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(1) Peter Lienhardt. Shaikhdoms of Eastern Arabia, edited by Ahmed Al-Shahi, Oxford: Palgrave in association with St Antony's College. 2001, p 115.

(2) Buckingham, J S. Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, Journey from Baghdad by Mount Zagros. London: Henry Colburn, 1829, p.463.

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(1) Captain S. Hennell. Letter to Secret Department, East India Campany, 24 April,1841 in Ahmed Mustafa Abu Hakima. The Modem History of Kuwait 1750-1965, London: Luzac & Company, 1983,pp 177-179.

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(1) Saldanha, J A. The Persian Gulf Precis, Vol I, Selections from the State papers, Bombay, Regarding the East India Company's Connections with the Persian Gulf with a Summary of Events. London: Archives Edition, 1986, p l.

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( 1) Lewis Pelly. Remarks on the Tribes, Trade and Resources Around the Shores of the Persian Gulf, Transactions of Bombay Geographical Society, Vol 17, 1863, P 74, items 131 & 13.

(2) Ibid.

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(2) William Facy and Gillion Grant. Kuwait by the First Photographers, NY:

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(1) Dickson. The Arab of the Desert, pp 53-55.

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(1) Abu-Hakima. The Modem History of Kuwait 1750-1965, pp 93-94.

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1758. prijolltrJ {JJ,lgbt '10 l;~ cet off." Thi~ was a (ufficil"nt hint ro t1ll" officer

1.....-y--I who took c3,re, to fee the bloody acl:· perpetrated without, delay. No[hill~ mort than gIVIng, the above anfwcr, could ev~r be proved ag~il1fl: tile, genera!, though he afterwards was ~ccurcd of being the principal aaQr in ~hi.~ horn~l. butch~ry, and was accordingly removed from his government, and .irnpriloued, tiil death fer him free.

On Fl'iday the 14th of .dpril, to om great fatisfuCl:ion, the Ftll!Ud returned from Grone, an~ brooghr ~he longexpected Arab. He behaved nry complal(andy, affurrng U~ of '"lIS bell .affilbnce, and how ready he was to acccmplIny, lIS_ ,to AllppO. He rbougbt It his dury !lOwever, he f.'1id,to acquaint .us, [I):1.t If. we undertook our Journq at rhis time, we fhoul.d r~1I great rifle ot .belng infulced by the rribe of a powerful nelghbo\lfllJg SZ,eick., who ·havlng l qcarre l among rhemfelves, were underno for.t of regulsricn : [hat two perfons had been lately 'attacked by them. one o:f wl~rl1; wcJi known by rhe Baron, was mortally wounded. He added, tine this day _:NOlS the Ieventb of the MOOIl, and by letters received from dJffe.r.en~ place, It :lppe.3r~d, that the! greac Cemoan for Aftppa W9\11~1' be near r:;r(lill on rhecwenrierh, whe~ [he camels ~roJ11 this bn- place .were to join it; that .if WI:': cbofe to travel In company with them, we might do it wirb much more fafery a~d convenience, than ill a Iinaller party; that the Caravall wQ.·uld Ge .only thirty days in going from Gr<1-nt to. A/~po, and w.ouhl cpn_fiO: of five rhoufand camels and a thouf,wd men. Th~ whole of this inrellisence was of t'?o plearlng a narur~ ~o admit of our continuing long in (ur;nce; w~ l1nammollfly. aweed ro Jam rh,e Caravan, The Sluick feemed delighted with ~ur determination, and advired us to leave Karte on rhe fifteenth rbcr we might get to Grall.t in proper time; :lffl1ring us, that he hirnJdf would -return back to Gram In a day or two, to get the camels, &{, ready for our ufe.

The Baron: after confuJ~jng w~th the Arab, determined that our baggage lhould confifb of the followlJlg articles. One Bmta/ tent, two Arabian tents 18/Jrab;tlll barkers '. which, one with another, holds about 24 quart bottlcs~ They were ret contain 7'1. bonles of Mndtirt1 wine, 58 of claret, 54_of Manto fhrub, 15 of Arrack, .~ or cy~jer., 240 pounds of bifcuir or rufk, 6 hams, 3° nears tongue"s,. 2 7 plece~ at !h)P beef, [ chefhire cbeefe, 32 pounds of butter, 7. [mall Jars of pickled Sardinia1, 3 quart bonles of oil, 5 of vinegar, '1. bonks of muftnrd, 2. bottles of powdered pepper, 20 pounds of powdered fugal',. 8 I?o\Jnds. of powdered fugar.candy, 12 quart bcnles .of common fyrup clarified With wbires of eggs, '2.8 pounds of .onions,

• The S~,it~ ~lIuded to lives near G,.",u, and i, the molt powerful or all that live iiI tile Dljtn, hlYlng (limy thuufand men u~dcr his command j he neeivc1 6((y {hmJ(~nd crown.

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(I) B J Slot. The Origins of Kuwait, Kuwait: Center for Research and Studies on Kuwait, 1998, p 139.

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(1) Saldanha. The Persian Gulf Precis, p 409.

(2) Abu-Hakima.The Modern History of Kuwait 1750-1965, ppl00-102. (3) Pelly. Remarks on the Tribes, Trade, and Resources, pp 32-112.

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(1) Abu-Hakima. The Modem History of Kuwait 1750-1965, pp 100-101. (2) Saldanha. The Persian Gulf Precis, p 409.

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(2) Ibid, item (129).

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(1) Lewis Pelly. Report on a Journey to Riyadh in Central Arabia, 1865, England:

Oleander Press, pp.8-9.

(2) Abu-Hakima. The Modem History of Kuwait 1750-1965, pp 105-106. (3)Ibid, P 105.

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