Contents

1 Introduction
Objectives 1-2
Course Objectives 1-3
Oracle Products 1-4
Relational Database Systems 1-5
How the Data Is Organized 1-6
Integrity Constraints 1-7
Structured Query Language 1-8
Tasks of an Oracle Database Administrator 1-9
Summary 1-10

2 Installing Oracle Database 10g Software

Objectives 2-2
System Requirements 2-3
Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) 2-4
Using Optimal Flexible Architecture 2-5
Setting Environment Variables 2-7
Preinstallation Checks 2-9
Oracle Universal Installer 2-10
Inventory and UNIX Group Name 2-11
orainstRoot.sh 2-12
File Locations 2-14
Install Type 2-15
Prerequisite Checks 2-16
Starter Database 2-17
Configuration and Management 2-18
File Storage and Backup Recovery 2-19
Passwords and Summary 2-20
Installation 2-21
Configuration Assistants 2-22
Summary 2-24
Practice 2: Installing the Oracle Software 2-25

3 Creating an Oracle Database

Objectives 3-2
Database Architecture 3-3
Exploring the Storage Structure 3-4
Control Files 3-5
Redo Log Files 3-6
Tablespaces and Datafiles 3-7
Segments, Extents, and Blocks 3-8

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 Oracle Instance Management 3-9
Oracle Memory Structures 3-10
Oracle Processes 3-12
Data Dictionary 3-13
Database Control 3-14
Grid Control 3-15
Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) Overview 3-16
Creating a Database 3-17
Database Identification 3-18
Management Options 3-19
Passwords and Storage 3-20
File Locations and Backup Recovery 3-21
File Location Variables 3-22
Content and Initialization Parameters 3-23
Database Storage 3-25
Creation Options and Create 3-26
Other Actions with DBCA 3-27
Summary 3-28
Practice 3: Creating an Oracle Database 3-29

4 Database Interfaces
Objectives 4-2
What Is SQL? 4-3
Using SQL 4-4
Enterprise Manager: Seeing the SQL 4-5
What Is SQL*Plus? 4-6
What Is iSQL*Plus? 4-7
Using iSQL*Plus 4-9
Describing Data 4-10
Querying Data 4-11
Sorting the Data 4-12
Joining Tables 4-13
Manipulating Data 4-15
Defining Data 4-16
Overview of Transactions 4-17
Transaction Control Statements 4-18
Locking Data 4-19
Other Statement Categories 4-20
What Is PL/SQL? 4-21
Example PL/SQL Block 4-22
Uses of PL/SQL 4-23
What Is Java? 4-24
Oracle and Java 4-25

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 What Is OCI? 4-26
Other APIs 4-27
Summary 4-29
Practice 4: Using SQL 4-30

5 Controlling the Database

Objectives 5-2
Starting and Stopping iSQL*Plus 5-3
Management Framework 5-4
Starting and Stopping Database Control 5-5
Accessing Database Control 5-6
SYSOPER and SYSDBA 5-7
Database Home Page 5-8
Changing the Listener Status 5-9
Startup and Shutdown 5-10
Starting Up a Database NOMOUNT 5-11
Starting Up a Database MOUNT 5-12
Starting Up a Database OPEN 5-13
Shutting Down the Database 5-14
SHUTDOWN Options 5-15
Initialization Parameter Files 5-18
Viewing Initialization Parameters 5-19
Viewing the Alert Log 5-20
Summary 5-21
Practice 5: Controlling the Database 5-22

6 Storage Structures
Objectives 6-2
Tablespaces and Data Files 6-3
Space Management in Tablespaces 6-4
Creating a New Tablespace 6-5
Storage for Locally Managed Tablespaces 6-7
Tablespaces in the Preconfigured Database 6-9
Altering a Tablespace 6-11
Actions with Tablespaces 6-13
Dropping Tablespaces 6-15
Viewing Tablespace Information 6-16
Summary 6-17
Practice 6: Working with Tablespaces 6-18

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7 Administering Users
Objectives 7-2
Database User Accounts 7-3
Creating a User 7-4
Profiles and Users 7-5
Authenticating Users 7-7
Default and Temporary Tablespaces and Locking 7-9
Database Users and Schemas 7-10
Checklist for Creating Users 7-11
Privileges 7-12
System Privileges 7-13
Object Privileges 7-15
Assigning Quota to Users 7-16
Assigning Roles to Users 7-17
Roles 7-18
Benefits of Roles 7-19
Predefined Roles 7-20
Secure Roles 7-21
Summary 7-22
Practice 7: Administering Users 7-23

8 Managing Schema Objects

Objectives 8-2
What Is a Schema? 8-3
Schemas 8-4
Accessing Schema Objects 8-6
Naming Database Objects 8-7
Schema Object Namespaces 8-9
Specifying Data Types in Tables 8-10
Other Data Types 8-11
Creating and Modifying Tables 8-13
Understanding Data Integrity 8-15
Defining Constraints 8-17
Viewing the Attributes of a Table 8-18
Viewing the Contents of a Table 8-19
Actions with Tables 8-20
Creating Indexes 8-22
What Is a View? 8-23
Creating Views 8-24

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 What Is a Sequence? 8-25
Using a Sequence 8-27
Summary 8-28
Practice 8: Working with Tables 8-29

9 Managing Data
Objectives 9-2
Manipulating Data Through SQL 9-3
The INSERT Command 9-4
The UPDATE Command 9-5
The DELETE Command 9-6
The COMMIT and ROLLBACK Commands 9-7
Integrity Constraints and DML 9-8
Data Pump Export 9-9
Data Pump Import 9-11
DIRECTORY Objects 9-13
SQL*Loader 9-14
The SQL*Loader Control File 9-16
Control File Syntax Considerations 9-19
Input Data and Data Files 9-20
Loading Methods 9-23
Comparing Direct and Conventional Path Loads 9-25
Loading Data with SQL*Loader 9-27
Summary 9-29
Practice 9: Using Data Pump Export and Import 9-30

10 PL/SQL
Objectives 10-2
PL/SQL 10-3
Administering PL/SQL Objects 10-4
PL/SQL Objects 10-5
Functions 10-6
Procedures 10-7
Packages 10-8
Package Body 10-9
Built-In Packages 10-11
Triggers 10-12
PL/SQL Configuration Options 10-14
Summary 10-15
Practice Overview 10-16

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11 Oracle Database Security
Objectives 11-2
Database Security 11-3
Apply the Principle of Least Privilege 11-5
Protect the Data Dictionary 11-6
Revoke Unnecessary Privileges from PUBLIC 11-7
Restrict the Operating System Directories Accessible by the User 11-9
Limit Users with Administrative Privileges 11-10
Disable Remote Operating System Authentication 11-11
Manage Default User Accounts 11-12
Implement Standard Password Security Features 11-13
Password Account Locking 11-14
Password Expiration and Aging 11-15
Password History 11-16
Password Verification 11-17
Supplied Password Verification Function: VERIFY_FUNCTION 11-18
Creating a Password Profile 11-19
Assigning Users to a Password Profile 11-20
Monitoring for Suspicious Activity 11-21
Audit Tool Comparisons 11-22
Standard Database Auditing 11-23
Specifying Audit Options 11-24
Viewing Auditing Options 11-26
Standard Database Auditing 11-27
Viewing Auditing Results 11-28
Value-Based Auditing 11-29
Fine-Grained Auditing (FGA) 11-31
FGA Policy 11-32
DBMS_FGA Package 11-34
Enabling and Disabling an FGA Policy 11-35
Dropping an FGA Policy 11-36
Triggering Audit Events 11-37
Data Dictionary Views 11-38
DBA_FGA_AUDIT_TRAIL 11-39
FGA Guidelines 11-41
Auditing SYSDBA and SYSOPER Users 11-43
Security Updates 11-44
Summary 11-45
Practice 11-1 Overview: Database Security (Part 1) 11-46
Practice 11-2 Overview: Database Security (Part 2) 11-49

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12 Oracle Net Services
Objectives 12-2
Oracle Net Services 12-3
Oracle Net Listener 12-4
Monitoring the Listener 12-5
Creating a Listener 12-6
Listening Addresses 12-7
Configuring Optional Parameters 12-8
Static Database Registration 12-9
Listener Control Utility 12-10
Listener Control Utility Syntax 12-11
Monitoring with Listener Control 12-13
Oracle Net Connections 12-15
Names Resolution 12-16
Easy Connect 12-17
Local Naming 12-18
Directory Naming 12-19
Configuring Service Aliases 12-20
Advanced Connection Options 12-21
Oracle Net Manager 12-23
Choosing Naming Methods 12-24
Configuring Service Aliases with Net Manager 12-25
Advanced Connection Options Using Oracle Net Manager 12-26
Testing Oracle Net Connectivity 12-27
Summary 12-28
Practice 12 Overview: Oracle Net Services 12-29

13 Oracle Shared Servers

Objectives 13-2
Establishing a Connection 13-3
Dedicated Server Process 13-4
User Sessions 13-5
User Sessions: Dedicated Server 13-6
User Sessions: Shared Server 13-7
Processing a Request 13-8
The SGA and PGA 13-9
Configuring Oracle Shared Server 13-10
DISPATCHERS 13-11
SHARED_SERVERS 13-13
MAX_SHARED_SERVERS 13-14
CIRCUITS 13-15
SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS 13-16
Related Parameters 13-17

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 Verifying Shared Server Setup 13-18
Data Dictionary Views 13-20
Choosing a Connection Type 13-21
When Not to Use Shared Server 13-22
Summary 13-23
Practice 13 Overview: Oracle Shared Servers 13-24
Practice Lesson 13 13-25

14 Performance Monitoring
Objectives 14-2
Performance Monitoring 14-3
Monitoring Methodologies 14-4
Database and Instance Metrics 14-5
Data Dictionary Metrics 14-7
Invalid and Unusable Objects 14-8
Optimizer Statistics 14-10
Manually Gather Optimizer Statistics 14-12
Automate Optimizer Statistics Collection 14-13
Schedule Optimizer Statistics Collection 14-14
Dynamic Performance Views 14-15
Viewing Metric Information 14-16
Reacting to Performance Issues 14-17
Reacting to Performance Issues 14-18
Summary 14-19
Practice 14: Monitoring Performance 14-20

15 Proactive Maintenance
Objectives 15-2
Server Generated Alerts 15-3
Thresholds 15-4
Setting Thresholds 15-5
Baseline Measurements 15-6
Using Baselines 15-7
Tuning and Diagnostic Advisors 15-8
SQL Tuning and Access Advisors 15-10
Memory Advisors 15-11
Segment Advisor 15-12
Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) 15-13
Managing the AWR 15-14
Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM) 15-15
ADDM Findings 15-16
ADDM Recommendations 15-17
Summary 15-18
Practice 15: Proactive Maintenance 15-19

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16 Undo Management
Objectives 16-2
Undo Data 16-3
Transactions and Undo Data 16-5
Storing Undo Information 16-6
Monitoring Undo 16-7
Administering Undo 16-9
Configuring Undo Retention 16-10
Guaranteeing Undo Retention 16-12
Sizing the Undo Tablespace 16-13
Using the Undo Advisor 16-14
Summary 16-15
Practice 16: Managing Undo 16-16

17 Monitoring and Resolving Lock Conflicts

Objectives 17-2
Locks 17-3
Locking Mechanism 17-4
Data Concurrency 17-5
DML Locks 17-7
Enqueue Mechanism 17-8
Lock Conflicts 17-9
Possible Causes of Lock Conflicts 17-10
Detecting Lock Conflicts 17-11
Resolving Lock Conflicts 17-12
Deadlocks 17-13
Summary 17-14
Practice 17: Locks in the Oracle Database 17-15

18 Backup and Recovery Concepts

Objectives 18-2
Backup and Recovery Issues 18-3
Categories of Failures 18-4
Statement Failures 18-5
User Process Failure 18-6
Network Failure 18-7
User Errors 18-8
Instance Failure 18-10
Instance Recovery 18-11
Phases of Instance Recovery 18-12
Tuning Instance Recovery 18-13

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 Using the MTTR Advisor 18-14
Media Failure 18-15
Configuring for Recoverability 18-16
Control Files 18-17
Redo Log Files 18-18
Multiplexing the Redo Log 18-19
Archived Log Files 18-20
Archive Log File Naming and Destinations 18-21
ARCHIVELOG Mode 18-23
Summary 18-24
Practice 18: Backup and Recovery Concepts 18-25

19 Database Backups
Objectives 19-2
Terminology 19-3
Recovery Manager (RMAN) 19-5
Configuring Backup Settings 19-6
Scheduling Backups: Strategy 19-8
Scheduling Backups: Options 19-9
Scheduling Backups: Settings 19-10
Scheduling Backups: Schedule 19-11
Scheduling Backups: Review 19-12
Backup Control File to Trace 19-13
Manage Backups 19-15
Flash Recovery Area 19-16
Summary 19-17
Practice 19: Database Backups 19-18

20 Database Recovery
Objectives 20-2
Opening a Database 20-3
Changing Instance Status 20-5
Keeping a Database Open 20-6
Loss of a Control File 20-7
Loss of a Redo Log File 20-8
Loss of a Data File in NOARCHIVELOG Mode 20-9
Loss of a Noncritical Data File in ARCHIVELOG Mode 20-10
Loss of a System-Critical Data File in ARCHIVELOG Mode 20-11
Summary 20-12
Practice Overview: Database Recovery 20-13

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Appendix A: Practice Solutions

Appendix B: Basic Linux and vi Commands

Appendix C: SQL Statement Syntax

Appendix D: Acronyms and Terms

Appendix E Next Steps: Continuing Your Education

Where Do You Go from Here? E-2
Continuing Education Resources E-3
Oracle University E-4
Oracle University Online Library E-5
Oracle Technology Network E-6
Oracle AppsNet E-7
Oracle MetaLink E-8
Thank You! E-9

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