Chapter One Important Terms and Properties

LT1: Translate words into algebraic expressions and equations.

variable - usually a ________-, it represents a ________ that _________

algebraic expression - contains at least one ___________ and at least one ________________

_________________

numerical expression - contains only ____________ and _________________ ______________

factors - quantities being _____________

product - result from a _______________ expression

quotient - result from a ___________ expression

equation - a mathematical ______________ that contains ________________________ (_____)

LT2: Use order of operations.

1. Find the values of the expressions inside ________ symbols, such as ______________,

___________________, and as indicated by _______________ ________-.

2. Do all _______________.

3. Do all ____________ and/or _________ from _________ to ________.

4. Do all ___________ and/or _____________ from _________ to ________.

LT3: Identify algebraic properties.

Properties of Equality
Symbols Numbers
Substitution If a = b, then a may be replaced If 9 + 2 = 11, then 9 + 2 may be replaced
by b. by 11.
Reflexive a=a 21 = 21
Symmetric If a = b, then b = a. If 10 = 4 + 6, then 4 + 6 = 10.
Transitive If a = b and b = c, then a = c. If 3 + 5 = 8 and 8 = 2(4), then 3 + 5 = 2(4).
Property Words Symbols Numbers

45 + 0 = 45
When 0 is added to any For any number a,
Additive Identity 0+6=6
number a, the sum is a. a + 0 = 0 + a = a.
0 is the identity.

When a number a is 12 x 1 = 12
Multiplicative For any number a, a x 1 =
multiplied by 1, the 1x5=5
Identity 1 x a = a.
product is a. 1 is the identity.

Multiplicative If 0 is a factor, the For any number a, a x 0 = 7 x 0 = 0

Property of Zero product is 0. 0 x a = 0. 0 x 23 = 0

LT4: Evaluate algebraic expressions.

evaluate - applying the __________________________ to _____________________ of an

___________________________.

LT5: Use the commutative and associative properties to simplify expressions.

Commutative Property of Addition: The __________ in which two numbers are _________ does

not __________________.
For any numbers a and b, a + b = b + a. 5+7=7+5

Commutative Property of Multiplication: The __________ in which two numbers are ________

does not _________________.

For any numbers a and b, ab = ba. 10 x 3 = 3 x 10

Associative Property of Addition: The way in which three numbers are ___________ when they

are ______________ does not __________________________.

For any numbers a, b, and c, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c). (24 + 8) + 2 = 24 + (8 + 2)

Associative Property of Multiplication: The way in which three numbers are _____________

when they are _____________ does not ______________________.

For any numbers a, b, and c, (ab)c = a(bc). (9 x 4) x 25 = 9 x (4 x 25)

Whole Numbers: {0, 1, 2, 3,....}

Closure Property of Whole Numbers: Because the sum or product of two _______________ is
also a _________________, the set of whole numbers is closed under _______________ and

___________________.
2 + 5 = 7, and 7 is a whole number. 2 x 5 = 10, and 10 is a whole number.

counterexample - an _______________ that shows the statement is _____________________.

LT6: Use the distributive property to evaluate expressions.

The Distributive Property:
For any numbers a, b, and c, a(b + c) = ______________ and a(b - c) = ___________________.
2(5 + 3) = (2 x 5) + (2 x 3) 2(5 - 3) = (2 x 5) - (2 x 3)

LT7: Write algebraic expressions in simplest form

term – a ___________, _____________, or product or quotient of ____________ and

____________

coefficient - the _________________________ of a term

like terms - terms that contain the _____________________________

equivalent expressions - expressions whose values are the same for

_____________________________

simplest form - an algebraic expression that has no _________________ and no ____________

LT8: Use a four-step plan to solve problems.
1. Explore

_________ the problem carefully. _____________ the information that is given and

___________what you need to __________.

2. Plan

Select a ______________ for solving the problem. (See page 24 for suggestions) If possible,

________________ what you think the answer should be before solving the problem.

3. Solve

Use your strategy to ______________________. You may have to choose _____________ for

________________, and then ___________________________. Be sure to

________________________________________________.

4. Examine

______________ your answer. Does it ________________? Is it ________________________

to _______________________________?

formula - an ______________ that states a rule for the _____________ between ____________