Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EN PEDIATRÍA
DR JOSÉ EDGARDO GASTELUM BENITEZ
MEDICO ADSCRITO URGENCIAS
PALPACIÓN
PERCUSIÓN
CABEZA (CONGO)
CUELLO
TORAX
ABDOMEN
PELVIS
EXTREMIDADES
A: respiración normal.
B: respiración de Cheyne-Stokes.
C: respiración de Biot.
D: respiración de Kussmaul.
EXAMEN FISICA
SISTEMA RESPIRATORIO
POLIPNEA DIF RESP SEVERA
<2/12 FR>60 CIANOSIS, AGITACIÓN Y ALT EDO ALERTA
2-12/12 FR> 50
LACTANTES NO SOLO LA FR
>12/12 FR> 40 Quejido, gruñido, AN, RX, AN, DTA, Ritmo, Rech a VO
DIFICULTAD RESPIRATORIA
Silverman & Anderson
DIF RESPCLASIFICACIÓN DE GRAVEDAD
Patrón
Respiratorio
RESPIRATORIO PALPACIÓN
RESPIRATORIO AUSCULTACIÓN
APARATO RESPIRATORIO
AUSCULTACIÓN.
Cardio vascular
FALLA CARDIACA EN NIÑOS
Dificultad o incapacidad para alimentarse
Diaforesis
Taquipnea
Taquicardia
Galope
Cardiomegalia
Hepatomegalia
Edema
Injurgitación yugular.
D) Pulmonary
A) Atrial septal defect B) Ventricular septal C) Tetralogy of Fallot stenosis, with
defect decreased
E) Endocardial F) Transposition of
cushion defects the great vessels G) Patent ductus H) Postductal
arteriosus CoAo
EXAMEN FISICO EN PEDIATRÍA
ABDOMEN
ABDOMEN
Abdomen :
El examen del abdomen se realiza enfocado
en tres contextos clinicos:
Exploración habitual:
Abdomen agudo ¿causas?
Distensión, estreñimiento, masas palpables,
dolor abdominal recurrente
ABDOMEN
Inspección:
Forma ,volumen, estado de superficie.
Distensión abdominal generalizada se debe a:
Grasa, liquido, estreñimiento, gas, megalias.
Distensión abdominal localizada:
Abdomen superior:
viseromegalias, intestino estomago.
Abdomen inferior: masas, heces.
ABDOMEN
CAUSAS DOLOR ABDOMINAL.
ABDOMEN
Palpación:
Manos limpias y tibias.
Explicar y pedir a un padre
que lo acompañe.
PALPAMOS
SISTEMATICAMENTE:
Hidago
Bazo
Riñones
Vejiga
Los cuatro cuadrantes.
TENDERNESS
Location
localised in appendicitis, hepatitis,
pyelonephritis; generalised in mesenteric
adenitis, peritonitis
Guarding
often unimpressive on direct palpation in
children. Pain on coughing, on moving
about/walking/bumps during car journey
suggests peritoneal irritation.
Back bent on walking may be from psoas
inflammation in appendicitis.
HEPATOMEGALY
Palpate from right iliac fossa.
Locate edge with tips or side of finger.
Edge may be soft or firm.
Unable to get above it.
Moves with respiration.
Measure (in cm) extension below costal
margin in mid-clavicular line.
Liver tenderness is likely to be due to
inflammation from hepatitis.
ANO-GENITAL AREA
In males:
Is the penis of normal size?
Is the scrotum well developed?
Are the testes palpable?
With one hand over the inguinal region, palpate
with the other hand.
Record if the testis is descended, retractile or
impalpable.
Is there any scrotal swelling (hydrocele or hernia)?
In females:
Do the external genitalia look normal?
Does the anus look normal? Any evidence of a fissure?
BONES AND JOINTS
Presentation of bone and joint disorders varies:
Inspect for - swelling from a joint effusion (loss of joint outline)
or synovial thickening, redness, pain on movement, loss of
function, muscle wasting above and below any swollen joints.
Palpate for - heat (comparing joints), tenderness, fluctuation of
effusion.
Movements - active before passive in order not to hurt the child.
Explain movements in child-friendly words. If necessary, show
on your own joints the movements you wish to test. Record joint
movement in degrees.
Limp - may be due to hip, knee or ankle pain. Hip pain may be
referred from the knee or vice versa.
Scoliosis - inspect the spine, especially in older
children/adolescents. Ask to stand straight (as a soldier!) and
then to touch toes.
Examen neurológico
CRANIAL NERVES
Preguntas?
“ Se quien soy
Me gusta lo que hago
Valoro mi trabajo y
Por lo tanto lo amo ”
Dr. Francisco
Valdez López