Mendelian Genetics

• The appearance of an individual is derived

from the cell divisions we just described
• Traits are maintained in the organism through
mitosis
• They are transmitted from parent to offspring
through meiosis
• When haploid cells are united between couples to
become diploid
• Each parent contributes exactly half their makeup to
their offspring
 Individual Genetics; :Concepts
• Traits are inherited through the chromosomes and
their constituent genes
• The genetic composition of a trait is known as a
genotype
• A phenotype is a trait of a genotype that is visible or
otherwise observable and can be measured
• Homozygous traits are those with two identical
alleles in a gene pair
• Heterozygous traits are those with two different
alleles in a gene pair
Individual Genetics: When Genotypes
Become Phenotypes
• A dominant allele is one whose trait appears
in both homozygous heterozygous
combination
• A recessive allele is one whose trait appears
only in homozygous combination.
• A codominant allele is one whose trait reflects
the genetic combination of two different
alleles
• Punnett squares illustrate how these
principles work