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FOUNDATION LOADS
Pile foundations are design to provide an allowable bearing capacity adequate enough to
resist the applied loads from the superstructure. Design of a pile foundation involves
solving the complex problem of transferring loads from the structure through the piles to
the underlying soil. It involves the analysis of a structure-pile system, the analysis
of a soil-pile system, and the interaction of the two systems, which is highly nonlinear.
These loads are generally transmitted to the foundation by means of the columns of the
structure. The first phase of the design of a pile foundation involves determining the
magnitude of the applied building loads which will be manifested in the form of axial loads
in the columns interacting directly with the foundation.
To determine the magnitude of the foundation loads a structural analysis was carried out
on the frame of the structure using the applied loads. This was done manually.
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LOADING ANALYSIS
For design purposes, both dead and imposed loads were considered. The characteristic
dead load (ï ë used accounted for the self weight of the structural members complete with
finishes, fixtures and partitions. Characteristic imposed loads ( ë were derived in
accordance with the recommendations as provided by G
The maximum design ultimate load applied for all structural members were computed
using the following formula:
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aBS 8110: Part 1: 1996 British Standard, Structural use of Concrete, Part 1. Code of
Practice for design and construction, British Standard Institution, 1996.
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Dead Loads (ï
Vmposed Loads (
This will be taken as the applied uniformly distributed load on the internal floors slabs.
Since all floors carry similar uses this will apply for all other floors.
!Value taken from a!le 1.0 BS 6339: Part 1: 1996 Code of Practice for dead and
imposed loads. Pg 3.
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Dead Loads (ï
Vmposed Loads (
Dead Loads (ï
Dead Loads (ï
Since all floors carry similar uses this will apply for all other floors.
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Figure 3 graphically illustrates the variation of the foundation loads for the proposed
foundation layout.
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The pile foundation design was done using established pile capacity formulae which take
into account the two major contributing elements for pile capacity, mainly:
The final arrangements for the pile are those that provided allowable pile capacities in
excess of the applied column loads which is transmitted to the foundation, with a factor of
safety greater than 2 (SF2ë. The capacity of a single timber pile passing through the soil
profile was determined first, to see whether one pile could have provided the required
capacity. For cases where this was not possible, pile groups were used.
Design Computations
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Output
Figure 4 shows the arrangement for a single pile.
Pile capacity is computed as follows:
u = p + s
all = u SF
!
f = âcu
where âȂ empirical adhesion factor d
cu- undrained shear strength of soil
s = fp L = âcup L
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Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
"### $
%#&
: > =15.6 kN/m3, c =20 kN/m2, =0
Pile size = 300 mm (squareë
s =38.53
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Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
'"$
%# $(#&
: > =16.7 kN/m3, cǯ =30 kN/m2, =0
"$(# $)#&
s =85.05
Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
"$)# $
##&
: > =19.5 kN/m3, cǯ =60 kN/m2, =0
Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
("$
## $
##&
: >ǯsat=20.0 kN/m3, cǯ =140 kN/m2, =0
p = c*cup = 9cu p
Where:
Design Computations
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Output
* +
u =43.2+ 170.3+ 97.2+ 466.56+ 186.48+ 113.4= 1,077.14 u
=811.58
Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
3.[.1 Pile ïroup for Columns B[, B3, B4, B5, C[, C3, C4, and C5.
o. of piles
Foundation Load = 4816.0 kN
Single pile capacity = 1077.14 kN an allowable pile group in excess
of 4816.0 kN is required. qave.=[5.5[
m[
Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
Converse La!arre
equation. f
= 1- [(n1-1n[ +(n[-1n1]
90 n1n[
!
!
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Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
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Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
3.[.[ Pile ïroup for Columns 1, 6, D1, and D6.
o. of piles
Foundation Load = 1366.4 kN
Single pile capacity = 1077.14 kN an allowable pile group in excess
of 1366.4 kN is required.
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Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
Converse La!arre
equation. f
= 1- [(n1-1n[ +(n[-1n1]
90 n1n[
""
""
#
#
!
"!
"
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Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
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Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
3.[.3 Pile ïroup for Columns B1, B6, C1, and C6.
o. of piles
Foundation Load = 2556.24 kN
Single pile capacity = 1077.14 kN an allowable pile group in excess
of 2556.24 kN is required.
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Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
Converse La!arre
equation. f
= 1- [(n1-1n[ +(n[-1n1]
90 n1n[
#
#
!
!
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Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
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Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
3.[.4 Pile ïroup for Columns [, 3, 4, 5, D[, D3, D4 and
D6
o. of piles g=10,[[1.9
Foundation Load = 2562.5 kN
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Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
Converse La!arre
equation. f
= 1- [(n1-1n[ +(n[-1n1]
90 n1n[
"
"
#
#
!
"!
c
c
Design Computations
eference Project:
Output
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