Indo-U.S. Cooperation in Energy - Indian Perspective
By
V. Raghuraman
Senior Advisor – EnergyConfederation of Indian Industry, IndiaEmail: v.raghuraman.ciionline.org
&
Sajal Ghosh
Executive officer, Energy DivisionConfederation of Indian Industry, IndiaEmail: sajal.ghosh@ciionline.org
Confederation of Indian IndustryPlot No. 249-F, Sector 18Udyog Vihar, Phase IV Gurgaon, Haryana 122015IndiaMarch 2003
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Introduction
The Atlantic Council of the United States is now engaged in a policy project tohelp promote clean air in China and India. This is a quadripartite project involving theConfederation of Indian Industry, the South-North Institute for Sustainable Development(China) and the Committee for Energy Policy Promotion (Japan).The objective of this project is to develop a consensus policy paper, which willinclude recommendations directed at the public and private sectors of China, India, Japanand the United States, which will contribute to promoting clean air in China and India.This paper “Indo-U.S. Cooperation in Energy – Indian Perspectives” by V.Raghuraman and Sajal Ghosh of the Confederation of Indian Industry, was prepared asinput to the Working Group, which is developing the policy paper noted above.This paper has been developed to present some areas for enhanced Indo-U.S.cooperation in the energy sector from an Indian perspective. To lay a sound foundationfor identifying these areas, the paper first presents an energy scenario for India and then asummary of existing Indo-U.S. cooperation efforts in the pubic and private sectors.The paper highlights opportunities for foreign investment (including U.S.investment) in subsectors of the energy sector, ranging from oil and gas to renewables.The paper then identifies areas for possible enhanced Indo-U.S. energy cooperation in arange of areas including geophysical exploration, energy efficiency, clean energy sourcesand the power sector.The paper concludes by presenting recommendations for strengthening Indo-U.S.energy cooperation.Donald L. GuertinDirector, Program on Economics, Energy and EnvironmentAtlantic Council of the United States
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Executive Summary
The energy sector holds the key in accelerating the economic growth of India. Thechallenge is especially significant given the Honorable Prime Minister’s cherished goalof reaching 8% growth rates from the current threshold of around 5 to 6%. However, thedevelopment of the Indian energy sector has been constrained by capital, technology,environment and security issues arising out of internal and external consequences.Five different ministries have structurally handled the Indian energy sector and power is a concurrent subject of both the central government and the states. Althoughreforms in the energy sector are underway, the pace of reform is different in the subsectors viz, power, coal, oil, gas and renewables. The power sector needs special attentionto foster development aspirations. Despite significant growth in terms of technologicalsophistication and capacity addition, the power sector suffers from financial weaknessand supply constraints. Thus, emphasis should be put on a scheduled process to turnaround the sector from “bankruptcy to bankability”.Indo-U.S. cooperation in the field of energy has been crystallizing over the yearsin government, academia and industry. Some collaboration in the coal, gas and electricitysectors now exist and a number of American enterprises are operating in India but themagnitude is small relative to the total potential that can be exploited.Bringing the availability of energy up to the global average will require hugeadditions to the energy infrastructure in India. To attract foreign investment in the energysector, the Indian Government has provided attractive packages and policy incentives.Immense Indo-U.S. energy cooperation possibilities exist in the area of energyefficiency, nuclear energy, the application of biotechnology in biomass gasification,geophysical exploration, renewables, and other clean energy technologies. The UnitedStates can also play a role in regional energy cooperation and ensuring energy security by promoting greater cooperation and integration of regional energy markets in electricityand natural gas, as well as the unhindered cross-border trading of cleaner fuels andenergy resources among South Asian countries.It would also be possible for Indian organizations to carry out research anddevelopment programs in collaboration with U.S. research entities on emergingtechnologies such as integrated gasification humid air turbines, integrated gasificationmolten carbonate fuel cells, development of hot gas cleanup systems for IntegratedGasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), high temperature air pre-heater, new material for ultra-supercritical boilers, cleaner vehicles, development of super-conducting materials,hydrogen energy and development of local scale clean technologies. With regards toclean coal technologies over the next decade in the United States, it may be difficult todeploy the advanced technologies that emerge from research programs, as most of thenew power plants will be based on non-coal sources. There are excellent opportunities inIndia to examine the feasibility of these technologies, which will be a win-win situationfor India and the United States.
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