Introductory Statistics Notes
Jamie DeCosterDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of Alabama348 Gordon Palmer HallBox 870348Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0348Phone: (205) 348-4431Fax: (205) 348-8648August 1, 1998These were compiled from Jamie DeCoster’s introductory statistics class at Purdue University. Textbook ref-erences refer to Moore’s
The Active Practice of Statistics
. CD-ROM references refer to Velleman’s
ActivStats
.If you wish to cite the contents of this document, the APA reference for them would beDeCoster, J. (1998).
Introductory Statistics Notes.
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Contents
I Understanding Data 2
1 Introduction 32 Data and Measurement 43 The Distribution of One Variable 54 Measuring Center and Spread 75 Normal Distributions 10
II Understanding Relationships 12
6 Comparing Groups 137 Scatterplots 148 Correlation 159 Least-Squares Regression 169 Association vs. Causation 18
III Generating Data 19
10 Sample Surveys 2011 Designed Experiments 21
IV Experience with Random Behavior 23
12 Randomness 2413 Intuitive Probability 2514 Conditional Probability 2615 Random Variables 2716 Sampling Distributions 28
i
V Statistical Inference 29
17 Estimating With Confidence 3018 Confidence Intervals for a Mean 3119 Testing Hypotheses 3220 Tests for a Mean 34
VI Topics in Inference 36
21 Comparing Two Means 3722 Inference for Proportions 3923 Two-Way Tables 4124 Inference for Regression 4225 One-Way Analysis of Variance 45
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