LUNG AND STOMACH

TUMORS

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 TUMORS OF THE STOMACH
 BENIGN TUMORS ARE NAMED ADENOMA
AND LEIOMYOMA.
 These tumors are the most common for
the stomach
 Leiomyoma is the benign tumor derived
from smooth muscle cells.
 Adenoma is the benign tumor derived
from glandular epithelium

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 ADENOMA OF THE STOMACH

 ADENOMA MAY BE TUBULAR, VILLOUS

AND MIXED AS TUBULO-VILLOUS.

TUBULAR ADENOMA

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VILLOUS ADENOMA

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 BACKGROUND DISEASES FOR
CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH
 BACKGROUND DISEASES ARE TERMED THE
FACULTATIVE DISEASES, NOT BINDING
DISEASES FOR CANCER BIGINNING

 ADENOMAS

 CHRONIC ATROPHYC GASTRITIS

 PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

 HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION

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 BACKGROUND DISEASES FOR
CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH

CHRONIC GASTRITIS

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 BACKGROUND DISEASES FOR
CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH
 Another association with
gastritis is pernicious
anemia. Chronic atrophic
gastritis is associated
with autoantibodies that
block or bind intrinsic
factor.
 The bright green
immunofluorescence
is seen in the parietal
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
cells of the gastric
mucosa.

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 BACKGROUND DISEASES FOR
CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH
HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION

METHYLENE BLUE STAIN

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 CHRONIC ULCEROUS DISEASE
 Chronic ulcerous disease occurs without
malignization for a long time.
 Frequency of malignization is only 1%.
 But primary ulcerous carcinoma of the
stomach can occur for a long time with
clinical character of chronic ulcerous
disease.
 That is why very impotent to take biopsy
from ulcers of the stomach.
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CHRONIC ULCER
OF THE STOMACH

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 PRECANCEROUS PROCESSES

 SEVERE EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA

 LARGE INTESTINE METAPLASIA OR

COMPLETE METAPLASIA

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 EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA
 DISPLASIA IS PROCESSES OF GHANGE
PARENCHYMA AND STROMA WITH
REORGANIZATION OF ONCOPROTEINS
WORKING, GROWTH FACTORS,
INTEGRINE RECEPTORS, AND ADGESIVE
MOLECULS.
GENE SUPRESSOR p53 TAKES PART IN
THE GENETIC MECHANISMS.

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 PRECANCEROUS PROCESSES
 DYSPLASIA IS CHARACTERIZED BY
NUCLEAR VARIABILITY, LARGE NUCLEAR
MASS, ROUND NUCLEI, THE PRESENCE
OF NUCLEOLI AND ABSENCE OF NUCLEAR
POLARITY.
 ALL OF THIS IS CELLULAR ATYPISMS
 AND A FEW ATIPIC MITISIS.

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 DYSPLASIA
 DYSPLASIA MAY HAVE LOW AND HIGH
LEVELS.
 SEVERE DYSPLASIA IS TERMED
PRECANCEROUS PROCESS.

ATYPICAL MITOSIS

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LARGE INTESTINE METAPLASIA
 THIS IS PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION
OF GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM TO COLON
EPITHELIUM SECRETING SULFOMUCIN

LISON’S STAIN

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CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH
 THE CARCINOMA IS DERIVED FROM
DYSPLASIA AND METAPLASIA FOCI.

 MORPHOGENESIS OF GASTRIC
CARCINOMA IS SERIAL MORPHOLOGIC
STAGES FROM CARCINOMA “IN SITU” TO
INVASIVE CARCINOMA WHICH IS ABLE
TO GENERELIZED METASTASES.

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CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH
 GROSS FORM
 ULCER-LIKE
 or saucer-shaped

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CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH
 GROSS FORM
 DIFUSIVE ONE AS
 LINITIS PLASTICA

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CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH
 GROSS FORM
 POLYP-LIKE

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CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH

GROSS FORM
Plaque-like

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 Microscopical forms of carcinoma

ADENOCARCINOMA

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 Microscopical forms of carcinoma

 signet ring cell

CARCINOMA

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 Microscopical forms of carcinoma
 SKIRRH
CARCINOMA
There are a few
atypical cells within
solid fibril stroma

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 Microscopical forms of carcinoma
 This is an immunoperoxidase stain with
antibody to cytokeratin

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 METASTASES
 LYMPHOGENIC METASTASIS WITHIN
 LYMPH NODES OF THE SMALL AND
LARGE CURVATURS
OF THE STOMACH

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 METASTASES
 HEMATOGENIC METASTASIS SPREDS TO
THE LIVER

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 RETROGRADE METASTASIS

 Krukenberg tumor designates metastases

into ovary

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 RETROGRADE METASTASIS
 Shnitsler
metastases designate
metastases in the lymph nodes of
pararectal adipose tissue

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 RETROGRADE METASTASIS
 Virchov’s nodedesignates
metastasis into left
supraclavicular lymph node

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 Complications
 Hemorrhage (melena)
 Perforation
 Peritonitis
 Stenosis
 Alimentary cachexy
 Carcinomal cachexy
 Intoxication

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 Tumors of the lung
 Benign tumors may be:

 Adenoma;

 Polyp

 Bronchial papilloma

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 Malignant tumors of the lung

 Bronchogenic carcinoma

 Perepheric carcinoma

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 BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA
 IT IS ABOUT 95% OF ALL PULMONARY
TUMORS.
 IT IS KILLER №1 IN INDUSTRIAL
COUNTRIES
 IT IS DIAGNOSED ONLY AT LATE STAGE,
 WHEN SERGICAL OPERATION CAN’T BE
PERFORMED.

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 BACKGROUND DISEASES

 TUBERCULOSIS

 PNEUMOSCLEROSIS

 CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

 Bronchiectatic disease

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TUBERCULOSIS

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PNEUMOSCLEROSIS

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CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

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 PRECANCEROUS PROCESSES

 METAPLASIA FROM COLUMNAR

BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM TO SQUAMOUS
CELL EPITHELIUM

 DYSPLASIA

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 METAPLASIA BRONCHIAL
EPITHELIUM

 COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM TURNED
INTO SQUAMOUS
CELL EPITHELIUM

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 GROSS FORMS OF CARCINOMA

 CENTRAL
CARCINOMA
 AND NODAL FORM

 CENTRAL
CARCINOMA
IS DERIVED FROM
GENERAL AND LOBAR
BRONCHI
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 GROSS FORMS OF CARCINOMA

 PERIPHERAL
CARCINOMA IS
DERIVED FROM
SEGMENTAL
BRONCHI AND
PULMONARY
PARENCHYMA

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 GROSS FORMS OF CARCINOMA

 NODAL FORM

 BRANCHY-NODAL

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 GROSS FORMS OF CARCINOMA

 PNEUMONIA LIKE
CARCINOMA

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 MICROSCOPICAL FORMS
 SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
 SMALL CELL CARCINOMA
 OAT CELL CARCINOMA
 LARGE CELL CARCINOMA
 ADENOCARCINOMA

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 MICROSCOPICAL FORMS
 SQUAMOUS CELL
CARCINOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA

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 MICROSCOPICAL FORMS
 SMALL CELL
CARCINOMA

 OAT CELL
CARCINOMA

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 MICROSCOPICAL FORMS

 LARGE CELL
CARCINOMA

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 METASTASES

 LYMPHOGENIC SPREAD IS TO LYMPH

NODES OF THE LUNG AND ROOT OF
LUNG.

 HEMATOGENIC SPREAD IS TO THE

SECOND LUNG.

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 COMPLICATIONS
 HEMORRHAGE
 PURULENT PNEUMONIA
 PNEUMOTORAX
 PYOTORAX
 ABSCESS OF THE LUNG

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THE END

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