Read without ads and support Scribd by becoming a Scribd Premium Reader.
See Premium Plans
 
Physilogy of mastication and deglutition
By:
Dr TanmaySrivastava
MDS 1
ST
YEARDepartment of Prosthodontics
 
Definition
The cyclic movement produced by the elevation and depression of the mandible as food is sheared and formed into a bolus in preparation for swallowing.
Introduction
Mastication of food is the initial stage in the process of digestion
Large pieces of food are reduced for swallowing
The food is broken apart and the
surface area increased for the efficient action of digestive enzymes
and tofacilitate solubilisation of food substances in saliva tosimulate taste receptors
In mammals mastication is characterized by large verticalmovements of the lower jaw usually on one side of thedentition
in humans teeth are admirably designed for chewing.
anterior teeth (incisors) for cutting and posterior (molars)for grinding action.
 
force can be exerted as great as
55 pounds on incisors
200 pounds on molars
most of the chewing process is controlled by the nuclei inthe brain stem.
Much of the chewing process is caused by a
chewingreflex, which may be
explained as follows:
 
Chewing reflex
 
Presence of bolus causes reflex inhibition of muscles of mastication causing lower jaw to drop.The drop in turn initiates a stretch reflex of the jaw musclesleading to rebound contraction.This automatically raises the jaw to cause closure of theteeth compressing the bolus against the linings of mouth.This inhibits jaw muscles once again allowing the jaw to dropand rebound another time ; this is repeated again and again.
MASTICATORY MOVEMENTS
•
Movements
•
chewing stroke
•
tooth contact
•
forces of mastication
•
role of soft tissue
•
role of saliva
•
Muscle activityChewing Stroke
Rhythmic
Opening and closing of the jaw is in
cyclic movement 
.
Controlled by CPG (central pattern generator)located in brain stem.
Chewing stroke is divided into
Opening movement
Closing movementa) crushing phaseb) grinding phase
Opening phase
•
During opening phase there is initial rotation of themandible for the first 20-27mm of interincisal distance.
Search
Search History:
Searching...
Result 00 of 00
00 results for result for
  • p.
    • Notes
    Load more