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Auditing Technology for Electronic VotingMachines
bySharon B. Cohen
Submitted to theDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceMay 19, 2005In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Engineeringand Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
ABSTRACT
Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) voting machine security has been a significanttopic of contention ever since Diebold voting machine code turned up on a public internetsite in 2003 and computer scientists at Johns Hopkins University declared the machine“unsuitable for use in a general election.” Since then, many people from computerscientists to politicians have begun to insist that DREs be equipped with a paper trail. Apaper trail provides a paper printout for the voter to approve at the end of each votingsession. Although there have been strong political efforts to place paper trails on DREmachines, there have not been any scientific studies to indicate that paper trails areeffective audits. This work describes a user study done to compare paper trails to audioaudits, a new proposal for DRE auditing. Participants in the study completed fourelections on a voting machine with a paper trail and four elections on a machine with anaudio trail. There were purposeful mistakes inserted into the audits on some of themachines. Results from the study indicated that participants were able to find almost 10times as many errors in the audio audit then they were able to find in the paper trail.Voters’ attitudes towards the paper audit were extremely apathetic, and voters did notspend much time reviewing their paper record. When asked which type of audit voterswould prefer for their own county elections, almost all voters preferred the VVPAT.These results indicate that newer alternative audit technology holds great promise indelivering a safe and accurate audit and further that paper trails have some significantdesign obstacles that need to be overcome before they will be effective audits.Thesis Supervisor: Ted SelkerTitle: Associate Professor, Program in Media Arts and Sciences