxavT, rom Tqvenzed sayvedu-ri ar eweros, arc erTi saaTi ar gava, rom yoveli kuTxidanqvas ar gesroden bralianica da ubralonica; zogierTni imdaskvnazedac misulan Cvenda samwuxarod, rogorc Tavadiakaki wereTeli, rom qalebzed laparaki ar Rirso. me ar dav-malav imas, rom Cveni qalebi sazogadoT ufro uqmi wevrebiarian sazogadoebisa, vinem kacebi. maTSi naxavT zneobiTufro dacemulsac, meWoresac da sxva cudi zneobis mqone-sac; magram vkiTxav me Tavads akaki wereTels, ra mizezia qa-lebis zneobiT ufro dacemisa? es TanSobili Tvisebaa maTi,rom qalebi am mdgomareobaSi arian, Tu sxva ram mizezia?! megabedviT SemiZlia vsTqva, rom TiTon qalebi (dRevandeli Ta-oba, rasakvirvelia) iseTive damnaSave arian TavianT damci-rebaSi, rogorc akaki wereTelia damnaSave imaSi, rom is Ta-vadi wereTelia. risi bralia qalebis damcireba? _ imisi, rommaT ar misces arc ganaTleba, arc ufleba, arc rigiani mi-marTuleba, isev im kacebma, romelnic laparaksac aRar kad-ruloben maTze. ...esec mibrZaneT, vin atyuebs qals, vin aSo-rebs mas ojaxs, qmar-Svils, vin amcirebs mas zneobiT? igivekaci, romelic mas pirSi elaquceba, RmerTi xaro, eubneba damere sicils ayris. gana qals SeuZlia garyvnili Seiqmnes, romkaci ar hyavdes mas moziareT? maSasadame, ratom marto qalshkicxaven ufro garyvnilobisTvis da kacs ara? es imitomxdeba, rom sazogado azrs yovelTvis kacebi Seadgenen damaTi interesia Tavi daimalon da Tavis mwvire ufro susts_ uflebamoxdils sqess gadaaxocon. mospeT, batonebo, qa-lebis damcirebis mizezi da, merwmuneT, Sedegi TavisiT mo-ispoba. gviboZeT Cven is ufleba, is aRzrda, romelic TqvenmigiRiaT da mere vnaxoT, Tu ukan CamogidgebiT. modiT, amxa-naguri xeli mogveciT, ZmuraT SemogvxedeT, adamianaT gvi-caniT da ara Tavis gasarTob nivTad, da maSin, merwmuneT, qa-lebic moaxerxeben TavianTis daniSnulebis asrulebas daaRarc aravis SeezizReba maTze saubari.
qali
yvela am diskusiis bolos ilia WavWavaZe aqveynebs `patara sau-bars”, sadac akanonebs cnebas `dedakaci”, rogorc qalis zogadsa-kacobrio daniSnulebis gamomxatvels:
 
moderni da postmoderni
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