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ELECTRONICS FOR YOU
❚❚❚❚❚
MAY 2001
CIRCUIT
 
IDEAS
 R U PA N JA NA
H
ere is a simple circuit to obtainvariable DC voltage from 1.25Vto 15.19V in reasonably smallsteps as shown in the table. The inputvoltage may lie anywhere between 20Vand 35V.The first section of the circuit com-prises a digital up-down counter builtaround IC1—a quad 2-input NANDschmitt trigger (4093), followed byIC2—a binary up-down counter (4029).Two gates of IC 4093 are used to gen-erate up-down logic using push but-tons S1 and S2, respectively, while theother two gates form an oscillator toprovide clock pulses to IC2 (4029). Thefrequency of oscillations can be variedby changing the value of capacitor C1or preset VR1.IC2 receives clock pulses from the os-cillator and produces a sequential binaryoutput. As long as its pin 5 is low, thecounter continues to count at the risingedge of each clock pulse, but stops count-ing as soon as its pin 5 is brought to logic1.Logic 1 at pin 10 makes the counterto count upwards, while logic 0 makes itcount downwards. Therefore the countercounts up by closing switch S1 and countsing resistor across the relay contacts getsconnected to the circuit.The table shows the theoretical out-put for various digital input combinations.The measured output is nearly equal tothe theoretically calculated output acrossregulator IC3 (LM317). The output volt-age is governed by the following relation-ship as long as the input-to-output differ-ential is greater than or equal to 2.5V:Vout = 1.25(1+R2'/R1')Where, R1' = R15 = 270 ohms (fixed)and R2' = R11 + R12 + R13 + R14= 220 + 470 + 820 +1500 ohms= 3,010 ohms (with all relaysenergised)One can use either the binaryweighted LED display as indicated byLED1 through LED4 in the circuit or a74LS154 IC in conjunction with LED5through LED20 to indicate one of the 16selected voltage steps of Table I. The in-put for IC4 is to be tapped from pointsdown by closing switch S2.The output of counter IC2 is used torealise a digitally variable resistor. Thissection consists of four N/O reed relaysthat need just about 5mA current for theiroperation. (
 EFY lab note
. The originalcircuit containing quad bilateral switch IC 4066 has been replaced by reed relaysoperated by transistorised switches be-cause of unreliable operation of the former.
) The switching action is performedusing BC548 transistors. External resis-tors are connected in parallel with thereed relay contacts. If particular relay con-tacts are opened by the control input atthe base of a transistor, the correspond-
NAVEEN THARIYAN
15-STEP DIGITAL POWER SUPPLY 
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