Engineering

Drawing and Design

Sixth
Sixth Edition
Edition

Chapter 8

Basic
Dimensioning
Chapter 8
Basic
Dimensioning

PhotoDisk
8-1 Basic Dimensioning

Using dimensioning in
engineering drawings
Basic rules for
dimensioning
Units of measurement
Unidirectional and aligned
systems of dimensioning PhotoDisk
Working Drawing
 Definition: A drawing from which a part
can be produced.
 Must be a complete set of instructions
 Consists of:
 The views needed to describe the shape
 Dimensions needed for manufacture
 Specifications (materials, etc.)
Dimensions are noted using:
 Extension lines
Dimension lines
Leaders
Notes
Symbols
Basic Rules for Dimensioning
1. Place dimensions between views when
possible.
2. Place the dimension line for the shortest
length, width, or height nearest the outline of the
object. Parallel dimension lines are placed in
order of their size, making the longest dimension
line the outermost.
3. Place dimensions with the view that best
shows the characteristic contour or shape of the
object. When this rule is applied, dimensions will
not always be between views.
PhotoDisk
Basic Rules for Dimensioning
4. On large views, dimensions can be placed
on the view to improve clarity.
5. Use only one system of dimensions, either
unidirectional or aligned, on any one drawing.
6. Dimensions should not be duplicated in
other views.
7. Dimensions should be selected so that it
will not be necessary to add or subtract
dimensions in order to define or locate a
feature.
PhotoDisk
 Quick Quiz

 What dimensioning rule allows

dimensions not to be placed between
views?
 Place dimensions with the view that best
shows the characteristic contour or
shape of the object.
8-2 Dimensioning Circular
Features

Diameters and radii

Cylindrical and slotted holes
8-3
Dimensioning
Common
Features Chamfers,
slopes,
tapers,

PhotoDisk
Repetitive features
 Dimensioned once with an indication of
how many repetitions are required
Chamfers
 Normally dimensioned using angle and
linear length
Slopes
 Expressed as a ratio of difference in
heights at a specified distance apart
Tapers
 Expressed as the ratio of the difference
in sections
Knurls
 Expressed in terms of type, pitch, and
diameter before and after knurling
Undercuts
 Expressed as width by diameter

Plain Undercut
 Quick Quiz

 How is a slope dimensioned?

 As a ratio of difference in heights at a
specified distance apart
8-4
Dimensioning Methods
Rectangular coordinate
dimensioning
Polar coordinate, chordal, true-
position, chain, and datum
dimensioning

PhotoDisk
Rectangular Coordinate
Dimensioning
 Indicates distance, location, and size
 Uses linear dimensions measured
 parallel or perpendicular to reference axes
 datum planes that are parallel or
perpendicular to each other.
Polar Coordinate
Dimensioning
 Commonly used
in circular planes
or circular
configurations of
features.
 Indicates the
position of a point,
line, or surface with
a linear dimension
and an angle.
Chordal Coordinate
Dimensioning
 May be used for the spacing of points
on the circumference of a circle relative
to a datum.
True-Position Coordinate
Dimensioning
 Covered more completely in chapter 16.
Chain Dimensioning
 A series of dimensions is applied on a
point-to-point basis.
 Chain dimensioning may allow
undesirable tolerance accumulation.
Datum or Common-Point
Dimensioning
 Several dimensions are measured from
a common point or line.
 Quick Quiz
 Which kind of dimensioning is a series
of dimensions applied on a point-to-
point basis?
 Chain dimensioning
8-5
Limits and
Tolerances
Permissible variations in
form, size, or location
Tolerancing methods

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Limit Dimensioning
 High limit is placed above the low limit
Plus-and-Minus Tolerancing
 Bilateral:
 Variation is
allowed in both
directions

Unilateral
 Variation is
only allowed in
one direction
Definition: Tolerance
Accumulation
 The effect of cumulative tolerances
caused by the relationship of tolerances
to each other.
 Chain dimensioning is the method that
allows the most accumulation of
tolerances.
 Direct dimensioning allows for the least
tolerance accumulation.
8-6 Fits and Allowances
 Interchangeability of parts
 Standard inch fits
 Preferred metric limits and fits
Fit Types
Clearance fit
A fit between mating parts that leaves space
between them
Interference fit
 A fit between mating parts in which the parts
interfere with each other
Transition fit
 A fit in which the limits of size overlap, so that
the resulting parts may have either a clearance
or an interference

PhotoDisk
 Quick Quiz

 What term refers to the cumulative

effect of tolerances?
 Tolerance accumulation
Interchangeability of Parts
 Completely interchangeable assembly
 All mating parts are toleranced to assemble and
function without machining or fitting
 Fitted assembly
 Mating features are made to relate to each other.
Individual members of mating features are not
interchangeable
 Selected assembly
 All parts are mass-produced, but members of mating
features are selected so they will have the required
relationship with each other.
Further Study
 Various systems of limits and fits are
outlined on pages 220-226 of the
Engineering Drawing and Design
textbook.
8-7
Surface Texture
Surface texture
characteristics
Representing surface
texture on a drawing
Application
Machined surfaces
Janis Christie
Surface Texture Characteristics
 Roughness
 The finer irregularities in surface texture
Roughness-height value
The arithmetic average deviation expressed
in microinches or micrometers measured
normal to the center line.
Surface Texture Characteristics
 Roughness spacing
 The distance parallel to the nominal surface
between the successive peaks of the predominant
roughness pattern
Surface Texture Characteristics
 Lay
 The direction of the predominant surface
pattern
Flaws
 Irregularities that occur infrequently,
including defects.
Machining symbols
 Machining symbol
 Material removal
allowance
 Amount of material
to be removed is
shown to the left of
the machining
symbol
 Material removal
prohibited