THE GAS LAW

Van der waals equation

BOYLE’S LAW
At constant temperature, the volume
( P + n2a ) ( V- nb) = nRT
occupied by a fixed amount of gas is
V2
inversely proportional to the applied
(external) pressure.

CLAUSIUS – CLAYPERON
V∞ 1/P [ T and n fixed ]
EQUATION
PV= constant or V=constant/p
P = P*e-x
X = ΔVapH /R ( 1/T – 1/T* )
CHARLES’S LAW
At constant pressure, the volume occupied
CHEMICAL POTENTIALS OF
by a fixed amount of gas is directly
LIQUIDS
proportional to its absolute temperature
Ideal solution
μA = μA + RT I n PA
V∞T [ P and n fixed ]
V/T= constant or V= constant x T
Raoult’s Law
P = XAPA
PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE
RELATIONSHIP
Ideal – Dilute Solution
At constant volume, the pressure exerted
Henry’s Law
by a fixed amount of gas is directly
PB = XBKB or PB = bBKB
proportional to the absolute temperature.
P∞T
Elevation of boiling points
ΔT = KxB , where K = RT*2
AVOGADRO’S LAW
ΔVapH
At fixed temperature and pressure, equal
volumes of any ideal gas contain equal
ΔT = Kbb
numbers of particles( or moles )
V∞ n
The depression of freezing point
ΔT = K’xB, where K’ = RT*2
Ideal gas law
ΔfusH
PV=nRT

Solubility
P1V1/ n1T1 = P2V2/ n2T2 In xB = ΔfusH/ R [ 1/Tf – 1/T]
Van’t Hoff equation
Π = [B]RT

SOLVENT ACTIVITY
an= PA/ P*

Activity coefficients
ɤ