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HYPERNATREMIA
"You Are Fried"
F
- Fever (low), flushed skin
R
- Restless (irritable)
I
- Increased fluid retention &increased BP
E
- Edema (
peripheral and pitting)
D
- Decreased urinary output, drymouth
Can also use this one:
SALTS = Skin flushedA = AgitationL = Low-grade fever T = Thirst
Hyperkalemia
Signs & Symptoms IncreasedSerum K+
MURDER
M
- Muscle weakness
U -
Urine, oliguria, anuria
R-
Respiratory distress
D -
Decreased cardiaccontractility
E
- ECG changes
R
- Reflexes, hyperreflexia,or areflexia (flaccid)
HYPERKALEMIA Causes
of Increased Serum K+
“Machine
"
M
- Medications -
ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS
A
- Acidosis -
Metabolic and respiratory
C
- Cellular destruction -
Burns,traumatic injury
H
– Hypoaldosteronism/hemolysis
I
- Intake -
Excessive
N
- Nephrons,
renal failure
E
- Excretion -
Impaired
HYPOCALCEMIA
“CATS”C
- Convulsions
A
- Arrhythmias
T
- Tetany
S
- Spasms and stridor
Sx’s minor bleeding
:
BEEP
B
: Bleeding gums
E
: Ecchymoses (bruises)
E
: Epistaxis (nosebleed)
P
: Petechiae (tiny purplishspots). "HOOK" for
serum sickness
:each letter stands for a key signor symptom of serum sickness.
F
: Fever
A
: Arthralgias
R
: Rash
M
: Malaise
Cancer Assessment
CAUTION
C
: Change in bowel/ bladder habits
A
: A sore that doesn’t heal
U
: Unusual bleeding or discharge
T
: Thickening or lump
I
: Indigestion or difficultyswallowing
O
: Obvious changes in a wart or mole
N
: Nagging cough or hoarseness.
ABG's:
ROME
R
espiratory
O
pposite
M
etabolic
E
qual
Respiratory depressioninducing drugs
"
STOP
breathing":
S
edatives and hypnotics
T
rimethoprim
O
piates
P
olymyxins
COPD :
blue bloater vs. pink puffer diseases
em
P
hysema has letter
P
(and notB) so
P
ink
P
uffer.
chronic
B
ronchitis has letter
B
(and not P) so
B
lue
B
loater.
Croup: symptoms
3 S's:
S
tridor
S
ubglottic
s
welling
S
eal-bark cough
Neonatal resuscitation:successive steps
"
D
o
W
hat
P
ediatricians
S
ay
T
o,
O
r
B
e
I
nviting
C
ostly
M
alpractice"
D
rying
W
arming
P
ositioning
S
uctioning
T
actile stimulation
O
xygen
B
agging
I
ntubate endotracheally
C
hest compressions
M
edications
Asthma acute attack:5 life threatening signs
SHOCK
:
S
ilent chest
H
ypotension
O
ne third of best/predicted PFR
C
yanosis
K
onfusion
Pneumonia : risk factorsINSPIRATION
:
I
mmunosuppression
N
eoplasia
S
ecretion retention
P
ulmonary oedema
I
mpaired alveolar macrophages
R
TI (prior)
A
ntibiotics & cytotoxics
T
racheal instrumentation
I
V dug abuse
O
ther (general debility,immobility)
N
eurologic impairment of cough reflex, (eg NMJdisorders)
Asthma: management of acutesevere“O-SHIT”O- oxygen
(high dose: >60%)
S- salbutamol
(
5mg via oxygen-drivennebuliser)
H- Hydrocortisone
(or prednisolone)
I - Ipratropium bromide
(if lifethreatening)
T- theophylline
(or preferablyaminophylline-if life threatening
RDS -
Respiratory distress syndrome ininfants
: major risk factors
PCD
(Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, acause of Respiratory distresssyndrome):
P
rematurity
C
esarean section
D
iabetic mother
Lung cancer
:
main sites for distantmetastases
BLAB
:
B
one
L
iver
A
drenals
B
rain
Pneumothorax: sx
P-THORAX:
P
leuretic pain
T
rachea deviation
H
yperresonance
O
nset sudden
R
educed breath sounds (&dypsnea)
A
bsent fremitus
X
-ray shows collapse
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