RESEARCH METHOD

This is a descriptive qualitative research. It tries to identify the actual

constraints of the English teaching and learning process at SD Muhammadiyah

Girikerto.

A. Setting of the Research

This study takes place at LSAM. The school is

located in kecamatan Turi, kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta.

LSAM has six classrooms. The size of each

classroom is 6 x 7 metres. Besides, there is an office for headmaster, a common

room for the teachers, a library, and a kitchen.

The total number of the teachers at LSAM is 14.

The average class size is about 30-40 students. In this study, the researcher

focuses on class IV up to class VI where English is taught.

B. Subject of the Research

The subjects of the research are the English teacher, students of class IV

up to IV, the headmaster, and some teachers of LSAM who

can give information about the constraints in the English teaching and learning

process.
37

C. Data Collection Technique

The data of the research are information about the constraints in the

English teaching and learning process. The information is in the form of words,

actions, and the description of certain situations.

The data are collected through observations and in-depth interviews with

the subjects of the research. The observation is conducted during the English

teaching and learning process in the classroom. The observation result is written

in the form of field note. The in-depth interview used to confirm and enrich the

data which are obtained from the observation. The interview result is written in

the form of interview transcript. Finally, by considering the results of the

observation and interview, the researcher continued collecting the data until the

data become redundant.

D. Research Instrument

1. The main instrument of the research is the researcher herself. Moleong

(2001: 121) states that in qualitative research the researcher plays the role

as the designer, the data collector, the analyst, and the data interpreter. In

the observation process, she acts as the observer. While in the in-depth

interview she acts as the interviewer.

2. Interview Guide

The interview guide is provided as secondary instrument (Moleong: 2001:

121). The interview guide is a list of points of topics, which the

interviewer must cover during the interview. It consists of three parts; they
38

are the headmaster, teachers, and students. The items of the questions are

outlined below:

a. The interview guide for the headmaster, including:

1) the background study of the headmaster,

2) the headmaster's experience in English teaching, and

3) the headmaster's preparation in English teaching.

b. The interview guide for the teacher

1) The background of the teacher

2) The teacher's experience in the English teaching, including

experience in:

a) the teaching and learning process,

b) choosing the material,

c) managing the students,

d) using time,

e) using media, and

f) using method.

c. The interview guide for the students, including:

1) the students' background,

2) the students' difficulties in learning

English, and

3) the students' feeling in learning English.

39

E. Data Analysis

The process of the data analysis was started when the researcher collect

the data in the classroom. The processes of analyzing the data were as follows:

1. Putting all the data collected from observation in the form of sentences

into several cards.

2. Categorizing the data and giving a topic to each category

3. Deciding focuses of the research in the categories available

4. Doing in-depth interviews with the students and the teachers based on the

focuses.

5. Sharpening and strengthening each focus until the data became redundant.

(Moleong, 2001: 172)

F. Triangulation

Burns (1999: 169) states that triangulation is one of the most commonly

used and best known ways of checking for validity. The aim of triangulation is to

gather multiple perspectives on the situation being studied. Silverman in Burns

(1999: 169) defines triangulation as:

Comparing different kinds of data (e.g. quantitative and qualitative) and

different methods (e.g. observation and interview) to see whether they
corroborate one another… this form of comparison, called triangulation, derives
from another navigation, where different bearings give the correct position
of an object.

In this study, the triangulation technique was used to get the

trustworthiness by analyzing and by comparing the collected data from

40

headmaster, teachers, and students.