SK/A14. MYANMAR (BURMA) for KSC2

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LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATE NFL Topic, January-February 2010Dr. John F. Schunk, Editor “Resolved: Economic sanctions ought not be used to achieve foreign policy objectives.”AFFIRMATIVEA01. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS FAIL TO ACHIEVE GOALSA02. UNILATERAL ECONOMIC SANCTIONS FAILA03. OTHER COUNTRIES WON’T FOLLOW U.S. LEADA04. SANCTIONS ARE INEFFECTIVE AGAINST TYRANTSA05. SANCTIONS ARE COUNTERPRODUCTIVE TO DEMOCRACYA06. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS WORSEN HUMAN RIGHTSA07. U.S. SANCTIONS HARM THE U.S. ECONOMYA08. NON-ECONOMIC SANCTIONS ARE EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVEA09. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AREN’T AN ALTERNATIVE TO WAR A10. THREAT OF SANCTIONS IS INEFFECTIVEA11. IRANA12. NORTH KOREAA13. CUBAA14. MYANMAR (BURMA)A15. IRAQA16. RUSSIAA17. SOUTH AFRICAA18. SUDAN/ZIMBABWE/INDIA-PAKISTAN NEGATIVE N01. USE OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS IS UNAVOIDABLE N02. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS ARE OFTEN EFFECTIVE N03. “SMART SANCTIONS” ARE EFFECTIVE N04. SANCTIONS ON FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ARE EFFECTIVE N05. MULTILATERAL SANCTIONS ARE EFFECTIVE N06. CRITICS JUDGE FAILURE OF SANCTIONS TOO HARSHLY N07. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS ASSIST ANTI-GOVERNMENT FORCES N08. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS DO NOT WORSEN HUMAN RIGHTS N09. U.S. SANCTIONS DO NOT HARM THE U.S. ECONOMY N10. SANCTIONS ARE A BETTER ALTERNATIVE THAN WAR N11. THREAT OF SANCTIONS CAN BE EFFECTIVE N12. IRAN N13. NORTH KOREA

N14. CUBA N15. MYANMAR (BURMA) N16. LIBYA N17. SOUTH AFRICA N18. SUDAN/INDIA-PAKISTANS-K PUBLICATIONSPO Box 8173Wichita KS 67208-0173PH 316-685-3201FAX 316-685-6650debate@squirrelkillers.comhttp://www.squirrelkillers.comSK/A01. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS FAIL TO ACHIEVE GOALS1. IT IS THE GENERAL CONSENSUS THAT SANCTIONS FAILSK/A01.01) Dursun Peksen [Asst. Professor of Political Science, East Carolina U.],JOURNAL OF PEACE RESEARCH, January 2009, SAGE JOURNALS ONLINE, p. 60.Scholars have long claimed that economic sanctions are generally ineffective in inducing targetcountries to comply with the sender’s demands (e.g. Galtung, 1967; Hufbauer, Schott & Elliott,1990; Pape, 1997).SK/A01.02) Adrian U-Jin Ang & Dursun Peksen [both U. of Missouri-Columbia],POLITICAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY, March 2007, p. 136. The question, "Do economicsanctions work?" has been perhaps the most fundamental inquiry in the literature debating theeffectiveness of sanctions, and the conventional wisdom appears to be that sanctions areineffective and failed policy instruments in the vast majority of cases (Galtung 1967;Wallensteen 1968; HSE; Pape 1997, 1998; Drury 1998; Elliott 1998).SK/A01.03) Nikolay Marinov [Yale U.], AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICALSCIENCE, July 2005, WILEY INTERSCIENCE, p. 564. Do economic sanctions work? Theconsensus view seems to be somewhere between “no” and “rarely.”SK/A01.04) William H. Kaempfer [Professor of Economics, U. of Colorado, Boulder] &Anton D. Lowenberg [Professor of Economics, California State U., Northridge], HARVARD

INTERNATIONAL REVIEW, Fall 2007, p. 68, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, ExpandedAcademic ASAP. Indeed, it is a reasonable generalization to characterize international economicsanctions as overused, ineffective, and unfair. The fact that sanctions are overused isdemonstrated by the large number of sanctions currently in force. They are ineffective, as shown by the number of obvious failures in sanctions policy. They are unfair, not only because of the burden they place on firms that would otherwise freely engage in international commerce, butalso because of the heavy suffering they often impose on innocent civilians in target countries.2. SANCTIONS FAIL 95% OF THE TIMESK/A01.05) Reed M. Wood [U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill], INTERNATIONALSTUDIES QUARTERLY, September 2008, p. 490. In a 1919 speech to the United States SenateCommittee on Foreign Relations, Woodrow Wilson described economic sanctions as a "peaceful,silent deadly remedy" and an effective, nonviolent method of coercing policy concessions fromother states. Their track record, however, falls far short of Wilson's characterization. First,sanctions fail in as many as 95 percent of cases (Hufbauer, Schott, and Elliott 1990a; Pape 1997).SK/A01.06) Editorial, BRITISH MEDICAL JOUR4NAL, October 17, 2009, p. 876.Economic sanctions rarely achieve their stated objectives, with perhaps 5% having any successin changing national policies.