Assemb, Conf, Cisco Devices

Mahesh Parmar CCNA MCSE CNE
Assembling & Cabling

• Upon completion of this part, you will be able
to perform the following tasks:
– Identify and connect the necessary components to enable
connectivity between routers or switches.
– Identify and connect the necessary components to enable
WAN connectivity over serial or ISDN BRI connections.
– Set up console connections among routers, switches, and a
terminal.
– Document the physical topology, including cable types
and cable locations, of each internetworking device.

Cabling The Campus
Legend
Fast Ethernet/
Ethernet
ISDN
Dedicated
Core
Server
core_sw_a
Leased Line/
ISDN Cloud Frame Relay

Physical Layer Implementation
Of LAN
• Physical layer implementations vary.
• Some implementations support multiple
physical media.
DataLink
(MAC Layer) 802.3
Ethernet
100baseFX
100baseTX
100baseT4
10Base2
10Base5
10BaseT
10BaseF
Physical
DIX 802.3 Specifications 802.3u Specifications

Standard for 10Mbps Ethernet for 100Mbps (Fast)
Mahesh Parmar CCNA MCSE CNE Ethernet
Usage Of Different Cable types
Ethernet 10BaseT Fast Ethernet
Position Position
Access
Access Provides connectivity Gives highperformance PC and
Layer
Layer between the enduser workstations 100Mbps access to the
device and the access server.
switch.
Distribution
Distribution Not typically used at this Provides connectivity between access
Layer
Layer layer. and distribution layers. Provides
connectivity from the distribution to
core layer. Provides connectivity from
the server block to the core layer.
Core Layer Not typically used at this Provides interswitch connectivity.
Core Layer layer.

Comparing Different Media
Requirements
10Base5 10BaseT 100BaseTX 100BaseFX
50ohm EIA/TIA Cat EIA/TIA Cat 62.5/125

Media 3, 4, 5 UTP 5 UTP micron multi
coax (thick)
2 pair 2 pair mode fiber
Maximum
Segment 500 meters 100 meters 100 meters 400 meters
Length
Topology Bus Star Star Pointtopoint

Duplex media
ISO 8877 ISO 8877 interface
Connector AUI connector
(RJ45) (RJ45)
(MIC) ST

Different Connection Types
ISO 8877 (RJ45)
connectors and jacks
are slightly larger than
RJ11 phone AUI connectors
connectors and jacks. are DB15.
Fiber Connector Port

The UTP RJ-45 Connector
Wire Pair:
T is Tip
Pin R is Ring
1 Pair 3 T2
2 Pair 3 R2
1
3 Pair 2 T3
4 Pair 1 R1
8 5 Pair 1 T1
6 Pair 2 R3
7 Pair 4 T4
The RJ45 Connector 8 Pair 4 R4

Straight Through Connection
Cable 10BaseT/
StraightThrough Cable
100BaseTX StraightThrough
8 1
Hub/Switch Server/Router
1 8
Pin Label Pin Label
1 8 1 8
1 RD+ 1 TD+
2 RD 2 TD
3 TD+ 3 RD+
4 NC 4 NC
5 NC 5 NC w g w b w o w br w g w b w o w br
g o b br
g o b br
6 TD 6 RD
7 NC 7 NC Wires on cable ends
8 NC 8 NC
are in same order.
Crossover Connection
Cable 10BaseT/
100BaseT Crossover Crossover Cable
Hub/Switch Hub/Switch 8 1
Pin Label Pin Label 1 8
1 RD+ 1 RD+ 8 1 8 1
2 RD 2 RD
3 TD+ 3 TD+
4 NC 4 NC
5 NC 5 NC w ww w
br b o g
br w g w b w o w
6 TD 6 TD br b g o g br o b
7 NC 7 NC
8 NC
Some wires on cable
8 NC
ends are crossed.
Where To Use What

1x
2x
3x
4x
• Use straightthrough when only one port is designated with an “x.”

1x
2x
3x
4x
2x
3x
4x

1x
• Use a crossover cable when BOTH ports are designated with an “x”
or neither port is designated with an “x.”
Cabling The Campus
– Determine the physical media used: 10-Mbps or
100-Mbps.
• Indicates what category of cable is required
– Locating interfaces on the chassis, determine if one
or both ports have an “x.”
• Indicates if you need crossover or straight-through cable
100Mbps
Cat 5
Crossover
10Mbps
Cat 3, 4, 5 10Mbps
10Mbps Crossover Cat 3, 4, 5
Cat 3, 4, 5 StraightThrough
StraightThrough

Cabling The WAN
Legend
Fast Ethernet/
Ethernet
ISDN
Dedicated
ISL
Core
core_sw_b core_sw_b
core_sw_a
Server
Leased Line/
ISDN Cloud Frame Relay

Physical Layer Implementation
In WAN
• Physical layer implementations vary.
• Cable specifications define speed of link.
Frame
HDLC
Relay
PPP
ISDN BRI (with PPP)
EIA/TIA232 RJ45
EIA/TIA449 NOTE: Pinouts are
X.21 V.24 V.35 different from RJ45
HSSI used in campus.

Different Type Of A WAN
Connectors
EndUser Router Connections
Device
DTE
CSU/ DCE
DSU
Service
Provider EIA/TIA232 EIA/TIA449 V.35 X.21 EIA530
What is DTE & DCE
Data Terminal Equipment: Data Communications Equipment:
• End of the user’s device • End of the WAN provider’s
on the WAN link. side of the communication facility.
• Responsible for clocking.
Modem
CSU/DSU
DTE DCE
S S
S
S
S S
DTE DCE DCE DTE
• DTE/DCE—The point where responsibility passes

Interfaces
2500 Router—Rear View
• Serial WAN ports can be fixed.
Modular Interfaces
WAN
• Serial WAN ports can be modular. Interface
Card
Cisco 1603 Router—Rear View
Ethernet 10BaseT Ethernet AUI ISDN BRI S/T Console Module

ISDN Routers
• Determine if you need a BRI S/T or U Interface.
– Routers have one or both types of port.
Note port label.

Point To Note For ISDN Routers
Cisco Router
ISDN BRI Port
!!!WARNING!!!
Do not connect a cable to an ISDN port unless it is
from an ISDN switch or ISDN wall jack.
If you connect a cable from any other device to the BRI
port, you will ruin the nonISDN device.

Setting Up A Console
Connection
Device with Console
– PCs require an RJ-45-to-DB-9 or RJ-45-to-DB-25 adapter.

– COM port settings are 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, 1
stop bit, no flow control.
– This provides out-of-band console access.
– AUX switch port may be used for a modem-connected
console.
Summary
•After completing this chapter, you should be able to
perform the following tasks:
• Identify and connect the necessary components to enable
connectivity between switches and routers.
• Identify and connect the necessary components to enable
WAN connectivity over serial or ISDN BRI connections.
• Set up console connections on routers and switches.

Operations And Configuring
Cisco IOS
• Upon completion of this part, you will be able
– Start up the Catalyst® switch and Cisco
router and observe the bootup processes.
– Provide an initial configuration for the switch
and perform the router’s initial setup configuration.
– Enable and identify the command modes in each network device.
– Use the various help and command-line-editing features of each
device’s user interface.
– Show and recognize fundamental technical details about each
network device.
What Is The IOS Software
• Cisco IOS software delivers network
services and enables networked
applications.
Network Device Configuration
– Configuration sets up the device with:
• Network policy of the functions required.
• Protocol addressing and parameter settings.
• Options for administration and management.
– Catalyst switch memory has initial configuration
with default settings.
– Cisco router will prompt for initial configuration if
there is no configuration
in memory.
What Happens When A Cisco
Device Startup
• Find and check device hardware.
• Find and load Cisco IOS software image.
• Find and apply device configurations.

How To Configure
Telnet
Interfaces
Virtual Terminal
Console Port
TFTP
Auxiliary Port
PC or UNIX Server
• Configurations can come
from many sources. Web or Network
Management
Server
• Configurations will act in
device memory.
User Interface Fundamentals
– A command line interface is used to
enter commands.
– Operations vary on different
internetworking devices.
Cisco
– Users type or paste entries in the IOS
console command modes.
– Enter key instructs device to parse
and execute the command.
– Two primary EXEC modes are user
mode and privileged mode.
– Command modes have distinctive
prompts.
IOS Software EXEC Mode
• There are two main EXEC modes for entering
commands.
First Mode:
User Mode
• Limited examination of switch or router
• Command prompt: hostname>

EXEC Mode (cont.)
Second Mode (and Most Commonly Used):
Privileged (or Enabled) Mode
• Detailed examination of switch or router
• Enables configuration and debugging
• Prerequisite for other configuration modes
• Command prompt: hostname#

Initial Startup Of Catalyst Switch
– System startup routines initiate switch software.

– Initial startup uses default configuration parameters.
1. Before you start the switch,
verify the cabling and console
connection.
2. Attach the power cable plug to
the switch power supply socket.
3. Observe the boot sequence:
– LEDs on the switch chassis.
– Cisco IOS software output text.

LED Indicators

Port Led
1. At the start, all port LEDs are green.

2. Each LED turns off after its test completes.
3. If a test fails, its LED turns amber.
4. System LED turns amber if any test fails.
5. If no test fails, POST completes.
6. On POST completion, LEDs blink,
then turn off.

Initial Bootup Output
Catalyst 1900 Management Console
Copyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998
All rights reserved.
Enterprise Edition Software
Ethernet Address: 00-50-BD-73-E2-C0
PCA Number: 73-3121-01

PCA Serial Number: FAA0252A0QX
Model Number: WS-C1924-EN
System Serial Number: FAA0304S0U3
Power Supply S/N: PHI025101F3
-------------------------------------------------
1 user(s) now active on Management Console.
User Interface Menu Console

Connection
[M] Menus
[K] Command Line
[I] IP Configuration
Enter Selection:

Logging & Enabling Passwords
Console
> UserMode Prompt
> enable
Enter password:
# PrivilegedMode Prompt
# disable

Help Facilities For Commands
ContextSensitive Help Console Error Messages
Provides a list of Identify problems with any
commands and the switch commands that are
arguments associated incorrectly entered so that
with a specific command you can alter or correct them
Command History Buffer
Allows recall of long or
complex commands or
entries for reentry, review, or
correction

Basic Show Commands
Switch#show version
Switch#show running-configuration
Switch#show interfaces
– Displays operational status of switch components

Show Version Command
wg_sw_c#show version
Cisco Catalyst 1900/2820 Enterprise Edition Software

Version V8.01.01 written from 171.068.229.225
Copyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998
wg_sw_c uptime is 15day(s) 21hour(s) 53minute(s) 11second(s)
cisco Catalyst 1900 (486sxl) processor with 2048K/1024K bytes of memory
Hardware board revision is 5
Upgrade Status: No upgrade currently in progress.
Config File Status: No configuration upload/download is in progress
27 Fixed Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
Base Ethernet Address: 00-50-BD-73-E2-C0

Show Running Config
Catalyst 1924 Switch
wg_sw_c#show run
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
hostname "wg_sw_c"
!
ip address 10.1.1.33 255.255.255.0
ip default-gateway 10.3.3.3
!
interface Ethernet 0/1
<text omitted>
interface Ethernet 0/24
!
Interface Ethernet 0/25
!
interface FastEthernet 0/26
!
interface FastEthernet 0/27

Show Interface
wg_sw_c#show interfaces ethernet 0/1
Ethernet 0/1 is Enabled

Hardware is Built-in 10Base-T
Address is 0050.BD73.E2C1
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbits
802.1d STP State: Forwarding Forward Transitions: 1
Port monitoring: Disabled
Unknown unicast flooding: Enabled
Unregistered multicast flooding: Enabled
Description:
Duplex setting: Half duplex
Back pressure: Disabled
--More--

Switch IP Address
wg_sw_a#show ip
IP Address: 10.5.5.11
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 10.5.5.3
Management VLAN: 1
Domain name:
Name server 1: 0.0.0.0
Name server 2: 0.0.0.0
HTTP server : Enabled
HTTP port : 80
RIP : Enabled
wg_sw_a#

Configuring The Switch
• Configuration Modes:
– Global configuration mode
– wg_sw_a# conf term
– wg_sw_a(config)#
– Interface configuration mode
– wg_sw_a(config)# interface e0/1
– wg_sw_a(config-if)#

Switch Identification
Switch Name
(config)#hostname wg_sw_c
wg_sw_c(config)#
– Sets the local identity for the switch

Configuring Switch IP
wg_sw_a(config)#ip address {ip

address} {mask}
Example:
wg_sw_a(config)#ip address 10.5.5.11 255.255.255.0

Initial Router Startup
– System startup routines initiate router software.
– Router falls back to startup alternatives if needed.
Check hardware
1. Before you start the router,
verify the power, cabling, and
Load Bootstrap
console connection.
2. Push the power switch to “on.”
Find and load Cisco IOS

software image
3. Observe the boot sequence:

– Cisco IOS software output
Find and apply router
text appears on the console.
configuration information

Initial Bootup
Console
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]:yes
At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.
Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
Default settings are in square brackets '[ ]'.
wg_ro_c con0 is now available
Press RETURN to get started.
Setup Mode wg_ro_c>
UserMode
Prompt
Unconfigured Versus Configured Router

Setup OR Initial Configuration
Router#setup
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: y
At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.
Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.
Basic management setup configures only enough connectivity

for management of the system, extended setup will ask you
to configure each interface on the system
Would you like to enter basic management setup? [yes/no]: n

Interface Summary
First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]:
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
BRI0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
BRI0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
BRI0:2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Interfaces Found During Startup

Setup Global Parameters
Configuring global parameters:
Enter host name [Router]:wg_ro_c
The enable secret is a password used to protect access to

privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after
entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration.
Enter enable secret: cisco
The enable password is used when you do not specify an

enable secret password, with some older software versions, and
some boot images.
Enter enable password: sanfran
The virtual terminal password is used to protect

access to the router over a network interface.
Enter virtual terminal password: sanjose
Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]:
Initial Global Parameters

Global Parameters (cont.)
Configure LAT? [yes]: n

Configure AppleTalk? [no]:
Configure DECnet? [no]:
Configure IP? [yes]:
Configure IGRP routing? [yes]: n
Configure RIP routing? [no]:
Configure CLNS? [no]:
Configure IPX? [no]:
Configure Vines? [no]:
Configure XNS? [no]:
Configure Apollo? [no]:
Initial Protocol Configurations

Setup Interface Parameters
BRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured
Valid switch types are :
[0] none..........Only if you don't want to configure BRI.
[1] basic-1tr6....1TR6 switch type for Germany
[2] basic-5ess....AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada
[3] basic-dms100..Northern DMS-100 switch type for US/Canada
[4] basic-net3....NET3 switch type for UK and Europe
[5] basic-ni......National ISDN switch type
[6] basic-ts013...TS013 switch type for Australia
[7] ntt...........NTT switch type for Japan
[8] vn3...........VN3 and VN4 switch types for France
Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type [2]:
Configuring interface parameters:
Do you want to configure BRI0 (BRI d-channel) interface? [no]:
Do you want to configure Ethernet0 interface? [no]: y
Configure IP on this interface? [no]: y
IP address for this interface: 10.1.1.33
Subnet mask for this interface [255.0.0.0] : 255.255.255.0
Class A network is 10.0.0.0, 24 subnet bits; mask is /24
Do you want to configure Serial0 interface?

Mahesh Parmar [no]:
CCNA MCSE CNE
Setup Script & Use
The following configuration command script was created:
hostname Routerinterface BRI0

enable secret 5shutdown
$1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0
enable passwordnosanfran
ip address
line vty 0 4 !
password sanjose
interface Ethernet0
no snmp-server no shutdown
! ip address 10.1.1.31 255.255.255.0
no appletalk routing
no mop enabled
no decnet routing
!
ip routing interface Serial0
no clns routingshutdown
no ipx routing no ip address
<text omitted>
no vines routing
no xns routing end
no apollo routing
isdn switch-type
[0]basic-5ess
Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config.
[1] Return back to the setup without saving this config.
[2] Save this configuration to nvram and exit.
Enter yourMahesh
selection
Parmar [2]:
CCNA MCSE CNE
Logging In To The Router
Console
wg_ro_c con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.
wg_ro_c> UserMode Prompt
wg_ro_c>enable
wg_ro_c#
PrivilegedMode Prompt
wg_ro_c#disable
wg_ro_c>
wg_ro_c>logout

User Mode Commands
wg_ro_c>?
Exec commands:
access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry
atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Commands
cd Change current device
clear Reset functions
connect Open a terminal connection
dir List files on given device
disable Turn off privileged commands
disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection
enable Turn on privileged commands
exit Exit from the EXEC
help Description of the interactive help system
lat Open a lat connection
lock Lock the terminal
login Log in as a particular user
logout Exit from the EXEC
-- More --
– You can abbreviate a command to the fewest characters that

make a unique character string.
Privileged Mode Commands
wg_ro_c#?
Exec commands:
access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry
access-profile Apply user-profile to interface
access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry
bfe For manual emergency modes setting
cd Change current directory
clear Reset functions
clock Manage the system clock
configure Enter configuration mode
connect Open a terminal connection
copy Copy from one file to another
debug Debugging functions (see also 'undebug')
delete Delete a file
dir List files on a filesystem
disable Turn off privileged commands
disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection
enable Turn on privileged commands
erase Erase a filesystem
exit Exit from the EXEC
help Description of the interactive help system
-- More --
– You can complete a command string by entering the unique

character string, then pressing the Tab key.
Command Line Help
ContextSensitive Help Console Error Messages
Provides a list of Identify problems with router
commands and the commands that are
arguments associated incorrectly entered so that
with a specific command you can alter or correct them
Command History Buffer
Allows recall of long or
complex commands or
entries for reentry, review, or
correction

Context Sensitive Help
Router# clok
Translating "CLOK"
% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address
Router# cl?
clear clock
Router# clock
• Symbolic Translation
• Command Prompting
% Incomplete command.
• Last Command Recall
Router# clock ?
set Set the time and date
Router# clock set

Router# <Ctrl-P>clock set ?

hh:mm:ss Current Time

Context Sensitive Help (cont.)
Router# clok
Translating "CLOK"
% Unknown command
Router#or computer
clock name,
set or unable to find computer address
19:56:00
Router#
clear Router#
clock clock set 19:56:00 ?
• Command
Router#
<1-31>
MONTH
Day of the month
Month of the year
Prompting
• Syntax Checking
Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 8
• Command
Router# ^
set Set %the time and input
Invalid date detected at the '^' marker
Prompting
Router# Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August
% Incomplete
% command.
Incomplete command.
Router# Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August ?

hh:mm:ss <1993-2035>
Current Time Year

Using Enhanced Editing
Router>Shape the future of internetworking by creating unpreced
Shape the future of internetworking by creating
unprecedented value for customers, employees,
and partners.

Enhanced Editing Commands
Router>$ value for customers, employees, and partners.
(Automatic scrolling of long lines.)
CtrlA Move to the beginning of the command line.
CtrlE Move to the end of the command line.
EscB Move back one word.
EscF Move forward one word.
CtrlB Move back one character.
CtrlF Move forward one character.
CtrlD Delete a single character.

Reviewing Previous Commands
CtrlP or Up Arrow Last (previous) command recall.
CtrlN or Down Arrow More recent command recall.
Router> show history Show command buffer contents.
Router> terminal history size lines Set session command buffer size.

Show Version
wg_ro_a#show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye
Image text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE

BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c),
RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)
wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutes

System restarted by reload
System image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"
(output omitted)
--More--
Configuration register is 0x2102

Viewing The Configuration
RAM NVRAM
Configuration Configuration
IOS
show show
runningconfig startupconfig
Console
Setup Utility
– Setup saves the configuration to NVRAM.

Show Running & Startup
In RAM In NVRAM
wg_ro_c#show running-config wg_ro_c#show startup-config
Building configuration... Using 1359 out of 32762 bytes
!
Current configuration: version 12.0
! !
version 12.0 -- More --
!
-- More --
– Displays the current and saved configuration.

Different Router Modes
• Router>enable
User EXEC Mode
Ctrl-Z (end)
• Privileged EXEC Mode Router#config term
Exit
• Global Configuration Mode Router(config)#
Configuration
Mode Prompt
Interface Router(config-if)#
Subinterface Router(config-subif)#
Controller Router(config-controller)#
Line Router(config-line)#
Router Router(config-router)#
IPX router Router(config-ipx-router)#

Saving Configurations
wg_ro_c#
wg_ro_c#copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration…
wg_ro_c#
– Copies the current configuration to NVRAM

Configuring Router Identification
Router Name
Router(config)#hostname wg_ro_c
wg_ro_c(config)#
MessageoftheDay Banner
wg_ro_c(config)#banner motd #
Accounting Department
You have entered a secured
system. Authorized access
only! #
Interface Description
wg_ro_c(config)#interface ethernet 0
wg_ro_c(config-if)#description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18
– Sets the local identity or message for the accessed

router or interface
Router Passwords
Console Password
Router(config)#line console 0
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#password cisco
Virtual Terminal Password
Router(config)#line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#password sanjose
Enable Password
Router(config)#enable password cisco
Secret Password
Router(config)#enable secret sanfran

Console Line Commands
Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
• Prevents console session timeout
Router(config-line)#logging synchronous
• Redisplays interrupted console input

Configuring Interface
Router(config)#interface type number
Router(config-if)#
• type includes serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi,
loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, and tunnel
• number is used to identify individual interfaces
Router(config)#interface type slot/port

Router(config-if)#
• For modular routers
Router(config-if)#exit
• Quits from current interface configuration mode
Configuring Serial Interface
Router#configure term
•Enter Global Router(config)#
Configuration Mode
Router(config)#interface serial 0
Specify Interface Router(config-if)#
Set Clock Rate
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
(on DCE Interfaces Router(config-if)#
Only)
Set Bandwidth Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64
(Recommended) Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#

Verifying Your Changes
Router#show interface serial 0

Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address
address is
is 10.140.4.2/24
10.140.4.2/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 00:00:09, output 00:00:04, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
(output omitted)

Ethernet Media Type
Router(config)# interface ethernet 2
Router(config-if)# media-type 10baset
• Selects the mediatype connector for the Ethernet
interface

Disabling Or Enabling An
Interface
nfigure term
nfig)#interface serial 0
nfig-if)#shutdown
HANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administratively down
O-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down
• Administratively turns off an interface
r#configure term
r(config)#interface serial 0
r(config-if)#no shutdown
-3-UPDOWN: Interface Seria0, changed state to up
PROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up
•Enables an interface that is administratively shut down
Show Interface
Router#show interfaces
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Lance, address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f (bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f)
Internet address is 10.1.1.11/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:08, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
81833 packets input, 27556491 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 42308 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
1 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 1 ignored, 0 abort
0 input packets with dribble condition detected
55794 packets output, 3929696 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 4 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Interpreting Interface Status
Router#show interfaces serial 1
Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is HD64570
Description: 64Kb Line to San Jose
:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::
Carrier Detect Keepalives
Operational.................. Serial1 is up, line protocol is up

Connection problem... Serial1 is up, line protocol is down
Interface problem........ Serial1 is down, line protocol is down
Disabled ...................... Serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down

Checking Your Connector type
Router#show controller serial 0

HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078
buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable
.
.
.
• Shows the cable type of serial cables

Summary
• After completing this chapter, you should
be able to complete the following tasks:
– Start up the Catalyst switch and Cisco router and observe the
bootup processes.
– Provide an initial configuration for the switch and perform the
router’s initial setup configuration.
– Enable and identify the command modes in each
network device.
– Use the various help and command-line editing
features of each device’s user interface.
– Show and recognize fundamental technical details
about each network device.
Managing Your Network
• Upon completion of this chapter, you will

be able to perform the following tasks:
– Gather information about neighboring devices.
– Gather information about remote devices.
– Create a simple network diagram to
document the network.
– Determine the location from which a configuration
and Cisco IOS image will be loaded.

Cisco Discovery Protocol
UpperLayer
TCP/IP Novell AppleTalk Others
Entry Addresses
IPX
Cisco Proprietary CDP discovers and displays information
DataLink Protocol about directly connected Cisco devices.
Media Supporting Frame
LANs Relay ATM Others
SNAP
• CDP is a proprietary utility that gives you a
summary of directly connected switches, routers,
and other Cisco devices.
• CDP discovers neighboring devices regardless of
which protocol suite they are running.
• Physical media must support the Subnetwork
Access Protocol (SNAP) encapsulation.
Discovering Neighbors
• CDP runs on routers with Cisco IOS®
software Release 10.3 or later and Cisco
switches and hubs software.
• Summary information
includes: CDP
– Device identifiers.
– Address list.
CDP CDP
– Port identifier.
– Capabilities list.
– Platform. show cdp

Using CDP
SwitchA RouterA RouterB SwitchB
S1
S0
10.1.1.2
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
RouterA#sh cdp ?
entry Information for specific neighbor entry
interface CDP interface status and configuration
neighbors CDP neighbors entries
traffic CDP statistics
<cr>
RouterA(config)#no cdp run
RouterA(config)#interface serial0
RouterA(configif)#no cdp enable

Show cdp Neighbor
S1
S0
10.1.1.2
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
A#sh cdp neighbors
lity Codes: R Router, T Trans Bridge, B Source Route Bridge
S Switch, H Host, I IGMP, r Repeater
ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID
B Ser 0 148 R 2522 Ser 1
A0050BD855780 Eth 0 167 T S 1900 2
SwitchA also provides its MAC address

Show CDP entry
S1
S0
10.1.1.2
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
RouterA#sh cdp entry *

Device ID: RouterB
Entry address(es):
IP address: 10.1.1.2
Platform: cisco 2522, Capabilities: Router
Interface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1
Holdtime : 168 sec
Version :
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500JSL), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fci)
Copyright (c) 19861999 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 08Feb99 18:18 by phanguye

More CDP commands
S1
S0
10.1.1.2
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
RouterA#sh cdp traffic
CDP counters :
Packets output: 56, Input: 38
Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 3
No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0
RouterA#sh cdp interface
BRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Encapsulation HDLC
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Holdtime is 180 seconds
Remote devices
S1
S0
10.1.1.2
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
RouterA#telnet 10.2.2.2
Trying 10.2.2.2 ... Open

Catalyst 1900 Management Console
Copyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 19931998
All rights reserved.
Enterprise Edition Software
Ethernet Address: 009086733340
PCA Number: 73223906
PCA Serial Number: FAA02359H8K
Remote device
Model Number: WSC1924EN
System Serial Number: FAA0237X0FQ
.
.
SwitchB>

Viewing Telnet Connections
S1
S0
10.1.1.2
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
RouterA#sh session
Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name
1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2
* 2 10.3.3.2 10.3.3.2 0 0 10.3.3.2
RouterA#sh user
Line User Host(s) Idle Location
* 0 con 0 10.1.1.2 3
10.3.3.2 2
11 vty 0 idle 1 10.1.1.2

Suspending A Telnet
S1
S0
10.1.1.2
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
RouterB#<CtrlShift6>x
RouterA#sh session
Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name
1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2
RouterA#resume 1
RouterB#

Closing A Telnet
S1
S0
10.1.1.2
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
RouterA#disconnect Closes the current
Closing connection to 10.3.3.2 [confirm] session opened by you
RouterA#clear line 11 Closes a session opened
[confirm] by a remote device
[OK]

Testing Commands
Router##ping 10.1.1.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), roundtrip min/avg/max = 4/4/4
ms
Router#trace 10.1.1.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.1.10
1 10.1.1.10 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
Router#
• Tests the connectivity and path to a remote device

Router Power On/Bootup
Sequence
• Perform power-on self test (POST).
• Load and run bootstrap code.
• Find the Cisco IOS software.
• Load the Cisco IOS software.
• Find the configuration.
• Load the configuration.
• Run the configured Cisco IOS software.
Internal Components Of A
Router
NVRAM
RAM Configuration
Register
ROM
Interfaces
Flash

Functions Of ROM
ROM
Bootstrap POST
show version
Mini IOS ROM Console

software Monitor
file
• Contains microcode for basic functions
Finding The IOS
show
startupconfig NVRAM
Configuration
show Register
version
Flash Console
Cisco Order of search:

IOS 1. Checks configuration register
Software 2. Parses config in NVRAM
3. Defaults to first file in Flash
4. Attempts to boot from network server
5. RXBOOT
6. ROMMON

Router Startup Flowchart
Boot Check Boot
No System Yes Do What
START Field = 1
0x1
Startup
Config
Commands They Say
?
Yes No
Valid
No IOS in Yes Use IOS from
Boot Flash
No Flash
Field = 0 ?
0x0 No
Attempt to
Yes
Yes 5 Failures Get
? IOS from
Network
Run
ROM No
Monitor
Yes Config reg Yes Use File from
Success
Use IOS in ROM bit 13 = 1 No ? Network
(rxboot Mode) ?
NORMAL
No Valid Yes STARTUP
Load IOS Config Reg
Config COMPLETE
Bit 6 = 1
?
?
Yes No
SETUP
DIALOG

Determining Current
Configuration Register Value
wg_ro_a#show version
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500JSL), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 19861999 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 08Feb99 18:18 by phanguye
Image textbase: 0x03050C84, database: 0x00001000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE
BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGSBOOTR), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutes
System restarted by reload
System image file is "flash:c2500jsl_1203.bin"
More
Configuration register is 0x2102
• Configuration register value in show version

Configuration Register Values
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#configregister 0x2102
[CtrlZ]
Router#reload
– Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option.
Configuration Register Meaning
Boot Field Value
Use ROM monitor mode
0x0 (manually boot using the b
command).
Automatically boot from ROM
0x1 (provides Cisco IOS software subset).
Examine NVRAM for boot
0x2 to 0xF system commands (0x2
default if router has Flash).
– Check configuration register value with show version.

Loading The IOS From Flash
RAM
Cisco
IOS
Flash
Console
Cisco
IOS show flash
• Flash file is decompressed into RAM.

Show Flash
wg_ro_a#sh flash
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 10084696 c2500jsl_1203.bin
[10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total]
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

Loading The Configuration
RAM NVRAM
Config Config
Cisco
IOS
show show
runningconfig startupconfig
Console
Setup Utility
– Load and execute the configuration from NVRAM.

– If no configuration is present in NVRAM, enter setup mode.
Show Running & Startup
In RAM In NVRAM
wg_ro_c#show runningconfig wg_ro_c#show startupconfig
Building configuration... Using 1359 out of 32762 bytes
!
Current configuration: version 12.0
! !
version 12.0 More
!
More
– Displays current and saved configuration

Source Of Configuration
RAM NVRAM
copy running startup
Configuration Configuration
copy startup running (merge)
config term
(merge)
erase
copy tftp run Console start
(merge) copy tftp start
– NVRAM copy run tftp Blank

copy start tftp 000000
– Terminal 000000
– TFTP
TFTP server Server
– Erase start
Copy Run Tftp & Tftp Run
wg_ro_a#copy runningconfig tftp
Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1
Destination filename [runningconfig]? wgroa.cfg
.!!
1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec)

wg_ro_a#copy tftp runningconfig
Source filename []? wgroa.cfg
Destination filename [runningconfig]?
Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg...
Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !
[OK 1684/3072 bytes]

Cisco IOS File Systems &
Devices
RAM NVRAM
system: nvram:
Flash TFTP
Server
flash: tftp:

Managing Cisco IOS
c2500jsl_1203.bin
Network
Router Server
FLASH Network
Server

Preparing For Network Backup
c2500jsl_1203.bin
Network
Router Server
• Check access to the server.
• Check space available on the server.
• Check the filename convention.
• Create the file on the server, if required.
Verifying Memory
wg_ro_a#show flash
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 10084696 c2500jsl_1203.bin
[10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total]
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
– Verify that Flash memory has room for the Cisco IOS
image.

Creating Software Backup
FLASH Network
Server
copy flash tftp
wg_ro_a#copy flash tftp
Source filename []? c2500jsl_1203.bin
Destination filename [c2500jsl_1203.bin]?
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
<output omitted>
wg_ro_a#
• Back up current files prior to updating Flash.

Upgrading The Image From The
Network
FLASH Network
Server
wg_ro_a#copy tftp flash
Address or name of remote host [10.1.1.1 ]?
Source filename []? c2500jsl_1203.bin
Destination filename [c2500jsl_1203.bin]?
Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/c2500jsl_1203.bin...
Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]
Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]
Erasing device... eeeee (output omitted) ...erased
Erase of flash: complete
Loading c2500jsl_1203.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
(output omitted)
[OK 10084696/20168704 bytes]
Verifying checksum... OK (0x9AA0)
wg_ro_a#
– Erase Flash occurs before loading new image.

– Note the message that the image already exists.
Summary
• After completing this chapter, you should be able

– Use the Cisco Discovery Protocol from a device to get
information about neighboring devices.
– Use Telnet to retrieve information about remote
devices.
– Determine the load location of the Cisco IOS image.
– List the commands to load a Cisco IOS image file.

Assemb, Conf, Cisco Devices

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Mahesh Parmar CCNA MCSE CNE

Assembling & Cabling

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DIX 802.3 Specifications 802.3u Specifications

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Topology Bus Star Star Point­to­point

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• DTE/DCE—The point where responsibility passes

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– System startup routines initiate switch software.

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1. At the start, all port LEDs are green.

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PCA Number: 73-3121-01

1 user(s) now active on Management Console.

User Interface Menu Console

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– Displays operational status of switch components

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Ethernet 0/1 is Enabled

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– Sets the local identity for the switch

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wg_sw_a(config)#ip address 10.5.5.11 255.255.255.0

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--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]:yes

Press RETURN to get started.

Unconfigured Versus Configured Router

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: y

Basic management setup configures only enough connectivity

Would you like to enter basic management setup? [yes/no]: n

Mahesh Parmar CCNA MCSE CNE

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

BRI0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

BRI0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

BRI0:2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

50ohm EIA/TIA Cat EIA/TIA Cat 62.5/125

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