MEDICAL SURGICAL 1

GROUP 2

-THROMBOCYTOPENIA-
(low platelet count)
 DEFINATION

 Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal drop in the

number of blood cells involved in forming blood
clots.

 These cells are called platelets.

 
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

 Thrombocytopenia is a reduction below 150,000

platelets per microliter of blood.

 Trimary hemostatic disorder are characterized by

prolonged bleeding time and the characteristic
physical examination findings are petechiae and
purpura.
 cont…

 defects in secondary hemostasis exhibit delayed

deep bleeding (eg, muscles and joints) and the
characteristic physical examination finding is
hemarthrosis.
  
ETIOLOGY & CAUSES

The causes of acquired disorders include:-

autoimmune disease

increased platelet consumption

Spleenomegaly

marrow suppression
bone marrow failure 
 SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

 Bruising
 prolong bleeding
 Bleeding from gum and epistaxis
 Blood in urine
 Melaena stool
 Unusually heavy menstrual flows
 Profuse bleeding during surgery
 AUTOIMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA’S -
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

o ITP is caused by auto antibodies to platelets.

 These antibodies may be directed toward the viral antigens

and then cross-react with platelet antigens.

 These antibodies can also react with the developing

megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, leading to decreased
protection of platelets.
 cont…

 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is

often associated with immune thrombocytopenia in
both adults and children.
 ACUTE IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA
PURPURA (ITP)
 
 It affects both sexes equally and has a peak
incidence in children aged 3-5 years.

 The presence of lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly

other secondary causes of thrombocytopenia.
 CHRONIC IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC
PURPURA (ITP)

 chronic ITP is more common in females than in

males.

 Reflection of the increased thrombopoietin -

induced stimulation of bone marrow.
 TEST & DIAGNOSIS
• Blood test. A complete blood count determines the
number of blood cells, including platelets, in a
sample of your blood..
• Physical exam. To look for signs of bleeding, such as
excessive bruising or petechiae. Your doctor may
also feel your abdomen to see if your spleen is
enlarged.
 TREATMENT 2
Treatments for more severe thrombocytopenia 
Treating thrombocytopenia may involve several options:

 Treating the underlying cause of thrombocytopenia. If your doctor can identify a

disease or condition that's causing your thrombocytopenia, treating that cause
may improve your signs and symptoms.

 Blood transfusions. For severe bleeding, your doctor can replace lost blood with
transfusions of packed red blood cells or platelets.

 Treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Treatment for this disease

may include medications that block the antibodies that attack platelets, such as
corticosteroids. If corticosteroids don't help, your doctor may recommend
surgery to remove your spleen (splenectomy) or stronger medications to
suppress your immune system. 
THANK YOU ALL THE REST FOR
YOUR ATTENTION!!!
QU ANY
EST
ION
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