Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Source: Anti-
Apartheid
Movement
Archives, Bodleian
Library, Oxford
University
The Peoples English
(South Africa)
Redefining linguistic competence
[T]he nature of the mental representations
comprising the internal grammar of learners
(Ortega 2009, 110)
Source: Darvin
and Norton 2015
Situated research questions
1. How are opportunities for immigrant
women in Canada to practice English
socially structured outside the
classroom?
2. How do immigrant women create,
use, or resist opportunities to
practice outside the classroom?
3. Can theories of natural language
learning and social identity
contribute to knowledge about SLA
and influence pedagogy? (1996, 1314)
Methodology
Primary data sources
Five female ELLs Mai (Vietnam), Eva and
Katarina (Poland), Martina (Czech
Republic), and Felicia (Peru) keep diaries
of interactions with Anglophone
Canadians over one year
Additional data sources
Questionnaires, interviews, and home
visits with attention to natural language
learning experiences (1996, 14)
Immigrant women in Canada