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Wcdudf{mwcs dh ucn –Mksu{mou mbe Odbo{nun‑ ncakauadb, vcaoc vms ucn ha{su scdvabfab Nbf`mbe dh abun{bmuadbm` mksu{mou m{u, m``dv ~s ud nbun{ ucn vd{`e dh ucn mxmbu)fm{en ms au vms ab Hnk{~m{q =1?8" Vn m{n ab Dhd{e" D~usaen, ucn{n as m`` ucn ~s~m`o{~sc dh kaoqo`ns, kddls, fm{fdq`ns mbe mboanbu sudbns" Absaen mu 5= _u Fa`ns, ucabfsm{n eahhn{nbu" N}~asaun`q hmou~{ne odbsu{~ouadbs kq Bm~i Fmkd doo~wq sdkn{ vcaunw`abucs< va{n idka`ns kq M`nmben{ Om`en{ m{n s~swnbene nwnoumbu`q ab iae)ma{,omsuabf s`dv)idxabf scmedvs m{d~be ucn vm``s" Wanu Idbe{amb‑s f{ae odiwdsauadbscd`e ~s ab w{nom{ad~s n}~a`ak{a~i, easua``abf uain mbe swmon edvb ud ucn km{n abun{)snouadb dh `abns" Ucas imq snni m su{mbfn sum{uabf wdabu hd{ mb Nbf`asc wa`f{aimfn,k~u au vms h{di ucas sa`nbu, niwuane)d~u swmon ucmu ucn jd~{bnq cdin knfmb ‟ d{, mu`nmsu, ucas as vcn{n au knfmb hd{ m easuabouaxn f{d~w dh nwn{ainbum` mbua}~m{ambs,abo`~eabf Jdcb Wawn{, Iqhmbvq Nxmbs mbe Baod`nun F{mq" Ucnq vn{n noaune mbeabswa{ne kq ucn vcaunbnss, k~u ucnq vd~`e knodin abo{nmsabf`q odbsoad~s dh cdvi~oc au snnine ud kn `nmxabf d~u" Vauc ucna{ vaen abun{nsus mbe a{{nw{nssak`n `dxndh ucn Nbf`asc `mbesomwn, ucnsn `aln)iabene h{anbes vd~`e fd ab snm{oc dh m bnv`qmbf`aoasneiden{bm{u"Ucn `~{n dh mksu{mouadb ab =1?8, cdvnxn{, vms nu{nin`q su{dbf" Ucn omum)`df~n hd{ ucn Dhd{e ncakauadb vms m swnoam` b~ikn{ dh 
Mas 
, Nbf`mbe‑s idsumexnbu~{d~s m{u imfmzabn" Vauc aus f`nmiabf vcaun wmfns mbe `m{fn {nw{de~ouadbs,ucn imfmzabn, neaune kq Iqhmbvq Nxmbs, vms ab aus snodbe s~oonssh~` qnm{"
Mas 
w{dxaene m hd{~i hd{ ucn mksu{mou vd{l ucmu vms bdv ucn om~sn dh i~oc enkmun"Ucd~fc Nxmbs meia{ne nmoc wmabuabf hd{ ausn`h mbe –bdu ms mb mou dh hmauc‑, scn vmssqiwmucnuao uducn {mwu~{d~s~udwambasiucmu`mq kncabeucn vd{ldh w~{asum{uasus:Ucn{n as ab ucna{ vcd`n muuau~en ud wmabuabf mbe so~`wu~{n m wmssadbmun kn`anh ab ucn wdvn{ hd{ fdde dh w~{n mksu{mou vd{l" W~{n od`d~{s, k{a``ambu odbu{msusd{ ucn en`aomun o`m{auq dh dbn wm`n `abn mfmabsu mbducn{, ucn mksnbon dh c~imbmbe nm{uc`q mssdoamuadbs, m`` inmb ud ucni m wdsauaxn sunw ud wn{hnouadb"
=
=
MBOANBU
mbe 
IDEN[B
 
=8
Mboanbu mbe Iden{b
Ucnsn aenms dh w~{auq mbe mksuabnbon ediabmune ucn `mbf~mfn dh N~{dwnmb wmabuabfabucn =1?7s"Abhmouucnqvn{n wm{udh mvcd`n iden{bhmbumsqdh o`nmb`abnss"Iden{basi mslne vcnucn{ ucn m{uasu od~`e nbfabnn{ m uaean{ vd{`e" Od~`evcaun wmabu {nsud{n d~{ easd{en{`q swnoans ud m sumun dh w{aim` o`m{auq4 Ucn nwn{a)inbu fdu ~ben{vmq ab {nxd`~uadbm{q [~ssam, vcn{n ucn _~w{nimuasus wmabune vcaundb vcaun" Ucnb, mhun{ ucn F{nmu Vm{, ucn{n vms ucn od{{dsaxn ea{u dh ucn u{nbocnsud kn vmscne mvmq" Kq ucn =1;7s ucn vcaunbnss vms nbun{abf wndw`n‑s cdins" @nOd{k~san{ ass~ne su{aou absu{~ouadbs hd{ w~{ahane `axabf: –Nxn{q oauaznb‑, cn v{dun, –as{n}~a{ne ud {nw`mon cas cmbfabfs, cas emimsl, cas vm``)wmwn{s, cas sunboa`s, vauc mw`mab odmu dh vcaun {awd`ab" Cas cdin as imen o`nmb"‑ Ucas vms bdu in{n`q m omsn dh kd`e abun{ad{ enod{muadb k~u mb mou dh swa{au~m` o`nmbsabf, ms @n Od{k~san{ nw`mabne:–Ucn{n m{n bd id{n ea{uq, em{l od{bn{s" Nxn{qucabf as scdvb ms au as" Ucnb odins
abbn{ 
o`nmbbnss‑"
;
Ucn{n vms `auu`n easuabouadb knuvnnb ucn `axabf swmon mbe ucn vd{l dh m{u"Kduc i~su kn niwuane mbe w~{ahane" Ab Wm{as, Idbe{amb vcaunvmscne cas mwm{uinbuab ucn cdwn dh n{msabf un``)um`n safbs dh cas abeaxae~m`auq" Mfmab, ucas vms bd d{eabm{qw{donss dh sw{abf)o`nmbabf: Idbe{amb wauune cas vcaunbnss mfmabsu ucn d~usaenvd{`e‑s od`d~{h~` w{dh~sadb kq easw`mqabf ab cas cm``vmq m sabf`n m{uahaoam` u~`aw,vcaunvmscne,abmxmsn"Auvmsmsn{ad~sjdln,mscdvedvbknuvnnbucnwmabun{‑s~{fnud ~bahq mbe bmu~{n‑s enun{iabmuadb ud h`q ~b{~`q od`d~{s dh aus dvb"
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Idbe{amb eaem``dvsdinod`d~{abcaswmabuabfs,k~udb`qvcnbodbumabnekqucnf{aesqsunivaucvcaoc cn lnwu cas ombxmsns ab ocnol" Cas f{aes w{diasne m f`aiwsn dh m u{mbsonbenbucaeenb d{en{< ucn wm{mwcn{bm`am dh ema`q `ahn vms {njnoune ms ~bvmbune easu{mouadbh{diucn odbonbu{muneabbn{jd~{bnqucmuIdbe{ambw{nso{akne"Ucaswca`dsdwcqo{dssneucnOcmbbn`:abK{auascm{ufm``n{ansucnbnvd{en{`a)bnss {nafbne s~w{nin" Ucn _nxnb mbe Haxn _doanuq #hd~bene ab =1=1 kq snxnbwmabun{s mbe haxn so~`wud{s! enoaene ab =1?> ucmu nxn{qucabf ab aus mbb~m` ncakauadbscd~`eknmksu{mou"_ua```axnsmbexanvsuc{d~fcvabedvsvn{nbd`dbfn{moonwumk`n,mbe inikn{s vcd o`~bf ud haf~{muadb vn{n ~bon{nidbad~s`q mslne ud `nmxn" Nxnbucn f{d~w‑s bmin vms scd{b dh mbq s~swaoad~s `aun{m{abnss, mbe s`nnl`q {nk{mbene–6 ( >‑" Ucn idsu w{diabnbu qd~bf m{uasus ab K{aumab kn`dbfne ud ucn 6 ( >" KnbBaocd`sdb, ucn w{nsaenbu, vms bdv w{de~oabf cas vcaun {n`anhs, om{xabf fndinu{aohd{is ab vdde mbe wmabuabf ucni dxn{ vauc m ~bahqabf odmu dh vcaun" Km{km{mCnwvd{uc vms wan{oabf uc{d~fc so~`wune hd{is" Jdcb Wawn{ vms imlabf um~u odb)su{~ouadbsmbeod``mfnsdh xn{uaom`scmwns"Ucas m{u dh w~{auq vms inssq ud imln" Vcnb Na`nnb Cd`eabf uddl ud odb)su{~ouaxasi, Wawn{ knidmbne ucn –mvh~` odbsn}~nbons dh smvabfs, ocasn``abfs, sumolsdh vdde‑ m`` dxn{ ucna{ oduumfn ab Knuocvd{uc" Ucn{n vms bdu i~oc {ddi hd{ m`` ucaso{nmuaxn nwmbsadb, mbe hd{ cas wm{u cn u{ane ud odbhabn caisn`h ud –m `auu`n wn{hd{munezabombeemabuqwdusdh nbmin`‑"
5
K~uabucnsa`nbondh ucnfm``n{q,vaucsmve~susvnwu
 
Mboanbu mbe Iden{b
=1
mvmq, ucnsn odbsu{~ouadbs h~bouadbne ms mbuaeduns ud inss" Ucnq mbbd~bone m bnv`qvnafcu`nss, ~bunucn{ne nasunbon" Ab eno`ababf ud {nw{nsnbu mbqucabf, mksu{mou m{uod~`e o`mai h{nnedi h{di nxn{qucabf" Ab ucas aiimo~`mun vd{`e ucn{n vn{n bdm{iansd{o`msssqsunis,bdim{fabsd{onbu{n"Ausmexdomunsocmiwadbnembmnsucnuao`akn{uqucmusuddehd{sdoam``akn{uq"Ucas vms ucn o`aimun ab vcaoc Nxmbs enoaene ud `m~boc
Mas 
" Ucn abswa{muadbomin `m{fn`q h{di ucn Wm{asamb wmabun{ Jnmb Cá`adb, dbn dh ucn onbu{m` haf~{ns ab ucnMssdoamuadb Mksu{mouadb)O{ámuadb" Ucas vms bdv ucn `m{fnsu ncakauabf f{d~w abN~{dwn hd{ mksu{mou m{uasus, mbe au w~k`ascne mb mbb~m` jd~{bm` dh aus vd{l" VcnbCá`adb s~ffnsune ucmu mb Nbf`asc od~bun{wm{u ud
Mksu{mouadb)O{ámuadb 
iafcu knwdssak`n, Nxmbs {nswdbene bdu j~su vauc m imfmzabn hd{ Nbf`asc aenms, k~u vauc mw~k`aomuadb ucmu vms u{~`q abun{bmuadbm`" Bdu cmxabf mbq hd{im` m{u u{mababf, scnvdben{ne vcnucn{ scn vms }~m`ahane< vms mb Nbf`asc enf{nn #swnoam` s~kjnou: snxnb)unnbuc onbu~{q! mbe mb meeaouadb ud fm``n{ans nbd~fc4 Vauc absu{~ouadbs h{di Wawn{mkd~u vcd ud snn, scn vnbu ud xasau H{nboc m{uasus ab ucna{ su~eads" _cn odiiassadbnem{uao`ns h{di Lmbeabslq, @áfn{, Oásm{ Edin`m, mbe h{di Cá`adb caisn`h, mbe w~k)`ascne ucni m`dbfsaen wanons kq Nbf`asc o{auaos `aln Cn{kn{u [nme mbe C" _" Nen, ucnod``noud{ vcd cme m`{nmeq moo~i~`mune i~oc dh ucn m{u ucmu vd~`e habe aus wn{im)bnbucdinmuLnuu`n‑sQm{e"Ucnnwaonbu{ndh m``ucasmouaxauqvmsmb~b`aln`qw`mon"Abnm{`q =1?> Nxmbs mbe Wawn{ imen ucna{ cdin udfnucn{ mu Hmv`nq Kduudi, m {nidun,h`abu)vm``ne hm{icd~sn db ucn Dhd{esca{n‟K~olabfcmisca{n kd{en{" Ucn{n vmsbd cnmuabf, bd {~bbabf vmun{, mbe bd n`nou{aoauq" Ab ucn wcdudf{mwcs nxn{qdbn asvnm{abfxn{qucaolj~iwn{s"K~uucn{n,dbucnlauocnbumk`n,mxmbu)fm{env{auabfmbeaimfnsodbxn{fneh{dim``dxn{N~{dwn"
>
Ucn casud{q dh Nbf`asc mksu{mouadb, mbe dh ucn Nbf`asc d{anbumuadb udvm{esH{mbon, vms {ddune ab ucn vd{l dh ucn K`ddisk~{q o{auaos [dfn{ H{q mbe O`axn Kn``"Ucn Wdsu)Aiw{nssadbasu ncakauadbs dh =1=7 mbe =1=; cme abu{de~one iden{bH{nboc wmabuabf ud Nbf`mbe vauc nu{md{eabm{q {ns~`us" Fm~f~ab‑s Umcauambs mbeImuassn‑semboabfb~ensom~snemsnbsmuadb:e~ocnssnshmabuneabcd{{d{,m{uasusvn{nsnazne vauc en`afcu" Ucn ocm{fns dh enkm~ocn{q k{d~fcu mb muidswcn{n dh a``aoau eas)odxn{q ud ucn m{f~inbus ucmu H{q imen sunmea`q mbe odbhaenbu`q m`` uc{d~fc ucncamu~s, mbe vcaoc ‟ cme ucn dhhnbene wm{uans db`q kn`anxne cai ‟ niwuane ucn wmabu)abfs dh sn~m` w{dxdomuadb kq enumocabf ucni odiw`nun`q h{di ucn c~imb kdeansucnq {nw{nsnbune" H{q abu{de~one m id{n w`mudbao k~u bd `nss snbs~m` vmq dh `ddlabfmuucnsn waou~{ns"Ucnqvn{n hd{is,cn smae#mfmabmbemfmab!,w~{n hd{is"H{q‑s`naodbdh w~{auqmbe–safbahaombuhd{i‑{nimabnewm{udh ucn`mbf~mfndh ucn =1;7s mbe ?7s< au omb sua`` kn cnm{e ab
Mas 
" Aenms nimbmuabf h{di K`ddisk~{qvn{n {nhabne d{ {njnoune k~u aiwdssak`n ud afbd{n" Dbon qd~ cme {nme [dfn{ H{qucn{n vms bd vmq kmol" Cn{n cn as, nw`mababf ab ucn =1=; ncakauadb omum`df~n ucnmksd`~un eaxaen knuvnnbm{umbe–d{eabm{q`ahn‑: