Preface

Gratitude that I convey to the presence of God, Most Gracious, because thanks
to the mercy of this report I could complete as expected.
During the finishing writing this report, ranging from preparation to finish, I get a
lot of support from other parties. So on this occasion for their assistance and
moral encouragement and material I wish to express my respect and deep
gratitude to:

1. Mrs. Tuti .S S,Pdclass as a chemistry teacher. Who have provided

guidance.
2. All members of my chemistry group who have helped me in the
process of labolatorium work.
3. And all parties involved in this practice.

In preparing this report, I realize there are many disadvantages. Therefore I

apologize for all the shortcomings I hope this report will be particularly beneficial
for the writer himself and for others in general. Amin.

Cirebon, 25 August 2010

Aris Wakhyudin
 TITRATION ACID - BASE

1. Purpose
This experiment aims to analyze the levels of a substance in a mixture by performing
acid-base titration. thus we can determine the levels of these substances in comparison
with the calculation of the reaction.

2. Basic theory
Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used
to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant. Because volume
measurements play a key role in titration, it is also known as volumetric analysis. A
reagent, called the titrant or titrator,[1] of a known concentration (a standard solution)
and volume is used to react with a solution of the analyte or titrand,[2] whose
concentration is not known. Using a calibrated burette or chemistry pipetting syringe to
add the titrant, it is possible to determine the exact amount that has been consumed when
the endpoint is reached. The endpoint is the point at which the titration is complete, as
determined by an indicator (see below). This is ideally the same volume as the
equivalence point—the volume of added titrant at which the number of moles of titrant is
equal to the number of moles of analyte, or some multiple thereof (as in polyprotic acids).
In the classic strong acid-strong base titration, the endpoint of a titration is the point at
which the pH of the reactant is just about equal to 7, and often when the solution takes on
a persisting solid color as in the pink of phenolphthalein indicator. There are however
many different types of titrations.

An acid-base titration is the determination of the concentration of an acid or base by

exactly neutralizing the acid/base with an acid or base of known concentration. This
allows for quantitative analysis of the concentration of an unknown acid or base solution.
It makes use of the neutralization reaction that occurs between acids and bases and the
knowledge of how acids and bases will react if their formulas are known.

When titrating a weak acid with a strong base, the pH before the equivalence point can
be calculated by the following formula:

where:

• pKa is the negative log of the acid dissociation constant of the weak acid.
• [OH-]added is the concentration of added strong base in the final solution (not in
original standard solution)
 • [HA]total is the summed concentration of both the weak acid and its conjugate
base in the final solution.

Thus, at an addition of strong base that is half the amount of weak acid in the solution
([OH-]added = 0.5[HA]total), pH becomes equal to pKa.

The more general formula[2] that describes the titration of a weak acid with a strong base
is given below

• φ = fraction of completion of the titration (φ < 1 is before the equivalence point, φ

= 1 is the equivalence point, and φ > 1 is after the equivalence point)
• Ca,Cb = the concentrations of the acid and base respectively
• Va,Vb = the volumes of the acid and base respectively
• = the fraction of the weak acid that is ionized
• Ka = the dissociation constant for the acid
• [H + ],[OH − ] = concentrations of the H + and OH − ions respectively

3. Tools and materials

Materials:

1. Fenolftalein 2. Water 3. 1 gr of NaOH

4. Aquades 5. 10 ml of (CH3COOH)
Tools:

Measuring Flask 250 ml Pipette Volumetric 10 ml Funnel

mixer stick Balance Sheet Burette

Statif pipette Beaker glass

Erlenmeyer
4. work prosedures
Make 250 ml of NaOH solution with concentration 0.1 M
prepare as much as 1 g NaOH, and then dissolve it with distilled water until the
solution reaches 250ml, and during the manufacture must be kept stirred solution of
NaOH is available in order to completely dissolve it all.

Dissolution vinegar
Enter the 10 ml of vinegar into a measuring cup using a pipette with mumps, then
Enter the 90 ml distilled water into a measuring cup. Stir until evenly flat solution

Acid-base titration
• Clean the tools needed in the experiment
• Check first whether the burette in good condition (not cracked or leaking).
• Place the burette at statifnya and give the stopper on the burette.
• Enter the vinegar solution into the Erlenmeyer
• Enter fenolftalein two drops of vinegar into the solution.
• Put the vinegar solution mentioned below burret.
• Enter 0.1 M NaOH into the burette using corong.Lakukan filling up the whole
section filled burette (up to a maximum scale limit), and make sure there are no
gas bubbles in the burette.
• Open the stopper and allow the NaOH to flow into the lake of vinegar until the
vinegar solution is pink.
• When the vinegar solution changes color to pink, close the stopper and observe
how many ml of NaOH which has been use.
• Repeat this experiment as much as three times that of the experimental results
can be compared
• Calculate the concentration of the vinegar solution from the data obtained after
titration process

5. observation
From the experiments had been conducted, can provide the following observations:

Volume of CH3COOH x M (ml) Volume NaOH 0,1M (ml)

10 53,75
In this experiment, using the endpoint method and fenofltalein as an indicator. After
the observations made during the experiment there was a change of pink to the
solution of vinegar that had been given fenofltalein when given a certain volume of
NaOH (listed in the table above).
6. calculation
Calculating the concentration of acid CH3COOH, as follows:

V CH3COOH x N CH3COOH = V NaOH x N NaOH

100 x M CH3COOH x val = 53.75 ml x 0.1
M CH3COOH = 5.37

so, concentration (M) of CH3COOH = 5.37

notes:
because vinegar has dissolved the first 10 times, then V vinegar used is 100 ml (10
ml * 10 times dilution)

while the percentage of vinegar in the solution is:

M CH3COOH

5,37

% = 30, 72

7. discussion
Neutralization titration consisted of titration of alkaline solution and acid solution. This
titration process indicator that is used is an indicator that has a different color
(change) depending on the amount of [H +] in solution. In the neutralization titration,
if between acids and bases have the same normality, then the amount of salt
concentrations produced at one time taken as many as the number of remaining
volume of acid or basanya.
From the experiments have been conducted involving the strong base NaOH (titrant)
and the weak acid CH3COOH (analytes) and fenolftalein is an indicator that is used,
it is known that the end point of the titration occurs when the indicator changes color
in PP in the pink analyte volume titrant used at each treatment until the achievement
of the titration end point is 48.6 mL, 59mL, and 16.5 mL.
In pentitrasian between acetic acid (CH3COOH) and NaOH, the determination of
acetic acid in solution with the indicator fenolftalein which dissociates into a form that
is colorless, but when done titration with NaOH and CH3COOH solutions that
change color to pink, this indicates that in alkaline solution has been experiencing
excess at which time the color change. When a color change occurs in the solution,
that's when the titration endpoint is reached. Thus, the number of volumes that
digunaklan NaOH in the titration process can be known, as well as average volume
after an experiment was conducted thrice.
From the observations, we can obtain the average volume of NaOH used in titration
was 41.4 mL, obtained by acetic acid concentration in solution through calculation
amounted to 0.26%. From this process, we can know that this is the type of titration
neutralization titration alkalimetri, where the process involves a strong base titration
as a weak acid solution as the standard and analyte which will be titrated.
As for the possibility of errors that occur in the titration process that can lead to
failure in this experimental results, including:
• There was a leak in the titration equipment so that in calculating the
volume of NaOH that comes out is not real.
• Do not clean equipment when washed
• No real 1gr at the weigh-NaOH, because a few grams of NaOH reacts
with the TSB to disappear due to the surrounding air.
• An assumption at the time carefully observing the color change in the
solution when it reacts.

8. conclusion
Through the process of titration, ie by the reaction of vinegar (titrat) were added with
two drops of indicator fenofltalein with 0.1 M NaOH solution (titrant), can determine
the concentration of vinegar (acid). To determine the concentration required to get
the solution in a state equivalent to that which the titration should be discontinued
when the solution is mixed with vinegar to change color from clear to pink. The
volume of each drop of NaOH solution greatly affect the results of the concentration
of vinegar. After the volume of NaOH (base) is known, the concentration of vinegar
can be obtained at 30,72% levels.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-base_titration#Titration_of_weak_acid
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-base_titration
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titration
Khoopkar, s, M. 1990. Konsep Dasar Kimia Analitik. UI-Press. Jakarta.

Rivai, H. 1995. Asas Pemeriksaan Kimia. UI-Press. Jakarta

Day, R.A. dan Underwood, A.L., 1999, Analisis Kimia Kuantitatif, edisi VI, diterjemahkan
oleh: Aloysius Hadyana Pudjaatmaka, Erlangga, Jakarta
argentometri

created by:

Ayu Fitriana (03)

XI.A.1

SMAN 2 Kota Cirebon

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Table of Contents
……………………………………………………………………….
2. Foreword
……………………………………………………………………………
………
3. Experiment:

- Purpose………………………………………………………
………………
- Basic
theory…………………………………………………………
……..
- Tools and materials………………….
………………………………….
- Work prosedures…………………….
………………………………….
- Observation
……………………………………………………………….
- Discussioin …………………………….
……………………………………
- Calculation …………………………….
……………………………………

4. Conclution
……………………………………………………………………………
………
5. References …………………………………………………………