You are on page 1of 12

NCGUB

trSwf 58
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t
H rsK;d om;ñGeaYf ygi;f tpd;k & rS xkwaf 0onf/ Mo*kwf 2010

wdik ;f &if;om;ta&;twGuf a':atmifqef;pk-unf &Sw


d ,f/ 'Dval wGtukev f ;kH u a':atmifqef;pkMunf
udk av;pm;w,f/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u vGwfvyf
a&;acgi;f aqmifjzpfNy;D a':atmifqef;pkMunf[m 'Dru kd
a':atmifqef;pkMunfomvSsif wdik ;f jynf\ a&pDa&;acgi;f aqmifjzpfw,f/ olw&hkd yYJ iG v hf if;½d;k om;rI
trsKd;om;a&;? EdkifiHa&;jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Edkif aMumifU trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmiftjzpf todtrSwjf yKwm
rnfU ,aehumv\ wOD;wnf;aomtrsKd ;om;acgi;f jzpfw,f} [k ajymonf/
aqmifjzpfaMumif; z,fcNkH rKd eY ,f jynfov hl w
T af wmf xdkif;EdkifiH befaumufNrdKY&Sd EdkifiHjcm;owif;
udk,fpm;vS,f cGef;rm;udkbef;u befaumufNrdKY axmufrsm;toif;cef;rü BudKíusif;yaom tqdkyg
wGif ZGef (17)&ufü usi;f yaom a':atmifqef;pk a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ (65)ESpaf jrmufarG;aeh txdr;f
Munf\ (65)ESpaf jrmuf arG;aehtBuKd tcrf;tem; trSwftcrf;tem;odkh xdkif;EdkifiHqdkif&m uae'goHt
wGif xkwaf zmfajymMum;vdu k o f nf/ rwfBu;D &Ge[ f ufzrf ef;tygt0if tar&duefEiS Uf csuf
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if tH rsKd ;om;ñGeahf ygi;f oH½Hk;wdkhrS oHt&m&dSrsm;? u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t½Hk;
tpdk;&\ zuf&,fESifUwkdif;&if;om;a&;&m0efBuD; taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; aemfZzD ;kd &mpdet f ygt0if 'Drkd
vnf;jzpfol u,ef;wdik ;f &if;om; cGe;f rm;udb k ef;u ua&pDESifU trsKd;om;a&;wyfaygif;pk (10)zGJYrS acgif;
]jrefrmjynfrmS t"duvlrsK;d Bu;D wdik ;f &if;om; (8)rsK;d aqmifrsm;? xdik ;f Edik if t H xufvw T af wmfEiS Uf jrefrmUa&;
&m tmqD,v H w T af wmftrwfrsm;tpkOuú| c½dik q f wf
v+y&f mS ;aeaom tzJ@G csKyf cßeG [f mAefww hkd ufa&mufMuonf/
&Sr;f jynfjyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;aumifpD OuúX
&Sr;f jynfwyfrawmf (awmifyikd ;f ) OD;pD;csKyf 'kAv kd cf sKyBf u;D
&Gupf pfuvnf; (52)ESpaf jrmuf &Sr;f awmfveS af &;aeh
jzpfaom ar (21)&ufu wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;tyg
t0if jrefrmEdik if jH ynfot l m;vH;k a':atmifqef;pkMunf
udk qufvufaxmufcMH u&ef aqmfMocJo U nf/ ¤if;u
a':atmifqef;pkMunfomvQif Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;ESiUf
wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm; csKyq f ckd o
UJ nfU yifvpkH mcsKyf
udk a&SaY qmiftaumiftxnfazmfEikd o f nf[k ajymcJU
onf/ t
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
, ck v zwf p 7m
ygwDatmufajcxkESifU ydkxdawGY&ef a': jynfwGif;'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmifrsm;u Zlvdkif (2) 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
atmifqef;pkMunfu rSmMum;ojzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd &ufwiG f 0kid ;f 0ef;vufrw S af &;xk;d Ny;D nDvmcHohkd ydhk owif;vTmtmabmf
a&pDtzGJYcsKyfacgif;aqmifrsm;u wdkif;ESifUjynfe,f vdkufonf/ ,if;nDvmcHudk ydkvefEdkifiHjcm;a&; (nDnGwfa&;rS vGwfvyfa&;odkY ) 2
rsm;&Sd tzJGY0ifrsm;xHoGm;a&mufawGYqHkrIrsm;jyKvkyf 0efBuD; uruxvkyfNyD; tar&duefEkdifiHjcm;a&;
aeMuonf/ ZGef (20)&ufrpS wifum A[dt k vkyf 0efBu;D tygt0if Ekid if aH ygi;f (20)ausmrf S Ekid if jH cm; a&G;aumufyGJ&yfwnfcsuf 3
trIaqmif OD;tke;f BuKd iEf iS Uf A[dt k vkyaf umfrwD0if a&;0efBu;D rsm;ESiUf urÇmwvTm;rS vlt h cGit
Uf a&;t ydwfqkdYMu ta&;,lMu 3
OD;Munf0if;wdo hk nf rEÅav;wdik ;f rd;k ukw?f oydwf zGt
YJ pnf;aygi;f w&mausmw f ufa&mufcMUJ uonf/
usi;f ? rwå&m? ykord Bf u;D ? rdwv D¦ m? jrif;Nc?H ausmuf tzGYJcsKyf A[kdtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY0if OD; ,aeY EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; 4
yef;awmif;? anmifOD;ESifU rauG;wkdif;? yckuúLodkh [HomjrifEU iS Uf ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f pnf;tzG0YJ if rH&k mG atmif Nidrf;csrf;a&; 4
oGm;a&mufcJUouJUodkh OD;0if;wif? OD;[Homjrifh? &Sifwdkhonf ppfudkif;wdkif;ESifU ucsifjynfbufodkh jynfaxmifpk zJGYpnf;a&; jyóem 5
A[ef;Ouú| OD;atmifjrifhwdkhuvnf; u&ifjynf c&D;xGucf &UJ m ZGef (30)&ufwiG f a&TbNdk rKd eY ,f? Zlvikd f olwdk Ypum; 6
ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&eJY a&G;aumufyGJ 6
vIdif;bGJESifU zm;tHNrdKYrsm;odkh ZGef (19)&ufwGif p (1)&ufwiG f jrpfBu;D em;NrKd EY iS Uf ywf0ef;usiNf rKd eY ,frsm;?
rD;awmufrD;vQH 7
wifoGm;a&mufNyD; u&ifjynfrStzGJYcsKyf0ifrsm;ESifU (2)&ufwGif rdk;n§if;tygt0if teD;&SdNrdKYe,frsm;rS aMomf . . . etz 8
(21)&ufaehwiG f awGq Y akH qG;aEG;cJo
U nf/ tzGcJY sKy0f ifrsm;ESiUf awGq
Y ckH o
UJ nf/ xdrk w S qifU rEÅav; a&TUajymif; 9
ydv
k efEikd if üH usi;f yaeonfU urÇm'h rD u kd a& jyefqif;NyD; rHk&Gm-acsmif;OD;-t&mawmf-bkwvif wyfrawmfBuD; ... 10
pDvlYtzGJYtpnf;nDvmcHü a'gufwmcifaZmf0if;u NrKd rY sm;rSwqifh csi;f jynfbuf c&D;qufxu G cf o
UJ nf/ jzpf&yfrSef 11
jrefrmh'rD udk a&pDa&;vIy&f mS ;olrsm;ud, k pf m; wuf Zlvikd f (30)&ufwiG f tJit f ,fv'f D A[dt k vkyt f rI rif;rJh 12
a&mufrt I m; uefu h u
G af Mumif; tzGcYJ sKytf ygt0if (pmrsue
f m
S 2 okhd) vlowf 12
2 Mo*kwf 2010

“nDnwG af &;rS vGwvf yfa&;ok@d ” Edik if wH um aoG;pnf;a&;


]&Spaf v;vk;H ta&;awmfy}Hk (22)ESpjf ynfcU NUJ y/D 1988 ckEpS f Mo*kwv f (8)&ufwiG f jrefrmUordik ;f ü ZGef (7)&ufu jyifopfEdkifiHrS emrnfausmf
rBuKpH zl; tvGeBf u;D rm;onfU vlxt k <Hk urIBu;D jzpfymG ;cJo U nf/ ppftmPm&Sif Adv k af e0if;ESiw Uf uG aemuf Mum;xif&Sm;aom yg&D"mwfyHkqkNydKifyGJ PX3 Edkif
vdu k rf sm;jzpfMuonfU Adv k pf ed v
f iG ?f a'guw f marmifarmifponfU tmPm&Sio f rw (3)a,muf qufwu kd f iHa&;owif; "mwfyu kH @ü t*FvefEikd if rH S tvGwf
jyKwu f sco UJ nf/ wygwt D mPm&Sipf epfvnf; NyKd usysuo f Ok ;f cJ&U onf/ þtcsurf sm;um; &Spaf v;vk;H wef;"mwfyHkq&m *sdrf;rufau;onf jrefrmEdkifiHt
ta&;awmfyBHk u;D \ xl;jcm;csuyf ifjzpfonf/ (22)ESpMf umcJaU omfvnf; ]ta&;awmfypHk w d "f mwf} um; aMumif; ½du k u f ;l xm;onfU "mwfyrkH sm;jzifU yxrESiUf
qufvufxeG ;f vif;aeqJjzpfonf/ ta&;awmfyu Hk rkd rSvD u kd Mf uonfU touf 25-30 vli,frsK;d quf 'kw, d qkrsm; &&So d mG ;onf/ yxrqkrmS ]vlvyk u f yf
wdyhk ifvsS if acwfru D eG yf sLwm tifwmeufueG , f ufrsm;aumif;rIaMumifU &Spaf v;vk;H ta&;awmfyHk jzpfpOf ab;'PfcH&&Smol uav;i,frsm;} acgif;pOfjzifU
ysupf Ofrsm;udk t&if;twdik ;f odaeMuNyjD zpfonf/ ]2007 a&T0ga&mifoC H mawmfrsm;\ ta&;awmfy}Hk r,fawmfaq;cef;rS vlemuav;i,frsm;\ b0udk
onfyif &Spaf v;vk;H ta&;awmfyBHk u;D \ rNy;D jywfao;aom wm0efrsm;udk qufvufazmfaqmifjcif;[k azmfjyxm;onf"U mwfyjkH zpfNy;D 'kw, d qkrmS ]vGwv f yf
qdEk ikd af yonf/ aomfvnf; rvGwv f yf} acgi;f pOfjzifU OD;0if;wift
pifppf 1990 a&G;aumufyGJusif;yay;cJU&jcif;onfyifvSsif 1988 vlxkta&;awmfykH\ t ygt0if jrefrmUEdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;taMumif;
usK;d qufjzpfonf/ vGwv f yfa&;? w&m;rSswa&;ESiUf wef;wla&;qdo k nfU 'Dru kd a&pDEiS Uf vlt h cGit Uf a&; "mwfyjkH zpfonf/
todtjrifrsm;udk ta&;awmfyu Hk &Sio f efapcJo U nf/ ppftmPm&Sipf epfukd pdeaf c:tefwEk ikd pf rG ;f &Sad om ZGefvyxrywftwGif;rSmyif EdkifiHwum
vlxak cgi;f aqmif a':atmifqef;pkMunfEiS t Uf wl trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGcYJ sKyu f kd arG;xkwaf y;cJo U nf/ vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifUtzGJhBuD;uvnf; bm;rm;AGDa*s
1988 vlxt k a&;awmfyw Hk iG f jynfov l x l u k vGwv f yfa&;? w&m;rSswa&;? wef;wla&;wdu hk kd owif;½ky&f iS u f m;twGuq f rk sm;ESiw Uf uG jrefrmEdik if \ H
awmif;cJo U nf/ 1990 a&G;aumufyw JG iG f vlxu k xd'k rD u kd a&pDtcGit Uf a&;rsm;azmfaqmifa&;twGuf ]vG w f v yf a omowif ; pmq&mtm;vH k ; twG u f
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJYcsKyftm; a&G;cs,fwm0efay;cJUonf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyfuvnf; txl;qk} csD;jr§ifUcJUonf/
'Dru kd a&pDjynfaxmifpk jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&mwGif wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkjH ynfov l xl \k oabmqE´ 'Drukd &ufwpfjrefrmUtoH owif;axmufrsm;
rsm;udt k ajccHa&; rl0g'rsm; csrw S cf o UJ nf/ xdrk 0l g'rsm;ESit Uf nD tzGcYJ sKyo f nf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkEikd if H ½du
k u f ;l í tDAef0v D srf wnf;jzwfaom ]rkew f idk ;f \
a&;ygwD (21)ckaygif;pkxm;aom jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf (UNLD) ESifU rdbrJu U av;i,frsm;} rSww f rf;½ky&f iS u f kd ZGef (22)
pnf;a0;wdkifyifcJUonf/ 1990 Mo*kwfv(29)&ufaehwGif yifvkHtESpfom& (odkhr[kwf) 'Drdkua&pD &ufu NAw d ed Ef ikd if H vef'efNrKdüY ]wurÇmwnf;rD', D m}
a&;ESiUf wef;wla&;udak zmfaqmif&ef Adv k af tmifausmv f rf;xkwjf yefaMunmcsuu f kd yl;wGx J w k jf yefco UJ nf/ qkcs;D jri§ v
Uf u kd o f nf/ ½du k u
f ;l olwOD;jzpfaom udak iGp;dk
etzppftyk pf o k nf twdwu f trSm;udk vk;H 0ocFe;f pmr,lb?J 2008 zGpYJ nf;ykt H wkukd aumuf vif;udk etztmPmydik w f zhkd rf;Ny;D axmif (13)ESpf
usppf Of;vJpmG aoewfjyNcrd ;f ajcmuf twnfjyKco UJ nf/ qufvufí twkta,mifa&G;aumufyw JG ck cscoUJ nf/
xyfvyk &f ef pdik ;f jyif;aejyefonf/ 1990 a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd taumiftxnfazmfray;bJ? aemuf tm&Svpfb&,fESifU 'Drdku&ufaumifpD
a&G;yGJwckvkyf&ef BuH&G,faejcif;jzpf\/ vuf&Sd etz xkwfjyefonfU a&G;aumufyGJOya' (5)&yfESihf (CALD) tzGJYu jrefrmU'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmif a':
Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w Hk ifOya'rsm;onf Edik if o H m;wd\ hk tajccH&ydik cf iG rUf sm;udk xyfrcH sK;d azmufjcif;jzpfonf/ atmifqef;pkMunfudk yxrqHk;*kPfxl;aqmiftzGJY
xdjhk yif ,if;Oya'rsm;onf 1990 a&G;aumufy&JG v'ftm; wzufowfzsuo f rd ;f vdu k o f nfo U abmrSsru? 0iftjzpf ZGef (29)&ufu a½G;cs,v f u
kd of nf/ t
ukvor*¾ESifU EdkifiHwumrdom;pk\ tBuHjyKcsufjzpfaom ]a&G;aumufyGJrwdkifrD EdkifiHa&;tusOf;
om;rsm;vTwaf &;? tm;vk;H yg0ifciG &Uf o dS nfU vGwv f yfrsS waom a&G;aumufyjJG zpfa&;} udv k nf; jiif;y,f (a7Shz;Hk rS)
vdu k jf cif;jzpfonf/ tqd;k qk;H tcsurf mS ppftmPm&Sipf epfukd A[djk yKxm;onfU ]2008 em*pfzpYJG nf;ykH aqmifrsm;jzpfaom OD;ñGefha0? OD;pdk;0if;ESifU OD;OmPf
Oya'} udk av;pm;apmifaU &Smufygrnf[k 0efccH suv f ufrw S af &;xd;k cdik ;f jcif;jzpfonf/ etzvky&f yfonf 0if;wdo hk nf yJc;l NrKd o
Y o hkd mG ;a&mufNy;D yJc;l NrKd t
Y ygt0if
ppftmPm&Sipf epf qufvufoufq;kd &Snaf &;omjzpfNy;D ? 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if xH al xmifa&; vk;H 0r[kwaf Mumif; yJc;l c½dik t
f wGi;f rS tzJcYG sKy0f ifrsm;ESiUf ygwaD &Sv Y yk if ef;
xif&mS ;onf/ pOfrsm; aqG;aEG;cJUMuonf/
jynfwiG ;f ppfcsKyNf ird ;f ap&efenf;vrf;rSm wenf;om&S\ d / yifvu Hk wdukd av;pm;opöm&Sad &;jzpf &efukef&dS NAdwdoQoH½Hk; yxrtwGif;0ef ½k
onf/ vlrsKd;a&; wef;wlnDrSscGifU&Sda&;? EdkifiHa&;wef;wlnDrSscGifU&Sda&;? udk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifUtjynfUt0&Sd vufwvD*sK;H u tJet f ,f'\ D vuf&t Sd aetxm;
a&;wdkhudk tmrcHjcif;onf yifvkHuwdudk opöm&Sd&ma&mufayonf/ 1988 vlxkta&;awmfykHwGif udk odvdkojzifU Zlvdkif (12)&ufwGif tJeft,f'D
&[ef;&Siv f al usmif;om;jynfow l hkd xkwaf zmfcaUJ om qE´tppftrSerf mS yifvn Hk v D mcHoabmwlncD suf 'k-Ouú| OD;wifOD;aetdrfodkh vma&mufawGYqHkcJU&m
udk jyefvnfav;pm;vdkufem&ef awmif;qdkjcif;jzpfonf/ tJet f ,f'u D rdrw d yhkd gwo D nf ,ckcsed x f d w&m;0if
xdkhaMumifU vGefcJUonfU(22)ESpfu jynfolaxmifaomif;csD toufaoG;acGs;ay;qyfcJU&aom &yfwnfNy;D vIy&f mS ;aqmif&u G af eqJjzpfaMumif; &Si;f
]&Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykHpdwf"mwf} onf ,aehjrefrmEdkifiHolEdkifiHom; vlrsm;pkBuD;\&ifxJwGif jyvdkufonf/ t
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
ude;f 0yfaeqJ&o dS nf/ ta&;awmfypHk w d "f mwfE;kd xaeorSs ]wdik ;f &if;om;wdik ;f ud, k MUf ur®m ud, k zf efw;D 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
owif;rsm;udk 'DAGDbD? AGDtdkat?
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
ydik cf iG &Uf &Sad &;wdu k yf }JG vnf; &Sio f efaernfjzpfonf/ wdu k yf yJG pfrw S rf mS ]2008 ppfzpYJG nf;ykw H u kd zf suaf &;? 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
tmtufzfat? bDbDpD? acwfNydKif? ½dk;r3?
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
2010 a&G;aumufyGJtwkwdkufzsufa&;} jzpfonf/ odkhjzpfí 'Drdkua&pDbufawmfom;wdkhtaejzifU 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
/ ed&Oö&m? rZÑdr?
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
FBR, Kaowao, IMNA
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
wdu k yf &JG nfreS ;f csujf ynfaU jrmufa&;twGuf rdrw d t hkd csi;f csi;f tMum; ]ppfreS u f spv f pfcikd rf maom nDñw G f 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
{&m0wD? &Srf;oHawmfqifU? uEÅm&0wDwdkif;rf?
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
a&;wyfO;D w&yf wnfaqmufMu} [k ñGeahf ygi;f owif;vTmu txl;EI;d aqmfvu kd &f ayonf/ / 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
jynfwGif;owif;*sme,frsm;ESifU tifwmeuf
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
wkdhrS &,lygonf/
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& rS xkwfa0onf/
!Ge@f aygif;owif;v$m Mo*kwf 2010 3

qH;k jzwfjcif;? tJ'u D aewqifU 'D 2008 ppftajccH


tzJ@G csKyf. a&G;aumufyGJ &yfwnfcsuf Oya'udjk iif;y,fjcif;qdw
oabmayguNf y;D awmU bmjzpfvq
k mawGukd jynfov
J akd wmU tJit
l xl u
k
f ,fvf
trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGcYJ sKyf A[dt k vkyt f rI 'Dr&SdvJ tJeft,fvf'Dvkyfovdk vkyfr,f qdkwJU
aqmif OD;0if;wifu a&G;aumufyGJqefhusifa&;&yf oabmxm;awGuawmUay:w,f/ wu,fvyk Ef ikd jf cif;?

$m
wnfcsuEf iS yUf wfoufí Zlvikd f (12)&ufwiG f ,ck rvkyEf idk jf cif;uawmh wydik ;f aygAU sm/
vdk ajymcJUonf/ ]jynfov l x l &k YJ t"duwkejhf yefcsuu f awmh bmvJ

f;v
]tJift,fvf'D[m tckaemufqHk;a½G;aumufyGJudk qdak wmU 'Da½G;aumufyu JG kd tJit f ,fv'f u D ausm
r0ifzt hdk wGuf rwfv (29)&ufaehu qH;k jzwfvu kd f cdik ;f ovdb k ?J jynfov l xl u k vJ ausmcdik ;f r,fqw kd UJ
wJU qH;k jzwfcsuu f kd axmifxrJ mS &Sw d UJ vlawGtm;vH;k oabmxm;udk azmfxkwfMujcif;jzpfygw,f/ 'gt
uaeNyD;awmU 'gudkaxmufcHw,f/ *kPf,lw,f vGefta&;BuD;wJUqHk;jzwfcsuf? jynfolvlxk&JY azmf
0rf;omw,fqw kd pUJ um;awG usaemftrd w f ikd ;f vdv
k rdk mS jycsuEf pS cf jk zpfw,fvhkd usaemfajymcsiyf gw,f/ odrhk
tenf;eJt Y rsm;aygAh sm? Mum;cJ&U wJpU um;jzpfygw,f/ [kwv f &hdk &dS ifvJ jrefrmjynfov l x l &k YJ Edik if aH &;tod
usaemfwu hdk .kd .. axmifxu J aeyg;vdu k w f UJ owif;p <u,f0jcif;? av;eufjcif;udk azmfjyw,fvhkd usaemf

wi
um;jzpfwJUtwGuf usaemfwkdhuvJ trsm;BuD;udk tJvb kd aJ jymjycsiyf gw,fAf sm/
tm;wuf&w,fAsm/ trSet f wdik ;f ajym&&if usaemf ]'Daeh tJit f ,fv'f u D xGuo f mG ;wJv U al wG&YJ pum;
wk&Yd YJ 'Dq;kH jzwfcsuu f vJ jrefrmjynf&YJ Edik if aH &;ordik ;f toH;k tEIe;f eJaY jym&&if tJit f ,fv'f [ D m Oya'vrf;
rSm tvGet f a&;Bu;D wJU tcsK;d tauGBY u;D jzpfygw,f/ aMumif;xJrSm r&Sdbl;/ Oya'jyifyrSm&Sdw,fqdkwJU
]'Da½G;aumufyGJudk r0ifjcif;tm;jzifU usaemfwkdh[m tcgusawmU olwdkhajymwJUOya'vrf;aMumif;
2008 ppftajccHOya'BuD; w&m;0ifvkyfay;r,fU w,f/ ay:qdkwm olwkdhu 2008 tajccHOya'vrf;
vrf;aMumif;ay:rmS vufajrm§ uf';l axmuf tm;vsm; ]tckusaemfwhkd e,fawGuq kd if;oGm;Munfw U t
UJ cgrmS aMumif;ay:rmS &Sw d m/ usaemfwu hkd awmh ppftajccH
arSmufNy;D awmU? tayguu f 0kd ifNy;D awmU wd;k wmrvkyf jynfov
l xl [k m ckeajymovdk (1) tJet f ,fv'f &D YJ Oya'udk qefhusifwJU ppfrSefwJUw&m;Oya'vrf;
if;o
bJehJ jynfou l o kd pömcHwo UJ abmw&m;eJh usaemfwhdk 'DtvGefta&;ygwJU rwfv (29)&ufaehqHk;jzwf aMumif;ay:rmS &Sad ewJt U wGuf usaemfw[ hkd m arSmif
&yfwnfjcif;jzpfw,fqkdwmudk ausmif;om;vli,f csufudk rSefw,fvdkh wcJeufajymMuw,f/ (2) xJrJxJoGm;aewm r[kwfbl;/ ckeajymcJUwJU Orif
awGqu D aeNy;D awmU 'Dvpdk um;rsK;d ukd jyefNy;D awmU& uawmU bmbJajymaeae tJit f ,fv'f D a½G;aumufyJG vIP d af cgi;f xJu tvif;a&mifujdk rif&wJv h al wGvkd
wJUtcgusawmh usaemfwkdhtrsm;BuD; tm;wufyg r0ifbl; qHk;jzwfjcif;? ygwDudkrSwfyHkrwifbl;vdkh usaemfwdkhcHpm;&w,f/} t

ydwf qk@d -u t a&; ,l -u


f‹ayg

ukvor*¾ vlhtcGifUta&;txl;pkHprf;ppfaq;olt Ekid if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D [Dvm&Duvifwefqo D hdk pma&;


jzpf wm0ef,cl zUJ ;l aom ukvor*¾t&m&dS yife½J ;kd u om;awmif;qkv d u dk o f nf/
vnf; Zlvidk f (23)&ufxw k f 0g&iS w
f efyphkd f owif;pm vlth cGit Uf a&;csK;d azmufaeonfU etztay:
wGif ]jrefrmEdkifiHü tdkbm;rm;\½IH;edrfUrI} [laom ydwq f rYdk t
I a&;,lro I ufwrf; wESpx f yfw;dk zdYk tar&d
acgi;f pOfjzifU tar&duefEikd if t H aeESiUf etzppftyk pf k ueftxufvw T af wmf b@ma&;aumfrwDu ZGef
tay: bufaygif;pHkzdtm;wdk;jr§ifU&ef awmif;qdka&; (30)&ufwGif 22 rJ 1 rJESifU twnfjyKvdkuf
om;vdu k Nf y;D ppf&mZ0wfrrI sm;pHpk rf;ppfaq;zdhk ukv onf/ ,if;odkhoufwrf;wdk;a&;udk tar&duef
or*¾pHkprf;a&;aumfr&Sifw&yf zGJYpnf;&efvnf; atmufvTwfawmfu Zlvdkif (14)&ufwGif uefh
!Ge

axmufcv H u
dk o f nf/ vuf&dS jrefrmEdik if q
H ikd &f m ukv uGuo f rl &Sd xyftwnfjyKvu kd Nf y;D txufvw T af wmf
or*¾vt hl cGitUf a&;txl;pkpH rf;ppfaq;ol uGiw f m; uvnf; Zlvdkif (22)&ufwGif axmufcHrJ 99 rJ?
em;uvnf; etz ppf&mZ0wfrrI sm; pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&; uefu h u G rf wJ rJEiS Uf twnfjyKvu kd of nf/ etzESiUf
aumfr&Sif zGpYJ nf;&ef ,ckEpS rf wfvu axmufct H qufqHa&;udk aqmfMuaeol txufvTwfawmf
1992 rS 1996 txd jrefrmEdkifiHqdkif&m MujH yKcNUJ y;D xif&mS ;aomurÇmw U &m;olBu;D ig;OD;uvnf; trwf *si0f uf ud, k wf ikd f ydwq f ahkd &;udk axmufcH
ukvor*¾vlhtcGifUta&; txl;pkHprf;ppfaq;olt pHkprf;a&;aumfr&SifzGJYzdkh tOD;qHk;awmif;qdkcJUonf/ rJay;cJo U nf/
jzpfwm0ef,cl zUJ ;l aom ukvor*¾t&m&dS ,dZk , kd u kd kd Zlvdkif (30)&ufwGif tar&duef txuf þodjhk zifU etz ppftpd;k &udk qufvufyw d f
wmu jrefrmtpk;d &\ ppf&mZ0wfrrI sm;ukd pkpH rf;ppf vTwaf wmftrwf (32)OD;u etzppftpk;d &\ vl qdt hk a&;,la&;Oya'pwiftouf0ifap&ef tar&d
aq;NyD; ta&;,l&ef *sumwmykdYpf owif;pmwGif om;rsKd;EG,fqefhusifa&;&mZ0wfrIrsm; pkHprf;azmf ueforw tdkbm;rm;u Zlvdkif (27)&ufwGif
Zlvdkif (6)&ufu a&;om;awmif;qdkvkdufonf/ xkwfay;a&; ukvor*¾aumfr&Sifw&yf zGJYpnf;zkdh vufrSwfxdk; twnfjyKvdkufonf/ t
2001 ckrS 2008 cktxd jrefrmEdik if q
H ikd &f m udpöukd orwtkdbm;rm;tpkd;&uaxmufcH&ef
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& rS xkwfa0onf/
4 Mo*kwf 2010 !Ge@f aygif;owif;v$m
ay;cJNU y;D tvSL&Sirf sm;tay:rw l nfí tultnDrsm;
,ae@ Edik if aH &;tusOf;om; tiftm;pke@J twl &yfwnfaeygw,f wdk;ay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
Zlvikd f (13)&ufwiG f ajrmufOuúvmyNrKd eY ,f
oGm;a&mufcJU&m udkZm rS 88 ausmif;om; udky@dwfxGef;\ tdrfokdhoGm;
*em\ tdrw f iG f 88 rsKd ; a&mufNy;D ,if;tdrrf mS yif tjcm;Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;
qufausmif;om;acgif; rsm;jzpfonfU MunfomxGe;f ? at;oDwm? xGe;f xGe;f

$m
aqmif udt k b hH , G af usmf Edkif? armifarmifjrifh? OD;odef;vGifOD;? OD;&JjrifUwkdh\
\tar a':wifwif rdom;pkrsm;ukd awGq Y cHk o
UJ nf/ xdak emuf tif;pdeb f uf

f;v
0if;udk¤if;? udkjyHK;csKd\ &Sd a'gufwmae0if;\ aetdrfodkh oGm;NyD; a'gufwm
tdrw f iG f rrD;rD;ESiUf [ef ae0if;rdom;pkESifUtwl rNzdK;NzdK;atmif? udkaZmfaZmf
eDO;D wd\
hk rdom;pkrsm;udk atmif? ud'k ND ird ;f vif;? &Jjrwf[ed ;f ? udx k eG ;f xGe;f Edik w
f hkd
¤if; awGYqHktm;ay;cJU \ rdom;pk0ifrsm;udk awGYqHkcJUonf/
onf/ Zlvikd f (16)&ufwiG f 88 rsK;d qufausmif;om;
tJeft,f'D 'k-Ouú| OD;wifOD;? tvkyftrI Zlvdkif (6)&ufwGif EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; Edik if aH &;tusO;f om; 10 OD;jzpfaom ud*k sirf ?D reDvm
aqmif OD;0if;wifESifU vli,ftcsKdYonf ZGef (29) rdom;pk(5)pkudk oGm;a&mufawGYqHk tm;ay;pum; ode;f ? rrmrmOD;? udak tmifEikd ?f udak ebke;f vwf? udpk nf

awGq
wi
&ufwiG f 88 rsKd ;qufausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif rif;
udkEdkifESifU udkudkBuD;wdkh rdom;pkrsm;xH oGm;a&muf
Y kH tm;ay;pum;ajymcJMU uonf/
Zlvikd f (2)&ufwiG v f nf; ¤if;wdo
hk nf a':ar
0if;jrifU OD;aqmifonfU A[kdtrsdK;orD;vkyfief;tzGJY
ESifUtwl EdkifiHausmfvl&Tifawmf udkZm*emESifU 88
ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkNyHK;csKdwdkhtdrfrsm;odkh
ajymMum;cJ&U m 88 ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif udrk if; olarmif? OD;yDwm? udv
aZ,sEiS Uf rav;av;rGew
udo
f \
hkd tdrEf pS t f rd o f ohkd mG ;Ny;D wifro
k ufaZmf? udak omfZifxeG ;f ? udÚk mPfvif;\ rdom; ajymMum;cJo
pk0ifrsm;udyk g awGq Y ckH o
UJ nf/
Zlvdkif (5)&ufwGif tzGYJcsKyfu EdkifiHa&;t vmonfU Adv
usO;f om; (607)OD;\rdom;pkrsm;twGuf axmufyUH u (16)&ufwGif oGm;a&mufawGYqHkcJUonf/ t
aiGay;tyfc&UJ m wOD;udk usyif g;axmifpD axmufyUH
U nf/
k rS sKd ;aemif? rEdb
d m;pkrsm;udk oGm;a&mufawGq

Zlvdkif (15)&ufü uomaxmifrS jyefvGwf


k Bf u;D a[mif;OD;0if;xdeu
k ,fat;? OD;oef;
Y NkH y;D tm;ay;pum;

f v kd nf; OD;wifO;D
if;o
(wzuf rS) vlrsK;d a&;t& ESpaf ygi;f &SnMf umpGm jzpfay:cUJ &efoifNU y/D vlrsK;d a&;t&jzpfay:aeaom jyóemrsm;
jynfaxmifpzk pYJG nf;ykrH sm;ukd avUvm? rdrw d Ehdk idk if t H aomjyóemukd twkta,mifjynfaxmifpkjzifU ukd ajz&Si;f Ny;D 'Dru dk a&pDtcGit Uf a&;? vlt Y cGit Uf a&;
ajctaeESifUaygif;pyf? vlrsKd;pkHacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifU vSnfhpm;ír&yg/ ykdrkdpkpnf;tm;aumif;&efqkdNyD; w rsm;ukyd g jznfpU u G v f u dk yf gu wrsK;d om;vk;H pnf;vk;H nD
n§Ed idI ;f Ny;D zdEydS cf sKycf s,pf ;dk rk;d rIuif;aom trsm;vuf jynfaxmifpepfjzifU vlrsK;d uGt J oGiu f dk azsmufzsuf ñGwaf &;ukd ajrBu;D vufcwfrvGJ &&Sv d mygvrd rUf nf/
cHEkdifonfUykHpHopfjzifU ppfrSefaomzuf'&,fjynf &ef BuKd ;yrf;rIonfvnf; tm;raumif;Ekid b f J ykí d ykíd xkt d cg at;csr;f om,mNy;D zGNYH zKd ;wk;d wufaom jynf
axmifpkukd zGJYpnf;EkdifrSom ußGEkfyfwkdhEkdifiHtwGif; om tm;enf;vmapcJUonfukd awGY&rnfjzpfonf/ axmifpf Bk u;D ukd vG,u f pl mG trSew f u,fazmfaqmif
jzpf&adS eonfU vlrsK;d a&;t&rke;f wD;rI? &efjyKwu dk cf u dk f aemufq;Hk rsK;d quf tESpif g;q,fausmf vufawGeY ,f EkdifygvdrfUrnf/ t
rIrsm;ukd ajz&Sif;EkdifayvdrfUrnf/ y,fwGif prf;oyfcJUNyD;jzpfí vrf;rSefukdavsSmufMu Edkif[Hom (rGefjynfopfygwD)

_idr;f csrf;a&; _idr;f csrf;a&;vd@k qukd m


f‹ayg

] ZGef (21)&ufnu txl;a'o-4 rdkif;vm;Nidrf;csrf;a&;wyfzGJY xdef; csr;f a&;tzGYJ wyfr[m(5) acgi;f aqmif Akv d rf LS ;Bu;D apmvm;yG,f (Akv d Ef w
I cf rf;
csKyef ,fajrtwGi;f trnfrodvw l pku etz Xmeqdik &f m½k;H (4)ckrS tvH(4)ck arT;) u Zlvidk f (21)&ufü jiif;qefvu kd o
f nf/ e,fjcm;apmifw U yfajymif;vJa&;
pvH;k udjk zKwcf sNy;D tydik ;f ydik ;f ckwx f pfjzwfawmufypfvu kd of nf/ vufrcHaMumif;ESiUf ppfa&;toifU jyifxm;aMumif;qk;H jzwfcsuu f kd a0:av*Gi&f dS
] Zlvdkif (12)&ufu pufrI-1 0efBuD;atmifaomif;u ucsiftwdkif a'ocHu&ifvlxkrsm;udkvnf; (21)&ufü csjyaqG;aEG;cJU&m a'ocHrsm;u
yifct H zGuYJ kd jrpfBu;D em;wGif awGq Y akH jymMum;&mü a'guw f mwl;*smonf aomif; tjynft U 0axmufccH MUJ uonf/ wyfr[m(5) vufatmufwiG f uvkx d ;l abm
use;f ol odrhk [kwf rw&m;toif;ESiUf qufo, G af eojzihf Edik if aH &;ygwrD wS yf w
kH if AsL[m(1)ckEiS Uf wyf&if;(5)&if;wd&hk NdS y;D wyftiftm; (1200)ausmjf zifh u&ifjynf
!Ge

jcif;Oya' tcef; 2 yk'rf 4(p) rS jyXmef;xm;csurf sm;t& ygwaD xmifciG rUf ay; jr0wDNrdKYe,fESifU Mumtif;qdyfBuD;NrdKYe,fwdkhwGif tajcpdkufvSsuf&Sdonf/
jcif;jzpfonf[k autdik t f Nkd ird ;f csr;f a&;tzGu YJ kd &nfñeT ;f ajymMum;oGm;onf/ etz ] e,fjcm;apmifw U yftjzpf toGiaf jymif;cJaU om ucsijf ynf txl;a'
a&G;aumufyJGaumfr&Sifuvnf; ucsifjynfe,fwdk;wufa&;ygwD Ouú| o-1 tJe'f aD t-au Nird ;f csr;f a&;tzGrYJ S wyfrLS ;a[mif;rsm;rSm ,cktcgrnfonfU
a'guw f mwl;*sm ygwrD ES w k x f u G Nf y;D ygwt D rnfajymif;ay;rS ygwrD w S yf wHk ifay; MoZm? rnfonfv U yk yf ikd cf iG rUf S r&Sad wmUbJ tcsKrYd mS vlqif;&Jpw d qf if;&J jzpfaeMu
rnf[k Zlvdkif (16)&ufütMuyfudkifcJUonf/ ojzifU Zlvdkifpwkw¦ywftwGif; ,cifppfOD;pD;XmerS vZGefa[mif;acgifESifU
] Zlvikd f (17)&ufreufu &Sr;f jynfta&SaY jrmufyikd ;f wGif etz wyfr *ßGefazmufwdkh udk,fhudk,fudk,f aoewfESifUypf owfaooGm;onf/
99 vufatmufcH cr& 109 ppfaMumif;wck 0 Nird ;f csr;f a&;tzG\ YJ txl;a'o- ] tvm;wl e,fjcm;apmifw U yfvufcv H ukd of nfU u,m;jynfr,fpNJ rKd Y
2 yefvHkNrdKYe,ftwGif; usL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmNyD; 0 Nidrf;csrf;a&;wyfzJGYudk e,f bDyD-14 tajcpdkuf u&ifeDvlrsKd;aygif;pHkjynfolhvGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD;
wdkufcdkufcJU&m 0 wyfzJGY0ifwOD;usqkH;NyD; ESpfOD;'Pf&m&oGm;onf/ (uvvw) Nidrf;csrf;a&;tzGJYrS tNidrf;pm;,lol touf 50 ESifUtxuf
] NrdKifBuD;ilü e,fjcm;apmifUwyfudpöaqG;aEG;&ef etz ppfzufa&;&m oufBu;D ykid ;f rsm;\rdom;pkrsm; pm;0wfaea&;jyóemESihf &ifqikd af e&onf/ t
vHkNcHKa&;t&m&SdcsKyf AkdvfcsKyfBuD;&JjrifU\urf;vSrf;csuftm; 'DaubDatNidrf;
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& rS xkwfa0onf/
!Ge@f aygif;owif;v$m Mo*kwf 2010 5
ußEG yfk w f Ehdk idk if t H wGi;f jzpf&adS eaom ESpif g;q,f axmifpepf (Unitary State) jzpfaom trnfcjH ynf rsm;twGi;f vlO;D a&rsm;aom (ok)hd ,Ofaus;rItod
ausmfjynfwGif;ppfBuD;\ t"duaomUcsufjyóem axmifpzk pYJG nf;yku H dk OD;csex f eG ;f tm;a&;qGaJ pcJo U nf/ ynmwkd;wufaom (okdh) ppfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;wkdhwGif
onf jynfaxmifpzk pYJG nf;a&;jyóemjzpfonf/ bm yif v k H p mcsKyf c sKyf q k d & mwG i f ryg0if c J U a om? wenf ; tm;aumif;aomvlrsKd;wrsKd;u tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ukd
ompum;? pmay? ,Ofaus;rI? aemufcHorkdif;? pk tm;jzifU t*Fvyd w f hdk pnf;½k;H zJx U w k rf u I dk rpk;d &dr&f aom vufatmufcHtjzpfESifU pkpnf;xm;ír&/ &ygu
pnf;aexkid &f m e,fajra'ocsi;f rwlnaD om vlrsK;d u&if ? rG e ?
f &ck i
d v
f r
l sK;
d rsm;uk r
d l vl r sK ;
d wrsK;d \ t*Fg&yf vnf; rNrJEkdif/ rat;csrf;Ekdifyg/ auseyfcspfcifpGm
H cktwGi;f vlrsK;d pkrsm; rsm;ESifU rnfrsSjynfUpkHapumrl rnfonfUtcGifhta&; jzifU pkpnf;Murnf r[kwaf y/ ußEG yfk w f hdk Ekid if t
H wGuf

$m
rsm;pkaygi;f aexkid o f nfU Ekid if w
twlaexkid af &;? wenf;tm;jzifh jynfaxmifpzk pYJG nf; rsrS ay;cJyU g/ txyfxyfcgcg qE´jywku d yf 0JG if awmif; jzpfoifUaomjynfaxmifpkrSm bmompum;? pmay?
a&;jyóemonf t"dujyóemBu;D jzpfonf/ ¤if; qk a
d omtcg r S raj y myavmuf a om tcG it Uf a&;wcsKYd ,Ofaus;rI? aemufco H rkid ;f ? pkpnf;aexkid af oma'o?

f;v
jyóemukd yuwdtaetxm;ESiUf uku d n f D rSeu f ef udak y;cJo U nf/ u&ifvrl sK;d wkrhd mS t*Fvyd w f v hdk ufxuf xkdufoifUaomvlOD;a&? zlvkHaompD;yGm;a&;tajccH
pGmrajz&Sif;bJ tmPm&olwkdhu rdrdwkdhqE´t& uzG p
Y J nf ;cJ a U om ppf w yf t &S e
d t
f 0ga M u mif U rGeEf iS &Uf ckid f wkdhESifU jynfUpkHu ¤if;vlrsKd;twGuf jynfe,fwckzGJY
vk&d mqGyJ pHk cH s trnfcjH ynfaxmifpu k zdk pYJG nf;cJoU jzifU wkx hd ufaqmvsipf mG jynfe,f&cJo U nf/ pnf;ay;&efvo dk nf/ jynfe,ftus,0f ef;ESiUf wnf
nDtpfuv dk rl sK;d tcsi;f csi;f jyif;xefpmG ppfcif;&aom wkdif;&if;om;nDtpfukdtcsif;csif; &if;ESD;cspf ae&mwkdhrSm ¤if;pkpnf;aexkdif&ma'oay:wGif &Sd&
vufeufuidk yf #dyu© jzpfay:vmcJo U nf/ ,if;ppfyJG
aMumifh ppfwyfonfta&;yg t&Sdeft0g&vmNyD;
jynf a xmif p k zJ G h p nf ; a&;jy\em

wi
aemufq;Hk tmPmodr;f onft U xd jzpfay:vmonf/
okdhESifU wygwDtmPm&Siftpkd;&\ pkd;rkd;zdESdyfrIukd ed k i f [ H o m (rG e f j ynf o pf y gwD )
jynfow l &yfv;Hk ESpaf ygi;f &SnMf umpGmcHc&UJ onf/ pD;yGm; ZGef 17? 2010
a&;t&vnf; rBuKHzl;atmif qif;&JiwfrGwfvm&
onf/ xkdhaMumifU þpkpnf;aexkdifa&; okdhr[kwf Munfat;csr;f pGm jyóemukrd ajz&Si;f bJ ¤if;wkahd &; rnf/ xkjd ynfe,frsm;onf csKycf s,rf rI &Sad om uk, d f
jynfaxmifpzk pYJG nf;a&;jyóemukd tjrefq;Hk ajz&Si;f qGx J m;aom Oya'ukd bk&m;a'oemuJo U hdk rSw, f Nl y;D ykdifjy|mef;cGifU? ¤if;wkdhjynfe,ftajctaeESifU ukduf
&ef vkdtyfaeayonf/ taoqkyfukdifxm;um ppfom;ESifU ykvdyfukdokH;í nDaomOya'ukd ¤if;wkahd &;qGyJ idk cf iG jUf y|mef;ykid cf iG ?Uf ¤if;
jyóemw&yfukd ajz&Sif;&mwGif jyóem zDqefolrsm;ukd usnfqefESifU axmif'Pfrsm;ay;cJU wkjhd ynfe,fudk ¤if;wkBhd uKd uEf pS o f uforl sm;ESiUf a½G;cs,f
if;o
jzpfay:vm&jcif;tajccHukd avUvm&efvkdtyfay onf/ xkdhaMumifU vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;jzpf tkyfcsKyfykdifcGifU? ¤if;wkdhjynfe,ftwGif; w&m;pD&if
onf/ orkdif;ukd jyefMunfUvsSif ußGEkfyfwkdhEkdifiHwGif ay:vmcJU&onf/ ykdifcGifUrsm; &Sd&onf/
vlrsK;d tcsKw Yd ohdk nf oD;jcm;Ekid if rH sm;jzifU ESpaf ygi;f Mum urÇmod jrefrmod opömuwdjzifU csKyfqkdcJh txufygt*Fg&yf (okrhd [kw)f tajccHtcsuf
&Snpf mG aexkid v f mcJMU uonf/ tcsKv Yd rl sK;d wkrhd mS vlO;D aom yifvpHk mcsKyyf goabmxm;ukd tajccHNy;D Ekid if H rsm;wGif tm;enf;rI&adS omvlrsK;d pki,frsm;ukrd l uk, d f
a&? "etiftm;? ppftiftm;enf;yg;ojzifU vuf awmfzpYJG nf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif (10)ESpjf ynfí U tusK;d ydkifjy|mef;cGifUjynfe,fwcktwGif; ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyf
atmufcb H 0ESiUf aexkid v f mcJ&U onf/ okahd omf {u r&S[ d jk rifygu &Sr;f jynfe,fEiS Uf u&ifejD ynfe,fwu hdk dk a&;jynfe,f? uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKyaf &;a'o? vlrsK;d pka'
&mZfya'o&mZfpepfwiG f b@mqufo&efom t"d cGx J u G cf iG aUf y;xm;onf/ okahd omf ¤if;wko hd nf cGx J u G f o ponfjzifU vlrsKd;i,frsm;\tcGifUtmPmukd
ujzpfNyD; rdrdwkdhtBuD;tuJESifU rdrdwkdh vlrsKd;a'o jcif;ukdrawmif;qdk? jynfe,ftcGifUta&;ykday;&ef xdkufoifUovkday;xm;&rnf/ vlrsKd;wrsKd;\ trsKd;
ukd tkycf sKyaf exkid v f mcJ&h onf/ wcsed cf sed w f iG f ppf awmif;qkdonfukdyif ray;cJUojzifU awmfvSefa&; om;qkdif&mzGHYNzdK;wkd;wufrIukd wm;qD;ydwfyifxm;
f‹ayg

tiftm;BuD;rm;aom bk&ifwyg;yg;u eD;pyf&m ppfyrJG sm; ykrd u dk s,jf yefch aUJ vonf/ ,ckqv dk siS f vlO;D jcif;rsKd;r&SdbJ tm;ay;oGm;&rnfjzpfonf/
{u&mZfb&k ifeU ,fajrrsm;ukd wku d cf u dk o f rd ;f yku
d Ef idk cf UJ a&tawmftwef&SdNyD; xif&Sm;aomvlrsKd;wkdif;wGif t&G,ftpm;tm;jzifU rwlnDaomfvnf;
ojzifU us,fjyefhaom EkdifiHtoGifa&mufcJUonf/ trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfzGJYESifU vIyf&Sm;rI ukkd,fykdifjy|mef;cGifUjynfe,frsm;wGif tcGifUtmPm
okdhaomf tiftm;enf;yg;vmonfESifU xkdtifyg,m rsm;&Sad eonf/ þpkpnf;nDñw G pf mG yl;aygi;f aexkid af &; rsm; wlnpD mG &S&d rnf/ þjynfe,frsm;ukd uk, d pf m;
Ekid if o
H nfvnf; NyKu d yJG supf ;D &jyefonf/ ppftiftm; jyóemukd OD;Eku twkta,mifjynfaxmifpkjzifU jyKaom uk, d pf m;vS,t f nDtrsjS zifU trsK;d om;vTwf
aumif;aom OD;atmifaZ,sESifU bkd;awmfbk&m;wkdh vSnpUf m;ajz&Si;f cJo U nf? OD;ae0if;u jrefrmUq&dk , S v f pf awmf (okdhr[kwf) txufvTwfawmfukd zGJYpnf;NyD;
u rGefESifU&cdkifjynfukdodrf;NyD; ukef;abmifrif;quf vrf;pOfoabmw&m;jzifU um&HzkH;vTrf;NyD; wjynf jynfaxmifpkqkdif&m tqifUjrifUaomtmPmrsm;ukd
tifyg,mEkdifiHawmfukd wnfaqmuftkyfcsKyfEkdifcJh axmifpepfjzifU ajz&Sif;cJUonf/ rnfonfUenf;ursS ay;tyfxm;&rnf/
!Ge

onf/ þtajccHu, dk Nl y;D twkta,mifjynfaxmif rajz&Si;f Ekid cf aUJ cs/ yuwdtajctaeESiUf qefu h siNf y;D jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf jynfe,frsm;tae
pkudk vSnphf m;ykaH zmfco UJ jzifU ,aehtxd jyóemay: jyóemudk qE´pGJjzifUajz&Sif;cJUojzifU EkdifiHa&;'Pf jzifU rvkyo f ifaU om okrhdk [kwf jynfe,frsm;u vTt J yf
ae&jcif;jzpfonf/ cwfjcif;ukd cHomG ;Mu&Ny;D jzpfonf/ xm;aom tcGit Uf mPmrsm;ESiUf vkyif ef;rsm;ukd ukid f
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf ppfrSefaomjynf ußEG ykf w f Ehdk idk if \ H yuwdtaetxm;ESiUf uku d f wG,v f yk af qmifomG ;&rnf/ Oyrm - Ekid if jH cm;quf
axmifpw k nfaqmufa&;tajccHudk awmifwef;a' nDaomjynfaxmifpkukd rnfokdhwnfaqmuf&rnf oG,af &;? jynfaxmifpu k muG,af &;? vrf;yef; quf
ovlrsKd;pkacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifU nSdEIdif;NyD;csrSwfoGm;cJU enf;/ urÇmay:wGif rwluGJjym;aomvlrsKd;rsm;ukd oG,af &;? aiGaMu;½du k Ef ydS x f w k af 0a&;ESiUf vlraI xmuf
onf/ okahd omf ¤if;ESiv Uf rl sK;d pkacgi;f aqmifrsm; csKyq f dk tajccHNy;D Ekid if rH sm;pGmukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifppk eH pf yHUu,fq,fa&;vkyfief;wkdhukd vkyfaqmifoGm;&ef
cJUaom pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;onfvnf; ¤if;enf;wl jzifU zGpYJ nf;cJo U nf/ Oyrm qkAd , D uf,el , D ?H tdE, ´d ? jzpfonf/
ajrjrKyfoN*KØvfcHcJU&onf/ OD;Ekacgif;aqmifaom qGpZf mvef? ,l*pdk vm;AD;,m;ESiUf csuu f pdk vkAd ufu;D þonfrmS ppfreS af omjynfaxmifpw k ck\
zqyvacgif;aqmifrsm;onf toGiftm;jzifU jynf ,m;Ekid if w H jhdk zpfonf/ ¤if;Ekid if rH sm;onf vlrsK;d a&;t& zGJYpnf;ykHqkdif&mvkdtyfcsufjzpfonf/ EkdifiHaygif;pkHrS
axmifpk (Federal State)? vufawGt Y m;jzifh wjynf ußEG yfk w f Ehdk idk if EH iS q Uf ifwrl &I o dS nf/ rwlaomvlrsK;d uGJ (pmrsue f m S 4 okhd)
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& rS xkwfa0onf/
6 Mo*kwf 2010 !Ge@f aygif;owif;v$m
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
QUOTATIONS
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567

}~ !¸e;f qdk ud;k um; ol wdŒk p um;


12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
}tusKd;tjrwfvJ bmrS wckrSr&ygbl;/ avmydwuxGufwJh vQyfppfrD; 90 &mcdkifEIef;u rcHpm;&bl;/}

$m
xdkif;e,fpyftajcpdkuf u&ifeDvIrIa&;ESifUzGHYNzdK;a&;tzGJY KSWC twGif;a&;rSL; pl;&,fpdk;0if;
}tara&? usaemfUudk wDADzefom;jyif? ½kyf&Sifydwfum;xufrSm b,faomtcgrS jrifawGY&awmhrSm r[kwfawmUbl; tar/ EdkifiHawmfu usaemfUudk tem;ay;

f;v
vdkufNyD tar/ tEkynmavmurS armif;xkwfjcif;cHvdkuf&wm (3)ESpf&SdNyD tar/} ½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif tu,f'rD ausmfol
}rif;wd& hk 0rfawGu *sed ;f azmUawG b,favmufowfcjUJ yv D J... rif;wdhk *sed ;f azmUawGukd jyefowfr,fr[kwv
f m;/ 'gqfkd vufeufxw k af y;r,f}
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;odef;pdef (azazmf0g&D 25 &ufu ylwmtdkNrdKY tpnf;ta0;wckwGif Xmae&0rfESifU vDql;rsdK;EG,fpkrsm;udk vIHhaqmfcsuf)
}bkef;BuD;awGudpö jzpfMuw,f/ tJ'DrSm OD;atmifMunfeJY a':pkeJY awGYzdkY vkyfvdkufw,f/ tJ'g apwemaMumifhr[kwfzl;/ jyóemBuD;wckudk NidrfoGm;atmif
ay;vdkufwJh Nidrfaq;yJ/ NyD;awmh bmrS tESpfom&&SdwJhaqG;aEG;yGJawG r[kwfzl;qdkwm tckay:aeNyDbJ[m/ tJ'Dvdkvkyfuwnf;u usaemfu b,fvdkrS t,Hk
tMunf r&Sdbl;/... bmrSvJrjzpfzl;qdkwm usaemf tJ'Duwnf;u ,lqNyD;om;? tck usaemf,lqwJhtwdkif; rSefwmbJ/}

}olwdkh[m
wi
}a&G;aumufrIqkdif&mtcGifhta&;qkdonfrSm
AdkvfBuD;a[mif; OD;0if;xdef (a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ udk,fa&;twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif;? rMumrDurS axmifrSvGwfvmol)
a&G;aumufyGJwGif vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf yg0if,SOfNydKifEkdifaom tcGifhta&;? yg0if,SOfNydKifjcif;
rjyKbJaeEkdifaom tcGifhta&;? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;pm&if;rS EkwfxGufEkdifaomtcGifhta&;? a&G;aumufyGJwGif rJay;Edkifaom tcGifhta&; (okdhr
[kwf) rJay;jcif; rjyKbJaeEkdifaom tcGifhta&;udk qkdvkdonf/} jynfolYvTwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr-2(¡)?
trsKd;om;vTwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr-2(¡)? wkdif;? a'oBuD;vTwfawmf (odkhr[kwf) jynfe,fvTwfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 2(¡)
,m,Dtpkd;&ygvkdh ajymwmudk ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm usaemfMum;cJU&zl;ygw,f/ ckawmU olwdkh tmPmvTJay;r,fUolawG[m olwdkhvdkvlawGbJjzpfaeNyD;
t0wftpm;vJxm;wmbJ uGmygw,f/} jrefrmjynfqkdif&m MopaMw;vsoHtrwfa[mif; x&DAm0Dvfqif
if;o
}'Da&G;aumufyGJu qdwfacgif;csdwfNyD; acG;om;a&mif;r,fU 'Drkdua&pDbJ/ tJ'gaMumifh acG;om;rpm;ygeJY usaemfajymw,f/ tJ'gudk pm;csifoyqkd&ifvJ pm;
MuaygU/ olwkdhcsxm;wJh Oya'pnf;urf;awGqkdwmuvJ tyfezg;aygufxJudk ukvm;tkwf0ifckdif;ovkdbJ/ b,fvkdrSokH;vkdhr&bl;} pma&;q&moef;0if;vIdif
}tJift,fvf'Du t&ifwdkif;bJvkyfaewm? t&ifwdkif;bJ EdkifiHa&;vkyfaewm? wckbJ usaemfwdkh t&ifeJhrwlawmhwmu usaemfwdkhudk w&m;Oya't&
todrw S rf jyKb;l / tJ't
D odrw
S rf jyKwmudk usaemfwhkd w&m;Oya'eJh &ifqikd w
f ukd af ew,f/ yGu
J rNy;D ao;bl;/}
OD;ÚmPf0if; (ajymcGifh&yk*¾Kdvf? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJYcsKyf)

trsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &. a&G;aumufyJG oabmxm;


ñGefYaygif;owif;vTm\
f‹ayg

7/ ...etzppftmPm&Sirf sm;\ 2008 ckEpS zf pYJG nf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESiUf vuf&adS &G;aumufyOJG ya'? enf;Oya'
rsm;t& usif;yoGm;tuljyKrnfUa&G;aumufyGJw&yfomjzpfjyD; 'Drdkua&pDESifU vlhtcGifUta&;rsm;? wdkif;&if;
wdkufydkifrl
om wef;wla&;arsmS v f ifcU surf sm;udk aqmifusO;f ay;rnfaU &G;aumufyw JG &yf vH;k 0r[kwaf Mumif; xif&mS ;pGm
jrifEikd rf nfjzpfonf/ ñGefhaygif;owif;vTmwGif azmfjyaom
9/ uREkfyfwdkhjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;ñGefhaygif;tpdk;&taeESifU ,aeh etz ppftmPm&Sifrsm;\ owif;rsm; &,l&m owif;Xme&if;jrpfrsm;udk
2008 ckEpS zf phJG nf;yHt
k ajccHOya'ESiw Uf uG w&m;rswS vGwv f yfrv
I ;kH 0r&Sad om a&G;aumufyOJG ya'? enf;Oya'rsm;? txl;aus;Zl;wif&SdNyD; ae&mtcuftcJaMumifU
Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w
kH ifjcif;qdik &f mOya'rsm;udo k mru ,if;Oya'rsm;t& usi;f yoGm;&ef wzufowfjyif
!Ge

owif;wckcsi;f pDtwGuf credit razmfjyEdik jf cif;udk


qifaeonfU 2010 a&G;aumufyt JG pDtpOfw&yfv;kH udk vH;k 0qefu h sif oydwaf rSmufaMumif; þ (63)ESpf cGiv Uf w
T af y;yg&ef tEl;tñGwyf efMum;tyfygonf/
ajrmuftmZmenfaehwiG f av;eufpmG xyfrt H wnfjyK xkwjf yefaMunmvku d o
f nf/ ñGeahf ygi;f owif;vTmwGif rqv-e0w-
10/ trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmifBu;D Adv kf cf sKyaf tmifqef;ESiw Uf uG usq;kH avNy;D aom tmZmenfacgi;f aqmifrsm;udk etz owfyHkrlrsm;jzpfaom wpf (wpfck)? yJ
trSew f u,fav;pm;wefz;kd xm;Muaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pHjk refrmEdik if o H m;tm;vH;k taeESivUf nf; a':atmif ('gyJ)? or®w? wdkh (wdkhvli,f) wdkhudk vufrcH
qef;pkMunfESifUwuG trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf\ OD;aqmifrIESifUtwl etz\ ppfuGsefjyKa&; 2008 roH;k pGb J J ,if;wdhk tpm; w (wck)? bJ ('gb)J ?
zGphJ nf;ykEH iS Uf 2010 a&G;aumufyu JG kd enf;vrf;aygi;f pkjH zifU jywfjywfom;om;oydwaf rSmufqefu h sif uefu
h u
G f orw? 'dkh ('dkhvli,f) [kom oHk;pGJrnfjzpfNyD;
oGm;Muyg&ef tav;teufwu kd w f eG ;f tyfygonf/ vnf; (vJ) udk pmpum; ESifU ajympum;
cGjJ cm;oH;k pGo
J mG ;rnfjzpfygonf/
(jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t
H rsK;d om;ñGeahf ygi;f tpd;k & \ 2010 jynfEU pS f (63)ESpaf jrmuftmZmenfaeh txdr;f
trSwx f w
k jf yefaMunmcsuf rS aumufEw I af zmfjyonf/)

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& rS xkwfa0onf/
!Ge@f aygif;owif;v$m Mo*kwf 2010 7
M rwf (1)&ufu aumUu&dwf*GifvIyf&Sm; cr& 406 ppfaMumif;-2 M ZGef (2)&ufu zGJYpnf;cJUonfU jrefrmtrsKd;om;tvkyform;or*¾udk
rSL; AdkvfrSL;0if;ausmfolESifU wyfom; (2)OD;onf wyfwGif;y#dyu©aMumifU zsufodrf;vdkufNyD; tvkyform; v,form;or*¾ ay:aygufa&; BudK;yrf;olrsm;
vufeufcJ,rf;tcsKdYESifUtwl xkdif;EkdifiHbufokdh xGufajy;cJU&m xkdif;e,fpyf tzGt YJ jzpf Zlvikd v f qef;ü ajymif;vJ zGpYJ nf;vdu k o f nf/ urÇmt h vkyo f rm;tzGYJ
vkHNcHKa&;wyfu zrf;qD;NyD; rdcifwyf&if; jyefydkhcJUonf/ csKyf(tkdift,fvftkd)xHwGif rSwfykHwifxm;NyD; etz ppftpkd;&ukdrl today;
M ZGef (10)&ufESifU (11)&ufwGif oHjzLZ&yfNrdKYe,f ZD;ESpfyif&GmESifU vdu k o f nf/

$m
&JwHcGef&GmMum;ü cr& 401 ESifU 409 wyfzGJYwdkh\ ppf,mOfwef;rsm;udk M etzppftpd;k &ESiUf Nird ;f csr;f a&;,lxm;onfU u&ifNird ;f csr;f a&;aumifpD
autJef,lwyf&if; 16 ESifU 17 rS av;Budrf jcHKcdkwdkufcdkufcJU&m etzppfwyf KNU/KNLA–PC rS wyfpkrSL; apmoef;atmif (bk&m;okH;qlNrdKYrS qGKdif; pm;

f;v
bufrS (13)OD;usNyD; (21)OD;'Pf&m&cJUonf/ aomufqkdifykdif&Sif) ukd trnfrodvlwpku bk&m;oHk;qlNrdKYv,fwGif Zlvkdif
M ZGef (14)&uf eHeufu Mumtif;qdyfBuD;NrdKYe,f awmifpGef;&GmESifU (12)&ufnü ½du k o f wfomG ;onf/
cke;f crf;&GmtMum;wGif aemufwef;jyefrnfU cv& 284 udk autJe, f w l yf&if; M Zlvikd f (14)&ufeeH ufwiG f u&ifew D yfrawmf trSwf 2 wyf&if;u
16 u jcHKcdkwdkufcdkufcJU&m etz (3)OD; xdcdkuf'gPf&m&cJUonf/ abmvcJa'owGif;&Sd aqmavmfaus;&Gm tajcpdkuf cr& 430 wyfpcef;udk
M ZGef (14)&ufrmS yif jr0wDNrKd aY wmifbuf rdik (f 50)tuGm bv,f'kd 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkuf&m etz (3)OD;aoNyD; MA-1 ESpfvuf? MA-2 wvuf?
MA-4 wvuf odrfqnf;&rdonf/ pcef;tm; rD;½IdYzsufqD;vdkufonf/
&GmteD;wGifvnf; etzwyf cr& 405 ESifU autJif,lwyf&if; 103 awGY

wi
qkHwdkufyGJjzpf&m ppftpdk;&bufrS (1)OD;ao (3)OD; 'Pf&m&cJUonf/ M uvvw Nidrf;csrf;a&;tzGJYwjzpfvJ e,fjcm;apmifUwyfrS wyfzGJY0if
M &cdkifjynfrS w½kwfEdkifiHodkhydkhrnfU obm0"mwfaiGYrsm; odkavSmif&ef (3)OD; vufeuf (4)vufESifU cJ,rf;rsm;,laqmifí Zlvdkif (14)&ufwGif
twGuf ausmufjzLNrdKYe,f r'JuGsef;wGif ,m,Dobm0"mwfaiGYodk u&ifew D yfrawmfxH xyfrx H u
G af jy;a&muf&v Sd mcJMU uonf/
avSmif½Hkwnfaqmufaeaom tvkyform; 100 t M Zlvdkif (15)&ufu xdkif;-jrefrm e,fpyf
euf 70 cefhu vkyftm;c tjynfUr&ojzifh ZGef bk&m;oHk;qlteD; r,fZvD aus;½GmwGif
(16)&ufrSpí tvkyfrqif;bJ wywfMum
qE´jycJMU uonf/ rD; awmuf rD; v#H rsm; etzwyf cr& 409 ppfaMumif; 1 ESifU
autJe, f l wyf&if; 16 wdu k yf jJG zpf&m etz
if;o
M ZGef (29)&ufnu xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf wOD;us? wOD;'Pf&m&cJo U nf/
jr0wDNrKd aY wmifbuf pufrZI t kH eD;wGif xkid ;f Edik if \
H atau M Zl v d k i f (18)&uf u DKBA uvk d
ukrÜPDydkif ajrwl;pufum;wpD;ay:ü aygufuGJrIwck jzpfyGm;í um;wpif;vHk; xl;abmAsL[mrS wyfMuyfBuD;wOD; umbkdif (3)vuf? AK (3) vuf? K-3
ysupf ;D oGm;cJo U nf/ armf w m (1)vuf ? pum;ajympuf i ,f (2)vk H ; ? cJ , rf ; rsm;ES i f U t wl
M Zlvdkif (2)&ufu vGdKifaumfNrdKYe,f yg;avmif;aus;&GmteD;wGif aumU u &d w f N rd K Y e ,f a0:av*G i f & S d autJ e f , l w yf & if ; 201 xH
u&ifeDwyfzGJYwzGJY\ jcKHcdkwdkufcdkufrIaMumifh etzppfom; (3)OD;aoqkH;NyD; vma&mufy;l aygi;f cJo U nf/
tcsKx Yd cd u
kd 'f Pf&m&oGm;onf/ M Zlvikd f (19)&ufwiG f &efuek Nf rKd rY S tajccHvw l ef;pm;wuf<uvIy&f mS ;
M e,fjcm;apmifw U yfvyk &f ef oabmwlxm;onfU &Sr;f jynfwyfrawmf oltzGrYJ sm;jzpfaom jrefrmEkid if zH NYHG zKd ;wk;d wufa&;aumfrw D ?D jrefrmEkid if zH NYHG zKd ;wk;d wuf
(ajrmufydkif;) wyfzGJY0if (50)cefhonf vufeufcJ,rf;rsm;ESifUtwl &Srf;jynf a&;vli,ftzGJY? t*Fg0wfjyKqkawmif;tzGJY? jrefrmEkdifiHtvkyform;-v,form;
f‹ayg

wyfrawmf(awmifydkif;)odkh Zlvdkif (5)&ufwGif vma&mufyl;aygif;cJUMuonf/ or*¾azmfaqmifa&;tzGJYESifU tdrf&Sifrrsm;tzGJY[lonfU (5)zGJYu vGrf;olhyef;acG


ukd,fpDESifU tmZmenfukef;odkhoGm;a&mufNyD; tmZmenfacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;udk
M Zlvikd f (5)&ufEiS Uf (6)&ufu &cdik jf ynf ppfawGNrKd w Y iG f ausmif;BuKd yhkd tav;jyKcMUJ uonf/
z,f&u D m; rvkaH vmufr?I tcsed rf rSerf I wdu hk kd rauseyfí enf;ynmwuúov kd f
M &ckid jf ynf armif;awmNrKd eY ,f rusn;f acsmif;aus;&GmteD;&Sd uif;pcef;
ausmif;om;rsm;ESiUf tm;ay;axmufco H jl ynfol pkpak ygi;f 600 eD;yg; wuúov kd f
rS jynfe,f y0w½Hk;txd (5)em&DMum vrf;avQmufqE´jhycJUonf/ wckrS epuwyfMuyfBuD;pdk;Edkifonf rusnf;acsmif;&GmwGif t&ufaomuf
aeMupOf trnfrodolwOD;u aoewfjzifU vmypfojzifU Zlvdkif (27)&uf
M ta&SYydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf uGyfuJrIatmuf&Sd cv& 132 vuf u yGJcsif;NyD;aoqHk;oGm;onf/
!Ge

atmufcH yDtiJ t f Nkd ird ;f tzGw


YJ jzpfvJ ytd0k ;f jynfophl pf 100 cefEY iS Uf &Sr;f jynfwyf
M 0 Nidrf;csrf;a&;tzGJYu rdrde,fajrtwGif; cGefxGef;vl acgif;aqmif
rawmf(awmifydkif;)wdkh ZGefvukefu &Srf;jynfawmifykdif; armufr,fNrdKYe,f
aemifavmif;&GmteD;wGif wBudrf? Zlvdkif (7)&ufnu em;[D;&Gm ta&SYbuf 0 'Dru kd &ufwpfygwED iS Uf p0fz;D vpfpH acgi;f aqmif 0 trsK;d om;pnf;vH;k nDñw G f
v,fuGif;rsm;wGif ESpfBudrfwdkufyGJjzpf&m jynfolhppfokH;OD;xufrenf; usoGm; a&;ygwD tygt0if tjcm;ygwrD sm;tm;vH;k \ a½G;aumufyt JG wGuf vma&muf
onf/ pnf;½Hk;cGifUudk ydwfyifxm;onf/ 2008 zGJYpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qE´cH,lyGJwGif 0
a'oü uefhuGufrJ 63 .7 &mcdkifEIef; &SdcJUonf/
M Zlvdkif (11)&ufu zm;tHc½kdif vIdif;bJGNrdKYe,f rJUp&D*GiftwGif;
M Edik if aH usmaf w;a&;q&m a'guw f mpdik ;f crf;vdwu f kd rEåav;BuzYH w G tf
vIy&f mS ;aeonfU 'DaubDat wyfr[m 999 vufatmufcH txl;wyf&if;rS
wyfpkrSL; 'k-AdkvfapmrsKd;rsKd; OD;pD; &Jabmfajcmufa,mufonf 9-rr ypöwdk Bu;D tuJrsm;ESiUf etztmPmydik rf sm;u 2010 a&G;aumufyw JG iG f wdik ;f a'oBu;D
wvuf? trf-79 wvuf? umbkid w f vuf? atau-47 ok;H vuf? trf-16 vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif; (odrhk [kw)f a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siüf yg0ifNy;D
ESpfvufESifUtwl autJef,l wyfr[m 7 wyfzGJYodkh yl;aygif;cJUonf/ EdkifiHa&;vIyf&Sm;&ef ZlvdkifvaESmif;ydkif;u tBudrfBudrfurf;vSrf;cJUaomfvnf;
vufrcHbyJ ,fcsco UJ nf/ t

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& rS xkwfa0onf/
8 Mo*kwf 2010 !Ge@f aygif;owif;v$m

☺ etz pGrf;tif0efBuD;Xmeatmuf&Sd EdkifiHydkifpufoHk;qDta&mif;qdkif jzwfu;l cJMU uonf/ pdu k yf sK;d a&;ynm&Siw f OD;url tv,f½;kd rwGif awmajymifvm
Ny;D <uufrsm;twGuf pm;p&m0g;awmrsm; r&Sad wmUojzifU ajrjyefu h q kd if;vmjcif;

$m
249 qdkifudk ZGef (10)&ufrSpí ]yk*¾vduydkif} jyKvkyfcJU&m etzppfwyf\
OD;ykdifvDrdwufu 14 qdkif? MuHYzGwfu 17 qdkif? AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD;oef;a&T\om; jzpfonf[k ,lqcJUonf/
xGe;f Edik af &Tyikd f jrefrmEdik *f ½kurk P Ü uD 6 qdik ?f awZydik f xl;xa&;'if;ukrP Ü uD ☺ rqv-e0w-etz ppftpdk;&tqufqufu opfawmrsm;udk

f;v
9 qdkif? AdkvfcsKyfBuD;a&Tref;\om; atmifoufref;ydkif {&ma&T0gukrÜPDu ckwx f iG í
f jynfyodhk uRe;f ESio Uf pfrmrsm; wifyahkd &mif;pm;cJNU y;D aemuf opfawm
12 qdkif? tjcm;etzvufa0cH vl,Hkawmfrsm;jzpfaom OD;aZmfaZmf\ rufqf rjyKef;wD;a&;twGufqdkum 1981 ckrS 2003 cktwGif; jyKpkysKd;axmifcJUonfU
jrefrm? OD;aX;jrif\ h ,kZe? OD;aevif;atmif\ eDvm½d;k r? OD;cifp;kd \ tPÖ0gvrT ;f ? ]EdkifiHydkifopfawmpdkufcif;} {u 1 .66 oef;teuf {u 1 .4 oef;udk
OD;atmifaZmfEdkif\ a&Tawmif? OD;aZmf0if;xGef;\ a&ToHvGif? OD;aZmfav;\ ig; 2008 ck twGi;f uGi;f qif;ppfaq;cJ&U m 33 5. % om atmifjrifjzpfxeG ;f onf
vkyfief;ukrÜPDrsm;u toD;oD;cGJa0,lcJUMuonf/ udk awGY&\/
☺ ZGef (12)&ufeeH ufu &cdik jf ynf armif;awmNrKd w Y iG f aiGta<ujyefr ☺ Zlvdkifvqef;wGif etzu w&m;r0if w½kwfvkyf armfawmfqdkif

☺ wi
trf;Edkif&mrS qdkufum;orm; OD;bom (touf 50) ESifh &JwyfMuyfBuD; OD;
armifarmifacs (53 ESpf)wdkh cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;jyD; 'Pf&m&oGm;MuojzifU ESpfOD;
pvHk; aq;½Hkydkhvdkuf&\/
uGr;f Ncu H ek ;f NrKd eY ,f '&,fv;l aus;½Gmü ar (16)&ufnu "m;jyrsm;
vufypfAHk;ESifUypfojzifU aoqHk;cJUMuaom &Gmom; OD;oef;aX;? OD;rdk;0if;ESifU
OD;oef;aZmfwt hkd wGuf wdik ;f ESiUf c½dik t f mPmydik w
aiG ESpfodef;ajcmufaomif;? qefwtdwf? qDoHk;ydóm vma&mufay;tyfcJhNyD;
f uhkd epfemaMu;tjzpf wOD;vQif
u,frsm;udk w&m;0ifvikd pf ifxw
u,fvkdifpifrSm okH;odef;avmufusaeonf/

k af y;cJ&U m ESpo

*dwfonf tjcm;uwÅm;rsm;xuf 7 weftxd tav;csdefydkjyae\/



f ed ;f wefqikd u

&efukef-ykodrfum;vrf;ay:wGif wdk;*dwf 4 ck&Sd&m trSwf 4 wdk;

MuHYzGwftoif;udk Zlvdkif (6)&ufrSpí zsufodrf;cJUNyD; BuHYzGwft


oif;ydkifypönf;rsm;udk BuHYzGwfygwDu tarGqufcHcJUNyD;aemuf omoeEk*¾[
trnfjzifU vlrIa&;toif;xlaxmif&ef pDpOfaejyefonf/
f ,ftwGuf qkid f
if;o
aemuf ZGef (13)&ufwGif &GmOuúXESifU &Jpcef;rSL;wdkhu tusdK;aqmifctjzpf
☺ at;vGifOD;aqmifonfU jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;
aiGwodef;ausmfpD jyefawmif;,loGm;cJUonf/
tzGJYcsKyfESifU ¤if;\nD&JxGef;OD;aqmifonfU 88 rsKd;qufausmif;om;vli,frsm;
☺ ZGef (17)&ufreufu u&ifjynf aumhu&dwfNrdKYe,f armcD;*Gif
(jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) wdkhrSygwD0ifrsm; Zlvdkif (1)&ufu ajrmufOuúvm
uavmfa0:aus;&Gmtajcpkduf puc-8 vufatmufcH cr& 407 ppfaMumif; NrKd eY ,frS aps;tcsKw Yd iG f ygw&D efyakH iGtwGuf tvSLaiGaumufccH o UJ jzifU &efuek f
(2)rS 'k&if;rSL; AkdvfrSL;atmifaZmfrsKd;udk axmufvSrf;a&;rSL; (tdkiftdk) AkdvfBuD; ta&SYydkif;c½dkif pnfyifom,mu pnfyifom,mOya'azmufzsufrIjzifU Zlvdkif
rk;d atmifausmu f tcsi;f csi;f pum;rsm;&mrS aoewfjzifyU pfcwfojzifU 'k&if;rSL;\ (7)&ufwGif w&m;pGJvdkufonf/
vufacsmif;(4)acsmif; jywfomG ;Ny;D axmufvrS ;f a&;rSL;udrk l teD;&S&d aJ bmfrsm;u
☺ Zlvdkif yxrywfu Muyfajy;aejynfawmfrS 0efBuD;Xme½Hk;wckwGif
0kdif;½dkufojzifU owdvpfoGm;onf/
yvdyfa&m*gul;pufaeaom <uufao (6)aumif awGY&SdcJUNyD; (9)&ufaehwGif
☺ etz a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifu EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; vlxkpnf;a0;yGJ
f‹ayg

Muyfajy;&Sdppfwyfrsm;twGif; yvdyfa&m*gul;pufjzpfyGm;aeojzifU trSwf (2)


a[majymyGJvkyfrnfqdkvQif tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udk tenf;qHk; (7) wyfrawmfaq;½kHBuD;ü ukoae&onf/ &efukefNrdKYwGifvnf; yvdyfa&m*g
&uf BuKd wifjyNy;D cGijUf yKcsu, f &l ef ZGef (22)&ufwiG f pnf;urf;xkwv f u kd of nf/ ul;pufcH&aom vlemtcsKdYudk ZGefvtwGif; awGY&SdcJUonf/
☺ ZGefvaemufqHk;ywftwGif;u rEÅav; pnfyifom,m½kH;xJodkh pGyf ☺ jrefrmwEkid if v H ;Hk wGif wuúov dk ?f aumvdy?f 'D*&Daumvdyf ta&t
us,v f ufjywfEiS Uf abmif;bDw0dk wf w½kwv f ifr,m;ESpOf ;D 0ifciG aUf y;cJo U jzifU wGufr§m (159)cktxd &dSaeNyD; tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;wGif ta&twGuftrsm;qHk;
NrdKYawmf0ef OD;zkef;aZmf[efu 0efxrf;tcsKdYukd yg;½kdufcJUonf/ jzpfaeaomfvnf; ta&SYawmiftm&S xdyfwef;wuúodkvf (50) pm&if;wGif
☺ w½kwf-jrefrme,fpyf ucsifjynf rHpDNrdKYe,f ref0def;BuD;&GmteD;&dS wckrSryg jzpfaeonf/
!Ge

etz &Juif;u jrefrmbufjcrf;rS pyg;0,f jyefvmonfh w½kw&f mG om;rsm;ydik f ☺ uDvkdrDwm (350) txd axmufvSrf;Edkifaom ½k&Sm;vkyf 1L117
axmfvm*sD (16)pD;udk zrf;qD;cJUojzifU ZGef (29)&ufeHeufwGif w½kwfEdkifiH trsKd;tpm; tqifUjrifUa&'grsm;udk pcef; (7)ckwGif etzu wyfqifNyD;aomf
om; &Srf;vlrsKd;&Gmom;rsm;u &Jpcef;udkwdkufcdkufcJU&m etzaxmufvSrf;a&; vnf; vSsyfppfrD;&&Sd&ef tcuftcJrsm; &Sdae\/
ppfbufa&;&mvHkNcHKa&;tzGJY (p&z)ydkif um;wpD;ysufpD;oGm;onf/
☺ {&m0wDwkdif; bkduav;NrdKYe,fwGif t"r®vkyftm;ay;ckdif;aprIy
☺ ZGev f ukeyf ikd ;f u ykord af vwyfpcef;XmecsKyrf LS ; Adv k rf LS ;csKyZf ifa,mf\
aysmufa&;qkdif&m todynmay;vufurf; pmapmifrsm; jzefha0olESpfOD;ukd
orD; rZifreG af t; (25 ESp)f onf pD;yGm;a&;ydwq f 'hkd Pfcwfru I kd wdr;f a&SmifonfU tmPmykid w f uhkd Zlvidk f (9)&ufü zrf;qD;ppfaq;Ny;D em&Dyidk ;f twGi;f &efuek o f hkd
taejzifU rdr\ d rdom;pktcsut f vufreS rf sm;udk vdrv f nfNy;D MopaMw;vsEikd if H twif;tMuyfjyefykdhvkdufonf/
taemufyikd ;f qpf'eDwuúov kd üf cd;k wufaeonfukd MopaMw;vstmPmydik w f u hkd
☺ Zlvikd f (12)&ufnu ucsijf ynf Aef;armfNrKd Y NrKd rY &yfuu G &f dS qef;a';
odomG ;ojzifU jynfEiS 'f Pfay;vdu k of nf/
vufzuf&nfqdkiftwGif;xm;onfU OD;atmifudkudkykdifqdkifu,fudk Aef;armf
☺ ZGev f uke-f Zlvidk v f qef;u yJc;l wkid ;f 'ku d Of ;D NrKd eY ,ftwGi;f ode;f ESicUf sD
tajcpdkuf etzwyf cv& 236 rS wyfMuyfBuD;xGef;xGef;0if; cdk;,laepOf
aom<uufrsm; yJcl;½dk;rbufrS qif;vmNyD; Muyfajy;-&efukeftjrefum;vrf;udk (wzuf okhd)
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& rS xkwfa0onf/
!Ge@f aygif;owif;v$m Mo*kwf 2010 9
(jo etz rS)
☺ ]aejynfawmf{&d,mtwGi;f wm0efrt UJ jyKtrIrsm;ESiUf tzsuo f abm
zrf;rdNyD; &Jpcef;tyfESHcJUaomfvnf; &Ju ta&;r,lbJ jyefvTwfay;cJUonf/
vkyf&yf usL;vGefolrsm;ukd qkaiGxkdufwefpGm csD;jr§ifUay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
☺ u,m;jynfvKdG iaf umf? 'Darmqd;k ESiUf &Sr;f jynfawmifyikd ;f yifvw kH whdk iG f aejynfawmf,mOfpnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;aumfrwDrS wm0ef&Sdolu ajym
ppftmPmydkifrsm;u tpdk;&0efxrf;rsm;udk Muufqlyifrsm; tjrpfrusef Mum;onf} [k Zlvdkif (22)&ufxkwf jynfwGif;owif;*sme,f 7Day News
&Sif;vif;í tjcm;oD;ESHrsm;jyefpdkuf&ef ñTefMum;xm;onf/ wGif a&;om;azmfjyxm;\/

$m
☺ jrefrmEdik if w
H iG ;f xkwv f iT aUf eonfU yk*v ¾ ud ydik f rEÅav;tufzt f rf? ☺ ,cifu toif;0iftiftm; (23)oef;ausm&f o dS nfqakd om MuzYH w G t f
a&Ttufzftrf? ywåjrm;tufzftrf? tufzftrfyk*H? yOö0wDtufzftrf? cs,f&D oif;u Ekid if 0UH efxrf;rsm;? ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;ESiUf oufBu;D &G,t f rkd sm;udk

f;v
tufzt f rf [lonfaU &'D,v kd ikd ;f (6)ckpvH;k u ¤if;wdx hk w
k vf iT o
Uf nfU oDcsi;f rsm; pm&if;y,fzsuv f u
dk Nf y;D aemuf ,ckMuzYH w G yf gwwD iG f ygw0D iftiftm; (8)oef;
twGuf wyk'f usyf 400 EIef;jzifU tEkynmrlydkifcGihfaMu; pwifay;&ef Zl ausmf&Sdonf[k Zlvdkif (24)&ufwGif ajymqdkcJUonf/ ,if;BuHYzGwfygwDu Mo
vdkif (15)&ufwGif wESpfpmcsKyf csKyfvdkufaomfvnf; tpdk;&tufzftrfvdkif; *kwfvtukefwGif wEdkifiHvHk; rJay;EdkifolOD;a&\w0uf odkhr[kwf (15)oef;
rsm;jzpfaom ydawmufajrESifU &efukefpD;wD;tufzftrfwdkhurl tEkynmaMu; udk BuzYH w G yf gw0D ifjzpfatmif wvtwGi;f odr;f oGi;f zdhk atmufajcudk ªefMum;
ray;bJ xkwfvTifUaeonf/ vdu k jf yefonf/
☺ ,cif rqvygwD wjzpfvJ wpnygw\ D tvkyt f rIaqmifaumf ☺ etztmPmykid w f u
hdk aysmb
f ,G -f ewfarmuf-rauG; &xm;vrf;azmuf
rwD0if OD;cspfvIdifu tmPmvuf&Sd 0efBuD;rsm;ESifU 0efBuD;csKyfwdkhu BuHYzGwf

wi
vkyaf &;udk pepfwusrvkyb f J a&xkwaf jrmif;ay: ajrzdv hk u kd o f jzifU Zlvikd v
f ukef
ygwDtwGuf xGufpnf;½kH;aerI? EdkifiHhydkufqH EdkfifiHh,EÅ&m;ESifUpnf;½kH;rIwdkhudk ydkif;u usLtkdif&GmteD; ewfarmuf&xm;vrf;ab;0J,m v,f{u (60)cefh
rjzpfoifUaMumif; Zlvdkifvv,fua0zef½Iwfcsvdkufonf/ a&vTr;f Ny;D pyg;cif;rsm; ysupf ;D oGm;ovdk atmufyikd ;f v,frsm;rSmvnf; a&r&í
☺ rauG;wdik ;f NrKd oY pfNrKd eY ,fwiG f wdik ;f rSL;ydik f "mwfajrMoZmtdwrf sm;udk pdkufysKd;r&jzpfaeonf/
umvaygufaps;xuf usyf 8000 ydkaps;wifí ta<u;a&mif;ay;cJUNyD;aemuf ☺ jrefrmEdik if q
H ikd &f m ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;oH½;kH wm0ef&o dS rl sm;u etzbuf
"mwfajrMoZmzdk; jyefrqyfEdkifaom &,uOuú| (6)OD;udk Zlvdkif (20) &uf om; pma&;q&m[def;vwfa&;om;NyD; etz pmaypdppfa&;cGifUjyKcsufjzifU
wGifzrf;qD;vdkufNyD; r,u u w&m;pGJqdkvdkufonf/ xkwaf 0onfU ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;orw uif*sKH tt D x¦Kyw Ü pd mtkyf xGuNf y;D ESpv f
☺ etzESifU 2010 a&G;aumufyGJudk ZGwftwif;axmufcHaeonfU tMum Zlvdkifvukefydkif;wGif a&mif;rpGHojzifU usefaeaom tkyfa&(330)udk
if;o
jrefrmtD;*&uftzGYJ twGi;f a&;rSL;csKyq f o kd l a'guw f mae0if;armif xkwaf 0onfU pma&;olxHrS odrf;,loGm;&m usyfodef; 20 ausmf qHk;½IH;cJUonfqdk\/
onfAGdKuf*sme,fwGif Zlvdkifvyxrywfu pma&;q&m atmifxG#f trnf ☺ zrf;qD;&rdvdkifpifrJUum;\ tcGefaqmifaiGrS qkaMu;aiG 10 &mEIef;
cH ae0if;armif\ aqmif;yg;xJü 2008 tajccHOya'udk wvGw J acsmaf xmuf &&eftwGuf ,mOfxed ;f &Jrsm;onf Zlvikd f (29)&ufrpS í &efuek pf nfyifom,m
cHa&;om;rIaMumifU jyefMum;a&;0efBu;D Xme pmaypdppfa&;u onfAKdG u*f sme,f e,fedrdwftwGif;rS vdkifpifrJUum;rsm; tcGefaqmif&ef oCFef;ußGef;&mjzwf½Hk;
udk ESpfywfydwfvdkufonf/ odkhvmpOf ½Hk;w0dkufrSm apmifUzrf;qD;aeonf/
☺ &efukefwdkif; okH;cGNrdKYv,f 12 &yfuGuf&Sd a':jrat;\aetdrfudk ☺ 1990 jynfUESpfu pifNydKiftpdk;&wnfaxmif&ef BudK;yrf;ojzifh
w&yfuGufwnf;ae rsKd;rif;atmifu Zlvdkif (20)&ufaehvnfaMumifawmif Edik if aH wmfopömazmufrjI zifh axmifusz;l aom ,ck tJit f ,fv'f cD x JG u
G f trsKd ;
"m;axmuf "m;jywdu k cf o
UJ jzifU a':jrat;wdo hk m;trdu ok;H cG&pJ cef;rSm oGm;wdik f om;'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkacgi;f aqmif OD;cifarmifaqG? OD;wifatmif? OD;omqdik Ef iS Uf
onft U cg taxmuftxm;rcdik v f [Hk jk iif;y,fcNUJ y;D aiGay;rS wdik cf suu f kd vufcH
f‹ayg

OD;pdefvSOD;wdkhonf a&G;aumufyGJ0ifvdkvSsif toem;cHpmwif&rnf[k etz


vduk o f nf/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifu ZGef (30)&ufwGif qifUac:ajymqdkvdkufonf/ t

a&G@ajymif;tvkyof rm; a&G@ajymif;w¶kwrf ,m; jyefykdholukd wa,muf bwf 1ç200 awmif;aeNyD; aiGray;EdkifvQif ½dkuf
f 2009 ckESpfukefydkif;u &Srf;jynfajrmufydkif; rdk;rdwfNrdKYe,frS rdef;u ESun f O§ ;f qJaeonf/
av;ajcmufO;D udk aumif;a&mif;aumif;0,f tvky&f rnf[k nmac:Ny;D w½kwf N Zlvikd f (7)&ufreufu bk&m;ok;H qle,fpyfrS xkid ;f Edik if t H wGi;f bufohkd
Edik if H us,zf efNrKd w
Y iG f aiG0,fr,m;rsm;tjzpf ,Graf iGo;kH aomif;jzifU a&mif;pm;cJh w&m;r0if jrefrmtvkyo f rm;rsm; cd;k o,fvmonfU x&yfum;wpD; pHc&yl&ND rKd Y
!Ge

&m rd;k rdwNf rKd eY ,f rk;d bHak us;&GmrS rde;f uav;wOD;? rk;d rdwNf rKd eU ,f reftaHk us;&GmrS ra&mufrD pHcv,facsmif;ul;wHwm;tvGefü wdrf;arSmuf&m vl 50 cefh
wOD;wdkhrSm jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmcJUonf/ xGufajy;vGwfajrmufvmol 'Pf&m&NyD; (10)OD;udk aq;½Hkwifvkduf&onf/
aemufwOD;rSmrl attdkif'Dtufpfa&m*gjzifU aoqkH;cJUonf/ rdk;rdwfNrdKY&JwyfzGJh? N rav;&Sm;jynfxJa&;0efBuD; wGef[lpdefu 2005 rS 2009 ckESpf
trsKd;orD;a&;&mtzGJYrsm;xH wdkifMum;aomfvnf; nmac: a&mif;pm;olrsm;udk twGif; jrefrm (32)OD;tygt0if EdkifiHjcm;om; (78)OD; v0u xdef;odrf;a&;
ta&;,lrrI &Sad y/ pcef;rsm;xJaoqH;k cJo U nf[k Zlvikd f (30)&ufwiG f ajymcJo U nf/ odahk omf rav;&Sm;
N ZGev f qef;rSpNy;D xdik ;f 0efBu;D csKyf tzdqpf0Zd ZÆ 0D \ trdejhf zifU xkid ;f Ekid if H Edik if &H dS rGe'f u
k o© nf½;kH rS Edik &f rJG eG u
f rl vGecf o
UJ nfiU g;ESpt
f wGi;f tenf;qH;k jrefrm
twGif;&Sd w&m;r0if jrefrma&TYajymif; tvkyform;rsm;ukd zrf;qD;jyefykdhae&m (100) xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;rsm;twGif; aoqHk;cJUonf[k ajymonf/
w&ufvQif vl 200 jyefykdhaomfvnf; etzppftpkd;&bufu wywfukd vl rk'r
d ;f vufeuf
400 omvufcHojzifU 'DaubDattzGJY\ w&m;r0if*dwfrSwqifU jyefykdhae f Zlvdkif (8)&uf reufu ucsifjynf Aef;armfNrdKY&Sd enf;ynmwuú
onfUtjyif ,if;jyefykdhcHtvkyform;rsm;ukd e,fpyfjzwfausmfcqkdNyD; 'DaubD okdvfrS touf 20 ausmfq&mrwOD;ukd cv& 47 rSppfom;wOD;u
at*dwfrsm;u rJaqmufrSjyefydkholukd wa,muf bwf 400? befaumufrS t"r®usifU&ef BuHpnfcJUaomfvnf; ta&;,lrIr&SdcJU/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& rS xkwfa0onf/
10 Mo*kwf 2010 !Ge@f aygif;owif;v$m

wyfrawmf}uD;udtk iftm;&Szd @kd ...e


e etzppftpkd;&u jrefrmUurf;vGefyifv,fjyif &wemESifU &JwHcGef BuKd ;yrf;rI jzpfymG ;cJ&U m wyfr 44 wyfrrSL;odomG ;í xde;f csKyaf cR;odyNf y;D wyf&if;rSL;
obm0"mwfaiGYxkwfvkyfa&;pDrHudef;rsm;udk tar&duefydkif &S,fA&GefukrÜPD? vJvu kd of nf/
jyifopfydkif wdkw,fukrÜPD? xkdif;ydkif yDwDwDtD;yDukrÜPDwdkhESifU yl;aygif;vkyf e ZGef (30)&ufnaeu ucsifjynf [kdyifNrdKYe,f&Sd etzwyf cr&

$m
udkifae&m etz\ pkpkaygif;bwf*suf 70 &mckdifEIef;jzpfaom tar&duef 389 rS vufeufwkdufwck jyif;xefpGmaygufuJGcJUonf/
a':vmoef;udk;axmif 0ifaiG&cJUNyD; EsLuvD;,m;vufeufxkwfvkyfa&;? 'Hk;ysH e Zlvikd vf v,fyikd ;f wGif &cdik jf ynf ajrmufO;D NrKd aY wmifbuf NrKd aY [mif;

f;v
vufeufxkwfvkyfa&;rsm;twGuf oHk;cJUonf/ tajcpdkuf cr& 378 &Sd wyfom; (228)a,mufteuf (200)ausmfu
e jrefrmUurf;vGef obm0"mwfaiGx Y w
k v
f yk rf yI rmP pkpak ygi;f \ q,fykH tpkvdkuftNyHKvdkuf xGufpmwifcJUMuonf/
wyHjk zpfaom ukAay oef; (110) om jynfwiG ;f twGut f oH;k jyKaeNy;D ukAay e Zlvdkif (27)&ufwGif &cdkifjynf armif;awmNrdKYe,f ig;cl&pcef;rS
oef; (1ç000)ausmfudk xdkif;EdkifiHodkh aehpOfwifydkha&mif;csaeonf/ epuwyfom; (2)OD; ewfjrpfukd avSwpD;jzifjU zwfu;l jy;D xGuaf jy;oGm;cJo U nf/
e EkdifiHwGif; aumufcH&&Sdaom tcGeft&yf&yfESifU 0efBuD;Xmersm;tyg e &efuek w f ikd ;f vSn;f ul;NrKd eY ,f &JreG w f yfNrKd &Y dS wyfr 11 vufatmufcH
t0if pD;yGm;a&;tzGt hJ pnf;rsm;xHrS &&Sad om0ifaiGrmS wESpv f sS if usyf x&Dv, D H cr& 215 rS &Jabmfrsm;onf pm;0wfaea&; Muyfwnf;vGef;vSojzifU
20 ausmf&SdNyD; umuG,fa&;0efBuD;XmetwGuf usyf 6 x&DvD,Hcefh okH;cJU vGefcJUonfU(6)ESpfrSpí vpOf usyf 5000 jzwfawmufcJUaom rpkrae&

wi
aMumif; etzppftpkd;&\ 2008-2009 b@ma&;tpD&ifcHpmwGif w&m; bPfpkaiGrsm; jyefxkwfay;&ef txufodkhwifjyawmif;qdkcJUaomfvnf;
0ifazmfjyxm;onf/ odahk omf tqkyd g0ifaiGpm&if;wGif jynfyEkid if rH sm;okhd a&eHEiS hf xkwrf ay;ojzifU wyfukd pGechf mG xGuaf jy; aeMuovdk tcsK&Yd aJ bmfrsm;rSmvnf;
obm0"mwfaiGaY &mif;&aiGrsm; xnfo U iG ;f rxm;ovdk tok;H p&dwrf sm;wGiv f nf; rauseyfcsufrsm; aygufuGJqlylcJUMuonf/ ,if;udpörSm ZlvdkifvtwGif; cr&
wyfrawmfa&;&mtok;H p&dwrf sm;jzpfaom ppfvufeuf0,fp&dw?f jynfyokhd ppf 215 rSaeí &JreG &f dS wyfr 11 vufatmufcaH jcjrefwyf&if;&Sp&f if;ESiUf oifwef;
ynmawmfoifrsm; apvTwfp&dwf? EsLuvD;,m;? wma0;ypf'Hk;ESifU ppfvuf ausmif;rsm;;odkh awmrD;yrm jyefYESHYoGm;cJUojzifU wyfr 11? wyfr 77? puc-
eufypönf;xkwfvkyfp&dwfrsm; ryg0ifay/ jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd vlOD;a& oef; 60 4 wyfrrSL;rsm;ESifU &efukefwdkif; wdkif;rSL;wdkh ta&;ay:aqG;aEG;n§dEIdif;cJU&onf/
eD;yg;\ usef;rma&;twGuf wESpfokH;pGJaiGrSm usyf 523 bDvD,HausmfjzpfNyD; e tvm;wl wyfr 44 vufatmufcH rGefjynf rkwÅrNrdKYtajcpdkuf
ynma&;u@okH;pGJaiGrSm usyf 1.87 x&DvD,Hausmf &Sdonf/ cr& 102 wGiv f nf; Zlvikd v f v,fyikd ;f ü bPfpak iGjyefxw k af y;a&;awmif;qdk
if;o
e ar (3)&ufwiG f &Sr;f jynfta&SyY ikd ;f usKid ;f wH&k dS trSwf 4 avaMumif; NyD; wyfwGif;rjidrfroufjzpfaeonf/
&efumuG,fa&;pcef;XmecsKyf (vpc-4) rS AdkvfBuD;at;rif;armif? ar (21) e Zlvikd v
f v,fyikd ;f wGif wyfr 101 vufatmufcH a&pBuKd tajcpdu k f
&ufwGif vpc-4 vufatmufcH avaMumif;&efumuG,fa&;wyf&if; 3036 cv& 258 ü txufXmerS xkwfay;onfU &du©mrsm; tvkHtavmufr&?
rS AdkvfBuD;atmifudkudkwdkh wyfrSxGufajy;cJUMuonf/ rvwfqwf? t&nftaoG;nHUzsif;aeNyD; wyfwGif;&HykHaiGudkvnf; wdkif;rSL;u
e ZGevf qef;ydik ;f u rGejf ynf bD;vif;tajcpdu k f cr& 3 wGif atmuf taMumif;rJUvmodrf;oGm;ojzifU &Jabmfrsm; rausreyfjzpfaeonf/
ajcwyfom;rsm; &ifqdkifae&onfU tajctaeESifU txufrStrdefhay;cdkif;apyHk e a&Tjynfomtajcpdu k f vHx k ed ;f &Jwyf&if; trSwf 6 rS &Jwyfz0YJG ifrsm;
rsm;udk rauseyfMuojzifU wyf&if;rSL;tygt0if wyf&if;w&if;vk;H Ekwx f uG zf hkd uvnf; bPfpkaiGrsm; jyefxkwfay;&ef awmif;qdkvmMuonf/ t
trSwfpOf uav;ppfom; trnf touf ae&yf odrf;oGif;aehpGJ a&muf&Sdwyf
1 atmifudkcefh 15 ESpf xaemif;wdkif&Gm? jrif;jcHNrdKYe,f 2007 Mo*kwf trSwf 919
f‹ayg

ppfajrjyiftif*sifeD,mwyf
2 ausmfoufatmif 15 ESpf tv,f&Gm? vIdifom,mNrdKYe,f 2008 atmufwdkbm cr& 230? aumhu&dwf
3 olZifOD; 17 ESpf ajrmufOuúvm? &efukef 2009 'DZifbm
4 rif;udkouf (ydkifNidrf;csrf;) 15 ESpf oeyÜif? yJcl;wkdif; 2010 azazmf0g&D trSwf-2 ppftajccH
avUusifUa&;wyf? oydwfusOf;
5 a0,Hrdk; 14 ESpf ajrmufOuúvm? &efukef 2010 rwf trSwf-8 avUusifUa&;wyf? a&Tbdk
6 udkudkOD; 8 wef;ausmif;om; 'vNrdKYe,f? &efukef 2008 ar tajrmufwyf? uavm
!Ge

7 oufydkif vIdifom,mNrdKYe,f? &efukef 2010 ar trSwf-1 avUusifUa&;wyf? azmifBuD;


8 &efNidrf;atmif (a0,HNzdK;) 17 ESpf ykodrfBuD;NrdKYe,f? rEÅav;wkdif; 2007 Zlvdkif cv& 4? ykodrfBuD;
9 pdefwl; 16 ESpf tif;om&Gm? ,if;rmyifNrdKYe,f 2010 {NyD trSwf-5 ppftajccHavUusifUa&;wyf?
a&eD
10 pdefwdk; 17 ESpf 'dkufOD;? yJcl;wkdif; 2010 ZGef cr& 420? ompnf
11 oef;aZmfxufatmif 15 ESpf '*HkNrdKYopf? &efukef trSw-f 2 ppftajccH avUusiaUf &;wyf?
oydwfusOf;
12 pef;vif;udk 15 ESpf 0rf;wGif;NrdKYe,f? rEÅav;wdkif; 2008 cr& 237? Aef;armf
13 aZmfarmifarmif 17 ESpf yJcl;NrdKYe,f 2010 Zlvdkif cv& 583? a&;
14 atmifudkudk awmifwGif;BuD;? rauG;wdkif; 2010 Zlvdkif (2008 {NyDwGif wyfxGufcGifU
vufrSwf&NyD;ol)
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& rS xkwfa0onf/
!Ge@f aygif;owif;v$m Mo*kwf 2010 11
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
ajymif;a&TYcH&um pkpkaygif; (26)ESpf (4)vtMum Zlvdkif
S
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
u&ifUtrsKd;om;tpnf;t½Hk; A[kdXmecsKyf \
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
(16)&ufwGif rauG;wdkif; o&ufaxmifrS jyefvGwf
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
wm0efay;csut f & OD;oef;jrifaU qGonf &efuek w f iG f
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
jzpf &yf rSef vmcJUonf/ OD;oef;jrifUaqGonf {&m0wDwkdif;
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
ajratmuf (,l*s)D wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf 1984
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
0gc,frNrKd eY ,fZmwdjzpfNy;D 1980 ckEpS u
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
ck rwfvtwGi;f tzrf;cH&Ny;D Ekid if aH wmf ykeu
f efrI f wnf;u
jzifU 1985 ck Zlvkdif (18)&ufü ao'Pftrdefh
a-u uGJ
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
autJef,lwGif awmfvSefa&;wm0efrsm; xrf;
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
Tragedy

$m
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
aqmifcJUol jzpfonf/ touf (25)ESpfausmfrSm
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
csrSwfcH&onf/ 1989 ckESpfwGif ao'PfrS
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
woufwuRef; (25 ESpf) odkh ajymif;vJcsrSwfcHcJU& pwifzrf;qD;cH&NyD; ,cktouf(50) t&G,fwGif
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
axmifrS jyefvGwfvmjcif;jzpfonf/
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567

f;v
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
NyD;aemuf 1997 ckESpfwGif tif;pdefaxmifrS o&ufaxmifodkh
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567

(aemufausm rif;rJh rS)


&efukefNrdKY wmarGNrdKYe,fae touf (14)ESpft&G,f armifaevif;vufwGif
L &efuek w f ikd ;f aumhrLS ;NrKd eY ,fü Zlvikd f (8)&ufnaeu wku d cf wfcaUJ om jrefrmU'rD u
dk a&pDacgi;f aqmif a':atmifqef;pkMunfa&;onfU Freedom from
fear (aMumuf&jYHG cif;rS uif;a0;a&;) pmtky(f 5)tkyEf iS Uf OD;0if;wifa&;om;onfU
avqifEmS armif;aMumifU orifNc?H o&ufawm? wmwdu k ?f xef;wyif&mG wdw hk iG f
tdrfajc(60)ausmf ysufpD;um vl(230)ausmf tdk;rJUtdrfrJU jzpfcJU&aomfvnf; ]bmvJ[JU... vlhi&J} pmtkyf(6)tkyf awGh&SdojzifU &Juzrf;vdkufonf/
,if;avab;'kuo © nfrsm;twGuf u,fq,fa&;pcef; zGiv Uf pS af &;udk &efuek f L Zlvikd f (21)&ufaehwiG f u&ifjynf bD;vif;NrKd eY ,f bk&m;qdyf puf

wi
wdkif; at;csrf;om,ma&;ESifUzGHYNzdK;a&;aumifpD (w,u)u vufrcHbJy,f av *dwfwm0efus etzwyf cr&-3 rS wyfom;ausmfausmfOD;u *dwfaMu;
csvdkufonf/ ESpfqwdk;awmif;rIudk pufavSorm;udkoef;aZmfOD;uray;ojzifU pum;rsm;NyD;
L Zlvikd f (10)&ufwiG f ucsijf ynf ylwmtdak xmifü axmiftmPmykid f ypfcwf&m pufavSarmif;orm;ajcaxmufwGif xdrSef'Pf&m& oGm;onf/
wdkhu tusOf;olESpfOD;ukd rw&m;½dkufESufaeonfudk 0ifwm;cJUonfU &efukef L u&ifjynf zmyGefNrdKYajrmufzuf&Sd tdrfajc 50 ESifU vlOD;a& 500
a&TjynfomNrKd eY ,f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGcYJ sKy0f if Edik if aH &;tusO;f ol rxufxuf cefh aexdkifaom o'g;'Jaus;&Gmudk Zlvdkif (23)&ufu etzwyf cr&
OD;a0ukd axmiftmPmydik w f uhkd ½du k Ef u
S cf o
UJ nf/ 370 ESiUf 361 wdu hk vufeufBu;D rsm;ESiUf ypfcwfNy;D aemuf rD;wif½v YdI u
kd o
f nf/
L Zlvikd f (11)&ufu 'DaubDat wyfr[m 999 \txl;wyf&if;rS L Zlvikd v
f aemufq;kH ywfu rauG;wkid ;f a&eHacsmif;NrKdY tpd;k &pufro I yd HÜ
if;o
wyfpw k pk autJe, f x l yH ;l aygi;f cJNU y;D aemufwaehwiG f ¤if;wd\ Yk rdom;pk0if ud, k 0f ef ausmif;om;tcsKdY ausmif;qkdif;bkwfrS tpdk;& qkdonfUpmvHk;udk tpd& [k
aqmtrsK;d orD;wOD;? uav;ckEpS Of ;D ESiUf touf&pS q f ,fausmt f bd;k tdw k OD; tyg ajymif;ypfco UJ jzifU ausmif;xkwcf &H onf/
t0if u&ifjynfol (12)OD;udk 'DaubDatu xdyw f ;kH cwf odrhk [kwf oHajcusi;f L a&Twd*HkapwDawmf ta&SYrkcfteD;&Sd a':pHvSyd#uwfausmif;wdkuf?
wyf zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifvdkufonf/ OD;pHcsdefa&T[oFmyd#uwfausmif;wdkufESifU OD;tkef;cifa&Tyd#uwfausmif;wdkuf
L opfawmjyKe;f wD;rIaMumifU awmwGi;f ütpma&pm&Sm;yg;vmojzifU awm wdkhudk Zlvdkif (25)&ufaemufqHk;xm;ajymif;a&TY&ef &efukefwdkif; oHCmhr[m
qif½dkif;av;aumifonf Zlvdkifvv,fydkif;u yJcl;wdkif; om,m0wDNrdKYe,fESifU em,utzGJYu ZGef (11)&ufESifU Zlvdkif (8)&ufü trdefhxkwfcJUNyD;aemuf
rif;vSNrdKYe,fvlaea'orsm;twGif; 0ifa&mufvmcJU&m om,m0wDblwm½Hk ,if;ausmif;wku d (f 3)wdu
k rf S "r®mpm&d,usr;f jyKo,
H mawmf (16)yg;ESiUf t&yfom;
tem;xd a&mufvmcJUonf/ rsm;udk owfrSwf&ufwGif tmPmydkifwdkhu zdtm;oHk; z,f&Sm;ypfcJUonf/ t
f‹ayg

L Zlvdkif (19)&uf tmZmenfaehu &efukef yg&rDum;0if;twGif;


(vlowf rS) zrf;qD;NyD; ¤if;wkdhwyfpcef;&Sd&m Z&yfBuD;okdh ac:aqmifoGm;cJU&m vrf;w0ufü
N ZGef (6)&ufaehu arNrdKY wyfrawmfenf;ynmwuúodkvf (DSTA) owfypfvu dk of nf/
wGif 'kwd,eSpfausmif;om; Adkvfavmif;atmifausmfNzdK;udk bk&ifhaemifwyfcGJ N ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f rk&H mG NrKYd trSwf (1) &Jpcef;wGif azmufxiG ;f rIoo H ,
(9) rS Adv
k af vmif;ok;H a,mufu 0dik ;f 0ef;xd;k Buw d yf pkH aH y;&mrS aoqk;H oGm;onf/ jzifU zrf;qD;cHxm;&ol ukd&Srf;BuD;udk &Juzrf;qD;½kdufESuf ppfaq;&mrS Zlvdkif
N rauG;wdik ;f rvGeo f hkd uGi;f qif;avUvmonfU arNrKd Y wyfrawmfenf; (15)&ufeeH ufwiG f aoqk;H oGm;onf/
ynmwuúodkvf bk&ifUaemifwyfcGJ (1) ausmif;om;rsm;u Adkvfavmif;pdk;rdk;
!Ge

N etzppftpd;k &u xdik ;f e,fpyf*w d rf sm;udk vH;k 0ydwqf x


hkd m;&m Zlvikd f
atmifukd ZGef (11)&ufü 0dik ;f 0ef;xd;k Buw d Mf u&m vufveG Nf y;D aoqk;H oGm;onf/ (25)&ufu rJaqmufrjS r0wDohkd cd;k jyefonfU jrefrmtvkyo f rm;wOD;udk etz
N ZGef (17)&ufaehvnfu jynfNrKd Y pufru I u G o f pf&yfuu
G wf iG f rd;k onf; ppfwyfu jr0wDbufurf;ay:twufwiG f ypfowfvu kd o f nf/
xefpmG &GmNy;D a&pD;oefvmaomaMumifU touf 5 ESprf S 10 ESpt f &G,u f av; N Zlvdkif (25)&ufu ucsifjynf zm;uefhNrdKYay:&Sd abvDwHwm;usKd;
(3)OD; a&pD;xJajrmyg aoqHk;cJUonf/ us&m wHwm;ay:jzwfu;l aeonfU ajro,f,OfwpD;? qdik u f ,fo;kH pD;ESiUf wHwm;
N ZGevf twGi;f &cdik jf ynf bl;oD;awmifEiS Uf armif;awmNrKd eY ,frsm;wGif ay:vrf;avQmufaeoltcsKdYygoGm;NyD; (8)OD;cefh aoqHk;oGm;onf/ odkhaomf
rdk;onf;í a&BuD; ajrNydKrIrsm;aMumifh pkpkaygif; (68)OD;aoqHk;um tdrf(800) etzurl wOD;omaoonf[k ajymaeonf/
ausmf vHk;0ysufpD;oGm;NyD; tdrfaxmifpkaygif; 29ç000 cefh 'ku©a&mufcJUonf/ N Zlvdkif (29)&ufu etzppftkyfpkESifU e,fjcm;apmifUwyfudpö wif;
N Zlvidk f (13)&ufwiG f u&ifjynfajrmufyidk ;f xef;wyifNrKdeY ,f&dS y,fawmf rm;aeonfU 'DaubDat wyfr[m 5 e,fajrrS a'ocH&mG om;rsm; ppfjzpfrnf
a';&Gmom; apmwmrvm'dk (39 ESp)f ESiUf apm0g;aeap; (28 ESp)f ? bkrw ® ;D &Gmom; udk aMumuf&GHYí xGufajy;&mwGif r,fUuvmacsmif;xJ avSarSmufojzifU
OD;ref;wif (50 ESpf) wdkhudk etz puc-7 vufatmufcH cv& 73 u aumUu&dwfNrdKY wmtlxaus;&GmrS uav;okH;OD;aoqkH;cJUonf/ t
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& rS xkwfa0onf/
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12 !Ge@f aygif;owif;v$m 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
'g 'dk‹ ajy 'g 'dk‹ ajr
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
NCGUB 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH Ed k i f iH awmf rif ; rJ h 0g '


12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
trsKd;om;ñGefhaygif;tpdk;& 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901

rS xkwfa0onf/ L ZGef (9)&ufwiG f u&ifjynf awmificl ½kid f oHawmifBu;D (bk&ifaU emifwyfNrKd )Y wGif vkNH cKaH &;,lae
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
'Drdkua&pD vlhtcGifhta&; zuf'&,f
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
aom etz wyfu a'ocHtrsKd;orD; aemfpDcJ (53 ESpf) zmvmNcHokdh tvkyfvkyf&efoGm;pOf ypfcwf
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
cJU&m 'Pf&mjyif;xefpGm&oGm;onf/
NCGUB
77 South Washington Street L &ckid v
f il ,frsm;jzpfaom ppfawGNrKd Y vS "mwfyqkH ikd rf S udo
k ed ;f a&Tr;kd ESiUf oli,fcsi;f ud&k x
J eG ;f wdu hk kd
Suite 308
Rockville, Maryland 20850
ZGef (22) &ufwiG f tifbmvm&yfuu G f pm;aomufqikd w f ckü rlqvifvrl sK;d (50)cefu h 0dik ;f 0ef;½du
k Ef uS f
USA ojzifU 'Pf&mjyif;xefpmG &oGm;Ny;D ppfawGaq;½Hk wufa&mufaq;ukorI cH,al e&aomfvnf; ½ku d Ef uS f
Tel: (301) 424-4810
Fax: (301) 424-4812
olrsm;udk tmPmydkif rsm;u ta&;,lzrf;qD;jcif;r&SdbJ vTwfay;xm;um vlrsKd;a&;t"du½kPf;jzpf&ef
E-mail: ncgub@ncgub.net aoG;xd;k ay;aeonf/ (pmrsue f mS 11 odhk)

vluek tf ul;qk;H urBm@tqk;d wumh xdyaf cgif


ZGef (14)&ufwGif tar&duefEdkfifiHjcm;a&; tm%m&Sif
0efBu;D XmerS xkwjf yefonfU vluek u f ;l rIwu
kd zf suf
a&; (10)Burd af jrmufEpS yf wfvnftpD&ifcpH mwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk 0g&Sifweftajc
jrefrm? usL;bm;? ajrmufudk&D;,m;ESifU tD&ef pdkuf Foreign Policy EkdifiHjcm;a&;rl0g' r*¾Zif;u
tygt0if (13)EdkifiHudk vlarSmifcdkukeful;rItm; 2010 jynfEU pS t f wGuf tqd;k wumUtqd;k qH;k tm
www.ncgub.net Pm&Sirf sm;pm&if;udk ZGef (22)&ufü azmfjyvdu k &f m
vdktyfovdk xdxda&mufa&muf ta&;,lwdkuf
zsufzdkhysufuGufonfU tqifU 3 EdkifiHrsm;tjzpf ajrmufudk&D,m;orw uif*sKHtDu yxr? Zif
owfrw S vf ukd o
f nf/ jrefrmEdik if o
H nf ,if;tqifU bmabGorw a&mbwfr*l gbu D 'kw, d ? jrefrm
ppftmPm&Sif oef;a½Tu wwd,? ql'eforw
www.campaignfordemocracy.net 3 wGif (10)ESpfqufwdkufyg0ifaeonf/
tdkrmt,fvfbm&Sm;u pwkw¬? wmUufrifepöwef
t±+;H orm;Ekid if H orw *gbef*lvD bm'Drk[mrufa'gU yOör? tD&D
x&D;,m;orw tDaq;,mUpt f zD0guD q|r? ,lZ
tar&dueftajcpdu k f Nird ;f csr;f a&; &efyakH iG bufupöweforw tpövrfum&DarmU owÅr?
tzJYG Fund for Peace trnf&dS ppfqefu h siaf &;ESiUf tD&eforw rmrG't f mruf'ife*D suf t|r? tDoD
y#dyu©avsmyU g;a&; okawoetzJu YG vlraI &;? pD;yGm; ,dkyD;,m;0efBuD;csKyf r,fvufpfZifem0D e0r?
a&;ESiUf Edik if aH &;t& tqd;k qH;k t½I;H orm;Edik if pH m&if; w½kwforw [l8sif;awmif 'ór? vpfAsm;
udk ZGef (21)&ufu jyKpx k w k jf yefc&UJ m etz tkycf sKyf tmPm&Sif um'gzD {u'ór owfrw S cf &H onf/

'kuoQ nf trsm;qk;H onfU jrefrmEdik if o H nf urÇmEh ikd if aH ygi;f 177 Edik if H


teuf 16 EdkifiHajrmuftqdk;qHk; t½IH;orm;EdkifiH
Failed State jzpfaeNy;D pd;k &dr&f onfEU ikd if rH sm;tkypf k
rsm;t& txl;pdk;&drfp&mjzpfaeNyD; pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiH
a&;ESiUf vHNk cKH a&;ydik ;f rSmvnf; pd;k &dr&f onfukd awG&Y
onf/
wGiyf gaeonf/ 2010 ckEpS pf m&if;wGif tqd;k qH;k t½I;H orm;
ZGef (15)&ufwiG f xkwjf yefco UJ nfU ukvor*¾ pHEeI ;f 12 ckjzifU wdik ;f wm&mwGif jrefrmEdik if H Edik if rH mS qdrk m;vD;,m;jzpfNy;D csu'f ?f ql'ef? Zifbm
'ku©onf½Hk; UHNCR \ ]2009 urÇmvHk;qkdif&m onf vlOD;a&taetxm;ESifU a&m*gb,jzpfrI? abG? uGe*f ?kd tmz*ef? tD&wf? A[dt k mz&du? 8De?D
OD;wnfcsurf sm;} tpD&ifcpH mxJwiG f 'kuo © nftrsm;qH;k vlwef;pm; wkid ;f &if;om;ESiUf bmoma&; rauseyf ygupöwef? a[wD? udkh'DAGm;? uifnm? Edkif*sD;&D;
xkwv f yk of nfU yifr(10)Edik if pH m&if;udk azmfjyxm;&m rI? Oya'uif;rJrU ?I zHNYG zKd ;wd;k wufa&;rnDrQr?I tpd;k & ,m;? ,Drif? jrefrm? tDo, D ykd ;D ,m;? ta&SwY aD rmwdhk
jrefrmEdik if rH mS 'kuo
© nfta&twGuf (406,700) jzifU vkyfief;rsm; pGrf;aqmif&nf? vlhtcGifUta&;pHEIef; tpOfvu kd jf zpfonf/
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yOörae&mü &Sdaeonf/ 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

N
tqdyk gtpD&ifcpH mwGif tmz*efepöwefEikd if u H 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
the killing
'ku©onf (2,887,100)OD;ESifU yxr? tD&wfu
(1,785,200)OD;ESifU 'kwd,? qdkrmvDu (678,300)
vl owf , EW &m;
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
machine
OD;ESifU wwd,? uGef*dku (455,900)OD;ESifU pwkw¬? 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udvk b H ,
D mu q|r? ql'efu owÅr? AD,uferfu N {&m0wDwikd ;f t*FyNl rKd eY ,frS udMk unfvif; (37 ESp)f udk ar (6)&ufwiG f &yfuu
G w f iG ;f qlnrH I
t|r? tD&Dx&D;,m;u e0r? qm;AD;,m;u 'ór jzifU &Jpcef;odkh zrf;qD;ac:aqmifoGm;um ½dkufESufn§Of;yef;NyD; aemufwaehwGif jyefvTwfvdkuf&m
[kazmfjyxm;onf/ ar (11)&ufaehü aoqHk;oGm;onf/ (pmrsuef m
S 11 odhk)

You might also like