REFLECTION ON TEACHING AND

LEARNING 1- SELF AS SOURCE OF

DEVELOPMENT
FIRDAUS EFFENDI BIN SARION
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ZURAIMI BIN MOHD ZUBER

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MUHAMMAD AZMEER BIN BASIR

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MOHD FARID BIN DAWAM

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 WHAT IS SELF- MONITORING?
• Systematic approach to the observation,
evaluation and management of one’s own
behavior
• for the purposes of achieving a better
understanding and control over one’s behavior.

Richards (1990,118)
 So what is it?
• Refers to teacher making a record of a lesson
– Written
– Recording

• Use the info as a source of feedback on teaching

• Complements (complete) other form of assessment

- feedback from students, peers, supervisors
 WHY USE SELF-MONITORING?
• Teachers need feedback on what they do and how well they
do it

• Can lead to critical reflection.

• Help teachers- “better understand their own instructional

process”

• Shifts the responsibility for improving teaching

• Narrow the gap between imagined view and reality

WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN LESSONS?
• Classroom management
• Teacher-student interaction
• Grouping
• Structuring
• Tasks
• Teacher resources
• Classroom interactions
• Opportunities for speaking
• Quality of input
• Communicativeness
• Questions
• Feedback
 GUIDELINES
• Decide what aspect-wish to improve.
• Narrow the choices.
• Develop a plan of action to address the
specific problem identified.
• Draw up a time frame to carry out the goals.
 HOW IS SELF- MONITORING CARRIED
OUT?

• Personal Reflection

• Self-Reporting

• Recordings of a Lesson
 PERSONAL REFLECTION
• Use of diary or journal

• Teacher makes an honest and open report of

what happen in classroom

• Goal : write RECOLLECTIONS of a lesson in as

much DETAIL as possible
 Writing Journal: How to
• After lesson – write notes about events that
took place in lesson
• Teacher may tape record first
• What to record:
– Event that took place in lesson
– Reaction to classroom events
– Interpretation of what went on in lesson
– Ideas for future analysis
– Reminders of needed actions
Example diary – Sylvia Ashton (1965)
– Experience Teaching Maori children
 SELF-REPORTING
• Involves completing an inventory and
checklist;
• Indicates which teaching practice were used
within a lesson and how often they’re
employed
• May be completed individually or in group
sessions.
Inventory: instructional practices in teaching of
grammar (Coziol & Call 1986)
Teacher self observation checklist (Christison & Bassano 1984)
 RECORDING OF A LESSON
• Goal: to capture as much of the interaction of
the class as possible.

• Interaction:
– Teacher to class
– Student to student
• Example

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