Objectives

In this lesson, you will learn to:

• Implement the concept of inheritance in Java

• Override methods
• Create Interfaces

1
Inheritance in Java
• Introduction to Inheritance
• Inheritance enables a class to:
• Inherit data members and methods from another class.
• Reuse the functionalities and capabilities of the existing class by
extending a new class from the existing class and adding new
features to it.

2
Inheritance in Java (Contd.)
• Introduction to Inheritance (Contd.)
• The class that inherits the data members and methods from another class
is known as the subclass.
• The class from which the subclass inherits is known as the superclass.
• The superclass is also referred to as the base class, and the subclass is
referred to as the derived class.
• You can create additional data members and methods to add more
features in a subclass.
• A superclass can also be a subclass of another class.

3
Inheritance in Java (Contd.)
• Implementing Different Types of Inheritance
• Single level inheritance
• Derives a subclass from a single superclass. For example, subclasses
B and C inherit the properties of a single superclass, A. The following
figure shows the structure of single level inheritance:

4
Inheritance in Java (Contd.)
• Implementing Different Types of Inheritance (Contd.)
• Single level inheritance
• The following syntax shows how to implement single level
inheritance:
class A
{
}
class B extends A
{
}
class C extends A
{
}
In the preceding syntax, the extends keyword is used to derive a
subclass from a superclass.
5
Demonstration-Implementing
Inheritance
• Problem Statement

• MoneySaver Corporation bank is conducting interviews for the

posts of clerks and Probationary Officers. Various applicants are
applying for the required post by filling an application form. The
bank performs the selection process of the applicants and the
selected applicants are chosen as suitable candidates. The bank
wants to keep track of the applicants and candidates by creating
an application in Java. Steve, the programmer in the bank is
assigned the task of developing the application. The application
must accept the applicantID, applicantName, and interviewDate as
command-line arguments. Help Steve to develop an application
that enables MoneySaver Corporation bank to manage the data.

6
Demonstration-Implementing
Inheritance (Contd.)
• Solution

• Steve needs to develop the application by implementing the

inheritance feature and creating two classes, Applicant and
Candidate. The Applicant class is the superclass of the Candidate
class. The Applicant superclass enables Steve to enter details,
such as applicantID, applicantName, applicantAddress, and
applicantPosition. The details of the selected applicants, such as
candidateID, candidateName, candidateAddress,
candidatePosition, dateOfInterview, and candidateStatus are
entered in the Candidate subclass. To solve the given problem,
perform the following tasks:
1. Code the application.
2. Compile and execute the application.
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Inheritance in Java (Contd.)
• Implementing Different Types of Inheritance (Contd.)
• Multilevel inheritance
• Inherits the properties of another subclass. For example, Class A is a
superclass for the Class B; and Class B is a superclass for the
subclass, Class C. You can include any number of levels in multilevel
inheritance. The following figure shows the structure of multilevel
inheritance:

8
Inheritance in Java (Contd.)
• Implementing Different Types of Inheritance (Contd.)
• Multilevel inheritance
• The following syntax shows how to implement multilevel inheritance:
class A
{
}
class B extends A
{
}
class C extends B
{
}
In the preceding syntax, class A is the superclass and class C is the
subclass. The class B acts as a subclass for the class A and superclass
for the class C.
9
Implementing Method Overriding
• Method overriding
• Method overriding is defined as creating a method in the subclass that
has the same return type and signature as a method defined in the
superclass.
• Signature of a method includes the name, number, sequence, and type
of arguments of a method.
• The created method of the subclass hides the method defined in the
superclass.

10
Implementing Method Overriding
(Contd.)
• Method overriding (Contd.)
• Method overriding enables you to create objects that respond to the
same method as defined in the superclass.
• A subclass must override the abstract methods of a superclass.
• You cannot override the static and final methods of a superclass.

11
Implementing Interfaces
• Overview of Interface
• Interfaces contain a set of abstract methods and static data members.
• Interface is known as a prototype for a class.
• Methods defined in an interface are only abstract methods.
• An abstract method contains only the declaration for a method
without any implementation details.
• The implementation of an abstract method is defined in the class
implementing the interface.
• You can implement multiple interfaces in a single class.

12
Implementing Interfaces (Contd.)
• Overview of Interface (Contd.)
• The following syntax shows how to define an interface:
interface <interfacename>
{
//interface body
static final data members
return type public methods(parameters);
}
You can implement an interface in one or more than one class before
defining it. The public access specifier must be specified with the
methods declared in the interface.

13
Implementing Interfaces
(Contd.)
• Overview of Interface (Contd.)
• The following syntax shows how to implement an interface in a class:
class <class_name> extends [superclass] implements
[interfacename]
{
//Defining the method declared in the interface.
return type public methods(parameters)
{
}
}
In the preceding syntax, a class that extends from a superclass implements an
interface using the implements keyword.

14
 Implementing Interfaces
(Contd.)
• Overview of Interface (Contd.)
• Interfaces also enable you to declare constants that can be imported
into multiple classes.
• The constant values declared in an interface can be implemented in any
 
class.
• The constants defined in an interface are declared using the final
keyword.

15
 Demonstration-Implementing Multiple
Inheritance using Interfaces
• Problem Statement

• The management of the LearnMore University is planning to

automate the student management system. The University
  offers various curriculums to the students across the globe.
Therefore, Steve Wilkinson, the programmer, has decided to
create a Java application.
In the application, Steve needs to store student details, such as
ID, name, date of birth, blood group, height, and marks details
of the students. As a future proposal for the automated system,
the management wants to extend the system to manage its
employee details too.

16
 Demonstration-Implementing Multiple
Inheritance using Interfaces (Contd.)
• Problem Statement (Contd.)

• To provide medical benefits to the employees, the system needs

to store the blood group and the height of the employee. The
  application should accept student ID and name of the student as
command-line parameters and display the student details. Help
Steve to develop the proposed application.

17
 Demonstration-Implementing Multiple
Inheritance using Interfaces (Contd.)
• Solution

• Steve can develop the application by applying the concept of

inheritance. Steve needs to create two classes,
  StudentInformation and MarksInformation. The
StudentInformation class is the superclass of the
MarksInformation class. The StudentInformation class enables
Steve to enter details, such as studentID and studentName. He
can include the showName() method to display the student
details.

18
 Demonstration-Implementing Multiple
Inheritance using Interfaces (Contd.)
• Solution (Contd.)

• The marks details of the student can be stored in the MarksInfo

class that is extended from the StudentInfo class. The
  MarksInformation class contains the details of marks for two
subjects and a method that displays marks details. In addition,
Steve can create an interface, MedDetails, which stores the
blood group and height. He can use this interface later in the
employee management system. To solve the given problem,
perform the following tasks:
1. Code an application with an expression having multiple
operators of different precedence.
2. Compile and execute the code.
19
Implementing Interfaces
(Contd.)
• Implementing Multiple Interfaces in a class
interface Bank
{
public void bankDeposit();
}

interface FinancialInstitute
{
public void securityDeposit();
}

20
 Implementing Interfaces
(Contd.)
• Implementing Multiple Interfaces in a class (Contd.)
class Deposit implements Bank, FinancialInstitute
 
{
int sd = 125;
int bd = 256;
public void bankDeposit()
{
System.out.println(" ");
System.out.println("\t The money deposited in the bank is $" +
bd);
System.out.println(" ");
}

21
Implementing Interfaces
(Contd.)
• Implementing Multiple Interfaces in a class (Contd.)
public void securityDeposit()
{
System.out.println(" ");
System.out.println("\t The money deposited in the financial
institute is $" + sd);
System.out.println(" "); }
public static void main(String args[]) {
Deposit d = new Deposit();
d.bankDeposit();
d.securityDeposit(); }
}

22
Summary
In this lesson, you learned:
• Inheritance is the concept of extending data members and methods of a
superclass in a subclass.
• You can derive data members and methods from a single superclass that is a
subclass of another superclass.
• Java does not support multiple inheritance directly.
• You can use the concept of method overriding to override the superclass
method with the subclass method having same names.
• Interface is a concept of creating data members and methods that can be
derived by multiple classes in Java.
• Interfaces also allow you to declare set of constants that can be imported
into multiple classes.
• The methods declared in the interface are defined in the class implementing
that interface.
• The methods in an interface are only abstract methods.
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