ASSIGNMENT 3

AS

STUDENT NUMBER: 20923580

INRUSH CURRENT

DEFINITION OF INRUSH CURRENT

A momentary input current surge, measured during the initial turn-on of the
power supply. This current reduces to a lower steady-state current once the
input capacitors charge. Hotswap controllers or other forms of protection
are often used to limit inrush current, because uncontrolled inrush can
damage components, lower the available supply voltage to other circuits,
and cause system errors

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INRUSH CURRENT AND A SINGLE PHASE

TRANSFORMER
The transient magnetizing current of a transformer flowing after connecting the
transformer with AC source is called the inrush current . The inrush current is
highly asymmetric. It results from saturation of a core of the transformer caused
by excessive growth of a magnetic flux in one direction only. The first peak of an
inrush current may exceed many times the value of a transformer’s nominal current
.Therefore the obvious goal is to limit the level and the duration of the inrush
current . The level of the inrush current depends on the design of a transformer and
its circuit. It also depends on the instant (the phase of a source’s voltage) the
transformer is switched on as well as the value of the remanence flux just before
switching on. This paper deals with the relation between the level of the inrush
current and the phases of disconnecting a single phase transformer from AC source
and then connecting it to the same source. This relation is recognized in the
literature of the subject , but – to the authors’ best knowledge – not to the extent
presented in this paper. Since the inrush current might be seriously disturbing
(sometimes even devastating)phenomenon its extreme value should be assessed for
a given transformer. As an indicator of the inrush current’s level serves the
magnitude of its first peak. Thus for some transformer the investigated relation was
measured using some specially designed apparatus of the measuring set.
Then the procedure of calculation of the inrush current was developed. To this goal
the remanence
Mutual Inductance
DEFINITION
A measure of the relation between the change of current flow in one circuit
to the electric potential generated in another by mutual induction. Like
inductance, mutual inductance is measured in henries

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUTUAL INDUCTANCE AND A

SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
If we accidentally or purposefully put two inductors close together, we can actually
transfer voltage and current from one inductor to another. This property is called
Mutual Inductance. A device which utilizes mutual inductance to alter the
voltage or current output is called a transformer. The inductor that creates the
magnetic field is called the primary coil, and the inductor that picks up the
magnetic field is called the secondary coil. Transformers are designed to have the
greatest mutual inductance possible by winding both coils on the same core. (In
calculations for inductance, we need to know which materials form the path for
magnetic flux. Air core coils have low inductance; Cores of iron or other magnetic
materials are better 'conductors' of magnetic flux.) The voltage that appears in the
secondary is caused by the change in the shared magnetic field, each time the
current through the primary changes. Thus, transformers work on A.C. power,
since the voltage and current change continuously. flux of the examined
transformer’s core in a function of switching off phase of a230 V AC voltage was
determined. A mathematical model of the magnetizing characteristics of the
examined transformer within the magnetic flux range widely enough has been
established. Exploiting that knowledge and the well known relation between the
voltage and the flux the magnitude of first peak of the inrush current for a set of
pairs of switching off – switching on phases of the flux of the examined
transformer’s core in a function of switching off phase of a230 V AC voltage was
determined.
FLUX DENSITY
DEFINITION:
A vector quantity measuring the strength and direction of the magnetic field around a magnet or an
electric current. Magnetic flux density is equal to magnetic field strength times the magnetic permeability
in the region in which the field exists. Electric charges moving through a magnetic field are subject to a
force described by the equation (F = qv × B) where q is the amount of electric charge, v is the velocity of
the charge, B is the magnetic flux density at the position of the charge, and × is the vector product.
Magnetic flux density also can be understood as the density of magnetic lines of force, or magnetic flux
lines, passing through a specific area. It is measured in units of tesla. Also called magnetic flux, magnetic
induction.

RELATION BETWEEN FLUX DENSITY AND A SINGLE

MUTUAL COUPLING
DEFINITION
A technique to compensate for mutual coupling in a small array is developed and
experimentally verified. Mathematically, the compensation consists of a matrix
multiplication performed on the received-signal vector. This, in effect, restores the
signals as received by the isolated elements in the absence of mutual coupling. This
technique is most practical for digital beamforming antennas where the matrix
operation can be readily implemented

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUTUAL COUPLING AND A

SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
PHASE TRANSFORMER