Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kindly find enclosed detailed notes regarding the five and a half decade
long demand and struggle of the people of Telangana for the formation of
their own State. It is in response to the public notice issued by the
Committee inviting views and suggestions on the issues involved.
A Conditional Merger:
I would like to bring to the kind notice of the Committee that the demand of
the people of Telangana for a separate state is not a new development. It
was voiced much before the formation of Andhra Pradesh and continues to
be raised even thereafter. The reason for the reluctance of people for the
merger of Telangana with Andhra then was the fear of exploitation, neglect
and injustice in the enlarged state of Andhra Pradesh. And the reason for
their resistance now to continue in the existing set up is the actual
experience of exploitation, neglect and injustice.
The merger of Telangana with Andhra took place against the wishes of the
people of the region and contrary to a categorical recommendation of the
States Reorganisation Commission, besides the reluctance of the Prime
Minister of the time Jawaharlal Nehru.
The merger was the result of manipulative politics. It was, however, not
unconditional, nor was it considered eternal. It was facilitated by a number
of solemn promises made and constitutional safeguards given to the
people of Telangana as a protective umbrella against the possible
exploitation. These promises were made a number of times, but none of
them was ever honoured. In the process, Telangana became a victim of
broken promises.
Promises Broken:
The All Party Accord of January 1969 arrived at a meeting of the leaders
of all the political parties in the State, convened by the then Chief Minister
Brahmananda Reddy, was shelved in less than six months time.
The Eight Point Formula and the Five Point Formula announced by the
Prime Minister of the time, Indira Gandhi in 1969, were not even given a
fair trial.
The historic verdict of the Supreme Court of India validating the Mulki
Rules was got annulled by the Parliament, succumbing to the pressure of
anti Telangana lobby of Andhra -- something unheard of in a democratic
polity!
The Six Point Formula, a diluted form of safeguards, was foisted on the
people as an alternative. Even this formula has been, and continues to be,
violated with impunity, robbing the people of Telangana of whatever little
was left in the name of safeguards.
The root cause for the failure of all these exercises was that, they were
attempts to treat only the symptoms and not the malady. Consequently, the
exploitation of the region and its people continued -- and still continues –
unabated, under the patronage of Andhra political leadership. In this
process the so called concept of Telugu Brotherhood has become
irrelevant, placing the people of Telangana in an extremely unenviable
position.
ix. The Muslim minority of the region has lost its preeminence which it
enjoyed in the past. It is a totally neglected section of the people in
matters of education, employment, economic development,
participation in the polity and language and culture. Low literacy rate
among the Muslims is getting further compounded by an abnormally
high rate of dropouts at the school level. It is as high as 90% as
confessed by the Minister for Minority Welfare of the State. The
Muslim Community is made to suffer perennially with a feeling of
insecurity, neglect and deprivation.
x. On the industrial front quite a few major industries inherited from the
erstwhile Hyderabad State are either closed down or sold out. To
mention a few: the Azamjahi Mills in Warangal, the largest textile mill
of the times in Asia, has been closed down; the Nizam’s Sugar
Factory in Bodhan, the largest Sugar mill of the times in Asia, has
been sold out to Andhra investors at a throw away price; the Sirsilk
Factory in Sirpur, Spinning Mills of Antargaon, DBR Mills, Allwyn
Factory, Republic Forge, Glass Factory have been abandoned. The
Fertiliser Factory at Ramagundem and IDPL in Hyderabad have also
been liquidated. The level of employment in the Singareni Collieries is
being pruned year after year.
The industrial development that has taken place in and around the
capital city has not benefited the Telangana in any way. The land,
water and power and other infrastructure facilities, made available to
these industries belong entirely to Telangana; yet the migrants from
the other regions are given more than 95% of the jobs. No major
industry worth its name has been set up in any of the districts of the
Telangana region as compared to the establishment of several
industries in Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Kakinada, Nellore,
Tirupathi, Kadapa and Kurnool in the other regions.
A Vertical Division:
It is needless to underscore that the unity between two regions of the State
can never be a unilateral concept. It can happen only with mutual
confidence, respect, willingness and bilateral consent. It can never be
imposed unilaterally by force on the unwilling party. If it is forced, it will
have far reaching consequences.
An Inescapable Necessity:
The remedy, and the only one, therefore, lies in bifurcation of the
State of Andhra Pradesh and the restoration of status quo ante that
existed before 1st November 1956. The sooner it is done the better!
Yours sincerely,
It should be noted in this context that the State of Andhra Pradesh was
formed not only ignoring the wishes of the people of Telangana but also
against a categorical recommendation of the States reorganization
Commission. Further, it was contrary to the expressed views of the tallest
leader of the time, Jawaharlal Nehru, who ridiculed the demand for
Visalandhra as an idea bearing a ‘taint of expansionist imperialism’.
(Indian Express, 17 October, 1953) . The forced merger of Telangana with
Andhra to form the present state of Andhra Pradesh on 1 st November 1956
was, therefore, an outcome of manipulative politics.
And
ii. When plans for future development are taken into account,
Telangana fears that the claims of this area may not receive
adequate consideration in Vishalandhra. ... Telangana, therefore,
does not wish to lose its present independent rights in relation to the
utilization of the waters of the Krishna and the Godavari.
(SRC Report: Para 377)
Further,
It is also necessary, in this context, to note that the SRC cautioned the
nation against the dangers involved in reorganizing the Indian states solely
on linguistic considerations. One of the rational criteria recommended by
the Commission, while reorganizing the states, was:
…to reject the theory of ‘one language one state’ which is neither
justified on grounds of linguistic homogeneity, because there can be
more than one state speaking the same language without offending
the linguistic principle, nor practicable, since different language
groups, including the vast Hindi speaking population of the Indian
Union, cannot always be consolidated to form distinct linguistic
units”.
(SRC Report: para 163)
These categorical recommendations made by the States Reorganization
Commission (SRC), elaborating the rationale underlying its conclusions,
and a clearly expressed opinion of the tallest leader of the time –
Jawaharlal Nehru – evidently reflected the hopes and aspirations of the
people of Telangana. Consequently, there was a strong wave of jubilation
among the people of the region.
But, the political leadership of Andhra State could not digest it as it was
longing for the formation of Visalandhra; it was almost crestfallen. The
primary concern of Andhra leadership was to bail out the infant Andhra
State from the deep troubles confronting it from the day one of its
separation from the erstwhile composite State of Madras on 01-10-1953.
Their eyes were, therefore, on the resource-rich Telangana without which it
was impossible for the then Andhra State to sustain itself. The panic that
pervaded the Andhra State could be gauged by the reactions and
observations of several top-ranking political leaders of the Andhra State
and the media, besides the opinions expressed by the Pradesh Congress
Committee, the Chamber of Commerce and the deliberations of the
Legislative Assembly of the Andhra State. A few of them (translated from
Telugu) are reproduced hereunder:
- All the resources that rightfully belong to the Telangana region will be
utilized for the benefit of only the people of that region;
- All these assurances are given by all the political parties unanimously
in the assembly.
“Wherever we go, the farmers are asking for irrigation and electricity
facilities. Where can we fetch them from?”
(Statement is Andhra Assembly: 25-02-1954)
Tanguturi Prakasam:
“All our troubles will be resolved if we get Hyderabad. But how will
we get it? We have to think as to how to work for it.”
(Andhra Patrika: 02-06-1953)
Y. Suryanarayana Rao:
“We have already spent one crore rupees on the capital city,
Kurnool. We are still spending. Even after spending so much, has
Kurnool town got a shape suitable for a capital city? Absolutely
not.”
(Andhra Patrika: 29-09-1954)
“We faced many problems in the last two years. There are no
facilities for offices. If we have to wait for five more years as
recommended by Fazal Ali, Andhra State will have to face
innumerable problems.”
(Andhra Patrika: 03-02-1956)
P.V.G.Raju:
“Telangana has registered industrial development. There is scope for
further growth.”
(Andhra Patrika: 28-11-1955)
This was the pathetic plight in which the Andhra leadership found itself
when the States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) categorically
recommended to retain Telangana as a separate state. In all their
utterances and out bursts, there was not even an iota of mention
about common language, common culture or emotional unity of the
Telugu people. All their anxiety was to extricate the then Andhra state
from its miserable conditions. They were more interested in,
- getting a ready-made, well-developed capital city, free of cost;
- having access to the surplus financial resources of Telangana to
meet the chronic deficit of Andhra State; and,
- having control on the abundant natural resources of Telangana,
especially river waters, coal, mineral wealth, forest wealth and vast
areas of cultivable land.
The entire scenario was aptly summed up by the then leading Telugu daily
newspaper, Andhra Patrika, in its Editorial. The paper dispassionately
reflected the fact that the resistance of the people of Telangana had a
strong base of bitter experiences. Some excerpts:
“In Telangana, voices are raised against the formation of Visalandhra.
These voices vibrated throughout the country during Non-Mulki Agitation. The
behaviour of government employees, who went to the Telangana region in the
immediate aftermath of Police Action, is responsible for this resistance of the
people of Telangana. They still complain that those employees behaved like
Mahmood Ghazni. The charge of the people of Telangana is that those employees
have plundered their region, and their behaviour smacked of immorality and
dishonesty. Therefore, the people of Telangana shudder at the very thought of
Visalandhra. The political leaders have not done anything to alleviate the
dissatisfaction, agony and anger of people of Telangana. Instead of soliciting the
participation of the Telangana leadership, for the formation of Visalandhra, the
Andhra leadership is imposing itself on the people of Telangana. The Andhra
leaders have not realized, even now, that it is not possible to lure the people of
Telangana in favour of Visalandhra by making Hyderabad the capital city of the
new state.”
(Andhra Patrika: 04-04-1954)
Promises Broken:
The first step taken in that direction was the All Party Accord of January
1969 arrived at a meeting of the leaders of all the political parties in the
State, convened by the then Chief Minister Brahmananda Reddy. But it
was shelved in less than six months time.
All these exercises ultimately turned out to be futile as they were, at best,
attempts to treat the symptoms rather than the malady. Consequently, the
exploitation of the region and its people continued (and still continues)
unabated under the patronage of political leadership, irrespective of the
region it hailed from and irrespective of the party it belonged to. In this
process the so called concept of Telugu Brotherhood has become
irrelevant, placing the people of Telangana in an extremely unenviable
position.
Deprived of their legitimate share in the fruits of development,
marginalized in the political process and administrative setup,
belittled on the cultural and linguistic fronts they are virtually reduced
to the status of second-rate citizens in their own homeland.
When the UPA Government came to power at the national level after the
general elections held in 2004, the following commitment was made in its
Common Minimum Programme (CMP) regarding the formation of
Telangana State:
It had the approval of all the 13 constituent parties of the UPA Government,
besides the four parties of the Left Front, supporting the Government from
outside.
This item was mentioned by the President of India in his address to the
joint session of Parliament held on 7th June 2004.
Friendly Parties:
Opposition Parties:
All the five former Prime Ministers responded favourably on this score.
While V.P. Singh (now late) and I.K. Gujral wrote in their personal capacity,
H .D. Deve Gouda and Chandra Shekhar (now late) wrote on behalf of the
parties they represented. Atal Bihari Vajpayee was in any case a party to
the BJP’s commitment.
The UPA Government did not honour its commitment made to the people
of Telangana. Consequently, the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) had to
withdraw from the UPA.
During the 2009 general elections the Congress Party did not forge any
alliance with the TRS; but it was categorical in assuring the people of
Telangana that it was committed to the formation of Telangana State and
that it was the only national party capable of fulfilling the promise. Further,
most of the parties in the State, i.e., TDP, BJP, CPI and Prajarajyam also
were very categorical in supporting the proposal for the formation of
Telangana State. The TRS in any way has only one point programme. The
MIM, though silent, was not against the proposal. The CPI (M) maintained
that it would not come in the way if the state was formed. This commitment
made by almost all the political parties in the State made the people of
Telangana to believe that the formation of Telangana State was a certainty,
no matter which party or whichever combination of parties came to power.
As a result, all these parties put together, swept the poll overwhelmingly.
Therefore, the number of seats won by TRS ceased to be the sole criterion
for the formation of the Telangana State. Yet, the governments in the State
as well as the Centre tried to distort the electoral verdict. Under these
circumstances K. Chandrasekhar Rao had to undertake a fast unto death
from 29th November 2009, in the Gandhian and democratic mode of
protest.
This mode of protest evoked a massive response from the nook and corner
of Telangana region. In order to find a solution, the Government of India
asked the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh to obtain the opinion of the
Congress Legislature Party on the one hand and of all the political parties
of the State on the other. The Chief Minister went through this exercise on
7th December 2009. The Congress Legislature Party unanimously resolved
to authorise the Congress High Command in the matter and assured to
abide by any decision taken by it. At the All Party Meeting convened the
same day, all the major political parties promised to support the proposal
for the formation of Telangana State and accused the Congress Party and
the State Government for delaying the process. These parties include TDP,
BJP, PRP, CPI, and naturally TRS. The MIM wanted a couple of days time
to make its stand clear. The one member Loksatta Party was ambivalent.
The CPI (M) reiterated its known stand. The minutes of these meetings
were sent to the Government of India by the Chief Minister. There was also
a prolonged debate in both the houses of Parliament underscoring the
need and desirability of resolving the issue immediately.
But, surprisingly, and also shockingly, the leaders of Congress Party, TDP
and PRP, hailing from the Andhra and Rayalaseema regions went back on
their commitment made in the official meetings to support the formation of
Telangana State. Some of them who are known for their vested interests in
the real estate business and investments in the corporate sector instigated
openly the students and the youth of the Andhra and Rayalaseema regions
to oppose the proposal for the formation of Telangana State. There was a
large scale violence and massive destruction of property in those regions.
The role played by even some of the members of Parliament and the
Legislative Assembly belonging to the Congress Party is well known.
During that period there was total peace and tranquility in the Telangana
region. In that scenario the Union Home Minister made another statement
on 23rd December 2009 that the Government of India would initiate a wide
range of consultations before initiating the process of the formation of
Telangana State. This had naturally created an impression that the issue of
formation of Telangana State was once again put in the cold storage. And
naturally there was another wave of protest and agitation.
Now it is abundantly clear that all the sections of society in the two regions
are vertically divided. Members of Parliament, Members of Legislative
Assembly, Members of Legislative Council, Ministers and Representatives
of Local Bodies of all the parties are divided into two camps. It should be
realised that the continuance of unified State of Andhra Pradesh has
become untenable. It will be possible only if people of both the regions
agree to it willingly. The unity cannot be imposed unilaterally.
Yet, the amalgamation took place because of the manipulative politics; but
it was not unconditional.
One of the conditions of merger of Telangana with Andhra was not to allow
diversion of Telangana’s surplus income for the benefit of the other region.
But this condition, like several others, was observed more in its breach all
through.
The Backdrop:
When the idea of forming the erstwhile Andhra state, segregating the
Andhra area from the then composite state of Madras, was mooted, quite a
few doubts were raised about the viability of that state. Dr. BR Ambedkar
himself observed:
Elaborating further the inadequacies of the proposed Andhra state and the
difficulties it was bound to face, Dr. Ambedkar said:
The sales tax receipts of the Andhra region are very negligible:
As expected and explicitly expressed, the financial troubles for the newly
formed Andhra state started right from the day of its inception! It is
discernible from the statements made by panic-stricken political
functionaries of the state government and the analyses made in the media.
To cite a few examples:
Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, the then Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra state,
expressed his agony about the financial problems of the state on the floor of
the State Assembly as under:
(03-12-1954)
(09-02-1956)
(06-07-1955)
It was at that time the Government of India had set up the States
Reorganisation Commission (SRC) in order to examine the question of
reorganising the Indian states and make recommendations there for. The
SRC, in its report, categorically and unequivocally recommended retention
of Telangana as a separate state. In this context the SRC elaborately listed
out the reasons for making this recommendation. With regard to the
financial soundness of the Telangana region vis-à-vis the chronic financial
deficit and uncertainty of the then Andhra state, the SRC made the
following observation:
Such was the pathetic plight of the erstwhile Andhra state! It was a real
hand to mouth struggle in the areas of finance and development. For
coming out of such a mess, all hopes of Andhra leaders were pinned down
on the formation of Visalandhra (the present Andhra Pradesh). But the SRC
was not in favour of unsettling the financial stability of Telangana for bailing
out the then Andhra state from its chronic financial instability.
A Conditional Merger:
Violation of Conditions:
But the violation of this clause, along with several other clauses of the
Gentlemen’s Agreement, started from the very first day of the formation of
Andhra Pradesh by the very same gentlemen who inked their signatures on
the Agreement. These violations included, among other, the diversion of the
revenue surpluses of Telangana to meet the deficit of Andhra region.
Regarding the quantum of Telangana revenues diverted to the Andhra
area, it was established by the enquiries instituted by the Government of
India and the State Government that between 1.11.1956 (i.e. the day of
formation of the State) and 31.03.1957, spanning a period of just five
months, more than 41% of the Telangana revenue income was diverted to
the Andhra region (See Table II) to meet its insurmountable financial
problems. And this illegal and unethical diversion did not stop with those
five months; it continued unabated. This became one of the principal
reasons for the revolt of people of Telangana in 1968-69 and reiteration of
their demand for separation of Telangana from the forced merger with
Andhra.
Consequently, the governments of the time at the Centre and in the State
were compelled to assess the quantum of Telangana surpluses diverted to
Andhra region for the period from 01.11.1956 to 31.03.1968. The first
exercise on this count was done by K. Lalit, an Officer on Special Duty,
deputed by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (referred to as
Lalit Committee). Subsequently, the Prime Minister of the time, Indira
Gandhi, constituted a high power committee under the chairmanship of
Vashishth Bhargava, a sitting judge of the Supreme Court of India (referred
to as Bhargava Committee) to have a further look into the matter. Both the
committees came to more or less the same conclusions. With some
variations in computing the figures here and there, both the committees
clearly established that the surplus revenues of Telangana were transferred
constantly and continuously to meet the revenue deficit of Andhra area. A
glance at the figures culled out from the reports of these two committees
gives an idea as to the extent of damage done to Telangana region in the
integrated state of Andhra Pradesh. It could be seen in the following two
tables:
Table - I
Revenue Receipts of Andhra and Telangana
from 1-11-1956 to 31-3-1968
(Rs. In Lakhs)
% of % of % of
S.No. Year Andhra Telangana Total
Total Total Total
Source : Report on the Quantum of Telangana Surpluses (Kumar Lalith Report) Govt.
of A.P.,1969
It is clear that the contribution of Telangana to the State’s Revenue receipts was,
on an average, 41.71% of the total receipts during the initial 12-year period of
State’s existence, as against 58.29% of the other region. It should be remembered
that the population of Telangana during that period was around 35% of total
population of the State, while that of Andhra was about 65%. It means that the per
capita tax effort was higher in Telangana than in Andhra.
Table - II
Transfer of Telangana Surplus Revenue Income to Andhra
from 1-11-1956 to 31-3-1968
(Rs. In Lakhs)
% of Revenue
Surplus Transferred
Transferred
Year Receipts Expenditure
to Andhra to Andhra
1956 -57 1,093.88 644.58 449.30 41.07
1957- 58 2,244.79 1,896.67 348.12 15.51
1958- 59 2,667.18 2,242.69 424.49 15.92
1959- 60 3,451.10 2,598.16 852.94 24.72
1960- 61 3,352.36 3,000.34 352.02 10.50
1961- 62 3,810.83 3,381.37 429.46 11.27
1962- 63 4,506.55 3,837.69 668.86 14.84
1963- 64 5,091.79 4,228.95 862.84 16.95
1964- 65 5,375.91 4,764.70 611.21 11.37
1965- 66 6,087.29 5,555.39 531.90 8.74
1966- 67 7,044.00 6,376.45 667.55 9.48
1967- 68 6,720.47 6,526.31 194.16 2.89
Total 51,446.15 45,053.30 6,392.85 12.43
Source : Report on the Quantum of Telangana Surpluses (Kumar Lalith Report) Govt. of
A.P., 1969
It is also clear that the diversion of Telangana revenue income to the Andhra
region went on throughout that period, unabated. During the very first year and
itself, it was a staggering 41.07% of Telengana revenues. During 1956-57 1967-
68 it was, on an average, 12.43% .
Whatever be the figures arrived at, the indisputable fact underscored by Lalit
and Bhargava Committees was the blatant and constant diversion of
Telangana income to the Andhra region violating all the norms laid down, all
the safeguards given and all the agreements arrived at as pre conditions for
the merger of Telangana with Andhra. Thereby the colossal recurring
damage caused to the development of Telangana cannot be easily
assessed. It was aptly summed by the Bhargava Committee in the following
words:
i) By the time the state of Andhra Pradesh was formed, two major
irrigation projects of Andhra area namely, the Godavari barrage at
Dhavaleswaram and the Krishna barrage at Vijayawada were dilapidated
and needed immediate renovation and reconstruction. The then Andhra state
was totally bankrupt and was completely helpless to take up those works.
The merger of Telangana became a boon for the Andhra region. The surplus
revenues of Telangana came handy to the Andhra bosses of the new state.
These two projects which were almost dead were not only reconstructed but
the ayacut was also substantially increased. These two projects put together
now irrigate more than 25 lakh acres in karif and nearly half of it in rabi.
ii) Had those surpluses of Telangana region been spent on the Sriram
Sagar Project, at least half of the Telangana region would have become
prosperous – perhaps more than the now affluent delta region. The
construction of Sriram Sagar Project was deliberately kept in abeyance to
facilitate the diversion of Telangana surplus revenues to the Andhra region. It
is now more than four decades that the work on this project was initiated; but
not even half of it is completed. Out of 20 lakh acres of ayacut proposed to be
brought under this project, not even 5 lakh acres get irrigation facilities, that
too for one crop, even to this day.
Will the powers that be able to assess the recurring and cumulative loss caused to
Telangana on this score?
Who will be able to determine the quantum of compensation and who will pay it to
undo the colossal damage done to the region and its people?
Telangana Surpluses – The Post 1969 Scenario:
The Details:
Table-III
a) Revenue:
Table-IV
(b) Expenditure:
Year-Wise Plan Expenditure (Rupees in Crores)
S.N
Region
o 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07(Jan/07)
1. Andhra 3848 3799 4532 3489
2. Rayalaseema 2150 2411 2684 2881
3. Telangana 5158 5546 711 5987
4. Head Quarters 706 893 976 682
Total 11862 12649 15303 13039
Revenue Income:
Similarly the Finance Minister had not given the region-wise breakup of the
receipts under the Head ‘Others’. These two are evidently aimed at
artificially trimming the revenue income of Telangana. In spite of this
jugglery, he could not hide the fact that even if the income of the
Headquarters is not taken into account, revenue receipts of Telangana
continue to be far higher than the revenue receipts of Andhra and
Rayalaseema regions put together. It could be clearly seen in the following
Tables:
Table – V
Region wise Brake up of Revenue Income
Excluding Hyderabad
If the incomes of the Headquarters and Telangana are taken together, and
rightly so, the contribution of Telangana on one hand, and Andhra and
Rayalaseema put together on the other, the position would be as shown in
Table VI:
Table – VI
Region wise Brake up of Revenue Income
Including Hyderabad
S. Region Year-Wise Revenue (Rupees in Crores)
No
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
(Jan/07)
1. Total of 3526 4361 4706 4677
Andhra & (24.05%) (25.06%) (23.12%) (23.28%)
Rayalaseem
a
2. Total of
Telangana 10660 13036 15643 15412
with Head (75.95%) (74.94%) (76.88%) (76.72%)
Quarters
If the region-wise details of Receipts under the Head ‘Others’ also are
provided, the contribution of Telangana is bound to go still further up.
a) Plan Expenditure:
ii. During the same period, the Plan Expenditure in Telangana is far less
than what the Revenue Income of the region facilitates.
iii. The Plan Expenditure in the Headquarters, for the said period is far,
far below its Revenue Income.
Another important factor which does not figure in the statement of Rosaiah is
the income, running into several thousands of crores of rupees, accruing
through the indiscriminate sale of Telangana lands, especially in and around
the city of Hyderabad. It is the common knowledge that a substantial part of
these receipts was spent, and also is being spent on the development
projects in the other regions.
Table – VIII
Region-Wise Breakup of Sales Tax Collections
S.N Source:
Region Collection Percent of Total
o Directorate
of Economics
and 2000-01 Statistics,
(Rs in Lakhs) Govt. of
AP;
1 Andhra & Rayalaseema 139,843.33 24.38% Statistical
Abstracts
2 Telangana 433,796.29 75.62%
of the Years
concerned
3. AP Total 573,639.62 100%
2003-04
(Rs in Lakhs)
1. Andhra & Rayalaseema 179,211.75 23.48%
2005-06
(Rs in crores)
1. Andhra & Rayalaseema 206,983.75 24.26%
Table – IX
It is clear that the Sales Tax Receipts and Excise Collections together
contribute nearly 80% of the State’s own tax revenues. State’s own taxes
include, besides Sales Tax and Excise Collections, Taxes on Motor
Vehicles, Stamps and Registration. Land Revenue, Professional Tax,
Electricity Duty, NALA etc. This aspect is amplified in the following Table:
Table –X
Share of Sales Tax and Excise Collections in the Total Revenue from
State’s Own Taxes
(Rs. In Crores)
It is evident that the revenues from other taxes of the State Government
constitute only a minor part of the total revenue of the State’s Taxes.
In addition to the State’s own tax and the non-tax revenues, there will be a
flow of resources from the Central Government. These flows include,
among others, devolution of share in the central taxes and grants based on
the recommendations of the Finance Commission, grants and assistance
from the Planning Commission, funds for externally aided and centrally
sponsored schemes.
While determining the state’s share in central taxes and grants-in-aid, the
Finance Commission gives sufficient weightage to the backward regions
within the state. Therefore, Telangana is entitled to a higher share in these
revenues as well.
All these factors clearly establish that around ¾ th of Revenue income from
the State’s own tax revenues and non-tax resources is contributed by the
Telangana region. Regarding the share of Telangana in the flow of
resources from the Central Government, it cannot be in any case less than
50% if the norms laid down by the Finance Commission and Planning
Commission are scrupulously adhered to. The sum and substance of this
entire scenario is that the contribution of Telangana to the State’s exchequer
is more than the contribution of Andhra and Rayalaseema put together.
Expenditure on Telangana:
Does it not mean that out of the total expenditure incurred on major
and medium irrigation projects, Telangana accounts for less than 1/5 th
of it?
b) Social Welfare:
Medicare (Rajiv Aarogyasri) Figures are easily not available: but situation
cannot be different as it also is dependent on the white ration cards.
c) Education:
i) Collegiate Education:
It is well known that the salary component paid to the teaching and
supporting staff of these institutions constitutes more than 90% of the total
expenditure. The region-wise details of staff working in such institutions and
thereby the extent of expenditure incurred on them culled out from the
official statistics for the year 2007-08 are given hereunder:
Table –XI
S.
Region No. of Teachers Actual % Entitlement %
No
Table –XII
There are six (old) universities with regional jurisdictions offering facilities of
general education. The disparities with regard to Per Capita Block Grant
could be seen in the following Table:
Table –XIII
Per Capita Block Grant to the Six Old Universities (2004 to 2009)
Per Capita
S. Block Grant
Region University
No
(In Rupees)
Andhra I. Andhra 35,500
II. Nagarjuna 22,700
1.
III. Sri Venkateswara 37,500
IV. Sri Krishna Devaraya 25,000
30,175
Avarage per capita
2 i. Osmania 17,400
Telangana
ii. Kakatiya 14,000
Average per capita 15,700
Source: Budget Documents for the Years 2004-2009 presented to the AP Assembly
Table –XIV
No. of Seats
S. Total Andhra % of Entitle Telangana % of Entitlement
Courses
No. (AP) Total ment Total %
%
18,00
1 Medicine 0 1200 66.67 59.31 600 33.33 40.69
Engineeri
2 ng 3,760 2,625 69.82 59.31 1,135 30.18 40.69
This has been the scenario, all through, not withstanding constant protests,
agitations going on in the State, demanding the separation of Telangana
from Andhra Pradesh.
d) Crop Insurance:
Table XV
2. Telangana 2,223.14
2.77
2. Telangana 809.72
6.21
Source: G.O. Rt. No. 1845 dated 11-12-2009 of PR & RD Department, Govt. of A.P.
e) Agricultural Loans:
Table XVII
Table XVIII
The cooperative sector of the State also is following the footsteps of the
State Government in denying the Telangana region and its farming
community their rightful share even with regard to repayable loans.
Conclusion:
These are only the samples. The situation is not different in other sectors as
well. The net result is that the Telangana region is contributing more
revenues to the State’s exchequer than the other regions; and, in turn, its
getting far less than what it is entitled to in the realm of expenditure. It has
been going on for more than half a century, causing immeasurable damage
to the economy and people of the region. To epitomize it in one phrase the
region has been “plundered”. It is nevertheless, not an unexpected
development. The SRC itself was prophetic by observing,
i.) Will the powers that be willing to assess the recurring and cumulative
loss caused to Telangana in the integrated state of Andhra Pradesh?
The only answer to these questions and the only remedy to all the
maladies is restoration of status quo ante that existed prior to
1.11.1956, i.e., FORMATION OF TELANGANA STATE.
Education
Development of education affects and, in turn gets affected, by the pace of
economic development. There is a bidirectional linkage. In this process, low
rate of literacy and economic backwardness sustain each other. This is
precisely the problem of Telangana.
The forced coexistence of Telangana with Andhra for more than half a
century has thrown the region into a very unenviable position in the
realm of literacy not only within the regions in the State, but also
across the states in the country .
Table-- I
It is to be further noted that if the capital city with a literacy rate of 78.80 is
not taken into account, the literacy rate of nine districts of Telangana is less
compared to North Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema, said to be the most
backward areas of the State.
With regard to the literacy of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled
Tribes of the region, the position is much worse, as is evident from the
following figures:
Table-- II
2. Telangana
Andhra Pradesh
The main reason for the prevalence of low literary rate in Telangana is the
result of uneven distribution of educational facilities in different regions of
the State. The important factor to be kept in view in this regard is the
percentage of population spread over the regions of the State, i.e., 41.58%
in Coastal Andhra, 17.73% in Rayalaseema and 40.69% in Telangana.
This is necessary to assess the adequacy or otherwise of the facilities of
education created vis-a-vis the size of the population and the levels of
literacy achieved. The removal of regional disparities would be possible
only when the government takes special care in providing the necessary
facilities. But it has not happened in the case of Telangana.
Table-- III
2 Rayalaseema 13.41
3 Telangana 62.90
One of the major factors for the highest dropout rate in Telangana is the
poverty of the parents, which is the consequence of economic
backwardness of the region.
Collegiate Education
The situation prevailing in the sphere of collegiate education (Degree and
Junior Colleges) is also more or less the same as at the primary school
level. It becomes evident from the number of teachers working in these
colleges, managed by the State Government and the private aided colleges
receiving grant-in-aid from the government. It is well known that the salary
component paid to the teaching and supporting staff of these institutions
constitutes more than 90% of the total expenditure incurred by the
government on these institutions. The region wise details of staff working in
such institutions, and thereby the extent of expenditure incurred on them,
culled out from the official statistics for the year 2007-08 are given
hereunder:
Degree Colleges:
Table--IV
These figures make it abundantly clear that only 29.50% of the expenditure
is incurred on the Telangana region against its entitlement of a minimum of
40.69%. Obviously a disproportionately higher allocation is made to the
other regions.
Further, a look at the quantum of grant-in-aid released by the State
Government to the private aided colleges for the year 2008-09 throws
some more light on the discriminatory policies of the State Government. It
could be seen in the following table:
Table-- V
Junior Colleges:
Table--VI
Andhra
Telangana
2.
Government 4668 50.43 40.69
Andhra Pradesh
Universities
There are two categories of universities in the State funded by the State
Government.
Table-- VII
1. Coastal Andhra:
1. NTR University of Health Sciences (Vijayawada)
2. AP Horticultural University (West Godavari)
3. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, JNTU, (Kakinada)
4. AP University of Law (Visakhapatnam)
5. Dravidian University (Kuppam)
6. Sri Padmavathi Women’s University (Tirupathi)
7. SV Institute of Medical Sciences, SVIMS (Tirupathi)
8. SV Vedic University (Tirupathi)
9. SV University of Veterinary Sciences (Tirupathi)
10. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, JNTU, (Ananthapur)
11. Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge and Technology, RGUKT
(Idupulapaya)
2. Telangana:
ii. The Open University was originally launched on the northern banks of
Nagarjuna Sagar in Nalgonda district (Telangana); but was shifted
within two months to Hyderabad, again, on the same pretext. And this
was done by the NTR led TDP government.
vi. State level universities situated in the capital city have a few
noteworthy dimensions:
Table-- VIII
II. Telangana:
1. Osmania Universwity (Hyderabad)
2. Kakatiya University (Warangal)
3. Telangana Univwrsity (Nizamabad)
4. Mahatma Gandhi University (Nalgonda)
5. Satavahana University (Karimnagar)
6. Palamoor University (Mahboobnagar)
Table-- IX
Per Capita Block Grant to the Six Old Universities (2004 to 2009)
(In Rupees)
25,000
I. Osmania 17,400
Telangana II. Kakatiya
14,000
Source: Budget Documents for the Years 2004-2009 presented to the AP Assembly
Further, due to its location in the capital city, the Osmania University has
ceased to be a university meant exclusively for the students of the Telangana
region. Thereby, the students of Telangana are deprived of their rightful share
in their own region. This kind of problem does not arise in the regional
universities situated in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema.
Table X
(In Rupees)
1 Telangana University
Professional Education
Medical Education:
I. Andhra:
150
150
100
150
% of Entitlement 59.31
II. Telangana:
150
100
% of Entitlement 40.69
It is also to be noted that out of 600 seats available in the Telangana colleges,
350 seats are available in the capital city in the two colleges established by the
erstwhile Hyderabad Government. After the formation of Andhra Pradesh, these
seats ceased to be the exclusive prerogative of the natives of Telangana. Such
a problem does not exist in the Andhra and Rayalaseema regions.
Table XII
Government Dental Colleges
i. Andhra:
ii. Telangana:
Table-- XIII
Region No. of
Seats
I. Andhra: 410
1. Andhra University Engineering College (Visakhapatnam)
2. JNTU (Kakinada) 250
3. JNTU College of Engineering (Vijayanagaram)
4. JNTU ( Ananthapur) 300
5. JNTU College of Engineering (Pulivendula)
6. School of Engineering and Technology, Women’s 300
University (Tirupathi)
7. SV University College of Engineering (Tirupathi) 300
8. SKD College of Engineering (Ananthapur)
9. Yogi Vemana University College of 240
Engineering(Poddatur)
10. College of Agricultural Engineering (Ananthapur )
11. College of Food Sciences and Technology (Pulivendula)
12. Dairy Technology Programme (Tirupathi) 260
180
300
45
20
20
Total 2625
Entitlement % 59.31
II. Telangana:
1. JNTU ( Hyderabad)
2. Osmania University College of Engineering (Hyderabad) 290
3. Osmania University College of Technology (Hyderabad)
4. Kakatiya University College of Engineering (Kothagudem) 320
5. JNTU College of Engineering (Karimnagar)
6. Dairy Technology Programme ( Kamaraddy) 100
105
300
20
Total 1135
Entitlement % 40.69
Can anyone assess and compensate the loss caused all these years
to the youth of Telangana in the field of education, especially higher
and professional education?
A well developed rail, road and air transport system, including the
Secunderabad Railway Station, Nampally, Railway Station, Kachiguda
Railway Station, Begumpet Airport, Road Transport Corporation, well
maintained cement and black top roads.
This situation also gets reflected in the agony given vent by several
prominent political leaders of the Andhra state and also in the
comments in the media. For instance:
Kadapa Koti Reddy, an influential leader of the Rayalaseema region,
opined that,
In the Andhra State there is no proper place to locate even district
level offices; where is the question of finding place for locating
offices for the capital city of the state? (Andhra Patrika: 13-03-1953)
- Bezawada: There are more people than the available open place.
Such was the pathetic plight of Andhra which the present political
leadership of that area pretends to forget!
Distortion of Facts:
While these are the facts of history on record, an impression is sought
to be created by a section of Andhra leadership that the development
of the city of Hyderabad took place only after it became the capital city
of Andhra Pradesh.
The fact is that the plight of erstwhile Andhra state in locating its capital
city was mitigated only because of the formation of Andhra Pradesh
and giving this fabulous city to it, literally on a silver platter, absolutely
free of cost.
The development that has taken place in and around the capital city
after the formation of Andhra Pradesh is natural and is comparable to
the development that has taken place in other major cities of the
country. It is to be realized that at the time of formation of Andhra
Pradesh, Hyderabad was the fifth largest city in the country and even
now, it continues to be in the same position. On the other hand, the
growth of Visakhapatnam has been far higher and faster than the
growth of Hyderabad. Quite often, the per capita income of
Visakhapatnam surpasses the per capita income of Hyderabad.
False Claims:
A section of Andhra leadership and big business argue that the city of
Hyderabad has been developed by investing here most of the revenue
income of the Andhra area. It is therefore to be established as to who
has invested here and which money it is. In this regard expenditure
incurred by the State Government in the government sector and the
investments made by the private sector have to be looked into
separately.
Now the main argument centers round the business men. They include
real estate brokers, big business mafia and the sharks of corporate
houses. Is it the interest of these sections that the capital city of a
state is meant for?
It may not be out of place to recall that a similar claim was put forth by
the Gujaratees on the Bombay city when the erstwhile Bilingual
Bombay State was bifurcated into the present Maharashtra and
Gujarat States. No less a person than Dr. Ambedkar ridiculed the idea
by saying that the investors have, no doubt, a right to set up their
business in any part of the country; but by doing so, they cannot
become owners of that place. He described them as “mortgagees”.
This logic naturally applies to any business house, anywhere in the
country, including Hyderabad.
Dr. Ambedkar further asked that if the Bombay city was made a
separate state or union territory, where from would it get water and
power supply? Will not this logic be applicable to Hyderabad city as
well?
Cultural Onslaught:
These are the facts of history, geography and polity clubbed with
the emotions and sentiments of the people of Telangana!
People of this region, therefore, will never tolerate even the very
idea of separating Hyderabad from the rest of Telangana. It will
turn out to be an eternal source of friction and unrest with
unpredictable consequences.
Judiciary
It might sound incredible; but it is a stark reality, that is, with the
formation of Andhra Pradesh the Telangana Segment of judiciary too
had become a victim of injustice and discrimination. And it continues
to be so, even to this day, in some form or the other.
Persons From
TOTAL Persons from
Positions ANDHRA &
Number TELANGANA
RAYALASEMA
No one from
Telangana has
been appointed
since the
Advocate General 1 1
formation of AP
State
No one from
Telangana has
been appointed
since the
formation of AP
1 State 1
Public Prosecutor
Registrar general 1 - 1
Government Pleaders 36 8 28
Registrars 6 - 6
Joint Registrars 2 1 1
Deputy Registrars 5 3 2
Assistant Registrars 32 5 27
Computer Operator 18 - 18
Right from the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh to this day,
no one from the Telangana region has been appointed as the
Advocate General of High Court of Andhra Pradesh.
This issue was represented to all the successive chief ministers of the
state, but no one cared to give any serious thought to it. On the contrary,
one of the former chief ministers, Y. S. Rajashekara Reddy, went to
the extent of commenting that only those who enjoy the confidence of
the government will be appointed to the position of Advocate General
of the state. Can there be a bigger insult to the practitioners of law of
Telangana?
Language has much deeper role in terms of creating a unique cultural identity. While
describing the affects of colonization on language, literature, history and culture in
Africa, Ngugi wa Thiong'o observed that “blindness to the indigenous voice of Africans
is a direct result of colonization. By removing their native language from their education
they are separated from their history which is replaced by European history in European
languages. This put the lives of Africans more firmly in the control of the colonists”.
Ngugi argued that “colonization was not simply a process of physical force. Rather, the
bullet was the means of physical subjugation while the language was the means of the
spiritual subjugation. Ngugi observed that “language and culture are inseparable, and
therefore the loss of the former results in the loss of the latter”. He further pointed out
that “Language as communication and as culture are then products of each other.
Language carries culture, and culture carries, particularly through orature and literature,
the entire body of values by which we perceive ourselves and our place in the world.
Language is thus inseparable from us as a community of human beings with a specific
form and character, a specific history, a specific relationship to the world”
j) Mallinatha Suri is the only Telugu poet who wrote comments on all
the five maha kavyas of Sanskrit including Sanjivini Vyakhaya on
Kalidasa’s Raghuvamsam. He is otherwise known as `Vyakhyana
Chakravarthi.’ He was born during the year 1150 B.C. in Kolichelama
village, just 15 km from Medak town, now known as Kolcharam. After
so much of persuasion, Government took over his dilapidated
building more than two decades ago to construct a memorial and set-
up a bronze statue. But so far no progress has been made and it is a
clear reflection of the extent of respect that the Andhra rulers
demonstrate towards Telangana poets.
a) Over the years, there has been a serious attack on Telangana self
respect by the people of Andhra. Telangana people are ridiculed that
there is no specific culture of Telangana; that Telangana language is
not suitable for any literary purposes and even made a mockery of
festivals, dress and the living patterns.
b) Even before the formation of unified state, Telangana and its culture
was belittled by the people of Andhra and Telangana was called as
NIZAMANDHRA. During the year 1934, one of the Andhra poets,
wrote an article with utter contempt on Telangana titled as
“NIZAMANDHRA LO TELUGU KAVULU POOJYAM” (It means There
are no Telugu poets in Telangana). As a strong response to it, one of
the famous poets of Telangana, Suravaram Prathap Reddy, compiled
and published the writings of 350 poets. But unfortunately, his
writings were not adequately projected,
c) Bathukamma Panduga (Bathukamma Festival) is the largest and
legendary festival of Telangana. It was started centuries ago and still
celebrated as grand cultural event in this place. The legend of
Batukamma Panduga is mentioned in one of the historical texts
scripted in Telugu. But such a large festival is neither recognized by
the government nor does the government even extend the official
greetings to the people of Telangana on the day of Bathukamama
Panduga. Unfortunately, government media (Doordarshan and All
India Radio) does not give any importance to cover this legendary
festival. Further, reflecting the sheer discrimination, Bathukamma
Panduga is not even exhibited in national youth festivals and other
programs held by government.
1.5 Conclusion:
FAQs
Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
The demand of the people of Telangana for a separate state is not a new
development. It was voiced much before the formation of Andhra Pradesh
and continues to be raised even thereafter. The reason for the resistance of
people of Telangana to join Visalandhra was fear of neglect, injustice and
exploitation in the enlarged state; and, the reason for their reluctance to
continue in the present State is the actual experience of becoming victims
of neglect, injustice exploitation.
If it were to be so, how could the demand sustain itself for nearly five
decades? Opportunistic elements do infiltrate in to any movement of the
people; but such aberrations cannot undermine, every time, the genuine
aspirations of the people. When formulations ranging from the extreme left
to the extreme right of the political spectrum support the demand for a
separate state, in some form or the other, does it not reflect popular urge of
the people? Can it be brushed aside for ever? What about the voice being
constantly raised by the intelligentsia, practitioners of learned professions,
students and youth who do not have any vested interests in practical
politics? Is it of no consequence? Can it be ignored just like that?
This can happen to any leader from Telangana in that position. Because,
their survival depends upon the support of the area which has a numerical
majority in the political setup and has greater money power to influence the
political process and administrative machinery. The problem, therefore, lies
essentially in the nature of political equations between the developed and
backward regions, and not necessarily in the persons holding positions of
power. The fact is that no political party allows the Telangana leadership to
grow; and by any chance it grows, it will not be allowed to survive. The
States Reorganization Commission eloquently commented upon this
aspect.
More than half of the states in the country are smaller than Telangana.
They are: Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Arunachal
Pradesh, Sikkim, Mizoram, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh,
Haryana, Punjab, Goa, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttaranchal. Further,
West Bengal and Kerala also are smaller than Telangana in geographical
area. Then why all doubts about and objections to conferring statehood on
Telangana, which would be the largest of the smaller states in the country?
Next to Hindi, largest number of people in India speaks Telugu. If there can
be nine Hindi speaking states with the possibility of some more coming up,
what is wrong in having more than one state for Telugus? It may be
recalled that the SRC recommended the creation of separate Telangana
state in addition to the already existing Andhra state. The SRC, in fact,
never wanted language to be the sole criterion for reorganizing Indian
states. The most intriguing part of the whole argument of the so-called
linguistic unity is that the Telangana dialect is ridiculed with impunity
especially by the cine field and mass media. Who controls them is an open
secret. Can such things go on without the connivance of ruling classes?
Otherwise what hell the agencies expected to censor films and TV serials
are doing? In such humiliating conditions what is the significance of
linguistic and cultural unity? Has it not become totally meaningless?
This question has become some sort of a political slogan of the ruling
classes. Therefore, it needs to be examined dispassionately. While doing
so one need not agree with the philosophy of Naxalites and certainly need
not endorse their acts of violence. The issue on hand is different. If the
argument of the government is based on facts, it should be substantiated
with empirical evidence. How does one explain the following facts?
VOLUME – II
(IRRIGATION)
ANNEXURES
LIST OF ANNEXURES
Sl. Annexure
Particulars:
No: No:
Bachawat Tribunal’s Opinion on Irrigation facilities in the
1. I
Hyderabad State
Bachawat Tribunal’s Opinion on the argument of Council of
2. Andhra Pradesh with regard to Tungabhadra Left Canal II
extension Project
Bachawat Tribunal’s observations in respect of Jurala
3. III
Project
4. Agreement of June, 1944 between Madras and Hyderabad IV
5. Allocation of Water by the Tribunal to KC Canal and RDS V
6. Utilization of Waters by RDS VI
7. Government on closure of construction Sluices VIA
8. Region wise allocation of Krishna Waters VII
Principles laid down by International Institute of Law on
9. VIIA
Water allocations
G.O. No. 77, dated 15-04-1999 regarding supply of Jurala
10. VIII
water to RDS tail end Ayacut
Supreme Court’s observations on the Petition of Atmalinga
11. IX
Reddy
Govt.’s Order extending the Left Bank Canal of NS Project
12. X
to serve Tiruvur and Nuzvid areas
Recommendations of the Members of the Committee on
13. XI
Estimates on ayacut of Left Bank Canal of NS Project
Recommendations of the Members of the Committee on
14. Estimates on Dropping the Left Canal into Paleru XII
Reservoir
Govt.’s orders dated 01-12-1969 on restoring the ayacut of
15. XIII
Left Canal of NS Project and other orders
Recommendations of the Members of the Committee on
16. XIV
Estimates on restricting the area under lift irrigation
Bachawat Tribunal’s Directions in respect of according
17. XV
equal priority to all Projects
Bachawat Tribunal’s Directions on Srisailam Project with
18. XVI
respect to keeping it as a Hydro Electric Project
Maharashtra Govt.’s argument on allowing water for
19. XVII
evaporation loss in Srisailam Reservoir
20. List of Irrigation Projects dependent on Srisailam flows XVIII
List of balancing Reservoirs storing surplus flows on
21. XIX
Telugu Ganga Project
National Water Policy & HelSinki Rules with regard to
22. XX
transfer of water outside the Basin
Bachawat Tribunal’s observations with respect to MDDL of
23. XXA
Srisailam
G.O. No. 69, dated 15-06-1996 keeping MDDL of Srisailam
24. XXI
at 834 ft.
Suggestions of Bachawat Tribunal in improving the
25. XXII
efficiency in Power productions of Srisailam Reservoir
G.O. No. 107, dated 28-09-2004 increasing the MDDL of
26. XXIII
Srisailam Reservoir to 854 ft.
G.O.s 170, 233 & 3 regarding diverting flows from
27. XXIIIA
Srisailam Reservoir through Pothireddipadu HR
Paper cuttings on Dummugudem-tail pond link Canal
28. XXIV
proposal
Bachawat Tribunal’s observations on allocating waters to
29. XXIVA
IInd Crop of Krishna Delta
Irrigation potential achieved under Right & Left Canals of
30. XXV
NS Project
Details of particulars of Right Bank & Left Bank Canals of
31. XXVI
NS Project
Discrimination between Left Bank & Right Bank Canal
32. farmers with regard to operational Charges of lifting XXVIA
schemes
Comparison of Budget provisions between Telugu Ganga
33. XXVIB
& SLBC
Admission on slow progress on SLBC in the Annual
34. XXVII
Budget 1996-97
Inability of Government to provide funds to Pochampad as
35. XXVIIA
indicated in the Budget Speech
36. Comparison of figures of Pochampad & Nagarjunasagar: XXVIIB
Minutes of the meeing of Sr. Engineers regarding the
37. XXVIII
Irrigation Potential created under SRSP Project:
38. Comments of CAG on SRSP Stage-I XXVIIIA
39. Publicity of Govt. on Pranahitha-Chevella link Project: XXVIIIB
G.O. No. 557, dated 27-06-2005, curtailing the ayacut of
40. XXVIIIC
Pranahitha-Chevella Project
41. Paper cutting on Chief Ministers displeasure XXVIIID
42. G.O.s on Pranahitha-Chevella Project XXIX
G.O.s on Dummugudem-NS tail pond & Pranahitha-
43. XXX
Chevella issued on 16-05-2007
Paper cutting on opposition’s ire on Dummugudem-NS
44. XXXA
Project
45. G.O. issued on Singur Project at the instance of KCR XXXI
Findings of the 9th Report of the Committee of Petitions in
46. XXXII
respect of yield of Nizamsagar Project
Views of Sri KV Srinivas Rao’s Committee on diversion of
47. XXXIII
Manjeera Water
48. G.O.No. 131, dated 25-07-2005 on Singur Project XXXIV
49. G.O.No. 272, dated 07-10-1993 on Singur Project XXXIVA
50. G.O.No. 190, dated 12-04-1980 on Singur Project XXXIVB
51. G.O.No. 93, dated 24-02-1990 on Singur Project XXXIVC
52. G.O.No. 10, dated 02-01-2009 on Singur Project XXXIVD
53. G.O.No. 1000, dated 22-12-2009 on Singur Project XXXIVE
Ministry of Water Resources’ views on clearing the
54. XXXV
Inchampally & Polavaram Projects
55. Sources of Irrigation across the three regions of AP XXXVI
56. G.O. No.34, dated 09-02-2007 on Micro Irrigation XXXVII
Excerpts from the Budget speech (1987-88) regarding
57. XXXVIII
dropping of Krishna Waters into KC Canal
Translated version of advertisement issued by Govt. of AP
58. XXXVIIIA
on Jalayagnam
Comments of Andhra Pradesh Regional Committee on
59. XXXIX
Irrigation facilities in Telangana
Statement of Dr. Marri Chenna Reddy on Canal Irrigation
60. XXXX
in Telangana
U.O. Note of planning & local administration department
61. XXXXI
regarding the gap irrigation between Andhra & Telangana
Comment of Sub-Committee on Planning of AP Regional
62. Committee regarding difference in expenditure of both the XXXXII
regions
Comments of Indian Irrigation commission 1901-03 on
63. XXXXIII
utility of Irrigation in Telangana
List of Irrigation Projects, to which be visits by Hon’ble Members
of Sri Krishna Committee are requested.
KRISHNA BASIN
4. R.D.S. Anicut Mahabubnagar 09
One of the major grievances of the people of Telangana has, all along
been, and continues to be, the raw deal meted out to the region regarding
the allocation and utilization of river waters. It is, however, not an
unexpected development. It has happened as was feared at the time of
merging Telangana with Andhra. The States Reorganization Commission
also noted this fact by observing,
Inspite of all such warning signals from the SRC and the resistance of the
people, the Telangana region was forcibly merged with the Andhra State,
with an assurance of justice and fair play. But, as feared, Telangana
became a victim of broken promises. On the irrigation front, several major
and medium irrigation projects planned by the then Government of
Hyderabad were either abandoned or mutilated or kept in unending
abeyance. And the consequence is the present scenario. It was aptly
summarized by the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT), popularly
known as Bachawat Tribunal, constituted by the Government of India in
early 1970s for allocation of Krishna Waters between the riparian states of
Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The Tribunal observed:
(KWDT Report:Page178)
What more evidence is needed for the damage done to the Telangana
region in the field of irrigation because of its merger with Andhra?
1) Projects Abandoned:
Bheema Project;
Upper Krishna (RBC Extension);
Inchampally Project;
Devanur Project.
Flood Flow
Canal: Survey was done in 1980s. Cleared in 1996.
Construction started in 2004. Progress of work very
slow; yet to be completed;
4) Regional Bias:
Sriramsagar Project (SRSP) on Godavari and Jurala Project on
Krishna are the only two major projects that are meant exclusively for
Telangana. They were started decades ago, but are yet to be completed,
because of the niggardly attitude of the State Government regarding the
funding of these projects.
On the contrary the SLBC tunnel on the left bank of Srisailam Project
(Telangana area) is yet to come out of its very preliminary stage.
Whereas the work on Projects in the Andhra area which do not have
proper clearances from the Government of India and the CWC is
progressing with enormous speed. Projects like Polavaram and
Pothireddipadu Head Regulator come under this category.
Telangana is encircled by two major rivers of south India i.e., Krishna and
Godavari. Within the state of Andhra Pradesh, 68.5% of catchment area of
river Krishna and 69% of catchment area of river Godavari are in the
Telangana region. In addition, most of the tributaries of these rivers
traverse its length and breadth. If waters of these rivers flowing through the
region are utilized, almost every acre of cultivable land available in
Telangana could be provided with assured irrigation facilities and every
village could be provided with assured drinking water facilities. But
Telangana has been denied of its rightful share in the river waters by the
successive governments for over more than half a century, irrespective of
the political parties and leaders in power.
River Krishna
While determining the share of waters of river Krishna among the three
riparian states, i.e. Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, the
Bachawat Tribunal allocated 811 TMC of water to Andhra Pradesh, besides
the freedom to use surplus water. The allocation of water among different
regions of the State has, however, been on the basis of Projects
considered by the Tribunal. If catchment area is taken as the principal
criterion for allocation of waters between different regions of the state, as is
normally done between different states of the country, Telangana should
get 68.5% of the 811 TMC. If cultivable areas in the river basin, rainfall,
subsoil levels of water, backwardness of the region etc. also are taken into
account, Telangana region would be entitled to not less than 70% of the
total quantum of water allocated to the state. But the allocation made for
the projects in the Telangana region was only around 35%. If the actual
utilization of water is taken into account, it is only about 10 to 11%. As a
result, out of 811 TMC of assured water, besides another 100 to 150 TMC
of surplus water of the River Krishna utilized in the state of Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana accounts hardly for 70 to 100 TMC on an average.
Consequently, out of nearly 35 lakh acres being irrigated under the projects
built on river Krishna, hardly 5 lakh acres are benefited in the Telangana
region and the rest in the other regions.
River Godavari
Regional Disparities
While this is the scenario with regard to canal irrigation, the situation
regarding the other two sources of irrigation i.e. tanks, as also wells, is
equally bad.
Tank Irrigation
At the time of formation of Andhra Pradesh the area irrigated under a vast
net work of tanks in the Telangana region was more than 12 lakh acres.
This net work of tanks was developed over a period of four to five
centuries. After the formation Andhra Pradesh, the state Government
claims to have spent, during the last 54 years, several thousands of crores
of rupees for the maintenance and development of minor irrigation facilities.
Therefore, the area under Tank Irrigation should have substantially
increased. But it is going down steeply year after year and now stands at
hardly at 5 lakh acres.
It has happened so, because the silt accumulated in the tanks is not
removed, breached tanks are not repaired and some of the tanks that were
operational have been deliberately damaged to promote urbanization in
and around the major towns and cities especially the capital city of
Hyderabad. In this process small and marginal farmers became helpless,
abandoned cultivation and sold their lands in distress, at a throw away
price, to the rich migrants from Coastal Andhra. These lands became a
goldmine for the migrant settlers to do the real estate business.
Development of areas in the name of Film City, Hi-Tech City, East City and
so on has thrown the local people not only out of their vocations, but also
out of their homes.
Well Irrigation
In this situation the farmers of Telangana are left with only one alternative
i.e., well irrigation. But the well irrigation has many disadvantages as
compared to canal irrigation. Canal irrigation is ensured by the government
by spending on construction of dams, digging of canals and supplying
water to the fields every season. The entire cost is borne by the
government i.e. spending tax-payers money. In return the farmer pays
about 200 to 250 rupees per acre per annum as water charges. It is
extremely negligible when compared to the huge amounts spent by the
government. This is necessary to support agriculture sector in any region or
in any state for that matter. Therefore, no one will grudge this. But the
same facility is not extended to a majority of farmers in Telangana who
depend mostly on well irrigation. The farmer will have to pay from his
pocket for sinking well and for buying pump-set etc. In addition, he is
required to pay power tariff which he is, however, exempted from for the
time being. But there is no guarantee of is continuance in future. He has to
also incur huge expenses on getting the water pumps repaired as they get
frequently damaged because of erratic fluctuations in voltage. As a result, a
farmer in the Telangana region depending on well irrigation is compelled to
spend huge amounts on recurring expenses in addition to capital
investment on sinking well and installing pump-set. It is, thereby, a self
financed scheme of development, whereas, most of the farmers in Coastal
Andhra get water at a heavily subsidised rate of 200 to 250 rupees per acre
per annum besides not spending anything on the infrastructure. It is
evidently a public funded development.
How can and how long this unjust disparity can be tolerated?
The policies being pursued by the present government of the State are
adding fuel to the fire. The so called Jala Yagnam is only a mask to cover
the evil designs, causing further damage to Telangana. The controversial
Pothireddipadu Project is aimed at illegally diverting Krishna waters to the
non-basin area in the Rayalaseema region, without meeting the legitimate
requirements of the Krishna basin area in Telangana. Similarly, the
unauthorized construction of Polavaram Project is essentially aimed at
siphoning of Godavari waters to Coastal Andhra. It is further planned to
stretch the benefit to outside Godavari basin in that region, thereby,
depriving the Telangana region of its rightful share in the Godavari waters
as well.
The propaganda indulged in, day in and day out, by the State Government
regarding the number of acres proposed to be given irrigation facilities in
Telangana, under the so called Jala Yagnam is a travesty of truth. It has
issued an order according to which bulk of the area in the Telangana region
would be covered by the sprinkler and drip irrigation system. The
government maintains that under this system one TMC of water would be
enough to irrigate between 15 to 20 thousand acres of land in Telangana.
But, the same government maintains that in the other regions, especially
the Coastal Andhra, one TMC of water can irrigate only 3700 acres. The
State Government expects the world to believe this untenable and fantastic
proposition. All these gimmicks are being resorted to side track the basic
issue of determining fair share of Telangana in the allocation river waters.
In 1947, the Hyderabad Government proposed the extension of the left bank low
level canal in order to irrigate 1, 20,000 acres in Gadwal and Alampur taluqs in
Telangana with an annual utilization of 19.2 TMCs. Unfortunately, this request
made by Government of Andhra Pradesh to include the project for allocation was
not conceded by the Tribunal on the ground that the Project was not accepted by
the Govt. of India for inclusion in the second five year plan before 1 st Nov. 1956.
The Government of Andhra Pradesh should have put forth their arguments more
forcefully before the Tribunal and seen to it that the claim was made acceptable.
There is a mention in the report of the Tribunal itself that “the council of Andhra
Pradesh claimed relief under section 108 (2) of the state Reorganization act, 1956 only and did
not argue that Andhra Pradesh was entitled to the relief under section 107 & 108 (1) of the act or
under any other provision of law”. (Annexure-II)
Thus, 174.30 TMC of Krishna Waters through the three Projects cited above
were deprived to the Telangana Region of Andhra Pradesh, because of casual
approach adopted and the non serious arguments put forward by the council of
the Andhra Pradesh before the Hon’ble Bachawat Tribunal. Had these 174 TMC
of precious waters been made available to the region in gravity manner, the
Mahabubnagar district would have flourished as one of the richest districts of the
State, producing surplus food to cater to needs of the other parts of the country.
Today, because of denial of rightful share of their waters the district has turned
as a perennial famine and drought stricken area. Around 14 lakh people migrate
to other parts of the country in search of employment annually.
4. JURALA PROJECT:
The Bachawat Tribunal has made the following observations in respect of Jurala
Project.
“The Sate of Andhra Pradesh, no doubt, has been allotted enough water for historical reasons,
but still Telangana part of the state Andhra Pradesh stands in need of irrigation. The area which
we are considering for irrigation formed part of Hyderabad state and had there been no division
of that state there were better chances for the residents of this area to get irrigation facilities in
Mahabubnagar district. We are of the opinion that this area should not be deprived of the
benefit of the irrigation on account of the reorganization of states. If properly managed, Jurala
Project stage-I can operate by utilizing about 18 TMC. We, therefore, think it proper that 17.84
TMC of water at 75% dependability should be allocated for stage-I of the Project.
If it turns out that the Jurala irrigation Project is not a practical proposition, it is expected that
17.84 TMC would be utilized by the State Andhra Pradesh elsewhere in Telangana Region. We
cannot conceive that the State of Andhra Pradesh having put forward the claim for allocation of
water for Telangana region and having received an allocation for use in that region would use it
elsewhere outside that region” (Annexure-III)
Thus, it can be seen that the allocation of 17.84 TMC to the Jurala Project has
been purely a benevolent act on the part of the Hon’ble Tribunal as a part
compensation in lieu of the huge loss sustained by the Telangana to the extent
of 174 TMC due to the inefficient and callous attitude of the Government of
Andhra Pradesh in not protecting the legitimate rights of the Telangana region
accrued to them under the State Reorganization Act.
Thus, it is evident that the allocation to the KC Canal and RDS Canal should
have been equal. However, for the reasons best known to the Government of
Andhra Pradesh they have not strongly put forward the claim that both these
Projects should be treated on equal footing, with the result the Tribunal allocated
39.9 TMC to KC Canal and 17.1 TMC to RDS Canal. Out of the 17.1 TMC the
Karnataka’s share is 1.2 TMC and the rest (15.9 TMC) is the entitlement of the
AP. (Mahabubnagar District of Telangana). (Annexure-V)
In reality, the Mahabubnagar district never realized more than 6-7 TMC against
their share of 15.9 TMC. A perusal of the record of the utilizations of the Project
reveals the facts (Annexure-VI). The Government on several occasions admitted
openly that the main reason for shortfall in supply to RDS Ayacut is that there are
a few construction sluices (Openings) that remained unplugged in the RDS
anicut built across the Tungabhadra River. (Annexure-VIA) The waters that were
due to the RDS Canal pass through these unplugged holes of anicut
downstream to the Sunkesula anicut to serve the farmers of the KC Canal. The
KC Canal farmers are reaping the benefits of these additional waters that
legitimately belong to the RDS farmers and made available to them due to the
inefficiency and inability of the Government of Andhra Pradesh in not plugging
the illegal construction sluices. Some efforts, which were made in the past to
plug these holes in the anicut were made futile by the brutal force used by the
KC Canal farmers. The net result is that while the KC Canal farmers are enjoying
the waters of Tungabhadra much more than their legal share, the poor farmers of
the Mahabubnagar district stand to loose. This is a classic example to show the
partial attitude of the Government of Andhra Pradesh and the discriminatory
approach adopted by them towards the Telangana region. A visit to RDS anicut
and Sunkesula Barrage by the Committee would reveal the facts.
The Hon’ble Bachawat Tribunal has apportioned the Krishna Waters among the
three States namely Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The
apportionment was based on the principle of ‘priority of appropriation’ and as well
as the reasonable requirement of the Projects of each State. Based on these
principles the distribution was 800 TMCto Andhra Pradesh, 700 TMC to
Karnataka and 560 TMC to Maharashtra.
The region wise share in the allocated quantity with reference to the project wise
allocation and catchments area of Krishna basin lying in the three regions of
Andhra Pradesh are as under:
Had Telangana been a separate State, the claim of Telangana would have been
not less than 548 TMC. What has been allocated by the Tribunal (277.86 TMC)
is just half of the rightful share that it is entitled to. It is painfully noted that
Telangana region is deprived of even this meager quantity that has been
allocated to it through discriminatory, unlawful and unethical acts of the State
Government as revealed in the subsequent paras.
1. JURALA PROJECT:
In order to utilize 17.84 TMC allocated to the project by the Tribunal, the dam
has been constructed to store 11.94 TMC. Unfortunately, the reservoir has never
been filled up; up to FRL. The only reason for not filling up the reservoir up to
FRL (Full Reservoir Level) is the nonpayment of sum amounting to Rs. 44 crores
to the State of Karnataka to evacuate people from submerged area. The callous
attitude of the Government in not paying the dues to Karnataka has made a
mockery of the reservoir remaining getting practically half empty. (only, during
the recent times the Jurala Reservoir is reported to have been filled up) Though,
the Project has commenced way back in 1980, still it remains incomplete. The
water could not be utilized fully an account of non-completion of the distributary
system. The pathetic part is that the Jurala waters are being utilized in the ayacut
of RDS so as to benefit 30, 000 acres of tail end ayacut, which has been denied
the supply of Tungabhadra waters, for the reasons that have already been
explained in earlier paras, vide G.O. No.77, dated 15-04-1999 (copy enclosed at
Annexure-VIII) Further the Jurala waters are also transferred to Kurnool area of
Rayalaseema occasionally, which is nothing but violation of the stipulation of the
Tribunal’s directions.
2. RDS:
3. NAGARJUNA SAGAR:
The Nagarjuna Sagar Project (Nandikonda Project) earlier was taken up for
execution on the basis of joint report 1954 of the erstwhile Andhra and
Hyderabad States. As per this report, a total of 20.99 lakh acres was to be
irrigated. The Left Bank Canal which serves Telangana and Andhra was to cater
to 7.95 lakh acres of Telangana and 2.05 lakh acres of Andhra area. The water
that was be utilized in Telangana was to be 161 TMC and 25 TMC for Andhra
region. However, the Planning Commission, which sanctioned the Project in the
year 1956, had curtailed the ayacut of Telangana to 6.6 lakh acres for which
utilization was fixed as 111 TMC. Similarly, the ayacut for the Andhra was fixed
as 1.3 lakh areas and the utilization sanctioned was 21 TMC. The Government
Andhra Pradesh has made several manipulations during course of execution of
the Project and finally brought down the ayacut of Telangana to 5.32 lakh acres
through gravity for which 90.2 TMC would be utilized and 0.70 lakh acres
through lifts by utilizing 9.8 TMC. Thus, a total of 100 TMC is shown to be
allocated to Telangana by ruthlessly curtailing the legitimate share of Telangana
by 11 TMC (and same was added to the Andhra’s share and with the result the
utilization for Andhra has been increased to 32.25 TMC and ayacut also was
increased to 3.8 lakh acres). Thus, a clear gap of 58,000 acres ayacut in the
share of Telangana has resulted. In order to make up the gap ayacut the State
Government directed that at a later date this could be brought under irrigation,
however, no extra water was allocated for this and this was to be managed by
internal saving. The intention of the Government was to bring more areas in
Nuziveedu and Tiruvur of Krishna district of Andhra under the cultivation at the
cost of Telangana. (Relevant extract at Annexure-X).
The above shows how the State Government is inclined to promote the interests
of the Andhra area at cost of causing sufferings and loss to the poor farmers of
Telangana. When the matter was raised by Hon’ble Members of the Committee
on Estimates of the Fifth Legislative Assembly the reply of the Government was
totally unconvincing as could be seen from the relevant extracts of Annexure-XI.
Another mischief played by the Government of Andhra Pradesh was to drop the
left bank canal in to the Palair Reservoir and taking the off-take point at a much
lower level than the FRL of the Palair Reservoir. The Hon’ble Members of
Committee on Estimates have observed that “by letting the main canal into
Palair River the level seems to be reduced by five feet and also the off-take
is again reduced by eight feet which also results in considerable reduction
in the ayacut beyond” The reply of the Government is so astonishing that the
Government instead of rectifying its wrong deeds have tried to get shield by
making a statement that “any change at this juncture would create
complications lower down where major works are in progress and they
would get effected”. (Relevant extracts at Annexure-XII) It is also surprising that the
Hon’ble Committee on Estimates have accepted the Government’s reply. Instead
of pulling the Government to rectify the damage and fixing the responsibility for
such an intentional, negligent and callous act of the concerned, chose to remain
silent.
The Andhra Engineers working on Left Bank Canal investigation brought out a
strange argument that sufficient ayacut in Telangana was not available and the
Government have accepted their plea. Hence, Andhra ayacut has been
increased.
During Telangana Agitation in the year 1969, the Government reversed its stand
and ordered that the original ayacut in Andhra and Telangana be restored. As
the agitation calmed down, the Government again took a ‘U’ turn and reduced
the Telangana ayacut. Even if there is no ayacut available under gravity
irrigation, same could have been transferred to lift irrigation and the total ayacut
could be kept as per the original plan. Where was the need to reduce the
allocation of Telangana and transfer the same to Andhra? This is a clear case of
discrimination shown against Telangana.
(Relevant Government Orders enclosed vide Annexure-XIII)
When the Hon’ble Members of the Estimate Committee desired that one lakh
acres should be brought under Lift Irrigation to Telangana as per the original
plan, the Government went on explaining their difficulty in implementing the
suggestion and stated that they may be permitted to bring only 50,000 acres
under Lift. (Relevant abstracts enclosed vide Annexure-XIV)
From the beginning, the Right Bank Canal of Nagarjunasagar serving Andhra
area is being shown preference over the Left Bank Canal, which serves part of
Andhra area besides Telangana. Whether it is a matter of allotment of funds or
designing the size of Canals, fixing the levels of the canals or releasing the water
from the reservoir etc., the partiality is clearly visible. The expenditure figures
reflecting in the form of potential that has been reported in the annual budget of
Government of Andhra Pradesh for some of the years prove the point (Extract
enclosed vide Annexure - XXV). The variations in sizes of the Left and Right Bank
Canals, though, the designed discharges are equal, would also vindicate the
same. The interesting point to note is, in case of Right Bank Canal the discharge
is reduced from 21,000 cusecs to 11,000 cusecs at the time of execution, The
bed width of the Canal has been increased to 241 ft from the designed bed width
of 155 ft, where as in case of Left Bank Canal while the discharge is same i.e.
11,000 cusecs both at design and execution stages, but the bed width as
executed is reduced to 95 ft from 134 ft, the designed bed width. (Figures enclosed
vide Annexure -XXVI). The field visit to the Nagarjunasagar Dam by the Hon’ble
members of the Commission would show that the reported and actual levels of
the outlet sluices of both the Canals are at variance.
It is a matter of pain and anguish to bring the fact to the kind notice of the
Commission that though the lift schemes are existing and operating on Left as
well as the Right Bank Canals, yet, the farmers of Left Bank Canal depending on
lifts are required to pay the electricity charges, whereas, the farmers enjoying the
lift arrangements on Right Bank Canal are not to pay any thing, since, the
Government bears the charges (vide Annexure - XXVIA). The different treatment
meted out to the Telangana farmer’s vis-à-vis Andhra farmers shows how the
Government of Andhra Pradesh is not at all impartial.
The tail pond reservoir at the toe of the Nagarjunasagar Dam was to be
constructed long time back, since it carried the necessary clearances from the
Central Government in the year 1972. The tail pond is to capture flows used for
generation of electricity flowing through the penstocks and pump the same back
to the reservoir through reversible turbines. The Government intentionally did not
construct the tail pond. Instead, it went on producing the power and wasting the
flows downstream to the river. Many a times, these flows could not be utilized by
the Krishna Delta farmers. In the name of generation of power, the authorities
supplied water to the Krishna Delta farmers in quantities more than their
requirement, detrimental to the interests of farmers of Left and Right Bank Canal.
It is now only, the tail pond has been taken up for construction, however, with a
different objective. The intention is to facilitate the diversion of Godavari waters
to Krishna basin using the tail pond reservoir. The hidden agenda of the
Government is obvious. It wants to replace the releases from Nagarjunasagar to
the farmers of Left Bank Canal fully and Right Bank Canal partially by Godavari
waters, so that the waters saved could be stored in Srisailam reservoir to be
utilized by the Rayalaseema and other projects in Prakasham district. The hurry
in which the tail pond is taken up now is a clear indication of the strategy/mal-
intention of the Government to deprive Telangana of its legitimate share of
Godavari as well as Krishna waters.
As per the Bachawat Tribunal’s directions all the projects that have been
included in the category –I and Category-II mentioned in their report would get
same priority in utilization of Krishna waters (Relevant abstracts enclosed vide
Annexure -XV). However, the Government of Andhra Pradesh has always preferred
to release waters to the Krishna Delta on priority over the Nagarjunasagar
ayacutdars. The matter was brought to the notice of the Government several
times and this was one of the issues of consideration that were raised by Sri K.
Chandrasekhar Rao, the then Union Minister for Labour and Employment before
the then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in a meeting held in the presence of
Sri Digvijay Sing the then AICC General Secretary and Incharge of Andhra
Pradesh. The Government did not change their attitude even after explaining
them the direction of Tribunal. Now, the same procedure is adhered to. The
Government have been maintaining that Krishna Delta farmers are prior users
and therefore, they should be given preference to Sagar beneficiaries. If the
same argument is extended, the ayacutdars of Alamatti would have to wait till
Nagarjunasagar Ayacutdars get their waters fully. This is a clear violation of the
verdict of the Bachawat Tribunal and such acts are detrimental to the interests of
Telangana region.
SRISAILAM PROJECT:
Not content with the diversion of these surplus flows the Government have
resorted to divert the dependable flows in the garb of surplus flows to the Penna
Basin and other areas of Andhra with a crude strategy to benefit Andhra region
at the cost of Telangana.
As per the principles of International Law Institute and the National Water Policy
and the observations of the Bachawat Tribunal, (extracts at Annexure-XX), the areas
lying within the basin would be entitled to the waters of the basin. It is only after
meeting the interests of the basin, the surplus flows, if any could be diverted to
the areas out side the basin. Even in case of Narmada the Hon’ble Tribunal
expressed its inability to allocate waters of Narmada to the Rajasthan State,
simply, because, Rajasthan was not a basin State. On the same principle, the
regions and the districts lying within the Krishna basin naturally would get
preference over the other basins, whether they are dependable flows or surplus
flows or flood flows. But, the Government of Andhra Pradesh would not respect
any laws or directions of Tribunals or Courts or any Institutions, if they do not
suit to their line of thinking.
The Tribunal had recommended that the Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) of
the Srisailam reservoir be kept at 830 feet in order to take maximum advantage
of power production vide extract at Annexure-XXA. The Government have fixed the
MDDL as 834 ft in the year 1996 vide G.O.Ms.No. 69 (Relevant portions enclosed
vide Annexure-XXI), based on suggestions of Bachawat Tribunal (Relevant abstracts
enclosed vide Annexure-XXII), However, the Government have mischievously raised
the MDDL to 854 feet in the year 2004 to cater to the needs of Rayalaseema
region, at the cost of power generation and irrigation interests of Nagarjunasagar
and Krishna Delta. The raising of MDDL vide G.O.Ms.No. 107, a copy at
Annexure-XXIII, was to facilitate drawl of Srisailam waters under all circumstances
though Pothireddipadu Head Regulator whose sill level is 841 feet. This was the
first act in the drama of diverting the flows of Krishna River to the outside basin.
Therefore, a series of G.O.s followed one after another namely G.O.No.170,
G.O. 233, G.O.No.3 and so on. (copies at Annexure-XXIIIA). By means of these
G.O.s, the Pothireddipadu Head Regulator was permitted to be widened four
times the present capacity. Though, the Government continues to make false
statements that only the surplus flows would be diverted, but in reality, their
intention is to divert the dependable flows to the detriment of the farmers
downstream. The statements made by the then Hon’ble Chief Minister Y.S.
Rajasekhara Reddy, prove the point beyond doubt. (Paper cuttings enclosed at
Annexure-XXIV)
The reason explained by the Government for increasing the capacity of the Head
Regulator is that because of construction of Alamatti Dam, the period of inflows
into the Srisailam Reservoir has reduced considerably. Therefore, there is a
need to divert the surplus flows only within a span of 30 days. To serve this
purpose, not only the capacity of Pothireddipadu Head Regulator is increased
four times, the sizes of other components have been increased sufficiently. Many
balancing reservoirs have been added to capture these surpluses. However, this
facility is not extended to the Telangana Projects. The Nettempadu, Kalwakurthy
and SLBC projects which are to serve the irrigation purposes of the drought
affected areas of Telangana are to depend on the surplus flows for a period of
90days and not 30 days as designed in case of Rayalaseema Projects. No
balancing reservoirs are planned to capture the surpluses in case of Telangana
Projects as done for other Rayalaseema Projects. This sort of adopting double
standards only reveals the apathy of the Government towards Telangana.
Banakacherla Cross Regulator:
PULICHINTHALA PROJECT:
The Pulichinthala Project, now under execution is essentially envisaged to
capture intermittent flows below the Nagarjunasagar Dam. The Tribunal did not
agree to allocate any waters to Pulichinthala Project. The Project is meant to
stabilize the Krishna Delta ayacut, besides providing irrigation to the second crop
and third crop subject to availability of water. When commenced it did not carry
any permissions from any authority except that of Central Water Commission.
The essential clearances from Environmental Ministry of Union Government
were lacking, yet the State proceeded ahead facing lot of hindrances from the
Courts and criticism from voluntary agencies. One of the main objections raised
against the Pulichinthala was that Government did not consider viable
alternatives. This has also figured in the meeting held between Mr. K.
Chandrasekhar Rao, the then Union Minister for Labour Employment and the
then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in presence of Sri Digvijay Singh, AICC
General Secretary and Incharge Andhra Pradesh State. The State Government
promised to consider the suggestion of looking into the alternatives, but
miserably failed to do so. The Project would submerge 30, 000 acres of land
besides submerging thousands of tones of valuable limestone deposits, spread
over 472 acres of land. The alternatives suggested by Sri Hanumantha Rao,
Retired E-in-C would have served the objective of the Project without creating
any submergence. But, the Government is adamant and not prepared to
consider any suggestion. In fact the Environmental Act warrants study of
alternatives. This shows that the Government does not respect any
Environmental law, or any other law of land. It has a hidden agenda of promoting
the interests of Andhra area at the cost of submerging valuable lands of
Telangana, displacing number of hapless poor farmers of Telangana and
disrupting the economy of the locals who loose the opportunity of working in the
cement factories that would get displaced.
The comparison of budget outlays in crores for a few years for these two
Projects is given as under:
It is seen that both Projects were started in the year 1983. As per the financial
progress is concerned, the Telugu Ganga Canal is 75 percent complete and
SLBC has just crossed half mark. The latest estimated cost of Telugu Ganga
Project is 4,432 Crores, whereas, the SLBC’s latest cost is 4,073 Crores. The
cumulative expenditure up to January, 2006 incase of Telugu Ganga is 1880.40
crores and the same is 687.5 crores for SLBC. This means that the
expenditure for Telugu Ganga was three times the expenditure for SLBC. It
is only during last four years, when Telangana Agitation spearheaded, more
funds have been pumped into the SLBC Project. Also since tunnel component
has been added to the Project, the need for more funds was felt. The cumulative
expenditure up to January, 2010 in case of Telugu Ganga is 3,151.66 crores
against 2,196.5 Crores in case of SLBC (3:2). Though, both Projects are
accorded same priority in terms of the all party resolution of 1981 and the total
cost is almost same, there is huge variance in terms of the total expenditure.
This is a clear example to show the Government’s apathy towards Telangana
Projects.
Source:
As per the Bachawat Tribunal for Godavari Waters about 1480 TMC could be
utilized as dependable flow by Andhra Pradesh. The catchment area of
Telangana is 79% against 21% from Andhra. As per the guidelines of
International Law Institute Telangana would have been entitled to 1169 TMC had
Telangana were a separate State.
Under Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage 10 lakh acres are being irrigated in each season
(Kharif and Rabi). To provide water for second crop under the Barrage, there
were several occasions, when the water was released from SRSP and
Kinnerasani Project, ignoring the interests of Telangana.
GODAVARI PROJECT:
As could be seen from the Fifteenth Report of the Sub Committee on Planning of
the Andhra Pradesh Regional Committee as adopted on 8 th June, 1959, the
Pochampad Project was proposed in place of the erstwhile Godavari Valley
Project with modified scope. As per the modified proposal, the cost of the Project
was 117.85 crores and it would serve an ayacut of 18.56 lakh acres in five
districts, namely Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam and Nalgonda.
As per the Project now under execution (SRSP Stage-I, SRSP Stage-II and
Flood Flow Canal), it is to serve an area of 16.68 lakh acres.
Pochampad, the only prestigious Major Project, which is considered as the
lifeline of the Telangana, is suffering badly due to inefficient and discriminatory
attitude of the Government. The Project started in the year 1963 is still
progressing with snail’s space. The report of annual budget of Government of
Andhra Pradesh for the year 1959-60 says “ a medium project on Godavari at
Pochampad in Adilabad district has been investigated and report being submitted to the
Government of India with a view to make a beginning, if possible, during the period of second
planning it self ”. The report on annual budget for the year 1966-67 says “due to
pressure of demands for several projects and schemes, it has not been possible to provide
more than Rs. 1.2 crores for the Pochampad Project next year” .
However, Rs. 8.2 crores
were allocated to Nagarjunasagar Project, 1.98 crores was allotted Tungabhadra
High level canal, 0.43 crores for Tandava Reservoir and 0.12 crores for KC
Canal. It can be realized that except Nagarjunasagar, which is a Project which
would benefit Telangana region (approximately ¼ to Telangana and ¾ to
Andhra) all other Projects belong to Andhra area and Government did not find
any problem in allocating funds to them. ( Relevant extract at Annexure-XXVIIA).
Further, the budget allocations to the Project were always given lesser priority as
compared to Nagarjunasagar Project, as can be noticed from the extracts at
Annexure-XXVIIB. Evidently, the Government did not pay adequate attention toward
this Project, being the Telangana Project.
The Kakatiya Canal, the principle carrier of SRSP waters was originally planned
to have a length of 234 Km. However, the same was extended up to 284 Km,
under SRSP Stage-I. The works on the Canal up to Km. 234 were carried out
with assistance under Second World Bank Project. Thereafter, the balance
works between Km. 235 to Km. 284 were continued with State Funds as well as
Central assistance under AIBP. However, while processing the third Project in
April, 1997. World Bank Authorities observed that simulation model studies
conducted by the department indicated that extension of command beyond Km.
234 was not warranted; as supply of water would be extremely unreliable.
Against this background, the works being executed on Kakatiya Canal beyond
Km. 234 were of doubtful utility, as commented by the Comptroller and Auditor
of India, in his report. The relevant extracts of the CAG report is at Annexure-
XXVIIIA.
When the water availability is so doubtful, even to bring the Canal up to Km. 284,
the purpose behind taking further the Kakatiya Canal from Km. 284 to Km. 346 is
nothing but fooling the Telangana people, in the absence of assured supplies.
SRSP STAGE – II
Numerous problems are faced by SRSP. On one hand, the inflows in to the
reservoir have reduced considerably. The envisaged inflows of 196 TMC into
SRSP Dam are not realized and only around 150 TMC are experienced. The
capacity of the reservoir got reduced due to heavy silitation in the reservoir ( 112
TMC got reduced to 80 TMC). The main canal namely the Kakatiya, which was
supposed to carry a discharge of 9,700 cusecs is unable to carry the designed
discharge due to faulty designs and lapses in the construction. The problem is
aggravated due to construction of Babli Project and eleven more schemes
upstream of SRSP by Government of Maharashtra. Now, there are
apprehensions in minds of the farmers of SRSP that the reservoir will not get
sufficient flows, once all the Projects now under execution by Government of
Maharashtra are completed, with the result, the fields of SRSP will turn into
desert and the farmers will be forced to commit suicides.
PRANAHITHA-CHEVELLA:
The Project is estimated to cost Rs. 38, 500 crores. The ultimate irrigation
potential is 16.4 lakh acres. While the budget provision for the year 2009-10 was
just 600 crores, the same for year 2010-11 is mere 700 crores. These figures
indicate as to how serious the Government is in executing the Project.
Government says that it will make efforts to include this project in the prestigious
‘National Projects Category’. It is not known whether the State Government’s
request will be accepted by the Union Government. It is not known how many
years the Project needs for completion. If Central Government does not provide
adequate assistance, how the State Government proposes to complete the
Project is not understood. In the Policy Statement, on the Demand for Grant on
Major and Medium irrigation in 2010-11, The Government of Andhra Pradesh
has mentioned that “The work load of Dr. Ambedkar Pranahitha-Chevella Sujala Sravathi
divided in to 28 packages and agreements for all the packages concluded. Investigation work is
in progress in all the packages” .
It means that, even without undertaking ground
survey and preparing detailed project report and submitting to Government of
India for approval, the Government has already awarded the work through 28
packages to the contractors and the contractors in turn have collected
mobilization advances. Even the agreement with the Government of
Maharashtra has not been concluded to obtain their concurrence, since
Pranahitha is an inter-state river and head works lie in territory of Maharashtra.
The Project needs huge power to the extent of 3375 MW. The Government has
not planned yet from where the required power will be provided. Further, who will
bear the cost of energy, once the Project comes in to operation is not worked
out. The situation being so clumsy, the Government makes false promises to the
people of Telangana, that they are determined to provide huge benefits to the
farmers of Telangana through this Project and making a big campaign of the
Project. (Copy of advertisement at Annexure-XXVIIIB). As per the campaign, the Project
is slated for completion by May, 2012, a deceitful statement.
In fact, the Andhra Engineers are dead against the sanction of this Project,
because they apprehend that the flows of Pranahitha will upset the functioning of
Polavaram Project, once Pranahitha-Chevella comes into operation. This is
evident from the following happenings. The then Chief Minister while giving
clearance to the Pranahitha-Chevella Project verbally has instructed his officials
to expedite the administrative approval to the Project. The Chief Minister was
enthusiastic over the proposal of lifting 160 TMC of Pranahitha waters and
carrying them even up to Chevella, a drought prone area of Ranga Reddy
district. But the officials put every spoke in clearing the project. They tried to
scuttle the size of the Project, by giving a Government order (copy enclosed vide
Annexure-XXVIIIC) to the effect proposing 5.5 lakh acres of ayacut only, in place of
12 lakh acres as originally envisaged. Further, they tried to complicate the issue
by introducing the condition that the proposed transfer of water from Pranahitha
is subject to satisfying the Government that this transfer is within the water
allocation as per Inter-State Godavari Water Tribunal Award. It was only after the
intervention of Chief Minister, who reportedly expressed displeasure over the
mess created by his officials (Vide Annexure-XXVIIID), the controversial G.O. was
scraped and revised G.O. (copy enclosed vide Annexure-XXIX) permitting to lift 160
TMC as originally envisaged and without the reference to the Inter-State
Godavari Water Tribunal Award was issued. However, both the G.O.s referred
above are for the preparation of Detailed Project Report, Detailed Investigations
etc. only. The Government have now accorded the Administrative Sanction to
the scheme for Rs. 17, 875 crores. Though, this Government order was ready for
issue quite some time back, this was held in abeyance deliberately and finally
issued only along with another G.O. for taking up Dummugudem-NS Tail Pond
on the same date. (Copies of both the G.O.s are at Annexure-XXX). This was done to
minimize the opposition from Telanganites, who are opposed to taking up
Dummugudem-NS Tail Pond Project, since this would deprive them of their
legitimate share of Godavari waters.
This Project is aimed to lift 165 TMC of water from river Godavari from upstream
of Dummugudem anicut and carry to Nagarjunasagar Project Tail pond during
flood season of Godavari to supplement irrigation under Nagarjunasagar Project.
The scheme is a mischievous one, contemplated by the Government to divert
the dependable flows of Godavari to Krishna basin in the garb of flood flows, to
benefit the farmers of Rayalaseema by process of substitution. In fact, no body
either is interested or requested the Government to provide supplementation to
the irrigation under the Nagarjunasagar Project by means of Godavari waters.
The present flows of NS Dam, if properly and judicially managed would be
adequate to cater to the needs of N.S. ayacut. No farmer of N.S. Project is
interested to replace the traditional system of getting water from Krishna by
Godavari waters that too by huge lifting, about 500 meters requiring 1136 MW
power.
The Government faced the ire of opposition parties in the Assembly over this
Project. The opposition parties termed this Project as “ill-conceived and unscientific
and was against the Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal Award”. They said the benefit
expected from the Project did not justify its huge expenditure of Rs. 20,000 crore.
Further, they said the State would have to loose the part of share of Krishna
waters, once the Godavari water was diverted to the Krishna (Relevant extract at
Annexure-XXXA)
As per the Godavari water disputes Tribunal the State of Andhra Pradesh can
divert 80 TMC of Godavari waters to Krishna Basin from Polavaram Dam.
However, it has to loose 35 TMC of Krishna waters of its share from the date of
clearance of the Polavaram Project by the Central Water Commission,
irrespective of the actual diversion taking place. Also Krishna Water Dispute
Tribunal has stipulated that in the event of the augmentation of waters of the
river Krishna by the diversion of the waters of any other river, no State shall be
debarred from claiming before the aforesaid reviewing authority or Tribunal that it
is entitled to greater share in the waters of the river Krishna an account of such
augmentation nor shall any State be debarred from disputing such claim.
This Project has been taken up by the erstwhile Government on a priority basis
and is considered as a prestigious one. Despite, several serious objections from
the Environmentalists, Tribal leaders, Farmers, People likely to be submerged by
the Project and other Non Governmental Organizations and without obtaining
even a single Statutory Clearance from the Concerned Authorities, the
Government has gone ahead and without bothering about any law of the land or
consulting any expert in the matter. As per Environmental Act, 1986, before
launching any Development Project, alternatives are to be studied. Further
environment clearance, forest clearances are mandatory. Unfortunately, the
Government did not obtain even the site clearance, which is first and foremost
clearance needed to be obtained from the Ministry of Environment and Forests,
before taking up the Project. The Government already spent around 2, 500
crores. The matter is before the Hon’ble Supreme Court. The Government of
Orissa is seriously objecting to the Project on ground that they are not consulted
and their concurrence was not obtained as per the agreements specified in the
Bachawat Tribunal for Godavari waters. They are not interested to get an inch of
their land submerged due to Polavaram. Even the High Court of Orissa gave
directions to the effect. The Environmental clearance obtained from the
Government of India was found to be based on false information furnished by
State Authorities. Without holding mandatory public hearings in Chhattisgarh and
Orissa, the State of Andhra Pradesh have furnished wrong reports and obtained
Environmental clearance. On an appeal, the clearance was struck down by the
Environmental Tribunal.
The essential dam break analysis forming part of disaster management study
was required to be carried out properly by the Project Authorities and the results
were necessarily required to be informed to the people in the public hearing.
Certain vital information was deliberately concealed in the public hearing. It is a
matter of interest to note that as compared to Sardar Sarovar Project and
Tungabhadra Project, the ratio of area of submergence to the area benefited is
too high in case of Polavaram. While it is 21.89% in case of Polavaram, it is
7.15% in Tungabhadra and a mere 1.77% in case of Sardar Sarovar.
SINGUR PROJECT:
The Singur Project across River Manjeera, Tributary to River Godavari came into
existence in place of Devanur project, which was contemplated by the erstwhile
Hyderabad Government. While the Devanur Project was basically aimed to
generate power, the Singur Project was planned to originally achieve two fold
objectives to arrest siltage and to stabilize storage in Nizamsagar. In addition to
providing 8.35 TMC for stabilization of Nizamsagar ayacut, 4.06 TMC to Ghanpur
ayacut, 4 TMC to the City water supply, 2 TMC was allotted for new ayacut in
Medak District. But in reality, the Project has been converted into a water supply
Project to serve the Twin Cities. The promised irrigation supplies to the
Nizamsagar ayacut and Ghanpur ayacut have been made dependent on the
water availability in Singur. Practically, the farmers of Nizamsagar and Ghanpur
ayacut have felt that they are cheated, since original promise made to them for
stabilization of Nizamsagar and Ghanpur anicut never materialized. Though,
promises were made to give 2 TMC of water to irrigate 40,000 acres of new
ayacut in Medak district, it was only a few years back that too at the instance of
T.R.S. the G.O. in the matter was released. (Copy enclosed vide Annexure- XXXI) and
still the water is not made available to the beneficiaries.
In fact, Manjeera has a limited potential of 99 TMC only and it cannot support the
demands of water supply to Twin Cities, since, it has already commitment to
irrigate the existing Ghanpur and Nizamsagar projects. (The relevant extract of report
is at Annexure- XXXII)
“It will not, therefore, be desirable to tap this River further for augmenting the water supply to
Twin Cities…… Hence, it is suggested that detailed investigation may be carried out for tapping
water from Srisailam Hydro Electric Project”.
The fact is that then Minister for Municipal Administration Sri Challa Subba
Rayudu, belonged to Rayalaseema region. Like any leader of the Rayalaseema
he also was not in favour of utilizing Krishna waters for any other purpose,
except for Rayalaseema. With this ill motive, the Government have entered into
agreement with Karnataka, and made them to agree to permit construction of
Singur in place of Devanur. Thus, Singur has come into existence to store waters
from Manjeera to serve, mainly twin Cities and steal waters of Manjeera from the
farmers of Telangana (Medak and Nizamabad districts). All this is done to help
the Rayalaseema region at the cost of Telangana. This is a clear-cut example to
show the discriminatory attitude of Government of Andhra Pradesh towards
Telangana. When the farmers of Medak District opposed to Singur project, the
Government promised to allocate 2 TMC from Singur to irrigate 40,000 acres of
new ayacut in Medak district and they have issued orders vide G.O.Ms.No. 455,
dated 31-10-1980. This promise is not fulfilled till to date. Only, at the instance of
Telangana Rashtra Samithi the Government was forced to issue another G.O. in
the year 2005 for honouring their old commitment. (Copy enclosed wide Annexure-
XXXIV). However, the work is yet to be completed.
GHANPUR ANICUT:
The farmers under the Ghanpur ayacut were enjoying 4.06 TMC of Majeera
waters and irrigating the designated ayacut without problems till the Singur Dam
was constructed by the Government of Andhra Pradesh. Even during 1980 the
Government vide G.O. No. 190, dated 12-04-1980 (Annexure-XXXIVB), the
Government has reiterated its commitment on Singur Dam as follows: “Fathenahar
and Mahabubnagar (Irrigation) as 4.06 TMC”. Both the nahars are canals taking off from the
Ghanpur anicut. However, the real problem to the farmers of Ghanpur had arisen when the
Government as a part of deal with the World Bank Authorities, who provided substantial
assistance to the Project, agreed that they would operate the Singur Reservoir in accordance
with the operating rules approved by the Bank. Accordingly, Government of Andhra Pradesh
have laid down operating rules for Singur Reservoir specifying the minimum Reservoir levels
for each month vide G.O. No. 93, dated 24-02-1990 (Annexure-XXXIVC). Further, in the said G.O.
it is mentioned that “water for irrigation shall be released only when the water levels are higher
than minimum levels indicated ….”. Thus, the irrigation requirements of the
ayacutdars, who have been enjoying their riparian rights since 1905 have been
subordinated to the dictatorial conditions laid down by the World Bank agencies.
Since then, each year the farmers of Ghanpur anicut had to go to the
Government with begging bowls requesting them to release at least a fraction of
their entitled share of water.
It can be seen that vide G.O.No. 10, dated 02-01-2009 (Annexure- XXXID),
Government have permitted release of 1.95 TMC (against their entitlement of
4.06 TMC). Again vide G.O.No. 1000, dated 22-12-2009 (Annexure – XXXIVE), as a
one time measure, Government accorded permission for release of 0.3 TMC to
irrigate 10,000 acres I.D. during Rabi 2009-10. Accordingly, this year the farmers
raised the crops to extent of 10,000 acres after investing considerable amounts.
The farmers, after utilizing 0.3 TMC waters released as first installment have
been eagerly waiting for further releases, but in vain. Frustrated, with
Government’s inaction in not releasing timely supplies, the farmers approached
the Chairman, Human Rights, who gave favourable orders. Though, the
Government have released waters now the same are of no utility to the farmers,
since, by that time the crops have already wilted. The farmers had to undergo
huge loss besides mental agony. This is the pathetic story of Telangana farmers
in general and Singur ayacut in particular, who have to surrender their legal
entitlements in favour of those, whom the Government considers as superiors.
The hapless farmers of Ghanpur anicut are anxious to meet the Hon’ble
Members of the Committee to recite their unending woes during their field visit to
the Project.
NIZAMSAGAR PROJECT:
INCHAMPALLY:
The Lower Penganga Project is a joint Project between state of Maharashtra and
Andhra Pradesh on Penganga River, tributary of river Godavari. The project
would benefit an ayacut of 27,300 ha in Andhra Pradesh (Telangana) and 2.27
lakh ha in Maharashtra. An agreement was concluded between the States on 6 th
October, 1975. It is a pity that even after 35 years, such a small project could not
be commenced, as necessary persuasion from the State Government’s side was
lacking.
KINNERASANI PROJECT:
MINOR IRRIGATION
At the time of allocation of assured water in Krishna & Godavari basins the
quantum arrived under minor irrigation system of Telangana region was about
200TMC.This itself is an ample proof that minor irrigation system was functioning
with success. For example, there are tanks like Ramappa, Paakala, Ghanpur
and Laknavaram which are functioning successfully for more than 500 years and
irrigating the registered ayacut.
As the Government did not respond either to take up new major irrigation
projects or maintain the dilapidated tanks, the farmers of Telangana region were
forced to go in for tube well irrigation system, to eke out their livelihood. Since
the tube well irrigation system needs pumping the farmers were required to make
huge investments in digging the bore wells as well for installing the pumping
system. There are incidents when the farmers had to dig a number of bore wells
before striking at a bore well yielding the requisite supplies of ground water.
Today, the number of pumpsets working in Telangana are around 18 lakhs. On
an average 3 acres under each pump set is irrigated. In this process, each
farmer has incurred about a lakh of rupees per acre to continue irrigation under
bore wells. Thus, Telangana farmers have invested more than Rs. 25,000 Crores
during the last 45 years. The main problem faced by farmers irrigating under
tube well is the erratic supply of electricity, which results in burning the motor and
consequently incurring heavy expenditure. Also crop failure due to non
availability of sufficient water is another cause worrying the farmers. The net
result is that the farmers, unable to meet the debt burden often tend to commit
suicides.
Before the merger, Telangana had a total net irrigated area of 20 lakh acres
comprising of around of 3 lakh acres from canals, 4 lakh acres from dug wells
and balance 13 lakh acres from tanks. Thus, it can be seen that the major
burden of providing irrigation to the area was on shoulders of tanks. In fact, tanks
were considered as the lifeline of Telangana. There were 3-4 tanks, big and
small in each village. Lot of attention was paid by the erstwhile rulers, Zamindars
and landlords towards maintenance and up keep of tanks. However, after the
merger with Andhra Pradesh, a false promise was given by Andhra rulers that
most of the cultivable land of Telangana would be provided with canal irrigation.
The Telangana people believed the Andhra rulers’ promises in good faith, since,
at the time merger, out of the total net irrigated area 41 lakh acres in Coastal
Andhra 27 lakh acres was under canal irrigation only. All the promises made by
the Andhra rulers were proved to be futile. The Government’s statistics show that
after 51 years i.e., during the year 2007-08 the canal’s irrigation in Telangana
has increased by 2.65 lakh acres but the tank irrigation gone down by 9.25 lakh
acres. Most of the tanks have either disappeared an account of urbanization or
lost their retaining capacity due to lack of maintenance.
The combined irrigation from canals and tanks, for which the Government is
mainly responsible has gone down by 6.6 lakh acres. Paradoxically, during this
period the well irrigation which is entirely done at the cost of cultivators has gone
up by 30 lakh acres. Mischievously, the Government, adding the well irrigation
(which is done at the cost cultivators) with the combined irrigation of tanks and
canals (both at the cost of Government) are claiming the credit for the increase in
the total irrigation. On the other hand, in Coastal Andhra the combined irrigation
from canals and tanks has increased during the same 50 years.
The details of net area irrigated from different sources namely canals, wells (tube & dug) and
Tanks in Costal Andhra, Rayalaseema and Telangana are at Annexure- XXXVI
Disparities in the area of ayacut irrigated in Telangana and Andhra
regions:
(Lakh Acres)
S. No: Name of the Project: 2006-07
Telangana
1. Nizamsagar 1.30
2. SRSP 6.27
3. NSLC 4.00*
4. Jurala 1.02
5. RDS 0.31
Sub Total : 12.9
Andhra
6. Vamsadhara 1.87
7. Godavari Delta 10.13
8. Krishna Delta 10.03
Pennar System
9. 0.24
including Somasila
10. KC Canal 2.72
11. TBP LLC 0.20
12. TBP HLC 0.89
13. Yeleru 0.53
14. NSRC 6.5
15. NSLC 2.5*
16. TGP 0.73
17. SRBC 0.60
Sub Total : 39.1
Grand Total : 52.01
Ratio of area irrigated in
3.03:1
Andhra to Telangana:
Percentage of area
irrigated to cultivable 7%
area in Telangana:
Percentage of area 18.2%
irrigated to cultivable
area in Andhra:
Ratio of area irrigated in 2.6:1
Andhra to Telangana
(considering respective
cultivable areas)
* Approximate
MICRO IRRIGATION:
The Government have thoughtlessly introduced the G.O., even without thinking
whether it would be possible to irrigate around 50 lakh acres, which are
proposed under lift schemes in Telangana, through Micro Irrigation. The
Government never paid any attention, whether irrigation of crops through Micro
Irrigation on such a big scale is adopted any where in the Country or elsewhere.
On one hand, the Government issued the order to bring all the lift irrigation
schemes under this programme and on the other hand stated a pilot Project will
be taken up under AMR Project in Nalgonda as an experimental basis.
The National Water Policy (2001) emphasized that Sprinkler and Drip system of
irrigation should be adopted wherever feasible. The Water Management Manual
of Ministry of Water Resources, the Water Management Publication of Indian
National Academy of Engineering, the Publications on ‘Sprinkler Irrigation’ and
‘Drip Irrigation’ of Indian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage,
Publication of Micro Irrigation Manual of Water Technology Centre, IARI and
proceedings of National Work Shop on Micro Irrigation of Ministry of Agriculture
have clearly brought out that Micro Irrigation is most suited for horticultural crops,
Vegetables etc. The limitation for adopting this method is its high initial cost,
which is beyond the purchasing capacity of small and marginal farmers and thus
mainly adopted by large farmers. Even in the developed Country like U.S.A. not
even 40% of the irrigated area is practiced under Micro Irrigation. Due to high
initial cost, poor institutional support system, lack of skilled human resources etc.
the Micro Irrigation has not been adopted by the farmers in the Country. Even in
the advanced States like Gujarat and Maharashtra, the system did not go well
with the farmers. Knowing fully well the farmers of Telangana are poor and would
be unable to meet the high cost associated which Drip and Sprinkler System, the
way in which the Government have issued the orders without consulting the
experts or farmers only leads to thinking that the Government’s action is
deliberate, to steal the waters of Telangana and keep the farmers of Telangana
perennially below the poverty line.
MODERNIZATION OF SCHEMES
In Coastal Andhra all the three deltas, namely, Godavari, Krishna and Penna
have been modernized. Lot of expenditure has been incurred by the Government
towards the same. While Krishna Delta modernization was taken up during the
Andhra Government’s tenure and completed in 1956, modernization of other two
deltas was carried out in Andhra Pradesh. K.C. Canal was modernized with
Japanese assistance recently. However, not even a single modernization
scheme in Telangana; either RDS or Sadarmatt has been contemplated by
Andhra rulers. It is only recently, RDS is taken up for modernization, as per the
Government report.
KC CANAL:
SUNKESULA BARRAGE:
Sunkesula anicut was modernized recently with Japanese assistance and now it
is a barrage with a storage capacity of 1.2 TMC. It is essentially aimed to serve
the KC Canal. In the old anicut there were few openings to release water to the
river for the use of downstream users of Telangana region. In the new Barrage
Gate No. 30 was reserved for this purpose and therefore, it was supposed to be
kept open. Most surprisingly, illegally, the Project Authorities have made
arrangements to close the gate on a permanent basis to prevent the water to
flow downstream. In spite of several requests made by the downstream villagers
that they are suffering for want of drinking water, the authorities did not open the
gate, which was required to be done not only from humanitarian angle also from
environmental consideration.
This reveals how the Government is showing favours to Andhra areas under
pressure and not bothered about the interests of downtrodden and weaklings of
Telangana.
JALAYAGNAM – A FARCE
Except a few schemes like Flood Flow Canal, SRSP stage-II, most of them have
no clearances from the Planning Commission. The schemes which have been
formulated and are under construction in Krishna basin are dependant on
surplus flows (not dependable flows) for which new Tribunal is yet to sanction the
allocation. Lot of Projects have the problem of land acquisition. Mega Projects
such as Polavaram are facing legal problems and are under the purview of
Supreme Court. Inter-State problems affect many projects. Unless Union
Government comes to help the Projects, they may not be completed in another
30-40 years. The cost of the 82 Projects is estimated as Rs. 1.76 lakh crores.
But this may go up to Rs. 3-4 lakh crores by the time of completion.
The Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) for the year
ended 31st March, 2008 has clearly brought out that “the Projects were awarded
without prior acquisition of land and this resulted in majority of the Projects on which
substantial expenditure has been incurred getting stalled mid-way and non-creation of
envisaged irrigation potential”. Further, the Report stated that “ even in respect of the
Projects where the irrigation potential is stated to have been created, no supporting ayacut
registers, water release schedules, etc., were maintained by the Water Users Associations.
Thus, the irrigation potential stated to have been created and utilized could not be verified”
It is assessed that the power requirement is around 6100 MW to make all the
above lift schemes operational. The present generating capacity of the State is
7800 MW. Obviously, the State has to take up a number of power schemes on
war footing. Further, the Government have time and again announced that free
power will be provided to the farmers for their lift schemes. Now, it is understood
that the Government have contemplated to hand over the proposed power
projects to private agencies on BOT basis, instead of Genco, Government
Agency. It is not understood, how the Government would be able to make
available the power in adequate quantity to the farmers, free of cost, if all the
power projects are handed over to private agencies. Evidently, the Government
is saying something and doing something. It is apprehended, that Government
would not be able to provide energy to the farmers either free of cost or at
affordable price, if the power schemes are with the private agencies.
Why all this Drama?
Appeasing the Telangana with number of schemes which may not materialize in
the near future, for want of funds and energy and Coastal Andhra with
Polavaram, which may not see the day of the light, is done only with the sole
intention of diverting as much Krishna waters as possible from Srisailam through
Pothireddipadu Head Regulator and schemes such as HNSS to the
Rayalaseema. In order to compensate the loss due to such act of diversion of
dependable flows from Srisailam the downstream users are promised with
Pulichinthala, Polavaram and Dummugudem-Nagarjunasagar Tail Pond.
Government is fully aware that they have no funds for execution of the
Jalayagnam programme. They also know that unless the projects are cleared by
Planning Commission neither funds from Union Government, nor from any
external agency would be available. Still Government is making tall promises that
Projects namely, Polavaram, Pranahitha-Chevella, Yellampally, Devadula etc.
would be brought under National Projects Category. Further, Government is
publicizing that it is spending around fifty percent of irrigation funds in Telangana
and creating sufficient irrigation potential. Either, spending huge sums (which
mostly are pocketed by contractors, politicians and officials) or creating potential
is not the answer. The real problem is how much water is delivered and how
many acreages are benefited. The Government draws flak on the query.
The Government have come up recently with a full page advertisement in the
vernacular Press, ( Annexure – XXXVIIIA ) highlighting their achievements under
‘Jalayagnam’. In the category of the Projects completed, they have listed out 12
Projects through which they have claimed a new ayacut of 1, 31,254 acres
besides stabilization of 1, 89, 379 acres. Even, assuming the claims of
the Government to be correct, it is seen that in Telangana only one medium
scheme namely Gaddena Suddavagu has been completed with an ayacut of just
14,000 acres (against the total of 1,31,254 acres) and two Projects have been
completed by means of which around 90,000 acres have been stabilized. In the
category of Projects which have been partially completed claims have been
made that in Telangana 3, 80,800 acres have been added as new ayacut. The
claim of the Government is utterly false, since, neither Alimineti Madhava Reddy
Project nor Sriram Sagar Project Phase - II, (the major Projects included in
the list) have added any new ayacut so far, since, the distributory system is
incomplete and particularly the field channels are not dug so far. The position
could be verified from the field visits by the Hon’ble Members of the Committee.
The above acts only show how the Government is trying to mislead the
Telangana people by raising false hopes. While dreams of Telangana would
remain unfulfilled which the Government is fully aware, the scheme of diverting
Godavari waters to Krishna basin and Krishna waters to Rayalaseema would
materialize.
It has been observed that the Government will not take much time to issue G.O.,
if the Project is to benefit either Coastal Andhra or Rayalaseema provided they
are the pet Projects of the decision maker. The classic examples those can be
cited are: 1) Polavaram and 2) Pothireddipadu. In case of Polavaram, the Chief
Engineer sends the proposals to the Government on 24-08-2004 and the G.O. is
issued sanctioning the Project on 10-09-2004, just within 17 days. In case of
Pothireddipadu, the proposals of the Chief Engineer are sent on 20-08-2005 and
the Government issued the G.O. approving the scheme on 13-09-2005, just
within three weeks. Similar facility was never available to any of the Projects of
Telangana.
From the above, it is evident that from the beginning the Telangana region was
neglected intentionally, by not sanctioning the Projects, by not providing funds
and delaying the Projects. The importance of irrigation to Telangana was
realized long time back as can be seen from the report of the Indian Irrigation
Commission of 1901-03, page 238-quoted below
“General Conclusions: - with reference then to the general question of the utility of the
irrigation in Hyderabad it may be said that in the Telangana and certain portions of the Carnatic
tracts, which comprised more than half the total area of Hyderabad, irrigation is vitally essential
to the well-being of the people and to the general prosperity of the State and that the soil is
suited to it and the people are eager for it…..”. (Extract vide Annexure-XXXXIII)
Conclusions:
Telangana was a State before 1956 under the name of Hyderabad. Two mighty
Rivers having catchments of 68.5% (Krishna) and 79% (Godavari) flow through
Telangana. The soils are excellent and suitable for cultivation being red and
loamy. The cultivators are hard working and are ever ready to make use of
irrigation facilities. Having such excellent resources, one would wonder why this
region remained backward even after 55 years of merger with Andhra, which is
prosperous in agriculture, because of Canal network. This leads to a simple
conclusion that this region has not remained backward on its own but purposely
kept backward by the vested interests.
The merger which was done against the wishes of Telanganaites was because
of vast water resources available in Krishna and Godavari. The love of Andhra
towards Telangana is not borne out of affection because of language or culture,
only because of excellent water resources amongst many other virtues, which
would create a mass wealth. One TMC of water would easily fetch around 4
crores in each season. Telangana, in integrated Andhra Pradesh State has lost
thousands of TMCs of Krishna and Godavari waters by the unethical, illegal and
other dubious means adopted by Andhra rulers. There is no other way to bring
out Telangana from the clutches of Andhra and place it on of the glory and
prosperity except by creating a separate State.
Employment
The experience of people of Telangana in the integrated state of Andhra Pradesh
with regard to public employment is an experience of fraternal betrayal.
Agreements Flouted:
Before the merger of Telangana with Andhra, there was a regulation called
Mulki Rule which was intended to reserve jobs in government service and
seats in the educational institutions exclusively for the natives of Telangana
who had a stay of at least 12 years in the region. One of the conditions for
the merger of Telangana with Andhra was continuance of this regulation. It
was also incorporated in the Gentlemen’s Agreement.
Like all other conditions of the Agreement, this clause also was observed
more in its breach. The Mulki Rule was either relaxed indiscriminately or
ignored intentionally. Job seekers from Andhra area were also encouraged
and patronized for getting into employment in Telangana by obtaining false
Mulki Certificates. This went on unabated for more than a decade. The
number of such illegal entrants into Telangana job field was estimated to
have crossed a disturbing number of 24,000. It became one of the major
factors for the revolt of people of Telangana in 1968-69, which took the turn
of an intense agitation demanding separation of Telangana from Andhra.
Then the government of the time tried -- or pretended -- to undo the
damage by convening an all party meeting in January 1969. A decision was
taken to repatriate all those irregular and illegal entrants to their native
regions by creating supernumerary positions, if necessary; and, to fill the
resultant vacancies in Telangana by the local candidates, then called
Mulkis. A Government Order (the infamous GO 36) was issued in this
regard. Instead of implementing this GO, certain important political leaders
of Andhra of the time opposed it and instigated the illegal entrants to
approach the court of law not only to get the GO 36 cancelled, but also to
question the constitutional validity of the very Mulki Rule. After a prolonged
litigation, the Supreme Court of India upheld the constitutional validity of
Mulki Rules. Thereby the repatriation of those 24,000 employees became
inevitable.
It did not stop at that. Illegal appointments of 24,000 Non Mulki employees
were made legal. All other safeguards given to Telangana as a
precondition for its merger were scrapped without any conscience. As an
alternative, a diluted formula, which has come to be known as Six Point
Formula, was foisted on the people. Under this formula, the duration of
residential requirement to become a local candidate was reduced from 12
years to 4 years; the State was divided into six zones and the word Mulki
was replaced by Local Candidate. All of this has been mere eyewash. It
came into operation in 1975 through a Presidential Order. And, its violation
also started simultaneously.
The violation of the Six Point Formula has been so persistent, that by 1985,
i.e. in a span of 10 years, about 60,000 non locals illegally infiltrated into
the government jobs in Telangana, and deprived the local candidates of
Telangana of their rightful claim on these jobs. This figure was arrived at by
a couple of committees of officials constituted by the State Government
itself. The result was another spell of unrest, especially among the youth
and the employees. The Government of the time was, therefore, compelled
to issue another order (the most infamous GO 610) in December 1985 for
repatriating those 60,000 employees illegally appointed in Telangana to
their native zones by creating supernumerary positions if necessary, and
for appointing local candidates of the Telangana area in the resultant
vacancies. It was categorically stated in the said GO that it would be
implemented before 31st March1985. 25 years have rolled by; but,
ironically, it is yet to be implemented. It is necessary to know in this context
that a similar GO was issued in the same month i.e. December 1985, to
repatriate a few employees from Andhra to Telangana, with the same
condition of implementing it by 31 st March 1985. It was implemented much
before the stipulated time.
Can there be a crueler joke than this? What about those thousands
and thousands of Telangana boys and girls who are deprived of their
legitimate source of livelihood? Have they not been pushed to the
woods? Were they not thrown on to the streets? Are they not
compelled to become almost refugees in the Gulf? Such is their
misery, agony and trauma, while the illegal nonlocal occupants of the
jobs are enjoying life at the expense of the locals. Is it possible to
make any assessment of such a devastating damage done to the
youth of this region?
There is yet another factor that needs greater attention. There is a specific
condition in the scheme of things to ensure a fair share to all regions with
regard to staffing pattern in all state level offices including Secretariat. The
intention obviously is to maintain their levels, proportionate to the
population of the respective regions. As of now, Telangana component of
the staff in these offices is hardly 10% instead of 41%, that too, mostly at
the lowest levels of the hierarchy. Here it is not the question of mere
number of jobs. The issues involved are of greater significance with
consequences of a far reaching nature. It involves the question of
meaningful and effective participation in the administration of the State
concerning formulation of policies and programmes, and their
implementation, at the highest levels of the system. In the Indian situation,
it is the bureaucracy that controls and commands the administrative
machinery of the state. In the Andhra Pradesh bureaucratic set up, the
Telangana element is extremely insignificant. As a result, the State’s
administration has become alien and inaccessible to the people of
Telangana. Even the position of political leaders, including several
ministers too is in no way different. It is well known that the damage caused
to the Telangana interests by the non-Telangana and anti-Telangana
bureaucracy of the State is equal, if not more, than the harm done by the
political leadership.
“To examine the situation in the state of Andhra Pradesh with reference to the
demand for a separate state of Telangana as well as the demand maintaining the
present status of the United Andhra Pradesh” and other terms and conditions.
As history reveals that Hyderabad state was one among the several other
princely states of India. It was also enjoyed a status of separate sovereign
country as it had embassies in 110 countries all over the world including
present Hyderabad House in New Delhi. The then Nizam state was the
seventh richest in the world. The then Nizam state had its own constitution
and its own Government consisting cabinet headed by the Prime Minister,
executive and legislature. It is also evident from the fact the no one
represented from this Nizam state to constituent Assembly in 1948 which
had given a constitutional document to the nation.
On the other hand, the Govt. of India formed State of Andhra in October
1953 bifurcating Telugu speaking districts of Madras succumbing to the
violent demonstrations after the death of Sri Potti Sriramulu who under took
fast undo death for the formation of Andhra State along with Madras city as
its capital. But Andhra State was formed and Kurnool was made its capital
owing to the Sri Bagh pact signed by the leaders of Andhra and
Rayalaseema.
“After taking all these factors into considerations, we have come to a conclusion
that it will be in the interest of Andhra as well as Telangana if, for the present, the
Telangana area is constituted into a separate State, which may be known as the
Hyderabad State, with the provision for its unification with Andhra after the
general elections likely to be held in or about 1961, if by two – third majority the
legislature of the residuary Hyderabad express itself in favour of such
unification” ( Para 386 )
In spite of the expert opinion of the SRC for the formation of Hyderabad
(Telangana) State, the time factor along with subsequent option to the
Telangana legislators for the unification of Telangana with Andhra, the
protagonists of unification exploited the situation and influenced the
congress High Command to decide in favour of unification. 80% of the
people of Telangana were in favour of separate State but there were two
camps among the congress leaders on Telangana, the separatists lead by
the Chief Minister Sri Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, supported by K.V.Ranga
Reddy, Dr.M.Chenna Reddy, Sri J.V. Narsinga Rao etc., the integrationists
lead by Swamy Ramananda Tirtha and others.
The Telangana Central Committee was spear heading the agitation for
Telangana State and while the agitation was gaining momentum there
came a sudden and surprising change in the stand of Sri Burgula
Ramakrishna Rao, who became the protagonist for unification. The
Congress High Command, influenced by the lobbying of Andhra leaders,
having succeeded in splitting the separatist’s camp and maneuvered to
pressurize Sri K.V.Ranga Reddy, Dr.M.Chenna Reddy and others to
change their stand. The sub-committee of AICC dealing with State
reorganization held a series of meetings with the leaders of separatists and
integrationists and Congress High Command ultimately decided to merge
Telangana with Andhra without considering the wishes and apprehensions
of the people of Telangana and dishonored the expert opinions of the SRC.
It is noteworthy to mention that the then Union Home Minister Pandit
G.B.Pant stated in the Parliament that Vishalandra would be formed only
with the acceptance of the people of Telangana. But without ascertaining
the aspirations of the people of Telangana for a separate State, on March
5, 1956, the then Prime Minister Sri Jawaharlal Nehru, while addressing a
Mamath Public Meeting at Nizamabad, declared that the Union Govt. had
decided to merge Telangana with Andhra. The Govt. of India having
accepted the recommendation of the SRC to disintegrate Hyderabad State
did not care the recommendation for the formation of a separate State for
Telangana. The people of Telangana lived in servitude for centuries under
the feudal rulers. For the first time in the history, they had elected a
popular Govt. of their own in 1952 to govern themselves. Hardly they did
breathe the air of freedom for four years they were again subjected to
economic, political and cultural colonization by the Andhras, much against
their wishes and recommendations of an expert commission as anticipated
by Jawahalal Nehru.
Though the Govt. of India took decision in the year 1956 in favour of
unification, the unification was not unconditional and subject to conditions
in Gentlemen’s Agreement. The Andhras promised certain safeguards to
the people of Telangana in the form of resolutions in Andhra State
Assembly. The first assembly resolution was moved by the Andhra Chief
Minister Sri B.Gopala Reddy on 25.11.1955. It says, “This assembly would
further like to assure the people of Telangana, that the development of Telangana
would be deemed to be a special charge and that certain priorities and special
protection will be given for the improvement of Telangana Region such as
reservation in services and educational institutions on the basis of population”.
The Second Assembly Resolution was moved by the Andhra Deputy Chief
Minister Sri N.Sanjeeva Reddy on 1.2.1956. It says “in regard to the
appointments and employment in Telangana region they seem to be having some
fears that educationally more advanced people from Andhra region might usurp
all avenues of employment depriving Telangana people of their due share. I want
to make it clear that we do not want anything in your share of employment. We
are assuring you that we would not touch your 1/3 share in employment. Such an
assurance was made not only on my personal behalf but also on behalf of this
assembly and Govt.”.
Though, the people from the Telangana were against the merger with
Andhra State, the Union Government against the General will of the people
has forcefully merged the Telangana with Andhra State. We desired that
the Government of India would act as protector of our interest and
safeguard the interest of people as per the Gentleman agreement.
Government of India in 1956 evinced over enthusiasm to merge the
Telangana with Andhra, later, in the course of time has completely ignored
in implementation of the safeguard as assured in the Gentleman
agreement. According to this agreement safe guards in the matters relating
to Telangana revenues, educational facilities, recruitment and retrenchment
of service personnel, the position of Urdu, domicile rules, sale of
agricultural lands were guaranteed. This agreement guaranteed (i) the
continuance of Mulki rules promulgated by the Nizam Govt. in 1919 through
a Farman, (ii) constitution of Telangana Regional Council with a view to
secure it’s all round development with its needs and requirements. It will
be a statutory body empowered to deal with and decide about planning and
development, irrigation and other projects, Industrial development, within
the general plan and recruitment to services in so far as they relate
Telangana area. The TRC will control the sales of agricultural lands in
Telangana laks of lands could not get validated until the TRS approved
them. (iii) The agreement provides that if the Chief Minister is from Andhra,
the Deputy Chief Minister will be from Telangana and vice-versa. Apart
from this, a detailed note on safeguards proposed for Telangana in the light
of conclusions arrived at on 14 items in the Gentlemen’s agreement was
signed on 14.8.1956 by the signatories of the agreement. The State of
Andhra Pradesh came into existence on November,1, 1956 Hyderabad as
its capital and Sri Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy sworn in as Chief Minister of
Andhra Pradesh State.
“371. Special provision with respect to the States of Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and
Bombay. – (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may,
by order made with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh……provide for the
constitution and functions of regional committees of the Legislative Assembly of
the State; for the modifications to be made in the rules of business of the
Government and in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Assembly of the
State and for any special responsibility of the Governor in order to secure the
proper functioning of the regional committees”.
MULKI RULES:
The Mulki Rules formed part of the Hyderabad Civil Service Regulations
promulgated in obedience to His Exalted Highness the Nizam’s Firman
dated 25th Ramzan 1337 H. The State of Hyderabad was then a native
Indian State which had not acceded to the Dominion of India after the
Indian Independence Act, 1947. Chapter III of the Regulations, contained
in Article 39 which reads as follows:
“ 39. No person will be appointed in any Superior or Inferior service without the
specific sanction of His Exalted Highness, if he is not a Mulki in terms of the rules
laid down in Appendix ‘N’. Any person, whose domicile is cancelled under para 9
of the Mulki rules, will be considered to have been dismissed from his post from
the date of such cancellation.”
Soon after the popular Govt. took over the Administration in 1952 agitation
against the non-mulkies broke out in Telangana. “Idli – Sambar go back”
and “Non-mulkies go back” were the slogans of the agitation. Instead of
sending the non-mulkies back, the Govt. used police force to crush the
agitation. Police resorted to lathi charge and firing hundreds of students
were put in jails and at least 13 students were killed in the police firings. At
last the Mulki agitation was brutally crushed and the non-mulkies continued
in their services.
The above table reveals that in the revision of pay scales in 1958 & 1961
Andhra employees got monetary benefit and Telangana employees
downgraded in the name of uniformity. The Telangana Regional
Committee also disapproved this kind of discriminative attitude of
Government of Andhra Pradesh as follows in its 3 rd supplementary report of
sub-committee on white paper on Telagana Services.
“The Committee has been observing that the practice of the Government
was to issue a Government Order or a U.O. Note that clearly violates the
principles laid down under the directions of Government of India or the
S.R.. Commission Report. These order are implemented with the pre-
mediated object of giving facility, for continuing X or Y (Andhra region) in a
particular post although he does not deserve, it under rules. All this is
purported to be done on a purely temporary footing although why even a
temporary measure should be allowed to flout the rules is not at all clear.
The Committee also regrets to note that the Government were not
prepared to retrace their steps even after being convinced of the just stand
of the Telangana services in some cases. On the contrary they kept
improvising several pretexts, as for instance, that it is a matters of
administrative inconvenience or that much time has elapsed since X or Y
has continued in the post and the “therefore it would not be proper, at the
distance of time to rake up healed wounds”. It is obvious that the orders
implemented and the arguments advanced are but two sides of the same
medal; they fit in perfectly with each other. This Committee unequivocally
disapproves of this attitude and pleads for retrospective remedy so as to
bring about a fuller and better integration of services.”
The residential qualification in the Mulki Rules will apply only for the
purposes of recruitment to non-gazetted posts and posts of Tahsildars and
Civil Assistant Surgeons in the Telangana region. It will also apply to such
posts as were non-gazetted on 01-11-1956 but have since been made
gazette. However, in the case of composite offices such as Secretariat, the
offices of Heads of Departments and common Institutions of the State
Government, these rules will apply for the purpose of filling the second
vacancy in every unit of three direct recruitment vacancies, in non-gazetted
posts.
Since the above proposals and arrangements were not in accordance with
the gentlemen agreement, the said proposals were not accepted by the
agitators.
“16. It was, however, urged that the impugned rules formed part of a
number of other rules which became void on the commencement of the
Constitution; all the Mulki rules constituted one integrated scheme
regulating appointments to services and posts under the old Hyderabad
State and if the other rules are void the impugned rules would also fall. But
this principle of interpretation cannot be applied to Art. 35 (b), for it
expressly saves laws like the impugned Mulki Rules. If we were to apply
the suggested principle of interpretation we would be rendering Art. 35 (b)
nugatory, for ordinarily rules like the impugned rules would from part of Civil
Service Regulations or laws dealing with appointments especially in the old
Indian States. We must give effect to the intention clearly expressed in Art.
35 (b). The Judges of the Full Bench also came to the same conclusion
and in agreement with them we hold that the impugned rules were
continued in force by Art. 35 (b) of the Constitution”.
“18. Accordingly we are of the view that the impugned rules continued in
force even after the constitution of the State of Andhra Pradesh under the
Re-organization of State Act, 1956”.
In 1972 the Leaders of Andhra Region had started the “Jai Andhra”
Movement in Andhra Region opposing the Supreme Court judgment and
demanded formation of separate Andhra State. They wanted to scrap all
the safeguards provided to the people of Telangana and demanded a state
without any restrictions if combined state was to be continued. Jai Andhra
movement gained momentum. Succumbing to the pressure of Jai Andhra
Movement, Govt. of India proposed a formula called ‘Six Point Formula’ in
1973.
(i) Local reservations were reduced from 100% to 60%, 70% and 80%
for various levels of post as explained above. The rest of the posts
were to be filled up on open merit basis and not reserved for non-
locals. But they were treated as reserved for non-locals.
(ii) In terms of Mulik Rules Telangana Region is one zone for the purpose
of recruitment in public employment. In terms of Presidential Order
the Telangana is divided into two zones viz; Zone V consisting of
Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal & Khammam districts and Zone VI
comprising of Nizamabad, Medak, Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy,
Nalgonda, Mahboobnagar Districts. In some Departments of
Hyderabad district for some appointments a separate city cadre was
organized this provision was misinterpreted by Andhra officials and
Hyderabad was created as VII Zone or free zone for the purpose of
recruitment and transfers in all departments.
(iii) Period for local candidature was reduced to 4 years from 12 years.
Thousands of Andhras were benefited by this reduction and they
became locals in Telangana especially in Zone-VI who are residing in
and around Hyderabad city, being the capital of A.P. State, thereby
native people of Hyderabad city, Districts of Zone VI have lost
thousands of jobs since 1975.
(iv) Prior to the Presidential Order, every second vacancy in every unit of
three vacancies was reserved for Telangana in the Secretariat and
HODs. Presidential Order, 1975 removed such reservation to
Telangana under para 14 of the said order. Thereby Secretariat,
offices of the HODs, PSUs, Corporations, Boards, Govt. Aided
Institutions etc. have excluded from the local reservations and
become dens of Andhra Employees. The power centers, where policy
decisions and budgetary allocations are made, have insignificant
representation from Telangana, not more than 15%. Equitable
opportunities and facilities for the people belonging to different parts
of the State in the matter of public employment as envisaged in
Art.371(D) of Constitution of India was denied to Telangana in the
disguise of provision of savings under para 14 of Presidential Order
1975. Domination of Andhra over Telangana is crystallized.
VIOLATIONS OF PRESIDENTIAL ORDER 1975 and issue of
G.O.Ms.No. 610:
The Presidential Order, 1975 has been violated as was done in the case of
Mulki Rules. In 1985 Telangana NGOs Union represented the Govt.
indicating specific cases of violations of Presidential Order during 1975 to
1985 and prayed for their repatriation to their respective Zones/Districts.
The then Chief Minister Sri N.T.Rama Rao had appointed a three member
committee of IAS Officers comprising Sri Jayabharat Reddy, Umapathi and
Kamalanathan to look into the matter. After thorough enquiry it was
established by the committee that 58,962 non-local were infiltrated in to the
posts meant for Telangana in violation of P.O. 1975 and recommended for
their repatriation to their native Districts/Zones. Govt. had issued G.O.610
on 30.12.1985 wherein Para 5(i) says “The employees allotted after
18.10.1975 to Zones V & VI in violation of Zonalization of local cadres
under the six point formula will be repatriated to their respective zones by
31.12.1986 by creating supernumerary posts wherever necessary”
The One Man Commission had worked for 3 years and submitted a
detailed report in 3 valumes consisting 750 pages in 2004 to the
Government of Andhra Pradesh with recommendations enumerating how
the P.O. 1975 has been violated since its promulgation and till date.
The Girglani Commission in its report has categorically pointed out which is
as under at page No 29 in volume-I as detailed below.
2. The Presidential Order had gradually been receding into the limbo of
oblivion. Hence its implications in the administrative decisions even in the
matters of reorganizations and far-reaching personnel and structural
changes and in the movement of personnel, did not even cross the minds
of the proposers and decision-makers. While in every such decision the
financial implications were always examined and legal aspects kept in mind
the implications under the Presidential Order escaped attention and tended
to get ignored. Even where they did occur to the concerned authorities, as
in the case of work charged establishments, these were skirted and the
easy way out was adopted.
6. (a) Departments that have a very large cadre and which include
certain wings which are/were excluded from the Presidential Order like
Police and Irrigation and Command Area Development;
(b) “Umbrella” Departments which have an integrated cadre covering
new offspring Departments – have some genuine difficulty in cadre
management particularly in wings where they find stagnation due to original
defective staffing pattern or any other reason. Such Departments tend to
resort to amnesia now and then with regard to the Presidential Order as the
easy way out.
We submit that the OMC had established that P.O. 1975 was violated,
misinterpreted, relaxed, ignored according to the whims and fans of officers
in the following forms.
(ii) Govt. have converted many zonal level offices in Telangana as state
level offices and taken out these offices from the per view of
Presidential Order thereby Zonal Level Posts have become state level
posts to which local reservations are not applicable.
(iv) Many District Level Posts have been elevated to Zonal Levels Posts,
Zonal Levels Posts have been elevated to State Level Posts, thus
reduced the percentage of local reservations from 80% to 60% and no
reservation to State Level Posts.
(v) Inter District and Inter Zonal transfers are not permitted as per the
provisions of P.O. 1975 but using the provision of ‘Public Interest’
many employees from Andhra have been transferred to Telangana
District / Zones. Deputations were allowed and later they were
absorbed in these posts.
(vii) P.O. listed out specified gazetted posts. Govt. unilaterally gazetted
many non-gezetted posts and zonal specified gazetted posts were
elevated to statewide gazetted posts without approval of the President
of India. It resulted in reduction of percentage of local reservation.
(x) 20%, 30% and 40% posts were to filled up on the basis of merit.
There is no reservation to non-locals in the P.O. But the APPSC and
DSCs misinterpreted them and reserved for non-locals.
(xi) Backlog posts meant for locals were to be filled up by 100% locals,
but these posts were again bifurcated as local and non-local thereby
hundreds of local posts have gone to non-locals.
The Govt. of A.P. accepted the OMC report on the floor of the House. But
the Govt. never bothered to implement the short term and long term
measures recommend by the OMC inspite of repeated representations
submitted by the Telangana Employees, Teachers and Workers Unions.
Contrarily the Govt. have issued G.Os.72, 399, 415 in the name of
implementation of G.O.610 which were against to the principles laid down
in P.O. 1975. Later they were withdrawn succumbing to the resentment of
Telangana Employees and the public as well.
3. Even though the judgment was delivered eight months ago, no action
was initiated to rectify the lapse and not even they have come to a
conclusion, whether it was prospective, or retrospective.
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS:
During the year 2004 the then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Sri Y.S.
Rajashekar Reddy, had constituted the following Committees for
rectification of violation of Presidential Order and G.O.Ms.No. 610 as
detailed below:
On Nov. 22, 2008 Govt. have issued a statement stating that out of 12
lakhs Govt. employees it had gone into the details of 4.5 lakhs employees
only. Govt. have no information of 67000 employees, 18,000 employees
only found to be non-locals who were appointed, transferred and deputed
in violation of Presidential Order 1975 and they would be sent back to their
respective Districts or Zones. Accordingly Govt. Departments have issued
a few repatriation G.Os but all were stayed by the A.P. Administrative
Tribunal / High Court, thereby all remained at their places. Since then
nothing had taken place. Government have not taken steps to ensure the
interim stays are vacated by filing the counters and vacate stay petitions.
As per the above analysis the Telangana people have lost near about 2.5
lakhs employment opportunities during these 53 years of combined State.
The number of non-local employees who were working in Telangana in
violation of Mulki Rules in the initial stage and subsequently in violation of
Presidential Order estimated through the various Committees appointed by
the Government are as follows:
Conclusion:
The then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, while announcing the merger of
Andhra and Telangana on 5th March, 1956 at Nizamabad, he made it clear
that “If the Telangana people suffer injustice at the hands of Andhras then
they will have a right to seek separation”.
It is note worthy to mention that the SRC while recommending for formation
Telangana State it was of the opinion that Agreements like Sri Baug Pact
and Constitutional devices like British-Scottish devolutions would not work
for Telangana.
“We have carefully gone into the details of the arrangements which may be
made of these lines. It seems to us, however, that neither guarantees on
the lines of the Sri Baug Pact nor constitutional devices, such as “Scottish
devolution’ in the united kingdom, will prove workable or meet the
requirements of Telangana during the period of transition. Anything short
of supervision by the Central Government over the measures intended to
meet the special needs of Telangana will be found ineffective, and we are
not disposed of to suggest any such arrangement in regard to Telangana
(Para 384, SRC Report 1955).
All the agreements, constitutional safe guards, Supreme Court Judgments,
Formulae, Commissions, Committees, Govt. orders right from 1956 to till
date have failed to protect the interests of Telangana. Telangana did not
get its rightful share in the administrative machinery and distribution of
resources, mainly water, Power, Jobs and Revenues. Telangana virtually
turned into an internal colony to Andhra and the people of Telangana have
been marginalized in all spheres of life. In the passage of time for past 54
years, it has been our bitter experience any attempt to solve the problem
has proved a futile exercise in as much as the representation of the
Seemandras in Assembly (175 MLA’s) has been prevailing as our
representation in Assembly is minuscule (119 MLA’s), so is in the case of
beurocracy as well as in Judicial. Whenever people of Telangana
demanded for separate State they were offered Formulae, Committees,
Ministerial berths to the political leaders and suppressed the agitations.
The apprehensions of SRC as expressed then has now become a reality.
Now the people of Telangana want a separate state of Telangana and
nothing short of a separate State will satisfy them.
At this juncture, the people of Telangana just want liberation from the
colonial rule of Andhra. Until this is achieved, the aspirations of Telangana
will not die and movement will continue since the aspirations are related to
their land self respect and self rule. The experience of 53 years of
combined State of Andhra Pradesh has proved beyond doubt that justice
would not be done to the people of Telangana. The continuance of State of
Andhra Pradesh will lead to permanent social unrest in Telangana Region
in particular and in the State in General.
In view of the above historical background and the existing situations, we
earnestly request the Hon’ble Committee to recommend the formation of
Telangana State, with Hyderabad as its Capital, thus facilitate to fulfill the
long pending democratic aspiration of Telangana people.
---
Demand
for
Telangana State
VOLUME – III
EMPLOYMENT
(State Govt. Services)
Demand
for
Telangana State
VOLUME - IV
POWER
POWER SECTOR
Details are furnished in the enclosed note which is divided into five parts.
POWER SECTOR
The report is divided into 5 parts.
Second Part deals with injustices done to Telangana region in the matters of
employment. Power sector creates many opportunities for employment for the
unemployed youth in generation, transmission and distribution segments of
power sector. Thus setting up of generating stations, transmission and
distribution networks not only solves the problems of power availability and
shortages to the people but also the solves the problem of unemployment,
which is one of the main problems faced by the society. Each major
generating station requires thousands of employees and corresponding
transmission and distribution networks require even more number of
employees. Thus the policies of the government in creation of power
infrastructure play very important role in creation of employment to various
regions. A detailed account as to how the Andhra rulers have discriminated
Telangana region in making appointments to the key posts like Chairmen,
members of the erstwhile APSEB and also in the post reform era for the
various Director posts in the successor entities of APSEB viz, APGENCO,
APTRANSCO and four Distribution Companies. It also discusses in detail
how Telangana region lost thousands of job opportunities for its unemployed
youth due to discrimination and complete neglect of this region. Also
Presidential order of 1975, which gives reservations to local youth, is not
implemented for 34 years up to 2009. This has an adverse impact on job
opportunities for Telangana youth.
Third part shows how Andhra Rulers have not only systematically exploited,
discriminated and neglected Telangana power sector and on the other hand
started spreading wrong information regarding power sector to give an
impression that Telanagana region is the major beneficiary due to the
formation of combined state of Andhra Pradesh. Protagonists of
“Samaikyandhra” mainly focus on (i) Tariff Subsidies and (ii) Percapita
consumption in Telangana region in support of their argument. But all these
arguments are baseless. A detailed analysis is given in this part proving that
all these claims of Andhra rulers are wrong.
Fifth Part tries to present a picture as to how the power sector would have
looked like in Telangana region, if it remained a separate without merging with
Andhra State in 1956. The state would have been power surplus and revenue
surplus even after extending 24 hours power supply to rural areas and
increasing the supply hours to Agriculture from 7 to 9 hours.
*****
Part-I
Prior to the formation of Andhra Pradesh in 1956, Telangana region was part
of Hyderabad state and Andhra was part of Madras state. Hyderabad State
Electricity Department which served Telangana region was established in the
year 1910. The first place to get electricity in Hyderabad was palace of Nizam
in 1909. A 10KW diesel set was installed in Hyderabad for supplying
electricity to the king’s palaces. The Hussain sagar bund was electrified in
October, 1913. Street electrification work in and around Hyderabad was
started in the same month. By December 1915, electricity was provided on
Residency roads. At about the same time, a programme of expansion was
taken up to generate electric power at Aurangabad, Nanded (now in
Maharashtra), Raichur, Gulbarga (Now in Karnataka), Nizamabad and
Warangal. By the end of First World War, there were altogether 12 main and
feeder lines and 50 substations. The total number of consumers was 3238.
Power was supplied to 59 water pumps, 159 flour, rice, dal and oil mills, two
X-ray apparatus, 14 mortar mills, two ice factories, 67 motors for other works
and 7 cinema halls. The Hyderabad Eectricity Act came into being in 1938-39.
By this time Hyderabad could claim to be one of the best illuminated cities of
India. The first out door substation was constructed at Toli Chowki. The power
sector in the state grew steadily thereafter. The first hydro-electric project in
Hyderabad state was built at a cost of Rs 225 Lakhs was inaugurated on
January 27, 1955 at Nizamsagar about 110 miles from the state capital. This
project constituted the first phase of the power development of the Manjira
river, a tributary of the Gadavari. It provided 15000 KW of electricity to
supplement power supply to the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad.
Till then, the twin cities were getting power from Hussain sagar Thermal
station. The Azamabad Thermal Power Station which was also known as
Ramagundam Thermal Station and Godavari Valley Thermal Power Station
which was built during 1953-56 first envisaged a steam power station of
37500 KW capacity at Ramagundam in Karimnagar district. The total cost of
the project was estimated at Rs 406 Lakhs.
During this time, the consumers in Telangana region were supplied power
mainly from diesel power stations. There were about 95 diesel power stations
in Telangana region. These were located at Ibrahimpatnam, Gajwel,
Sangareddy, Jogipet, Sankarpalli, Vikarabad, Sadasivapet, Zaheerabad,
Aligoal, Narayanpet, Gadval, Deverakonda, Maktal, Kodangal, Tandur,
Shadnagar, Parigi, Nizamabad, Armoor, Banswada, Bodhan, Kamareddy,
Jagityal, Metpalli, Siricilla, Parkal, Mulug, Narsampet, Jangaon, Nalgonda,
Khammam, Suryapet, Miryalaguda, Mahaboobabad, Medchel, Adilabad,
Nirmal, Utnoor etc,.
From the above it is clear that city of Hyderabad was well developed even
from power sector point of view much before Andhra people get to know what
electricity is. Present claims of Andhra rulers that they are responsible for the
development of Hyderabad city is without any basis.
Ref. (APSEB
S. No. Name of the Project Location District Capacity Adm. Report)
Across river
Pranahita Hydro Electric
2 Pranahita, a tributary Adilabad 280 MW 1966-67
Scheme
of Godavari
Inchampally Hydro
3 Across Godavari Karimnagar 600 MW 1966-67
Electric Scheme
Singareddy Hydro
4 Electric Scheme: Across Godavari Warangal 192 MW 1966-67
Dummagudem
Total 4617 MW
‘*’ Annexure-2
This project uses Natural gas as primary fuel. Project requires 8MCMD of
natural gas. The gas required for the project was supposed to be procured
from the KG basin through a dedicated spur pipe line from the main pipe line
near Shamirpet, which is about 110Km from the project site. The first unit was
supposed to be completed within 27 months and the balance two units at 3
months intervals.
The commissioning of this project would help the Telangana region a great
deal as it creates huge employment opportunities and solves the power crisis
and low voltage problems faced by this region.
Although all clearances are available this project could not be taken up due to
lack of firm allocation of natural gas for this project. APPDCL invited tenders
for this project, but due to non availability of firm allocation of gas, the tenders
have been postponed. Though huge reserves of natural gas are available in
KG basin shear neglect of Andhra rulers has led to this situation. Andhra
capitalists, led by Sri Lagadapati Rajagopal, lobbied for allocation of natural
gas for their projects and obtained allocation of natural gas for their own
selfish needs. A total of 7000 MW capacity power projects, owned entirely by
Andhra capitalists, are under pipeline, all of which use natural gas from KG
basin, but not a single gas project is taken up by APGENCO. This is done
only to favour Andhra capitalists. These Andhra capitalists feel that if natural
gas is allocated to Karimnagar project, their projects may not get natural gas
allocation.
All this and neglect of rulers led to a situation where APGENCO is forced to
take up the project with expensive imported R-LNG (Regasified-Liquified
Natural Gas) as fuel. With R-LNG as fuel generation cost is very high and it
would be impossible to find financier for this project. If at all this project
materializes, the entire burden has to be transferred on to the consumers.
In its eagerness to show that they are serious about the project, Government
of AP laid foundation stone for this project on 14 th February, 2010 for 700 MW
unit. But government has not disclosed the details of financing agency, fuel
supplier, cost of generation and whether the infrastructure is created for entire
2100 MW or not. Government says once it starts the project it may likely to
get gas allocation from MOP & NG, GOI. But if such is the case which
supplier of LNG would come forward to supply fuel knowing fully well that the
fuel supply agreement will any way be cancelled.
It is clear to many that this project would not materialize and the foundation
stone already laid will remain so as a symbol of neglect of Andhra rulers and
greed of ‘Samaikyandhra’ capitalists.
It is also to be mentioned that East-West gas pipe line carrying gas from KG
Basin to the western India passes through Telengana. But this Telengana
project will not get any gas from this source!
Genco called for global tenders to fix up the mine operator cum developer.
Singareni Corporation (SCCL) also participated in the bid. However Genco
imposed new conditions during the price bid stage which were not acceptable
to SCCL and hence SCCL decided not to participate in the price bids. This
paved way for certain Andhra contractors to grab the contract. Now people of
Telangana allege that Andhra rulers have systematically included certain
conditions at price bid stage to boot out SCCL from the fray only to help
Andhra Contractors.
We have seen how projects supposed to have been built in Telangana region
have been shifted to Andhra region and how many identified potential projects
in Telangana region have not been taken up. Here is a story how a highly
potential location in Telangana region for power generation is being doled out
to Private parties ignoring the interests of people of this region.
During mid 1990’s Government of AP invited bids for setting up generation
stations by the private parties at pre-identified locations. The power generated
from these projects would be sold to APSEB and necessary Power Purchase
Agreement (PPA) would be entered between the selected bidder and APSEB.
There was no activity for many years but recently efforts to revive the project
have begun. BPL made a proposal to the Government of AP stating that it
would confine the levelised tariff at Rs 1.79 per unit and consequently reduce
the capital cost from Rs 2650 cr to Rs 2475 crore. Government agreed BPL’s
proposal and directed APTRANSCO to revive the PPA with BPL.
Subsequently Energy Department issued G.O.Ms. No. 51 dt: 09-10-2009
(Annexure- 3) increasing the capacity of the project from 520 MW to 600 MW.
However the above G.O. conveniently ignores the proposal made by M/s BPL
about its intent to limit the levelised tariff to Rs 1.79/unit. There are allegations
that the Government has intentionally ignored the limits on levelised tariff only
to favour the developer. Without such a limitation on levelised tariff there is
every possibility that the price of power could be very high through several
manipulations. It is learnt that Government is pushing very hard to get the
consent of PPA from APERC for the revised conditions.
It is important to note that proposed project by M/s BPL is a pit head plant.
There is no need to revive this project under the BPL Company and
Government should take all steps to handover this project to APGENCO.
Handing over of this project to APGENCO has several advantages. Cost of
generation by APGENCO will be very low and thereby burden on consumers
will be less. Also APGENCO being Government Company, it would create
employment opportunities to thousands of unemployed youth of Telangana
region. It is a clear case of willful neglect of Telangana region by Andhra
rulers.
In fact at the time of cancellation of the PPA with BPL in the year 2000 the
GoAP declared that this project would be handed over to APGENCO. And
after a six year wait it is again going to BPL against the interest of the people
of Telangana.
Nagarjunasagar Tail pond dam got its environmental clearance in 1983. But
the Government of AP and APSEB influenced by Andhra political leaders
have not completed the tail pond dam till date. The reason behind this is a
sole motive of letting out water to Krishna delta in the name of power
generation from Nagarjunasagar reservoir. This is for irrigating the second
and third crops in Krishna delta, whereas the farmers under Nagarjunasagar
are suffering for water needed even for their first crop. If the tail pond dam is
constructed they can not take water to the Krishna delta in the name of power
generation. So there was abnormal delay in the construction of Tail pond dam
and this water could never be restored to Nagarjunasagar dam.
While this was the situation Andhra rulers from time to time issued orders for
release of waters from KSP to Dhavaleshwaram to serve the agricultural
needs of Andhra people. One such instance was that on 29-01-2001 the
Principal Secretary (I&CAD) sent a note to the Principal Secretary (Energy)
requesting for release of 1 TMC of water from KSP from 01-02-2001 to 22-02-
2001 apart from stepping up water releases from 4,500 Cusecs to 5,000
Cusecs from Sileru basin for the crops of Godavari Delta. This practice
continued year after year and even in the year 2008 entire waters of KSP was
released to Dhavaleswaram to satisfy the greed of Andhra politicians risking
the entire generation from KTPS. The result is that the water now available in
KSP is sufficient to run KTPS only upto May, 2010. Alarmed by the situation,
APGENCO and Government of AP are now spending huge amounts to divert
waters from Godavari to KSP.
This story clearly brings out how interests of telangana farmers and entire
region have been sacrificed to satisfy a few souls in Andhra region.
It is interesting to note that while Substations for LISs of Andhra region are
being executed by APTRANSCO itself, most of the substations for LISs of
Telangana region are executed by Irrigation department. It is not clear why
irrigation department was entrusted with the job of construction of sub-stations
for Telangana LISs which doesn’t possess expertise in construction of sub-
stations.
The Details of sub-station works for Lift Irrigation Schemes in Telangana and
Andhra regions and their present status is given in the following paragraphs.
1.1.3.4.1.1. Lift Irrigation Schemes in Mahabubnagar (Telangana Region):
Total Amount
Amount to Balance to
released
Sl. Name of the Name of the be paid to be paid to
so far to
No. Scheme Substations Transco Transco (Rs
Transco
in Cr)
(Rs in Cr) (Rs. in Cr)
The above mentioned substations are under execution for more than five
years and not even one substation is commissioned till today i.e., 3-3-2010.
Government is not bothered to complete and commission these substations
and more over against the total amount of Rs. 159.72 Cr, Government has so
released only Rs. 16.47 Cr over a period of five long years. In addition to the
scarcity of funds, there are certain technical bottle necks such as terminal
arrangements in three (Sl. Nos. 1, 3 and 4) of the above schemes were totally
neglected by Transco and Government. Unless the bottle necks are cleared
three (Sl. Nos. 1, 3 and 4) of the above said schemes cannot be
commissioned.
There are six EHV substations in Karimnagar which are contemplated under
Sripada Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme (Popularly known as Yellampalli Lift
Irrigation Scheme). These substations are at Yellampalli, Gangadhara,
Vemnur, Medaram, Kodimial and Narsingapur. The phrase ‘Yellampalli Lift
Irrigation Project’ is being heard since more than three years. But ironically
the works only at Yellampalli substation are under progress and works at
Gangadhara, Vemnur and Medaram, are not at all commenced so far. And
God only knows when the tenders for Kodimial and Narsingapur substations
will be called. Against a total cost of Rs. 189.36 Cr Government was kind
enough to release Rs. 106.95 Cr over a period of three years and no one
knows when the balance Rs. 82.41 Cr will be released.
1.1.3.4.1.3. Lift Irrigation Schemes in Kurnool and Anantapur (Andhra
Region):
There are eight EHV substations in Kurnool and two EHV substations in
Anantapur under Hundri Neeva Sujala Sravanthi Lift Irrigation Scheme. These
substations are at Dhone, Malyal, Brahmanakotkur, Krishnagiri,
Lakkasagaram, Kambalapadu, Settipalli and Nansurala in Kurnool and
Regulapadu and Ankampalli in Anatapur. Works at all the places are
commenced and in most of the places works are nearing completion. The
scheme was just initiated in 2007 and in a span of three years all the ten
substations will be commissioned. Thanks, to the Government, for their close
monitoring of the projects. Against a total cost of Rs. 367.33 Cr Government
was kind enough to release Rs. 360.00 Cr in a single stroke.
There are six EHV substations in Kadapa under Galeru Nagari-Chitravathi Lift
Irrigation Scheme. These substations are at GKLIS, Kondapuram,
Thimmapuram, Yellanur, Gaddamvaripalli and Goddumarri. Works at all the
places are commenced and in most of the places works are nearing
completion. The scheme was just initiated in 2007 and in a span of three
years all the substations will be commissioned. Against a total cost of Rs.
200.26 Cr Government was kind enough to release total amount in a single
stroke.
After reading the above said facts and figures one need not ask for more
proofs to state that Government is clearly biased towards Andhra region, and
Telangana region is completely neglected. In Telangana region the works are
at snail’s pace and funds are not released even though they are small
amounts. Government is closely monitoring the projects and has released full
funds for the projects in Andhra region.
High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS) aims at the replacement of the low
voltage network and installation of large number of smaller capacity 11KV/400
V transformers viz. 25 kVA and 16kVA for supply to agricultural consumers.
This system is best suited to meet the scattered low-density loads, observed
in the rural areas in India. The benefits of implementation of HVDS are many.
% total Expenditure
No of HVDS services incurred
Agricultural implemented % of Total
Region selected in (Rs. in
services as on expenditure
services each crores)
31-03-2009
region
It can be seen that only 12.70% of total services in Telangana region are so
far covered under HVDS shceme, whereas 33.80% of total services are
covered in Andhra region. This has clearly resulted in higher allocations to
Andhra region. Andhra region got 73.1% of the total funds released so far
under this scheme, clearly indicating the discrimination against Telangana
region.
It can be seen that 75% of the total households electrified are in Andhra
region.
1.1.3.4.4. RGGVY:
Funds released by REC far under this programme clearly reflect the progress
achieved in Andhra and Telangana regions under this program.
Total 467.59
It can be seen that Telangana region got only 29.5% of the funds released
under this scheme so far indicating total neglect of this region.
Departmental stores are required near the substations & Lines for storing
spares and consumables etc for carrying out break down and preventive
maintenance works with in minimum possible time so as to enable to minimize
power supply interruptions to consumers and to avoid tripping. Following is
the status of availability of stores in Andhra and Telangana regions in
APTRANSCO.
Hyderabad Rural
Kadiyam 1 Karnool 1 - NIL -
TL&SS Zone
Boommur 1 - - - -
Gunadala 1 - - - -
Total Total
7 1
13 districts per 10 districts
From the above table, it is clear that 7 stores are available in Andhra region
whereas only one store exists in Telangana region. The only store that is
found in Hyderabad metro zone was established 50 years ago. There is no
addition of Stores in Telangana in these 50 years. Not even a single store
exists in Warangal/ APTRANSCO/ TL&SS/ Zone and Hyderabad /Rural/
APTRANSCO Zone covering 9 districts. Even the single store that exists in
Hyderabad is slowly being converted into scrap. Following are the main
disadvantages of non availability of stores in Telangana.
ANDHRA TELENGANA
No. of
No. of Hot No. of Hot
Name of the Hot line Name of the
line sub- Name of the Zone line sub-
Zone sub- Zone
division division
division
Vijayawada
0 Warangal Tl&Ss Zone 0
Zone
Nellore 1 No. Ramagundam 1 No.
Vijayawada 1 No.
Hot line sub-divisions are required in APTRANSCO for carrying out works at
sub-station and lines during supply of power and equipment in charged
condition to avoid power supply interruptions. From the above table it can be
seen that only 2 sub-divisions are existing in Telangana region against 7 sub-
divisions in Andhra region. This is resulting in poor quality of supply and more
interruptions in Telangana region. Employment opportunities are also affected
due to non-creation of additional sub-divisions. This goes to show that
management of APTRANSCO dominated by Andhra employees in senior
cadres are to the needs of Telangana region.
Sheer discrimination:
While the total demand for power in Telangana region is about 54% the
infrastructure available for maintaining is insignificant and shows total
disregard to the needs of the region. Out of total number of 8 stores in the
state there is only one store in Telangana. Out of total number of 9 hot line
subdivisions in the state there are only 2 hot line subdivisions in Telangana
The main reason for including Kurnool and Ananthapur districts of Andhra
region into APCPDCL was that this would provide a way for Andhra People to
enter into key administrative and managerial positions. As expected almost all
the directors and Chairmen of APCPDCL appointed since the formation of the
company belonged to Andhra region. Only recently, when the demand for
Telangana reached its pinnacle, Andhra rulers tried to assuage the feelings of
Telangana people by appointing two directors from Telangana region in the
month of January, 2010. This has also allowed many employees belonging to
Andhra region to find their way to Hyderabad pushing aside employees
belonging to the Telangana region.
APCPDCL 43.48
APEPDCL 16.70
APSPDCL 22.90
APNPDCL 16.92
It can be seen that the demand for energy of APCPDCL is more than double
when compared to any of the other three DISCOMS. This has resulted in
many problems for the consumers of the Company in terms of quality of
service. The spirit of reform process was thrown to winds by Andhra rulers for
their insatiable greed for power.
While all APGENCO projects are known for their outstanding performance, it
is a sad fact that many times Kothagudem Thermal Power Plant was
deliberately backed down (resulting in lower PLF) without consideration for
merit order of generating stations just to get meritorious awards to projects
located in Andhra region. Though this trend has changed in recent years after
setting up of electricity regulatory commissions, yet some instances can be
quoted to show the bias of Andhra rulers to the projects located in their
region. One such example is that, in the year 2007 Government of AP issued
a direction to APGENCO not to back down RTPP, located in Andhra region,
under any circumstances. Though APGENCO is not responsible for deciding
the implementation of merit order of running its plant, this act of Government
clearly shows utter disregard of the Andhra rulers to the efficient functioning of
the sector and burden on the consumers on account of such acts.
Under Constn/
5936 25 17568 75 23504
Development
MW % MW %
Max Demand as on
5481 52 5091 48 10572
05-03-2010
It can be seen that existing installed capacity in Telangana region is only 34%
of total installed capacity, whereas the restricted demand stands at 52%
resulting in huge demand supply gap. Main reason for this shortfall is that
several projects planned in this region were shifted to Andhra region and coal
reserves of Telangana are used for power generation for these shifted plants.
Most of the installed capacity in the Telangana region comes from Hydel
projects which were taken up primarily to cater to the needs of Andhra region.
Also construction is not taken up at many potential locations in Telangana
region for many decades leading to power crisis and low voltage problems in
this region.
*****
Part-II
Power sector creates many opportunities for employment for the unemployed
youth in generation, transmission and distribution segments of power sector.
Thus setting up of generating stations, transmission and distribution networks
not only solves the problems of power availability and shortages to the people
but also the solves the problem of unemployment, which is one of the main
problems faced by the society. Each major generating station requires
thousands of employees and corresponding transmission and distribution
networks require even more number of employees. Thus the policies of the
government in creation of power infrastructure play very important role in
creation of employment to various regions.
Andhra Pradesh Electricity Department was established in the year 1956 after
the formation of Andhra Pradesh with the merger of Hyderabad State
Electricity Department and Andhra State Electricity Department. Subsequently
the Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board (APSEB) was established on 01-
04-1959 as per orders of Government of AP in GO.Ms No. 722 PW dt 30-03-
1959, in terms of Section 5 of Electricity Supply Act, 1948. APSEB existed for
four decades until it was unbundled into two companies- APGENCO and
APTRANSCO, on 01-02-1999. Subsequently APTRANSCO was further
unbundled in to APTRANSCO and four Distribution companies (DISCOMS),
namely, Andhra Pradesh Central Power Distribution Company Limited
(APCPDCL), Andhra Pradesh Eastern Power Distribution Company Limited
(APEPDCL), Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited
(APSPDCL) and Andhra Pradesh Northern Power Distribution Company
Limited (APNPDCL) during April, 2000. Function and jurisdiction of each of
the DISCOMs is given in the following table.
The APSEB was run by its Board Members headed by Chairman and were
appointed by the state Government. Board members, particularly Chairman of
the Board, played very important role in providing policy advice to the state
government, taking key decisions regarding planning and development of
power sector and running the day to day activities of the Electricity Board.
Thus the composition of Board members representing various regions gives a
fair indication about to the intentions of various Governments in developing
the power sector in various regions of Andhra Pradesh in an equitable
manner or not.
It can be seen that Chairmen appointed to the APSEB from Telangana region
served only for a duration of 22.20 % out of the total duration. The duration of
service of Chairmen of Telangana region after separate Andhra movement of
1972 from 1974-99 is Nil. This insignificant representation of Telangana
people at the highest level is due the fact that the Andhra rulers have further
strengthened their hold on State government after 1972.
From the above table it is clear that even in the appointment of members of
APSEB, discrimination against Telangana is clear. Only 15.20% of total
directors appointed so far belong to Telangana region, who served for a
period of 14.0% of the total period, which is a clear indication of discrimination
against Telangana.
Telangana Quota in % as
60% 70% 80%
per Presidential Order
Executive Non-Executive
Category of Posts O&M Posts Total
Posts Posts
Thus the total number of posts lost by Telangana region is 3806 excluding
NTPC Ramagundam plant. A rough estimate of posts lost due to transfer of
RTS to NTPS for Telangana is about 3000. Thus 7800 Telangana families
have lost employement because of biased attitude of Andhra rulers.
The total capacity lost by Telangana Region is 4617 MW. Assuming 0.8 nos.
per MW for Hydel Stations and 1 person per MW for Gas based power plant,
total loss of employment for Telangana is 3,300 (75% of total employment
potential of 4,400).
The Presidential order, 1975 for implementation of Six Point Formula was
never implemented in the right direction. The entire Government machinery
was used to benefit the people from Andhra region. Sensing another agitation
in Telangana, Government issued G.O. Ms.No. 610 dated: 30-09-1985.
Though the Presidential Order was issued in 1975, it was never implemented
in erstwhile APSEB. Even the successor entities of APSEB were reluctant to
implement the Presidential order. However pressure from the movement for
Telangana state forced the power utilities to implement Presidential order
from the year 2009 onwards +-, but in a limited way, that too with so many
distortions. Non implementation of Presidential Order for 34 years has
resulted in loss of many of jobs to Telangana youth. However there is no effort
from power utilities to identify the posts lost by Telangana youth due to non-
implementation of Presidential Order and undo the injustice meted out for
many decades.
Class of % of
Telangana Andhra
Employee Telangana
Class-I 21 99 17.5
GENCO
Class-II 133 155 46.2
Class-I 40 90 30.8
TRANSCO
Class-II 104 156 40.0
Class-I 33 28 54.1
Class-III 47 36 56.6
* Details at Annexure-16
** Details at Annexure-17
% of
Generating Station Class of Employee Telangana Andhra
Telangana
Class-I 1 12 7.7
KTPP
Class-II 59 16 78.7
Class-I 10 25 28.6
KTPS V&VI
Class-II 121 84 59.0
Class-I 16 36 30.8
KTPS(O&M)
Class-II 275 169 61.9
Class-I 2 5 28.6
NSHES Engnrs
Class-II 54 57 48.6
Class-I 1 4 20.0
PJHEP
Class-II 14 16 46.7
Class-I 0 3 0.0
LJHEP
Class-II 7 6 53.8
Class-I 6 12 33.3
SLBHES
Class-II 28 31 47.5
In all the above tables most of the employees who are counted against
Telangana region are settlers in Telangana region who have migrated from
Andhra region violating the Mulki rules which were part of Gentlemen’s
agreement, 1956. If this factor is also taken into consideration injustice done
to Telangana people will be unimaginable.
Andhra rulers have found innovative methods to grab and divert the posts
meant for Telangana people. In the last decade government has stopped
creation of new posts in certain companies for certain categories of posts
even when there was dire need to create additional posts. However
Governments insisted that they are ready to create additional posts if some of
the existing posts in lower cadres are suppressed so that there would not be
any financial burden on the Government. This has resulted in suppression of
number of lower cadre posts which are lying vacant, particularly in Telangana
region, and creation of additional posts in higher cadres. As Presidential
Order is not applicable for most of the higher cadres this has resulted in loss
of many job opportunities for Telangana people. Details of suppressed posts
in APGENCO during 2008 are given below. (Annex-20)
Suppression of Posts
Suppressed (610
10 235 204
Applicable)
The SPV in the name of Andhra Pradesh Power Development Company Ltd
(APPDCL) is set up as Joint Venture Company of APGENCO and
Infrastructure Leasing & Financial services (IL&FS), which commenced the
Developmental works of the Project with effect from 1st March,2006. There
are many allegations that recruitments are taking place in APPDCL without
following any procedure. It is learnt that employees are recruited on
outsourcing basis through contract system. Almost all the employees are from
Andhra region only.
APERC was established in the year 1999 as per the Andhra Pradesh
Electricity Reform Act 1998 as part of the reform process initiated in the
Power Sector. This organization requires people having expertise in various
fields at higher levels. However to provide assistance to senior level officers
several junior level posts like Typists, attenders, clerks and other posts like
watchmen, security people are required.
It is unfortunate that almost all the posts in APERC are filled up with people
from Andhra region, that too without any competitive examination for
recruiting these people. Initially these people are taken on outsourcing basis
through contractors and later on their services were regularized. APERC
ignored Presidential order and even the reservations guaranteed by
Constitution of India to underprivileged sections are ignored by the APERC.
Part-III
3.1.1. Shift from Differential Bulk Supply Tariff (D-BST) to Uniform Bulk
Supply Tariff (U-BST):
Prior to unbundling, erstwhile APSEB used to generate and supply electricity
to the consumers of the state. If there was any shortfall in energy, it used to
purchase energy from other sources like Central Generating Stations, Private
generators, other State Electricity Boards and supply to consumers. For this
APSEB used to enter into long term Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) with
the suppliers of power.
APSEB was unbundled into six corporations with the passage of reforms act
namely APGENCO, APTRANSCO and Four Discoms. At the time of
unbundling Government of AP, through first transfer scheme, had declared
APTRANSCO as the main successor entity for erstwhile APSEB. With this all
the PPAs were transferred to APTRANSCO from APSEB. Thus APTRANSCO
was purchasing power from various sources and sell the power to 4
DISCOMS at a rate known as Differential Bulk Supply Tariff (D-BST). While
fixing D-BST, Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (APERC)
used to take consumer profile of each Discom into account. Thus Discoms
with higher agricultural and domestic consumers (i.e. low paying capacity
consumers) were having lower D-BST compared to other Discoms. This had
resulted in uniform allocation of Government subsidy among all the Discoms.
However Government of India has enacted Electricity Act 2003 and it came
into force from 10-06-2003. One of the important provisions of Electricity Act
2003 is that it prohibits APTRANSCO from trading of electricity. That means
APTRANSCO can not buy and sell electricity but it should limit its activities to
transmission of electricity only. Accordingly APTRANSCO transferred all
PPAs under its control to four DISCOMS on 09-06-2005. Thereafter Discoms
started purchasing electricity directly from Generating stations as per the
terms and conditions of respective PPAs.
DISCOMS
Generating capacity
APCPDCL 43.48
APEPDCL 16.70
APSPDCL 22.90
APNPDCL 16.92
Total 100
Though everything looked okay to the normal eye, this in effect has
significantly changed the price at which each DISCOM gets its share of
electricity. The principle of pricing shifted from Differential BST to Uniform
BST. Thus there was sudden jump in the purchase price of electricity for
DISCOMS where agricultural consumption was high. NPDCL had to bear the
brunt of this change in policy. Suddenly there was quantum jump in the
figures of subsidy shown against NPDCL.
An illustration is given below to show the impact of shift from Differential BST
to uniform BST:
BST is allowed
It can be seen from the above table that if uniform BST is allowed highest
beneficiary would be EPDCL with 14.71% reduction in power purchase costs
and on the other side highest loser would be NPDCL with 31.33% additional
burden on power purchase costs. This is the main reason one finds higher
subsidy allocation to NPDCL in the recent Tariff orders.
If it was decided not to consider consumer mix while deciding power purchase
price of DISCOMS, it would have been logical to consider the location of
generating plants for allocation of PPAs. Generating plants with cheaper
generating costs are located in Telangana region, and costly private and non-
conventional plants are located in Andhra region. Transfer of burden of costly
power plants on Telangana region increased power purchase costs for this
region and this allowed government to artificially show higher subsidy to
Telangana region. To this extent burden on DISCOMS in Andhra region got
reduced. Average generating costs in Telangana and Andhra regions is given
in the following table.
Telangana 1.83
Andhra 2.38
The above statement can be easily be verified from the fact that in places
where agricultural connections are negligible, T&D losses are found to be very
high.
Annexure-22
It can be seen from the above that the agricultural connections in Hyderabad
is negligible when compared to total connections in CPDCL. This has forced
APCPDCL to declare actual quantum of T&D losses in Hyderabad district as
tampering with metered consumption is very difficult. On the other hand as the
number of connections is high in other districts, CPDCL has increased the
agricultural consumption only to show that their T&D losses are within
permissible limits.
It is clear from the above illustrations that the actual agricultural consumption
is very less when compared to the figures projected by the Discoms. Thus the
actual subsidy required for agricultural sector is significantly less. Utilities
have to improve their performance to reduce the T&D losses.
Telangana+
APCPDCL 3322621 6235
Anantapur&Kurnool
APNPDCL 2918554 3055 Telangana
Annexure-23
Connected % Agl.
Connected Agricultural
Region Load % of Remarks
Load (KVA) Consumption Consumption
Total Load
Anantapur
Andhra 4854534 47.12 5838 41.4 &Kurnool
including
Anantapur &
Telangana 5447415 52.87 8230 58.6 Kurnool
deducted
It can be seen from the above that with connected load of 47.12% Andhra
region’s consumption is 41.4%, where as with 52.87% connected load,
Telangana agricultural consumption is shown as 58.6%, which is obviously on
higher side. This is irrational because, with supply hours to agriculture limited
only to 7 hrs, all the farmers will use their pumpsets whenever power supply is
given. Hence Agricultural consumption should be more or less proportional to
connected loads in all the regions. If Consumption in Andhra region is taken
as the basis, the % consumption in Telangana region should be around 46.45
% instead of 58.60% shown by the Discoms. And thus Consumption in
Telangana region should be around 6535 mu and not 8230 mu shown. Thus
the actual ‘subsidy’ required is lower than what is projected by the Discoms.
2008-09
Sl. Industrial
District (Including
No Domestic Agricultural All Categories
cottage
and H.T)
ANDHRA PRADESH
(Including Captive 140 195 255 746
Generation)
From the above table it can be seen that the per capita consumption of
electricity of AP is 746 units and for Telangana region comprising of
APCPDCL and APNPDCL PCC is 932 and 639 respectively, whereas for
Andhra region consisting of APEPDCL and APSPDCL per capita consumption
is 506units and 542 units respectively. Based on this some people argue that
PCC of electricity in Telangana region. But this is not true.
This is because even though overall PCC appears to be high in Telangana
region, actual standards of living of people is reflected by not the overall
power consumption, but PCC of domestic sector which clearly reflects the real
development in Telangana people.
While average PCC for domestic sector in AP is 126 units, PCC of domestic
sector in Telangana region is much lower in many of its districts. PCC of
domestic sector in 8 Telangana districts is summarized below:
Average PCC of
Domestic Sector in
PCC of Domestic
Region AP (Excluding % Excess or Less
sector
Hyderabad and
Rangareddy)
Telangana
Part-IV
How the Slogan of ‘Samaikyandhra’ helping Capitalists
In the All Party Meeting held on December 7 th 2009, all the political Parties
have unequivocally assured that they would support the motion for Separate
Telangana State, if it is placed in the AP Legislative Assembly. And on
December 8th 2009 all major political parties including BJP have expressed
their willingness in the Parliament to form Separate Telangana State and the
BJP assured that it will support the Bill if it is tabled in the Parliament. In the
early hours of December 9th 2009, in the midnight at about 11.35 pm the
Central Government declared that it would initiate the process for the long
awaited dream of the people of Telangana for a separate Telangana State.
And that according to Article (3) of the Constitution of India there is no need
for the State Assembly (AP) to pass a resolution for a separate State. Only a
Draft may be sent to the Assembly for its opinion. There need not be any
voting on it. It is a formality to seek Assembly’s opinion. It is at this crucial
juncture the bristling of the capitalists started. Some vested interests,
Capitalists, and few leaders started an artificial agitation in their respective
areas, in the name of Unified Andhra. And irrespective of their parties the
political leaders of the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema sparked a
movement for United Andhra. Their interest in sparking this movement is to
protect their investments, ill gotten wealth and maintain political supremacy
through money power. They are least bothered about the welfare of people of
Andhra Region or Telangana Region. Wielding the mask of United Andhra
they are attempting to perpetuate unified robbing. They do not want to forego
their hold on the natural wealth of the unified state. This could be clearly
understood from a cursory look at the following facts.
The well known Capitalist of the State Mr. Lagadapati Rajagopal, has a 359
MW Lanco Power Project at Kondapalli, Vijayawada. And the State Power
Sector is paying LANCO a huge sum of around Rs. 330 Crores per annum
towards Fixed Costs even if a single unit is not generated there. This fixed
cost should not have been more than Rs. 250 Crores i.e. about Rs. 80 crores
of peoples money is being paid to LANCO every year through deceitful
means. How is it possible?
GVK Power is another flabby giant in the state in the hands of Capitalists. It is
a project at Jegurupadu of East Godavari District. In the name of reforms this
project was snatched from the basket of APGENCO. In fact this project was
originally to be developed by APGENCO who carried out initial surveys, got
various necessary permissions / clearances from competent authorities, and
acquired the required land also. APGENCO has planned the project with a
capacity of 400 MW at a cost of Rs. 516 Crores. But the Project in midway
was given away to M/s GVK Power an establishment again owned by a
Capitalist from Andhra Region. After acquiring the GVK Project they reduced
the installed capacity from 400 MW to 216 MW and instead of reducing the
cost of the project relatively, they constructed the project at a whopping cost
of Rs. 816 Crores. This very adjustment shows how corrupt are the issues
concerning this Project. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India has
castigated M/s GVK Power on the issue. (CAG report-2002)
One more leader who has been strongly supporting the united Andhra slogan
is none other than sri. T. Subbirami Reddy. In 1990 the APGENCO had
planned to construct a thermal project of 1000 M.W. at Krishanapatnam in
Nellore Dist. For this purpose, nearly 1800 acres of land was acquired from
innocent and poor farmers. On the pretext of reforms this project was
transferred to M/s.Reliance Co. But yielding to massive objections raised by
the people, the Govt.of AP announced that the land has been again taken
back from M/s Reliance and being handed over to APGENCO. But for
reasons unknown, one fine day, the Govt. of AP issued a G.O stating that this
total land has been allotted (bestowed) to Sri.T.Subbirami Reddy’s
M/s.Thermal Power Tech Corporation of India (Annexure-24). No leader from
Andhra raised a voice on this issue. This shows that the Andhra lobby is
united in robbing the State and in order to hide their nefarious designs they
are inciting the common people of their region with false propaganda about
loss of employment opportuities. They are more concerned about loss of their
hold on natural resources of the state than about employment opportunities of
common people.
It may be noted that all the Power Projects under Private Sector in AP
are established in the Andhra Region and are in the hands of Andhraits only.
All projects like, GVK, Gowthami, Vemagiri, Konaseema, Spectrum etc. are
located in Andhra Region. Out of 2750 MW Gas based projects not a single
project is located in Telangana Region. The above fact is enough to
understand the selfish tendency of the leaders of Andhra Region, and how
they have been exploiting the resources of the State to their absolute favor at
the cost of people of the other regions of the State and the betrayal to the
people of Telangana Region. The required gas for all the above projects is
available in the Krishna Godavari Basin. This shows that how the Andhra
Lobby has firm grip over the Natural Resources of the State. Having huge
employment potential, had the above projects been in the hands of
APGENCO they would have been valuable Assets for the State, instead of
being a Liability and a Burden for the State to the tune of thousands of crores
of Rupees.
The leaders of Andhra are frightening their people with an ominous picture of
post bifurcation. They portray that the people of Andhra will not get the waters
of Krishna and Godavari Rivers, they will not get coal from the Singareni Coal
Collieries, and their employment opportunities will be abandoned. The future
of their people would be on tenterhooks and grim in Hyderabad. With this kind
of baseless provocations, they are trying to sidetrack the attention of the
people and are busy in grabbing these resources and converting them into
their personal wealth.
This kind of robbery could happen in the unified Andhra Pradesh only. All
kinds of such conspiracies will be known to the public if the Telangana state is
formed. This is the reason why they lobby for combined state for their selfish
interests.
Of late, the natural gas reserves worth lakhs of crores of rupees were found in
Krishna-Godavari Basin. It is quite natural that, as the mines were found in
A.P. the people of A.P. expected the lion’s share in its reserves and were very
concerned about it. The 10th Finance Commission also proposed that 50%
share in profit gas must go to the states where the gas reserves were found.
But the Central Govt. has ignored these proposals and shown an empty hand
to the state. Aggrieved by this action, the people of State started agitation with
the slogan “K.G Basin Gas –The Right Of Andhra Pradesh’. The Gas reserves
found are so enormous and rich that even if 10% Gas share from K.G.Basin is
given to AP the farmers of A,P. could be given 9 hours free supply of power
for decades to come, gas could be supplied to every house at Rs,100/- .per
month and gas could be supplied at a much cheaper rate than petrol. When
the people of Andhra Pradesh state were fighting for their rightful share of
natural gas, some selected Andhra capitalists started lobbying with the state
and central governments to grab the Gas. If their efforts bore fruit, only the
selected half-a -dozen capitalists would be benefited by the allocation of gas
to the state. Once the proposals of the state government to allocate the gas to
these people are accepted by the central govt. these people will launch and
construct the Gas based Power Projects, with thousands of M.W capacity,
plans for which they have already chalked out. Thereby the precious electrical
power will be sold to other States at higher rates enabling private power
producers to amass crores of Rupees leaving Andhra Pradesh state power
starved.
Following are the details of plans: The Andhra capitalists have plans to
construct the following Gas based Power Projects with the gas found in the
Krishna Godavari Basin under the merchant power Project status.
Installed
(MW)
From the above it is evident that there has been a very imbalanced growth in
AP with total concentration of Power Projects in Andhra Region only,
absolutely ignoring the Telangana Region. Further, under the influence of the
covert tactics of these capitalists, the Government has drafted a Merchant
Power Policy that facilitates the Independent Power Producer (Private Sector)
to sell about 75% of the Power produced out side the state. Thus the power
produced in AP will be sold and sent out of the state for personal gains of the
capitalists. If the Telangana State is formed, this conspiracy will become
public and the people of Andhra will also learn about the mischievous trade
arrangements. It is to conceal such clandestine agreements and benefits, that
the capitalists of Andhra are raising the slogan of ‘United Andhra’. In fact, if
separate Telangana State is formed, with the given spread of Natural
Resources, Telangana Region can be developed with the coal, water and
other natural resources available and the Andhra Region can be developed
with the Natural Gas reserves available in KG Basin. But the selfish mottos of
Andhra capitalists can be fulfilled only if the state is united. That is why
robbing in the disguise of “United Andhra” slogan.
While we were discussing about the fears that Andhra Power lobby would
grab entire K-G basin gas in the name of the people of the state and sell
power generated using that gas in the open market throwing the State into
darkness, it has already become a reality. Second stage of gas based power
project, with installed capacity of 366 MW, belonging to Sri Lagadapati
Rajagopal of Lanco group at Kondapally, Vijayawada has already started
producing power from the last week of February, 2010, using K-G basin gas.
This power, as expected, is being sold to other states and in the open market
at exorbitant prices. Nobody knows how Lanco could get K-G basin gas
allocation from Government of India, without the recommendation from the
State government. It is also not clear why the Karimnagar Gas Project in
Telangana region is not given gas allocation by the Central government and
forced to go for fuel tie up with highly expensive Regasified- Liquified Natural
Gas and a merchant plant like Lanco is given cheaper K-G basin gas. It is
already learnt M/s Vemagiri Power Project belonging to Andhra capitalist is
also planning to sell entire 220 MW power from their new barge mounted
power plant, in the market, with K-G basin gas.
Strangely APGENCO is not having any gas based project on hand and State
government looks in no hurry to start gas projects, with APGENCO as
developer, while the entire state is reeling under severe power cuts. It is only
a matter of time that all these Andhra capitalists would get hold of K-G basin
gas and in the meantime provoke people from Andhra with the slogan of
‘Samaikyandhra’.
Part-V
5.2. We have already seen status of power sector in Telangana and Andhra
regions prior to the formation Andhra Pradesh state. Hyderabad State
Electricity Department which served Telangana region during those days was
established in the year 1910, whereas Madras State Electricity Department
which was supplying electricity to Andhra region was formed much later
during 1927-28. By 1915 Hyderabad was already one of the best lit cities in
the country. Hence no one can claim credit for the development of this city
except people of Telangana who have shed their blood and sweat for building
this beautiful city with best infrastructure. Though other districts of Telangana
were not that fortunate but there were about 95 private electrical distribution
undertakings who obtained license under Indian Electricity Act 1910 were
supplying electricity in Telangana districts.
5.3. On the other hand none of the cities/towns of Andhra region could stand
anywhere near to be compared with Hyderabad city at that time. The per
capita consumption of electricity of Andhra region when they were part of
Madras state was 5 units against national average of 14 units, which was one
of the lowest in the country. The situation had slightly improved with the
setting up of interstate project with Orissa at Machkund during 1955. But
Andhra State after separation from Madras State had to look for fuel source
for the production of electricity which was not available anywhere in Andhra
region. Rulers of Andhra realized that the best and easiest way to get rid of
power crisis and the problem of capital city for Andhra State was to capture
the Telangana region which is endowed with huge resources of water and
coal and best infrastructure in Hyderabad city.
5.4 But the situation in Telangana prior to formation of Andhra Pradesh was
totally different. Telangana, with huge coal and water resources and best
infrastructure in Hyderabad city was, set for a rapid growth interms of power
development. Projects like Nizamsagar and Ramagundam Thermal Power
Station (also known as Azamabad Thermal Power Station) were already
commissioned and many projects were planned prior to the formation of
Andhra Pradesh.
5.7. People of Telangana now feel helpless. Farmers and poor domestic
consumers who constitute 90% of the consumers in Telangana region face
the wrath of manipulations by Andhra rulers and its administration.
5.8. With all their manipulative skills Andhra rulers are trying to make farmers
in this region believe that they are the culprits for the poor state of power
sector in Andhra Pradesh. ‘Free power’ is shown as panacea for all problems
faced by the farmers. Quality of power supply is completely neglected. Supply
is restricted to 7 hours per day that too in 2 to 3 spells. Supply is mainly given
during night time which forces farmers to sleep away from their families. They
wait whole night without knowing when the supply would start and end. With
poor quality of power supply motor burnouts is a common phenomenon in
Telangana region posing huge burden on farmers. Farmer’s deaths due to
electric shocks in Telangana region are highest in the state.
5.10. Successive governments have promised 24 hour power supply all the
households and increased power supply to Agriculture. But they remain as
distant dreams for Telangana people. Though, some of other districts in
Andhra Pradesh like Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Anantapur etc, face similar
situation, which can not justify the neglect of Telangana region also. Why
should people of Telangana having all the resources available in their region
suffer on account of short sighted and exploitative policies of rulers from
Andhra? Now people of Telangana realize, Telangana is not a backward
region but its backwardness is forced upon them by Andhra rulers.
Let us now see how situation would have been if Telangana remained as a
separate state without merger with Andhra State during 1956:
Manuguru
Thermal Power
1760 10392 2.15 2234.28 For thermal
Project (Shifted
projects 90% PLF
to Vijayawada)
is assumed.
KTPP-Stage I &
1100 6706 2.07 1388.142
II 1966 MU is
Project already
considered.
KTPS-VI 600 4730 2.07 979.11
Expenditure
Revenue:
Assuming this power would be sold at Rs 3.50 per unit in the market,
Total revenue from sale of surplus power:3018.5x3.5
i.e. 436.4x3.50
Thus there would have been revenue surplus to the tune of Rs 1749 cr even
after meeting the requirements of Agriculture and Domestic sectors.
*****
ANNEXURE
Annexure-1
Annexure-2
Annexure-3
Annexure-4
Annexure-5
Annexure-6
Annexure - 7
Sl. No. Name of the Company Region
Annexure-8
Region-wise Installed Capacity of Power Stations (MW) as on 31.01.2010
Srikakulam 148
V.Nagaram 169
Vizag 403
E.Godavary 343
W.Godavary 501
Krishna 419
Guntur 496
Prakasam 249
Nellore 304
Chittoor 646
Cuddapah 477
Ananthapur 601
Kurnool 335
Telangana
M.Nagar 739
Nalgonda 701
Medak 693
Rangareddy 807
Hyderabad 965
Khammam 289
Warangal 282
K.Nagar 378
Nizamabad 343
Adilabad 284
Telangana TOTAL 5481
Secretary to
7 B Gopala Krishnaiah Board A 01-04-61 30-06-63
Secretary to
10 M Venkataratnam, IAS Board T 01-07-63 23-06-66
Sec to Govt,,
31 J V Narsing Rao PWD T 26-12-66 25-12-69
Financial
34 R.Rajagopalan Adviser O 28-04-67 31-03-69
Sec to Govt,,
59 K V Sreenivasa Rao PWD A 16-12-71 31-01-74
Sec to Govt,,
63 B L Gangopadhyay PWD O 01-02-74 04-05-74
Ex Officio
67 G Shankara Guruswamy Member O 01-04-75 31-03-76
Ex Officio
68 P S Krishna Member O 01-04-75 01-01-76
Ex Officio
71 M Gopala Krishnan Member O 01-04-75 31-03-76
Ex Officio
73 K Jayabharath Reddy Member A 23-01-76 31-03-77
Ex Officio
74 K V Natarajan Member O 11-03-76 16-09-77
75 B Rathan Sabhapathi Member A 01-04-76 31-03-77
Ex officio
78 M Gopala Krishnan Member O 01-04-76 31-03-77
Sec to
Govt/Irr&Powwe
81 M Gopala Krishnan r O 01-04-77 31-03-78
Sec to Govt/Irrn
88 M Gopala Krishnan & Power O 01-04-78 06-12-78
Ex Officio
89 N Raghava Member A 01-06-78 04-12-78
Sec to Govt/Irrn
90 C N Shastry & Power A 06-12-78 26-12-78
Ex Officio
91 S V Subrahmanyam Member 16-12-78 31-03-79
Ex Officio
92 B K Rao Member A 27-12-78 01-06-79
Ex Officio
100 Y Sreeramulu Membeer A 01-04-80 20-05-80
Ex Officio
101 T L Shankar Membeer O 01-04-80 24-11-80
Ex Officio
103 B Prathap Reddy Membeer A 24-11-80 31-03-81
Ex Officio
104 B N Ramana Membeer A 05-01-81 31-03-81
Ex Officio
105 I Basava Raju Membeer T 17-01-81 31-03-81
Ex Officio
106 J A Murrae Membeer T 17-01-81 15-01-83
Member/
116 J. Sugunakara Rao RE&MM A 01-04-86 31-03-87
Prl Sec/Perm
130 S Santhanam Invitee O 01-04-90 04-05-90
Prl Sec/Perm
131 S K Bhandarkar Invitee O 01-04-90 04-05-90
Member/
144 K. Venakata Swamy Generation A 01-04-94 31-03-95
Member/
154 K. Y. Venugoplala Rao transmission A 01-04-96 31-01-99
7 C.Rama Mohan Rao Dir (HR & Comml) CPDCL T 16-08-01 28-06-05
13 KH Gulam Ahmed Dir (HR & P & MM) CPDCL A 17-07-03 31-03-10
JMD/APTRANSCO and
43 Harish Kumar, IAS EPDCL O 13-06-06 31-03-08
NWHTD
103 Y.Padmanabha Reddy Dir (Comml. & Projects) SPDCL A 05-01-05 31-03-10
S.NO Name of the Employee Designation Region S.NO Name of the Employee Designation Region
3 K HIMA AE T 97 M SREENIVASULU PO T
4 B MANJULA AE T 98 M RAJANARSIMHA PO T
5 V ARUDHRA EE T 99 K S SUBRAHMANAYAMRAJU SE T
284 SHAIK SALEEM Office Subordinate A 380 O VENGALA REDDY Office Subordinate A
381 B RAVI KUMAR REDDY Office Subordinate A 477 P SARAT BABU ADE A
604 CH RAMBABU DE A
605 PV RAMANA DE A
606 B GOPALAKRISHNAMURTHY DE A
608 T RAMAKRISHNA SE A
610 S MANIKRAO SE A
617 P SRILATHA AE A
626 A T VIJAI DE A
631 M ARUNALEKHA PO A
632 T SURESHKUMAR SE A
636 D SRINIVAS AE A
637 P INDIRA AE A
638 V VISWANATH AE A
651 V VANITHA AE A
659 Y RAMAMOHANARAO CE A
661 B CHANDRASEKHARREDDY EE A
663 N V PADMAVATHI AS A
665 L SUBRAHMANYAM EE A
Annexure - 17
APTRANSCO HEAD QUARTER EMPLOYEES
S.NO Name of the Employee Designation Region S.NO Name of the Employee Designation Region
770 AJAY JAIN, IAS CMD UnKn 798 MOHD GHOUSE Driver UnKn
63 CHIKBALAPUR NAGENDRA KIRAN KUMR AAO T 153 JANAVAT MATHRU NAIK SAO A
64 CH SATYA PRAKASH ADE T 154 MARAM REDDY NAGA VARA PRASAD REDDY SE A
67 KARUMURI CHANDRA MOHAN ADE T 157 KEELA SEVALAPATTI RAMA MURALI ADE A
71 MUTHAMSETTY SIVA PARVATHI ADE T 161 BOYA BOMBAY RAMANA MURTHY AAE A
212 MAHESWARAM VENKATA CHARY ADE T 290 ILAPAKURTY VEERA RAGHAVA RAO GM T
222 DHANVATH KISHAN LAL AAE T 300 CHALA SANI SRINIVAS AAE A
223 BANOTH CHARAN SINGH AAE T 301 PALUKURI VEERA RATNA BAHADUR SRINIVAS UDC A
Annexure - 19
KTPP, Bhupalapalli, Warangal Dist. EMPLOYEES
10 NL.Narasimham DE A 99 P.Rajeshwari PA T
11 A.Kanaka Rao DE A
25 G.Sudheer AE A 12 G.V.RAMPRASAD EE A
29 T.B.A.Satyanarayana AE A 16 CH.APPAJI DE A
31 Ch.Rajeshwar AE T 18 P.SRIDHAR DE A
42 K.Balabrahmachary AE T 29 P. UGANDHAR AE A
57 P.Ramesh AE T 44 A.VANAJA AE A
63 A.Sahodar AE T 50 M. ANKINEEDU AE A
75 J.Linganayak AE T 62 K.RAMESH AE A
85 B.Surya AE T 72 M.ANANTHAIAH AE A
87 M.Santhosh AE T 74 M.SREENIVASULU AE A
94 B.Raju ADE A
94 A.Bhavani AE T
30 G.Ramachary AE T 55 Ch.V.Ramana PA A
32 A.Prakash AE T 57 M.Prabhakar PA T
34 R.Anjaneyulu AE A 59 B.Mallaiah PA T
15 Mahaboob Bhasha AE A
19 B.Anjaiah JPA T
8 B.Dasharatham AE T 19 P.Srinivas AE T
54 K.Prabhakar PA T 65 G.Vijayakirankumar DE T
1 A.Lachaiah ADE T
2 G.Srikanth AE T
Annexure-20
Annexure-21
Annexure-22
Annexure - 22
Total
Agricultural
system
S.No. District Unit including
losses (all
RESCOs
categories)
1 2 3 8
EPDCL
1 SRIKAKULAM 10.91
2 VIZIANAGARAM 7.06
3 VISAKHAPATNAM 6.39
6 KRISHNA 12.74
GUNTUR 12.82
8 PRAKASAM 13.83
9 NELLORE 14.11
10 CHITTOOR 14.67
11 CUDDAPAH 12.85
12 ANANTAPUR 14.42
13 KURNOOL 16.27
14 MAHABOOBNAGAR 18.74
15 NALGONDA 14.86
16 MEDAK 14.97
18 HYDERABAD 20.90
19 WARANGAL 15.40
20 KARIMNAGAR 15.75
21 KHAMMAM 12.61
22 NIZAMABAD 21.61
23 ADILABAD 11.50
a) Services Connected during 2008-09 Nos. 3705
Annexure-23
Demand
for
Telangana State
VOLUME – IV
POWER SECTOR