Pá¿i Conjugation Active Voice Middle Voice

Active Voice Middle Voice Conditional

Present Indicative Present Indicative 1. Sg. (i)ssaí (i)ssaí
1. Sg. mi í 1. Sg. e 2. Sg. (i)ssasi (i)ssa (i)sse (i)ssase
2. Sg. si 2. Sg. se 3. Sg. (i)ssa (i)ssati (i)ssá (i)ssatha
3. Sg. ti 3. Sg. te 1. Pl. (i)issáma (i)ssamhá (i)ssamhase (i)ssámhase
1. Pl. ma 1. Pl. mhe mahe mha mase mhase 2. Pl. (i)ssatha (i)ssavhe
2. Pl. tha 2. Pl. vhe 3. Pl. (i)ssaísu (i)ssiísu
3. Pl. (a)nti 3. Pl. (a)nte re
Root Aorist (Type 1)
Imperative Imperative
1. Sg. í
1. Sg. mi 1. Sg. e
2. Sg. o á
2. Sg. a (= stem), hi 2. Sg. ssu
3. Sg. á tha ttha
3. Sg. tu 3. Sg. taí
1. Pl. mhá mha
1. Pl. ma mu 1. Pl. (á)mase mhase
2. Pl. ttha
2. Pl. tha 2. Pl. vho
3. Pl. ú u uí
3. Pl. (a)ntu 3. Pl. (a)ntaí ruí
Optative Optative a- Aorist (Type 2)
1. Sg. eyyaí e eyyámi 1. Sg. eyyaí 1.Sg. aí a á aí
2. Sg. eyyási e eyya 2. Sg. etho 2.Sg. o a á asi se á
3. Sg. eyya e eyyati 3. Sg. etha 3.Sg. á a tha ttha
1. Pl. eyyáma ema emu emasi 1. Pl. emase eyyámhe 1. Pl. áma amhá amha mhase mase mhasa mhe
2. Pl. eyyátha etha 2. Pl. eyyavho 2. Pl. attha atha vhaí
3. Pl. eyyuí eyyu 3. Pl. eraí 3. Pl. uí ísu u ú e ruí tthuí ú
Future Future
s-Aorist (Type 3)
1. Sg. (i)ssámi hámi 1. Sg. (i)ssaí
1.Sg. sií thaí
2. Sg. (i)ssasi hisi hasi 2. Sg. (i)ssase
2.Sg. si
3. Sg. (i)ssati (i)hiti hati 3. Sg. (i)ssate
3.Sg. si tha
1. Pl. (i)issáma háma 1. Pl. (i)ssámase (i)ssamhe (i)ssámhe
1. Pl. simha mha simhá
2. Pl. (i)ssatha hatha 2. Pl. (i)ssavhe
2. Pl. sittha ttha
3. Pl. (i)ssanti hinti hanti 3. Pl. (i)ssare (i)ssante
3. Pl. suí ísu siísu sisuí
Primary Suffixes Secondary Suffixes
Absolutive: 1. (i)tvá, (i)tvána, Abstract: a, ka, tta(í), ttana, tá, ya, i-Aorist (Type 4)
ttá. 2. (i)ya, (i)yana, (i)cca. 3. eyya. 1.Sg. ií isaí issa issaí
(i)tuye, (i)túna, tu(í). 4. Action-noun: ana (aóa), a, ti, ta, tta, 2.Sg. i ì ittho
(óamul:) aí, ií, akaí. tá. 3.Sg. i ittha
Active Present Participle: í, Agent-noun: (i)tá/(i)tar, ì/in, 1. Pl. imha imhá imhe
nt, nta, mána, ána, ana. ávì/ávin, aka/ika. 2. Pl. ittha ivho
Future Middle Participle: Comparative: tara, ìya, (i)yya, 3. Pl. iísu isuí uí
(i)ssant, (i)ssamána. issika, iþþha; tama (= superlative).
Prefixes (intens. = intensifier, neg. = negative.)
Causative: e, aya, pe, paya, Connective: a, ika, aka (also
a: non-; neg., expresses absence. ati: on, further, beyond,
ápaya, ápe. diminutive and pleonastic and
across, up to, over, past, very (much); intens. adhi (= ajjh-
Denominative: áya, aya, e, a, adjectival), ìna, tá (= collective). before vowel): (on)to, toward, over, above, (up)on, superior
ya, iya, ìya. Numerical: khattuí (times); dhá to, at, in, great; intens. anu: after, along, near to, according to,
Desiderative: kha, cha, sa (fold); ma, ì, tiya, ttha, þþha less than, each. apa: off, away (from), forth; can express hurt,
(root redupl.). (ordinal); so (distributive), guóa devaluation, reverence. pi: to(wards), on (to), over, close
Future Passive Participle: 1. (multiple); aya, ka (collection). upon. abhi: to(wards), on (to), over, facing, against; intens.,
(i)tabba. 2. anìya, aniya, Pronominal: so, to (abl. adv.); aí may express reverence, particularity. ava/o: down, (be)low,
aneyya, aniyya. 3. (i)ya, eyya, (acc. adv.) thá, (t)thaí (manner); off, away, back, aside, little, less; neg. & diminutive. á: at,
(i)cca. 4. táya, tayya, teyya. tra, ttha, haí, hií, dhi (place); dá, (near) to, until, away, as far as, all round; intens. ud:
Future Active Participle: esin. dáni, dácanaí, rahi, dhuná, jja, jju up(wards), above, forth, out, away. upa: (un)to, (up)on,
Infinitive: 1. (i)tuí. 2. tave. (time); tana (adj.). to(wards), near, with, as, like, up to; intens. & diminutive;
3.(i)tuye. 4. (i)táye, tase. 5. Patronymical: a, aya, áyana, ána, opposite of apa. du(r): wrong, bad, perverse, apart; opposite of
(an)áya (dat.). eyya, era, ya, ava. su. ni(r): (with)out, forth, down(wards) in (to), under; neg.
Intensive: a, ya (root redupl.) Possessive: a, ála, álu, ava, ita, ika, pa: onward, forward to, forth, out; intens. pati/paþi: again(st),
Past Participle: (i)ta, na, tta, ima, ì/in, iya, ila, eyya, eyyaka, back to, opposite, reverse, in return, to(wards), near(by). pará:
(þ)þha, (t)ávin, (ta)vant. mant, vant, vì/vin. onto, over, away, back, opposed to, aside, beyond, through.
pari: (all) around, (all) about, all over, completely; intens. vi:
Passive Past Participle: 1. ya,
asunder, apart, away, (with)out, separation, distinction,
yya. 2. iya, ìya, iyya. Conjugation signs
reversion, expansion; intens. & neg. saí: with, along,
1: a+; 2: a (í inserted after root-
together, fully, nearby, completely; intens. opposite of vi. su:
This table can be freely copied for vowel); 3: ya, 4: óu, óo; 6: óhá; 7: o, well, happily, thorough; intens.; opp. of du(r).
personal non-commercial use. u (= middle voice); 8: e, aya+.
2008 Bhikkhu Ñáóatusita. Vowel Gradation
(+ = guóa or vuddhi in root-vowel)
Kandy. Avuddhi: (zero) Guóa: (+ a) Vuddhi: (+ a + a)
Italics indicate rare forms. (a) / – a á
i ì y ² / ay áy /÷
u ú v ´/ av áv /õ