ElanLa nd.c ity ofsucamer,qed intoPersianempire. Had.2great kings:]-ElaniteKine!Urtaku2.KingUnrnan-igasin6l*8B.C.l'lu.choftheinf ormaion c omefrom thewritings:l.RosettiStone2.BeiristunInscription3,Boghozkeui,claytabletsai:outI{ittitesInEg;rpt,NebuchadnezzarIIdeposed Ho.ohra,kirrgofEgypt andset cnthethroneAmaslsvrholaterrevoltedagainsthlssuzerain.Nebuchanez,zarII wasonecfgreetestChaldeanklngswho vrasthe rulingclassof Babylonia from nortlleastArabiaor Kurriishuplandswhich1snearAramwhereoriginsofAranaiclanguagehas itsroots thatJesusspolceashis dialect of Hebrevr.Law ccdeofKlngHannrnurabirid l,{osesrTen Commandamentshave much inconxnonasa^^h^ont oadbasic.tenets, to thenlater influencel,tlagnaOhalta(faf5atRunnymed
ullLs},rJdt
_agd_EqgllshCommonLaw &ParliamentwithII.S.Constitution evclving as well.
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BelshazzafaF-79-B;0;-vnas-fdFf-ffiSyloniankingwholivedthiejadedlifev;henCyrus-the-greatconquered theenrpirebutfirstthehandofgod JehovaiiorYahvrehtheElohimwrotethewarningonthewallinArariaicnoless(tHef irstrecordedholygraffetto).trlstedlnbookofDanleL2:4-7228. The handwritingon thevmII:"n?ggr_-gege.qsEgl.r-_g.glggs$'.The Hebrew GodYahvueh?'TheGreat-I-Am"orElohimbetterknown asJehovah themostholyoneabcve BaaI.Abbaisalsoi;rtimatenamefcrGcdusedonly byChrist.CARTHAGEGreek:Karchedonl,atin:Carthago(means'rnewcity")Thelegend.states beingfoundedabout850B.C. byDldo,alsocalled nlissa,darrohia'nr nglu9.AfterDidorsfather died,shefledtoAfrlcawhereshe bulltEyrsa,the Citad.elofancientCarthageslte.Iarbas,king of theLibyansdemandedher handln marriagesoshestabbedherself(one legerrd intireATN'|iIDstatesthatA€neasejected Dido aka.Elissasoashevrasleaving inhis ships,sherushedtotireportandsetfiretotheboata,perlshingalongwith them.).Carthage,thenew-city,\,',asituatedonahitl called.Bosraor Byrsa.Atitsdestructionin1468.C.,populationv/as700,000,most ofLibyandescent"Carthagevr&s 1'sled byanoligarchictypet2 elected klngsannuallybut co.ntrolofaffairshv a hnar.d of10/+jud.gesalso elected. ennuallgyetusuallyre-electedso the officewas often held for lifeforallof thetitleholders.Originally,CarthagewasIittle nore thanatrad.ingpost,thatgrewtoanrlexPhoenician col-oniesfrom whoserootsDid.o orqlissanaifea,herbrothirrwasPumai-rraton, KingofTyre(820-774BC)rCarthagestrugeleclagainstGreeceandRomeorpot/erovertra<Leinthewestern halfofthelried.iteiianean,resultlnginwars f ordecades.ThePunicv'Jarsirstbeganinz64-z;L E.C.;Hamilar.Barca orBarcinevrastheCarthaginian_lie1o_alongwitlthis sorLI{anrirbaL(21+?-L8)8.C..andson-in-IawHasdrubalwhodied22LB.C. .SecondPunic':'larin2I8-2OZB.C.by HannibalThirdFunlc','/ar(ltng-tt+6B.C.
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Chaldean RootsofBabyloniafromtheLanCof UrThe Land ofrJrof theOhaldees','iasruledbytheancientcityofSumerinScuiherql.{esopotemia|ffassettledin35OOB,C.justaf te:: thegreatflooc1bySumeriensand.IaterbyChald.eans.Theend.ofSumerianti,nescamewith riseof4kkadian dynastyunder Sargani-sirr-aI1knownasSargon-the-greatcfAgaCe('rkkad)circa231+O-2?8Q.C.Religion centeredarcundvrorship ofthesunasgod.;listofnames sltowreligioustones in surnanesof thekings:1. Samasmeans sun-god.(al17areSumerenionnanres,not2.Sin :neanstheoioongodSemitlc)l.Nebo neanstheprophetorteacher4.lilergal(Ura)means sodofdeathandtheflrave5.Beltu(Beltis)meansconsortofBeI orlrerodach(Nlnrrocl)6.fshtarthegoddessVenusconscrt toTaminuz7.Eres-ki-galameansgoddessofIIadesThe above7diety termswereincorporated.into thesurllamesof themonarchs oftneL{esopotercianval}ey;theAmoritesinhabitatedCanaanwhichwasthen conquered.hrr the lTi tr'tes(chiefkingsSihonofHeshbonandOgofBashanwereoverthrownbyiloses).ButtheAnoritedynastyspreadits fanilyinflueuee andponrerthroughoutthe knownandc ivilizerlvrord,toestabllshworld-wid.eempiresfortheirbranchfaroilies.,Etanaof Kishc.2825B.Cowasfirstsoverei.ngofdynastyandthenwasf nl tnv;e i hv En-sag-kus-annaorLord"of Kengias King of;{arka.The veryf irstciy-
]vMrr\/seJ
nestv nf ITr hasnameofKingAannipacld.anscribedol1pieceofjewelry.AtempletowerofmoongoAat 8rof theuhaldeesiscalledth e zig,€lurat(thisret'iqion formsrootsoftheOrescentworshlpofholdinga childnewlyborntothe
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TheseOhaldeanswerer,u]edby theamoriteswho had their-originsat.Tyre.':zr?"-sr11atjsater-npteovr"rwj-th'a1.ofypyranidalstep leveIv"ithoutsidesta.ircase8;as]^.rineattop.Land. ofTyreTyre is landoftheFhoenicianswitocalledthemselvesCanaanitesand traeetheirdescentfromKhnaorAgenor(Canaranorlowland.s).city of__TIipolisfounded
-rrr,
byArvao.^neirlanguageoft:anaan ispracticallythesaneasHebrew.Babyloqiankingsc lainedsu;oreJnacyveruanaanandSyrla,thehornelandoftheAmorites.The"rrp"urugod.BaaL-wasx{elkarthsymbolizedby the sun-andbyhissidestoodBaa}atcrhiugbaa"us,palereflectionormoonintheir solarcharacter.oul-twcrshipelevetedthe iv"iorsto theheavensasAstarte, theIstarofFabS'lcnia,f1om.whichboth thecultu.reand nanederives.Tyrewas cc-ruledfromEgyptbyThotlmestheIIr 3ndthenRamsesrrofthergthdynistykeptpoweroverlandofTyre.Th"i.;a-"iiyr"beceneacenterofmanufactureoivaiieg'atedglass whichhad' derivedfronEeyplhoweverlongbeforebecauseof strategictradl.ngportcitiesonthei,{cuth oftireoronl"u.btOonuras famousforltsfine linenbutmost llkelyaBab-v.ton-i n i.r.,r"nlion.nutPhoeniciaorlglnallyoweditswealthandf ortunewas that
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of dyeinawithpurpte, obtainedfromthemurexorpurpleshellflsh.The reigning,lonarchyofTYrewas:"I.AbibaalwhoraisedTyre topromlnenee',, ITirarn,sonan,1 succeuuor(c6nternporary ofDavid& Solornan)).Sixthrrr.re ssorofAbibaalvrasrithbaawhosedaughterwed'Ahab offsrael(Jezebel)'L,r{atin-LaaiotArvadA,Airadof Israe1inB5lB.Clatbattleof,,i,arcar(Carcar)defeated.coaliticnofvresternkings'5.Rrmai-""io"- tbZO-tlt*BrC.),in seventhyealofhisreig5lcityDidoalso meansofCartnageuiusf oundedby'hisslster'ltlissa,f atherFelus'Tiissa).6.Elulacsusfor!yearsbesiegedbyAssyriankingShaInanoserlV
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Itlorsel{ythologyGodsValhalla, ha I1cfthegocis,abodeofwarriorsslainin battle.l.0d1norOtlrlni'redFrigga.OdinalsolYodenor','Vutan,thesuprenegodoftheTeutonlctri:rIes,bestower ofrnilsdorondvaIor.Ronans calledservices"rifsfls;1tDayttor'r/ednesday.Saeriflcesworemardeo0dinin cettle,horsosrcaptiveenenlesandevenold &.frail members ofatribleuntlllt4iddleAres;victims
nrrqharl ^rr4Ta hip.fr cl iff,
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?..ltriggawasgoddessmother andwifetoOdin-the-godandtothe real llveOdin.? Thnr. rrnrlof thuncicranCafriendtomanasbeing inc e ssantlyharrying(pil-
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lageor rald)tne frost-r'iantsvrith hi"s mig:hty hamnarnanedl/riolnia.'l/ordThursday developerlfromgodThor. Thorj.nhis f unctlonsandattributesls re-latedtothepotversofCreekZeusand the RomanJupiter.tpoTyrnamcforTuesdayanclagodofwarwithaswordelvingvictory tousersuchasfamedAtill-a-the-llun;TyrtsfestivalatvrintersolsticeL:hristmas; hewooedGerCa,daughterofGymlr,afrost-qiant,.Freyr isgodcfraj.n,peaee&fertility;his fatherl:lJorC&.motherFrl1'ga.b,Freyja 1s rodr.l.essofspring,love&fertitityand1sasister1e!'1eyerlrutof tcncrnfusedwi.thhernnotherFrigga.l,3alderis sonofOdin &:FriggaandabrothertoThor.Balderishusbandto'llunna.Ba}der i.spersonification ofpurlty&innocence;Balder hadahorrcrdreamasach1ld sohlsmotherexacted.oathfroma1lnatureereaturesbutfaileri torequirepledgefrommistLetoe.V.LoklJ"so.latesrruithevli deedssinceretting IIod.(tfrebllndrodofwar) to-shootdartsmadeofirilstletoeintoRalde::rsheart.q.HodistheblindflodofviarwhoshotmistlqtoedartstokiIIBalder.tt1.BJers-fclkarerebel anselsfallentoearth,aboutfourfeettaIIto the sixfootplusNorsemen, andthesewee-folk had redha1randcouICenterhumanhomesthropghaholeandbefriendmenbut seducewomen.[I.I,trord isasr:a-"odanr]f atherofFreyranriFreyja(mothertr'rigga)andappears'"lnsplritofviater andairand nnverabodily form,notcorporalever.LZ.aeglrifr,t"bandtoRan)wtth9daughters.He herdpolveroverstormywatersand'r'---i.'"g"i"Ot,cdswlth f oamyaIe,Hi;JourneytoAsrarcl revealshispowors.13.r/aUrallaisha Iof thegods,ailodeofwarriors slaininbattle .Entcred byz-it-o-doo"",througheac[of'whlch800\/arriorscou]d;narchabreast.'ilarriorsenr"afiediivrarfaiewj.thoneanotherastheirdaily. sport,buteachdaythelrwoundswere heale<lbeforethey satdownwith Odin(inmoderntlmesunder\l"fI,urjvri.sofilavgriaerectedfblO-L8l+7aGermanhaIIoffameirylth250 nnarble-stepsto theerli.fico)'It+.TireValkyries\NeTesupernaturalmaidonsofp-r^atbeautywhochosethe slainr-'in uatltefortransportationtohallsofvalharlaantihandedto theI'rarriorsthetrdrinklngrrorni-aitit"rrdallyfeagtswtth0d1n.The1rnunber1s var-iorrslypivenasthreeor somernulti.plethr'rreof .Theloveofoneof themBiunhlldeinspi.reddanceandsong.15,Biunhildeis oneofthevalkyrieswhoseloveforoneofthewarriorsinspired'danceandsongandtosr;girienaisthethemeofilagnerrsopereisrqGFRrcD'L6.t{lbelunrenlledorSoneoftfiel{ibetungs-isa^5thcentwybasedstorywrittenaboutIZO5A.D. and""Aiscou"reAin''L757,Song usecifbrorby scldlersgotngtowarintobattle.I'1VolstrrgaSasaisa mythlcalhlstor.yr'-Steurd-the-Volsung(ttreStegfried7',1'-S4,,gr-*-tue)ofVolsung&Nlnelungs;centralheroisofthellibelungenlled).
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