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2009--2010

os-pL-tU

W¹P¡ ^MsæL kµL-p-¾V

1
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2
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3
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W¹P¡ ^MsæL kµLp¾V

4
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5
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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20
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22
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23
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yP\-W-°-tO-Ra AaM-òL-j-¾M¤ \¡-\ÿ oO--SÐL-·V RWLºO-SkL-WL¢ A-i|L-kM-W }YPÕM¤ Ca-
RkaOÐO.
S}WLcN-Wq
- e
- U
ojO-x-|-R£ y~L¡-À-f-pOU B}W-o-SeL-ÃO-W-f-pOU kqM-iM Wa-ÐM-qM-¨O-ÐO. oPs|-°-tOU jÓ-W-tOU
WOuM-\ÿO oPa-RÕ-·M-qM-¨O-ÐO. oQYN-p vLy-j-W¥ oL}f-oL-eV I°OU WL-eO-Ð-fV. SoL\-jU I-vM-Ra-pL-eV?
fOa¡-ÐV ^M.pORa kgM-W-R£ kL·V WO·M-W¥ CTe-¾M¤ R\LsæM Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO. WvM-f Dp¡-
¾O-Ð yLoP-z| }kwV-j-vOU WLsM-W }ky-©M-pOU }YPÕO-W-tM¤ \¡-\ÿ R-\-pÅV WRº-¾-R·.

Ai|LkMWSpLaV....
qºLU SsLW ozLpO-È-R¾-¾O-a¡-ÐV SsLW-¾L-W-oL-joO
ºLpM-·O-ç AqL-^-W-f~-vOU y~L¡-À-f-pOU f¤-l-s-oL-pO--ºL-p
wPj|-f-pO-oL-eV C¾-q-RoL-qO WvM-f-Rp-uO-fL¢ WvM-Rp S}kqM-ÕM\ÿfV.
RvtM-\ÿ-¾M-R£ WeM-W ASj~-xM-¨O-Ð WvM AfV IvM-Ra-pOU WRº-¾O-ÐM-sæ.
ASÕL-uOU IvM-Ra--Rp-ËM-sOU RvtM-\ÿ-oO-ºL-W-R· IÐL-eV WvM B}Y-zM-¨O-Ð-fV.
CT Bw-pU WO·M-W-tM-Rs-¾M-¨O-vL¢ èÈM-¨O-o-SsæL?

24
 WRº-¾M-p WLq|-°¥ }YPÕO-WtM¤ Av-fq - M-ÕM-¨O-ÐO. fOa¡-ÐV \O-vR
- a RWLaO-¾M-qM-¨O-Ð yP\-
W-°-tO-Ra-A-aM-òL-j-¾M¤ WæLôM¤ RkLfO \¡-\ÿ ja-¨O-ÐO.
\
- ¡-\Lÿ yP-\W
- °
- ¥
CT WvM-f Dp¡-¾OÐ ySÎ-w-Ro-ÍL-eV?
WvM fR£ }kfN-{-W¥ A¡--ÕM-\ÿM-qM-¨O-Ð-fV IvM-Ra-pL-eV?
AfM-jO WLq-e-RoÍV?
fR£ \OãO-kL-aOoO-ç
- Av-òW
- ¥ WvM-Rp RjLÒ-qR
- Õ-aO-¾O-Ðf
- V I°-Rj-pL-e?V
jsæ-WL-s-R¾-¨O-rM-\ÿO-ç WvM-pO-Ra y-Ë-s×-Ro-ÍL-eV?
CT \¡--\ÿ-pM-sP-Ra RftM-´O vÐ Bw-p-¾M-R£ AaM-òL-j-¾M¤ WvM-f-pV-¨O KqO jMqP-ke-¨O-rM-ÕV
fáL-rL-¨LU. I-RÍ-sæLU èÈM-¨-eU?
-B-y~L-h-jLU-w-°¥
-W-vM-f Dp¡-¾O-Ð \M-Í-W¥
-W-vM, WLsU, }kv-e-f-W¥
-W-vM-pO-Ra- jM-s-kL-aV
y~ÍU jMs-kL-aO-W¥
WvM--pO-Ra \MÍ WvM-f-pM-sP-Ra I}f-oL-}fU ls-}kL-kÅM-pM¤
I¾M-¨L¢ WvM-¨O WuM-´O?
SjaM-p iLq-e-W-tO-Ra AaM-òL-j-¾M¤ WO·M-W¥ jMqP-ke-¨O-rM-ÕV fáL-rL-¨O-ÐO. fáL-rL-¨M-
p WOrM-ÕV y~pU vMs-pM-qO-¾O-ÐO. kq-y×-qU vMs-pM-qO-¾O-ÐO.

Ai|LkMWSpLaV....
jMqPke¨OrMÕMR£ vMs-pM-qO-¾¤
yP\-W°
- ¥ WæLôM¤ \¡-\ÿ R\pÅV
}kv¡¾jU & 4
vMW-yM-ÕM-¨O-o-SsæL?
vMwWsj¨OrMÕV fáLrL¨OW
IÓO-XU SjL¨N-·O kOµM-qM-fP-WO-Ð
jÓOXU WLe-R·-Rp-ÐO R\LsæM
AÚO-XU fRÐ oOW¡-ÐO fOa-°M-jL¥
AÚ-pL-pO-ç pSwL-h-p-SÕL¥
jÓ-iO-fP-WM vRÐ-Ó-aM-¾-ÐM-sL-pV
jÓO-s-pO-ºO \MqM-¨OU SjqU Ai|LkMWSpLaV....
fM¹-Ro-ÓL-rM-s-e-\ÿO jMÐN-aO-SÐL& WLv|-nL-YR
- ¾ oLf-QS- y- z-Ô U
qO¹M-RR¨ WLe-R·-Rp-ÐO R\LsæM v|©-oL-WOU vMiU }kv¡-¾-jU
RoRsæR- Ð-aO-¾O kOe¡-ÐO jMÐN-aM-jL¥ oOSÐL-·O--j-pM-¨O-o-SsæL?
ksævU RvsæOÐ - kLeM fRÐ
vqM-W¥ I-uO-fM-p \L¡-·V }kh¡-wM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.
CT WLv|-nL-YU vLpM-\ÿO-v-SsæL -I-ÍL-eV C-fM-Rs }kSo-pU?
WO·MWtORa }kfMWqeU
AÚpOU WO´OU fÚMsOç mÌU
25
 WO·MWtORa WOyQfM
oO¢-kO kqM-\-p-RÕ-·M-·O-ç oLfQ-SyÔ-zU fOtO-ÒO-Ð
WvM-fL-nL-Y-°¥ WO·M-W¥ KL¡-R¾-aO-¾V Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨-R·.

kOrS¾pV¨V Ai|LkMW-SpLaV
os-pL-t-¾M-Rs oL-f-Q-SyÔ-zU
mLsLoeMpÚ
fOtO-ÒO-Ð WvM-f-W-tM¤ \Ms-fV
AÚf¢ vLqORãLq˾M¤ jMÐfL WO·M-W¥ kqM--\-p-RÕ-a-R·.
f¢ oW¢ fL¢fLRjeNãO RoRsæ
RfãLRf \L·MSÓ¤ÕãMÕMaM\ÿv¢
oSã¾t¾M¤¨L¤Rv\ÿO kMRÐ.
SWLsLzsU SW¥¨LpV : "D¹MpMÐÚf¢
S\sLµsUSkLsOU vM·OjMÐO!
nNfMpã°MRj RRWWL¤ ftqLRf
vLfMsMÐÕOrU SkLpLjSsæL'
"W·M\ÿOo¡WtM¤¾·M¾a´M·M&
¨O·MpV¨O SWSafOU kãqOSf!
I¹oMsæLS¾LtU hNk°¥ W¾OÐO
R\ÐaOR¾°LjOU RkLçqOSf'
"JRrÕupfLoM¨OsSYz¾M¤
jPrOjPrLpMqoOºrW¥,
I°OoM¨O·MWtM\ÿOfMo¡¨OSÒL&
RtÍOoSzLÃvoLpMqM¨OU?
"JrMpL¤ oLyRoLSÐ;RfLqOSWLeMpO&
SorOvLjOÐOoMR¨L\ÿOiNq¢
SkLvOW oOSÐL·O RRkfSs, jM¢oOYVÈ
^NvMfU fOçOWpsæM W¹M¤?'
IRÍsæLU WLuV\WtfVnOf v¡¹°¥
IÍuWLeO jMj¨O \OãOU!
AÚf¢ o\ÿWosæLRf WLeL¾
jM¢oMuMRp}f vMa¡ÐOSkLpM!
SkLvOW, WL¤RvpV¨OUSfLrOU jNpLÍq&
oLpV vtqOÐfO SjL¨M SjL¨M
WTfOWoO¥R¨LºO \OãOSo jM¤ÕOºP
nPff¾~³qLo}Y^ÓL¡
\L·MsPÐLRfpOU yU}noMpV¨LSfpOU
vN·MsOU oOã¾OU yµqMSÕL¡
S^|LfM¡«e°Rt¨¾M\ÿORvpV¨LjO
oPfMR¨aO¾LjOU yLiMpV¨OSÐL¡
jNprMpLpVWMsOU WL¦ofMRsæËMsOU
jM¢vuMRfãLRf yP{M¨OSÐL¡
BjÎÕOµMqMfPWMR¨LºÚpO&
oLwUyM¨OÐP jMj¨O n}hU.

26
 KqO y~kVjU
yOYfWOoLqM

oOrM¨OçM¤ RWLtO¾Mp
jMsvMt¨OºV, fLRu
opM¤ÕNsMRpLÐO kLrM&
¨MaÐNaOÐO.
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kfOR¨....ÕfOR¨....WLãM&
sLaM jM¤¨OÐO
Dr¨oLU RRkf¤? WLeL¢
váfNRq, ¾OWM¤ R`LrM&
pMt¨OÐ RfÐsMjOU
\ÎjYÌU!
jNsSoZU SkLsMqOºO
RkL¢ftpeMR´LqO¹M&
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ÐP¡ÐfL WL½P...!
AaO¾O R\sæOvL¢ vá!
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kOr¾O `L¢ v|g kPºO
WL¾O jM¤¨OÐO.
kPf-ÕL-·V IÐ Ca-Sê-qM¨vM-f-pM-Ss-¨V WO·M-W-Rt jpM-¨-eU
oLfQ-SyÔ-zU jMr-´O jM¤-¨O-Ð w©-oL-p WvM-f-pL-eV kPf-ÕL-·V. oO¢-WæL-ôM¤ k-qM-\-
p-RÕ-· kPf-ÕL-·M-Rs vqM-W¥ WO·M-W¥ Bs-kM-¨-R·.
WvM-f-pO--Ra vMw-W-s-jU WæLôM¤ ja-¨O-ÐO. kPf-ÕL-·V yM.cM.}kh-¡-w-jU .
fOa¡-ÐV -W-vM-f-pO-Ra -B-sL-k-jU
\¡-\Lÿ yP\-W° - ¥
oLf-Q-SyÔ-z-¾M-R£ fN}v-f }kW-a-oL-WO-Ð yΡ-n-°¥ JRf-sæLU?
CT WvM-f-pM¤ RftM-pO-Ð oLfQ-f~-¾M-R£ qºV nMÐ oOX-°¥ JRfL-R¨?
KqO- kOqL-vQ-¾-R¾ WvM-f-pO-Ra -B-fV-oL-vL-¨M-pRf°Rj ?

S}WLcN-Wq
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C¾-q-¾M-RsL-qO WvM-f-R-p-uO-fL¢ WvM-¨V S}kq-e-pL-p-Rf--ÍL-vLU?
kPf-ÕL-·M-R£ -q-\-jLkwV-\L-¾-sU IÍL-Re-ÐV -W-v-M-pO-Ra vL¨O-W-tM-sP-Ra WLeLU.
}YPÕO-Wt
- M¤ WvM-fLnLYU vLp-jp
- ¨
-V V j¤-WO-ÐO. kL-bn
- L-YR
- ¾ Bw-pU vM-wW
- s
- j
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}YPÕO-W¥ S}WLcN-W-qM-¨O-ÐO.

27
 vMw-Ws
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WLv|-q-\-j-pV-¨V vuM-RÕ-aL-¾ oj-ôOU kwV-\L-¾-s-vOU
WvM oj-ôM-Ss-¨V pL-hQ-\V]M-W-oL-pM I¾OÐ WLv| mN^U
kOqL-vQ-¾-¾M-Ss-¨OU mLs-nL-v-j-W-tM-Ss-¨O-oO-ç WvM
oj-ôM-R£ fMqM-\ÿO-SkL-¨V
^NvM-f pLgL¡-À|-°¥ WvM-pO-Ra JWL-}Y-f-Rp -f-W¡-¨O-ÐO.
RvsæO-vM-tM-W¥ q\-j-Rp mLiM¨O-ÐO.
Rv-sæO-vM-tM-W-Rt AfM-^N-vM-\ÿO-RWL-ºV WvM s{|-¾M-Ss-¨V Wa-¨O-ÐO.

WRº-¾M-p Bw-p-°¥ }YPÕM¤ RkLfO-vL-pM Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.

}kiL-j Bw-p-°¥ Ai|L-kM-W \L¡-·V R\áO-ÐO.

Ai|LkMWSpLaV....
kLb-nL-Y-R¾ mMUm Ws×-j-W¥, }kSpL-Y-vM-Sw-x-°¥ IÐM-v
stM-f-oL-p qPk-¾M¤ WO·M-W-tM-Rs--¾M-¨L¢ Bv-w|-oL-p
Ca-Rk-a¤ ja-¾O-o-SsæL? kLb-nL-Y-R¾ Bu-¾M¤
vMw-W-s-jU R\-áO-Ð-fM-jV So¤-Õ-r-´ Bw-p-°-tM¤ DTÐM-jM-ÐV
aN\ÿ¡ \¡-\ÿ jpM-¨O-o-SsæL?

KqO WvM-f kMr-vM-Rp-aO-¨O-ÐfM R£ AjO-n-vU WvM fRÐ vMv-qM-\ÿ-

fV jLU fMqM-\ÿ-rM-´O. w©-oL-p AjO-n-v-°-tL-eV C¾-qU q-\-j-W-
tM-S-s-¨V jÚ-Rt jpM-¨O-Ð-fV. vMxO-¨-eM IÐ WvM-f-pM¤ WvM
fR£ Sv-j¤-¨L-s AjO-n-v-°-tL-eV WLv|-q-\-j-pV-¨V vMx-p-oL-¨O-
Ð-f.V

Ai|LkMWSpLaV....
y~ÍU ^NvM-f\OãO-kL-aO-W-tM¤ jMÐO--ç jMqN-{-eU, WLuV-\-W¥,
^NvM-fL-v-ò-W¥, ^N-vM-f yL-z-\-q|-°¥, }kfM-y-ÌM-W¥ fOa-°M--p-v-
Rp-sæLU WvM-f-pV-¨O vMx-p-oL-WO-ÐORvÐ-fM-sP-ÐM
\¡-\ÿ oOSÐL-·O RWLºO-SkL-WO-o-SsæL?

WO·M-W-tO-oL-pO-ç sZO\¡-\ÿ-pM¤ jMÐV v|f|-ñ WLv| vMx-pU qPk-RÕ-aO-ÐO. Av

Ai|L-kM-W \L¡-·V R\áO-ÐO. C-ì-RÕ-· vM-x-p-U Rfq-R´-aO-¾V WO·M-W¥ v|©M-Y-f-
oL-pM WvM-fL q\-j-pM¤ J¡-R-Õ-aO-ÐO.

WvM-fL q\-j YQz-kL-bo - L-pM WO·M-W¥ R\á-R·. Bv-w|-oLp }kS\L-hj - v

- OU RRW¾L-
°OU j¤-W-eU. WvM-f-W¥ vMs-pM-qO-¾M Ro-\ÿ-RÕ-aO-¾L¢ Av-y-qU j¤-W-eU.
vLpM-\ÿV A-v-f-qM-ÕM-¨L-jOU q\-jL kwV-\L-¾-sU vMw-hN-W-qM-¨L-jOU Av-y-q-oO-ºL-
¨-eU.
28
 nLYU 4
hQw|-Ws
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wWOjÕMufv^jMfU
oPÐO k¼MfÓLqOU kSqfjLp yMUzvOU
AnMjp¾MR£ AfMqOW¥

hQw|WsW¥R¨LºV yÒÐoLeV SWqtU. jÚORa yLzMf|vOU hQw|WsL

yLzMf|¾MR£ yvMSwxfWtOU yLzMf|¾MR£ vt¡\ÿpM¤ AvpORa kËOU CT
pPeMãMR£ kbj s{|oLeV. WæLôMWV WspLp WgWtMsOU BiOjMWfpORa hQw|WsLqPkU
yMjMopOU KÕU jLaWvOU CvMRa kLbnLYoLRp¾OÐO. yvMSwxfW¥ fMqM\ÿ r M
pOÐfMjOU By~LhjS¾LRaLÕU y~f}Í q\jpMSs¨OU WO·MRp jpM¨OÐ
kbjLjOnv°¥ CT nLY¾O j¤SWºfOºV.

}kv¡¾jU & 1
By~Lhj¨OrMÕV fáLrL¨LU

oO¢WæLôM¤ kqM\pRÕ· K.vM.vM^pR£ "Wa¤¾Nq¾V' IÐ Wg WæLôM¤ \¡\ÿ R\áOÐO.

fOa¡ÐV "Wa¤-¾N-q-¾V' IÐ }zy~-\M-}fU }kh¡-wM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO. yMjM-o }kh¡-wM-ÕM-\ÿ-fM-jO-Sw-xU RkLfO
\¡-\ÿ
\¡-\Lÿ yP\-W°
- ¥
Wg-Rp \-s\
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3. WQfMRp By×hoL¨M y~f}ÍoLp fMq¨g
q\M¨OW
}YPÕO-W-tM¤ \¡-\ÿ R-\-pÅV WOrM-ÕO-W¥
fáL-rL-¨O-ÐO (v|-©M-Y-fU) oMW-\ÿ-v WRº-¾M
Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO. S}WL-cN-W-q-eU
Ai|LkMWSpLaV....
S}WLcNWqe¾M¤ \s\ÿM}fR¾
vMspMqO¾MR¨LºOç v|f|ñ
AnM}kLp°¥ kqMYeM¨eU

""yMjM-o-pO-Ra yLoP-z| }ky-©M'' IÐ SsX-jU }YPÕO-W-tM¤ vLpM-¨O-ÐO.

29
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nqfV SYLkM
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AvMnL^|ZaW°tM¤ KÐOfRÐpLeV Ws. CqOkfLU jPãLºMR£ vMyVopoLpM BqUnM\ÿO vtqOÐ
yMjMoRpÐ WspV¨OU SvrMR·LqO òLjoMsæ. KqO ^jpfpORa yLoPz|&yLUØLqMW AjOnv°Rt
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yMjMopORa KqO WLsZ·U joO¨OºLpMqOÐO. ArMS´L ArMpLRfSpL \Ms yLoPz| s{|°¥,
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vMs×j \q¨LpM oL}fU WLeOÐ KqO WP·U WsLSh~xMW¥ yMjMopV¨O kMÐM¤ yUZLaWqLpOU }yìL¨tLpOU
AqS°rMpSfLRapLeV CT hOqvò yU^LfoLpfV. yMjMo IÐ D¾ooLi|oR¾ jM¡ÇpU \PxeU
R\pÅV ohM\ÿO qyM¨OÐ C¨P·¡¨V yMjMopORa yLoPz|}ky©M I°Rj ojôMsLWLjLeV? "jLeU RW·OU
keU SjaMR¨LºL¤ jLeS¨aLÕeU fN¡¾ORWLçOU'' IÐ kuRoLuM oO}hLvLW|oLpMqM¨OSÒL¥
I°RjpLeV yLoPz| jÓpV ¨ LpM Av¡ SkLqLaOW? CtU ^NvMf°Rt AaMoOaM vuMRfãM\ÿ V ,
A}Wo¾MR£pOU RRsUYNWLqL^Wf~¾MR£pOU vuMWtMsL¨M AvRq RfqOvMsL¨OSÒL¥ jwM¨ÐfV
oz¾Lp RRkfQW°tOU yLUØLqMW kLqÒq|°tOU yLoPz| SmLivOoLReÐ yf|U BqrMpOÐO?
JRfËMsORoLqO Ws KqO qL^|¾MR£ yLoPz|vOU qL}ìNpvOU yLÒ¾MWvOoLp AaM¾r Ct¨M
}kfMxVbM¨OvL¢ f¨ }kLkÅMpOçfLReÐO krpL¢ AyLi|U. JRfËMsOU qL^|U WsL }kòLj°tMsPRa
vMkævWqoLp oLã°¥ RRWvqM\ÿfLpM ArMvMsæ. IÐLsOU, AkP¡vÿU \Ms yMjMoW¥ \Ms qL^|R¾ËMsOU
nqekqoLp \sj°¥ yQìM\ÿ M ·OçfLpM SW·rMvOºV . ArM´fO wqMpLReËM¤ yMjMopORa
qL}ìNpoLp }kfMWqeSwxMpLeV AfMjO WLqeRoÐO WLeLU. JfLpLsOU AfV CÍ|pMssæ .
yMjMopVR¨Ðsæ KqO WspV¨OU CÍ|pORa qL}ìNpLvòWRt y~LiNjM¨L¢ AaO¾ jLtOWtMRsLÐOU
yLi|vOosæ. A}fS¾LtU, WsWtM¤ jMÐV vM·V, yUØLq°tM¤ jMÐO WOfrM, iL¡ÚMW oPs|°tM¤ jMÐV
AWÐV , WOaOôLp \MÍLYfMWtM¤ v¡¾M\ÿ V Ai@kfSjLÓOXoLpM¾N¡ÐMqM¨OÐO jÚORa
yLoPz|LÍqN{U. y~pU SXhM¨OWSp vuMpOçP. IÐL¤ yMjMoRpÐSkLRs RRvvMi|vOU
RRvkOs|vOoL¡Ð KqO WsLqPkU RvrROf RRWpOU RW·M SjL¨MjMÐL¤ ofMSpL? \Pxev|vòMfMWRt
yoPzoj@yL{M¨OoOÒM¤ os¡R¨ fOrÐOWL·M WLqe¨LqLp hO¡nPf°tORa fjMy~qPkU
RvtM\ÿ ¾ ORWLºOvqOÐ qL}ìNp yMjMoWtLeV CÐOºLSWºfV . kS{, B Cj¾M¤ qL}ìNp
yMjMoWRtÐ oO}h yL¡gWoLvOÐ yMjMoW¥ DºLpM·OSºL? qL}ìNpU RRWWLq|U R\áOÐ \Ms
30
yMjMoW¥ DºLpM·OºV. kS{, ^LgWtOU RkLqM´ qL}ìNp }kyUY°tOU keMoOa¨OWtOU AuMofMWtOU
KR¨ WL·MpL¤ oL}fU qL}ìNp yMjMopLWOSoL? Csæ . ojOx|R£ yLoPz|^NvMf¾MRs
hO¡ZaLvòWRtpOU, nqeLiMWLqMv¡YU AfMSjLaV I°Rj }kfMWqM¨OÐO IÐfMRjpOU,
\PxeLfNfoLp KqO nqeyUØLqU jMsvM¤vSqºfMR£ Bvw|WfSppOU }kfMkLhM¨OÐ I}f
yMjMoWtOºV CÍ|pM¤? AkP¡vÿ U \Ms AkvLh°¥ nLqfNp nLxWtM¤ yUnvM\ÿ M ·MRsæ Ð sæ .
ospLt¾MsOoOºV KÐOqRº¹U. C¾q¾MsOºLpM·Oç AkP¡vÿU oLfQWW¥ kbjvMSipoLS¨ºfOU
yMjMopORa wL©MWoLp WuMvOW¥ }kSpL^jRÕaOS¾ºfOoOºV . ASÕLuLeV yL¡gWoLp
nLqfNp\s\ÿ M }fU qPkRoaO¨OÐfV . qL}ìNp ff~wLyV } f°¥¨fNfoLpM ojOx|^NvMfR¾
yoPzmÈoLpM WºV \M}f°¥ DºL¨eU. yMjMoRpÐ WspORa D¾qvLhMf~vOU yLoPz|
}kfMmÈfpOU WsLÄWf~vOU A°RjpLeV WL·MR¨LaOS¨ºfV.
yLoP-z| }ky-©M-Rp-¨O-rM-\ÿV s-ZO \¡-\ÿ&S}WLcN-W-q-eU
\¡\ÿL yP\W°¥
yMjMopORa ^jyÚfM (Popularity)
^NvMfvOoLpOç mÌU
oPs|°¥
yLoPz|LvòWtORa }kfMlsjU
yLoP-z| }kwV-j-°¥ }kSo-p-oL-pO-ç JRf--ËM-sOU KqO os-pL-t yMjM-o-Rp-¨O-rM-\ÿV jMqP-k-e-¨O-
rM-ÕV fáL-rL-¨O-W.
RkqO-o-u-¨L-sU
vMsL-k-°-¥-¨-ÕO-rU
Ar-mM-¨-g
RvrO-Rf KqO nLq|
yLoP-z| }kwVj
- °
- ¥ }kS-op
- o
- L-pM vqO-Ð oãO yMjM-oW
- tOU kqM-Ye
- M-¨LU

}kv¡¾jU & 2
Dkj|LyU fáLrL¨LU

WsLo¼sU WQxVe¢ jLpqORa jv-qy

- L-nM-jp
- \M}f-°¥ WL¡-cO-Wt
- M-sL-¨M }YPÕO-W¥-¨O j¤-
WO-ÐO.

Ai|LkMWSpLaV
jvqy°tORa v¡¹\M}f°¥ fRÐ
DkSpLYM¨L¢ }woM¨OoSsæL

31
KLSqL \M}f-¾M-sOU ja¢ Av-f-qM-ÕM-\ÿM-·O-ç qyL-nM-j-pU fMqM-\ÿ-rM-pL¢ WuM-pO-ÐO-SºL? Av JRfL-
R¨-pL-eV? jv-q-y-°-Rt-¨O-rM-\ÿV \¡-\ÿ R\áO-ÐO. fOa¡ÐV \¡\ÿ AnMjp qNfMWtMSs¨V jpM¨OÐO.

\fO¡-vM-iL-nM-j-p qNfM-W¥
BUYM-WU & AUYU, }kf|UYU, DkLUYU IÐMvpORa yzLpS¾LRa
ja¾OÐ AnMjpU
AUYU : wMqôV, RRWÕaU, oLrV, kL¡w~U, AqR¨·V, kLhU
}kf|LUYU : nO^U, RRWW¥, kM¢nLYU, vprV, fOaW¥,
WeËLsOW¥
DkLUYU : WQxVeoeM, W¦SkLt, kOqMWU, oP¨V, \OºV,
ksæV, jLvV, WuO¾V
vL\M-WU & vL¨OW¥ RWLºV Bwp }kWLwjU ja¾OÐfV
BzL-q|-U & SvxnPxLhMWtORa AsËLqS¾LaO WPaMp AnMjpU
yLf~M-WU & yLf~MW nLv°tORa }kWajU(yf~U&ojôV,
f²j|oLp vMWLqU yLf~MWU)
yLf~MW nv°¥ : Sy~hU, ñUnU, SqLoLµU, RRvv¡e|U, y~qnUYU, Svvg, AèO,}ktpU
jv-q
- y
- L-nM-jp
- U \fO¡-vM-iL-nM-jp
- qNfM-Wt
- M¤ JfV vMnL-Y¾
- M¤-RÕ-aO-ÐO? WO-·M-W¥ WRº-¾OÐO

Ai|LkMWSpLaV
jvqyLnMjpU yLf~MWLnMjp¾MsLeV RkaOÐRfÐOU oãnMjp
qNfMW¥ AfMjV yzLpWoLpvpLReÐOoOç iLqe WO·MWtM¤
DrÕM¨OU vMiU \¡\ÿ jpM¨OoSsæL

Wg-W-tM, jLa-WU, yMjM-o IÐN hQ-w|-W-s-W¥ \fO¡-vM-iL-nM-j-p qNfM-W-tM¤ JRfL-R¨-pL-eV y~NW-qM-\ÿM-

·O-ç-R-f-ÐV \¡-\ÿ R-\-áO-ÐO.
\¡-\ÿ-pM-sP-Ra qPkN-W-qM-¨-RÕ-aO-Ð Bwp-°¥ \L¡-·M¤ SqX-R-Õ-aO-¾O-ÐO.

}kSf|-W yzL-pU A¡-zM-¨O-Ð WO·M-W¥-¨V SqX-RÕ-aO-¾M-p \L¡-·O-W¥

j¤-WLU. AfM-Rs Bw-p-°¥ Av¡ yz-kL-bM-W-tO-oL-pOU q{M-fL-¨-tO-
oL-pOU kËO-v-pV-¨O--Ð-fM-jO-ç jM¡-SÇ-wU j¤-WO-o-SsæL?

fOa¡ÐV "AnM- j - p - ¾ M- R £ AfM- q O- W ¥' }YPÕO- W - t M¤ vLpM- ¨ O- Ð O. yP\W°tORa

AaMòLj¾M¤ \¡\ÿ R\pÅV WOrMÕV fáLrL¨OÐO. AvfqeU S}WLcNWqeU.
\¡\ÿL yP\W°¥
Aq°MRs jajOU fMqêNspMRs jajOU
S}k{W¡
yUvMiLpWR£ òLjU
yLSËfMW vMh|
yMjMo&WspOU v|vyLpvOU

32
fOa¡ÐV WO·MW¥ v|©MYfoLpM Dkj|LyU fáLrL¨R·.
vMxpU : jaR£ òLjU Aq°MsOU RvçM¾MqpMsOU.
AiMW vLpjpV¨V
Wg-W-tM }kSv-wM-W &R}kLl: v·ÕrÒM¤ SYLkMjLgkMç
A-nM-j-pU&AjO-n-vU& nq-fV-S-YL-kM
\s-\ÿM-}f yoN--{&vM^-p-WQ-xVe¢
AnM-j-p-¾M-R£ qy-f-}Í-U & nq-fV oO-q-tM
jLa-W h¡-Õ-eU & I¢.I¢.kMç
jLa-WU W¹M-R£ Ws & aM.kM.yOWO-oL-q¢
fMq¨g : yMÈLÍvOU }kSpLYvOU & ScL: B¡.vM.IU.hMvLWq¢

}kv¡¾jU & 3
k·MW fáLrL¨LU
Wg-W-tM, yMjM-o, jLa-WU IÐM-v-pM-Rs AnM-j-p oPzP¡-¾-°¥ \M}fN-W-qM-\ÿM-·O-ç yM.cM. }kh¡-
wM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO
oP-ÐO Ws-W-tM-Ss-pOU AnM-j-p qNfM-W-tM-Rs v|f|L-yU v|©-oL-¨O-Ð fq-¾M¤ KqO k·M-W fáL-
rL-¨-R·.
jLa-WU y
- M-jM-o W
- g
- W
- t
- M

A-nM-jp
- ¾
- M¤ \M}fNWqe yop¾V - \M-·-RÕ-aO-¾M-p
WPaO-f¤ fÓ--p-f~U AnM-j-p-¾M¤ fO-a¡-\ÿ-pM-sæ oO}h-Wt
- OU \s-j°
- t
- OU

fjM-op
- L¡-Ð kM¢-kL-·V
vL\M-WL-nM-j-pU c-mÿMUYM-sP-Ra-pO-ç wmÉU

nLvL-nM-j-pU vM-hP-q- Svx-vOU SWLÕO-W-tOU

ò-qL-p WLeM-W¥-¨V yoN-k hQ-w|-°t
- O-Ra AnM-j - p
- ¾
- M-jV
v|©-oL-vO-ÐM-sæ yLi|-f oMuM-Sv-WO-ÐO.

}kv¡¾jU & 4
BoOX }knLxeU fáLrL¨LU
Wg-W-tMpORa \a-°O-W¥, Svx-°¥, yUYN-fU IÐM-v D¥-R¨L-º yM.cM.}kh¡-wM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.
fOa¡-ÐV "wWO-jM-ÕM-u fv ^jM-fU' Wg-W-tM Av-f-q-e-¾M-R£ yM.cM.pOU }kh¡-wM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.
jM°¥ Wº Wg-W-tM vM-h|L-qU-Y-¾M-R£ BnM-oO-X|-¾M¤ ØPtM¤ yUZ-aM-ÕM-¨O--W-pL-eV. jM°-
tL-eV BoO-X }knL-x-eU ja-S¾-º-fV. BoO-X }knL-x-e-¾M¤ IRÍ-sæL-oL-eV D¥-RÕ-aO-S¾-º-fV?
WæLôM¤ RkLfO \¡\ÿ
S}WLcNWqeU
WgL-yL-qU, WgL-y-Î-¡-nU
WgL-kL-}f-°-tOU Sv-x-¨L-qOU
Av-fq
- e
- ¾
- M-R£ }ky-©M
Wg-Wt
- M IÐ WsLqPkU
33
 C¨L-q|-°¥ BoO-XnLxe-¾M¤ D¥-RÕ-aO-S¾-º-fO-ºV.
aN\ÿ¡ fáL-rL-¨M j¤-WM-p SjL·N-yV }kSpL-^-j-RÕ-aO-¾M-R¨L-ºV BoO-X nLx-eU
v|©M-Y-f-oL-pM fáL-rL--¨-R·.

vMh|L-qU-YU WsL-yL-zM-f|-S- v-hM

Yv¦--Ro£V RRzØP¥ Rja-O-S°LU -kL-·V : kLs-jL-aV hMvL-W-q¢, WsL-o-
2009 ^PsL-pV 15 RRvWO-SÐ-qU 4 oeM ¼-sU CT-w~-q-jO-¹M
R\º : yh-jU zqM-WO-oL¡
Wg-W-tM oÇ-tU : SWL°L-aV wMv-qL-o¢
SvxU : oL¡-YM vMw~U-n-q¢(C}΢) ,
Wg : jt-\q - M-fU SWL·-¨¤ oi-O (WsM)
Av-f-q-eU Wg-W-tM-p-q-°V, ká-ÐP¡

WsL-Sy- z -Ô M-WR - t,
ØP¥ vMh|L-qU-Y - U WsL-yL-zM-f|-Sv-hM-pO-Ra Bn-Mo- O-X|-¾M¤ ØP¥ KLcM-SãL-rM-p¾ - M¤ Rv\ÿV ká-ÐP¡ Wg-W-
tM-pq
- °- V "jt-\q - M-fU Wg-Wt- M' Av-fq
- M-ÕM-¨O-ÐO. B·-¨g - W - t
- M¤ yvM-Sw-x}- kL-iL-j|-oO-ç D¹L-pM-vL-q|-q- O-Ra "jt-\ - -
qM-f
- '- ¾MRs D²~-s oOzP¡-¾° - ¥ Aq-°M¤ De-qO-ÐO. SsL-SWL-¾q - WæLyM-WV hQw|-Ws - L qPk-oL-p Wg-Wt - M-pO-Ra
nLv-qL-Yf - L- t
- S- o-t°- ¥ C-f¥ vMqM-pO-Ð CT SvhM-pM-Ss-¨V Jv¡-¨OU y~LY-fU
& R\p¡-oL¢,
vMh|-Lq - U- Y
- U

}kv¡¾jU & 5
vL¡¾ fáLrL¨LU
"oPÐO k-¼M-f-ÓL-qOU kSq-f-jL-p yMU-z-vOU' }YPÕO-W-tM¤ vLpM-¨O-ÐO. }YPÕO-W-¥ jL-a-W-¾M-
Rs Bw-p-R¾ vMw-W-s-j-¾M-jO vMSi-p-oL-¨O-ÐO.
\¡-\Lÿ y
- P-\W
- °
- ¥
k¼M-f-ÓL¡, yMUzU -C-v-¡ IÍM-R£ }kfN-W-°-tL-eV?
yo-WL-sM-W yoP-z-¾M¤ C¾-qU BtO-W-Rt WLeL¢ WuM-pO-ÐO--SºL?
vMhP-x-W¢ IÐ WgL-kL-}f-¾M-jV CT jLa-W-¾M-sO-ç òLj-Ro--ÍL-eV?
CT jLa--W-¾M-R£ }kSo-pU yo-WL-sM-W-oL-Re-Ð-fM-jV IRÍ-sæLU yP\-j-W¥ DºV?
CT jLa-WU \¡-\ÿ R\áO-Ð }kSo-pU C-ÐOU }ky-©-oL-SeL?
}YPÕM¤ \¡-\ÿ R\pÅV WRº-¾M-p WLq|-°¥ S}WLcN-W-qM-¨O--ÐO.
oPÐO k¼M-f¢-oL-qOU kSq-fj
- L-p yMUz-vOU IÐ jLa-W
- ¾
- M-R£ yo-WL-sM-W }ky-©M IÐ
vMx-p¾
- M¤-kL-j¤ \-¡\
- ÿ
}YPÕO-Wt
- M¤ kLj¤ \¡-\¨
-ÿ V Bv-w|-oL-p fáL-Rr-aO-ÕO-W¥ ja-¾M }YPÕV }kfM-jM-iM-Rp Rfq-R´-
-aO-¨O-ÐO.
SoLc-Sr-ã-rO-Ra kLj-sM¤ Rfq-R´-aO-¨-RÕ-· }kfMjMiMW¥ }k-wÔU Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.
kLj¤ \¡-\ÿ
AUY-°-tO-Ra-pOU SoLc-Sr-ã-rO-Ra-pOU Ca-Rk-a¤&SoLc-Sr-ã-rO-Ra S}WLcN-W-q-eU

\¡\ÿRp ByVkhoL¨M fOa¡ }kv¡-¾-j-oL-pM k}f vL¡¾ fáL-rL-¨O-W-pL-vLU.

34
 }kv¡¾jU & 2
RyoM-jL¡

jLa-WR - ¾-Õã - M RkLfO-v

- L-pM A-i|L-kM-W W
- Læ ô
- M¤ WO·M-Wt
- O-oL-pM \¡-\ÿ R\áO-ÐO. AnM-jp
- U, Av-
f-q-eU, -hQ-w|L-jO-n-vU, jLa-W vLp-j IÐN SoX-s-W-tM¤ DTÐM-jM-ÐO-RWL-ºV \¡-\ÿ jpM-¨O-ÐO.
jLa-W-°¥ WLeL-rO-SºL? Cì-oL-SeL? IÍO-RWL-ºV?
jLa-W-¾M-R£ RkLfO-vL-p }kSf|-W-f-W¥ IRÍ-sæLU?
jLa-W-¾M-R£ CÐ-R¾ Av-ò IÍ-L-eV?

Ai|LkMWSpLaV
os-pL-t-¾M-Rs }kw-ñ-qL-p jLa-W-WL-q-ÓL¡, Av-qO-Ra jLa-W-°¥, jLa-
W-¾M-R£ RkLfO yvM-Sw-xf - W
- ¥, Cf-q hQ-w|-Ws
- W
- t
- M¤ jMÐO-ç v|f|L-
yU, CÐ-R¾ Av-ò fOa-°M-p WLq|-°¥ \¡-\ÿ-pM¤ Wa-ÐO vq-eU.

S}WL-cN-Wq
- M-S¨-ºf
- V
WLSsL-\M-f-oL-p oL--ã-°¥ IsæL Ws-W-tM-sOU }kW-a-oL-eV. jLa-W-R¾ yUm-ÌM-\ÿV Av-f-q-eU,
qUY-y-²N-W-q-eU, Cf-M-vQ-¾U, }kSo-pU, AnM-j-pU, SvxU IÐM-v-Rp-sæLU oLã-°¥-¨V vMSi-p-oL-pM-
·O-ºV.
jÚO-Ra Bh|-WL-s jLa-W-°-tO-Ra RkLfO-y~-nL-vU I-ÍL-pM-qO-ÐO?
KLSqL WLs-Z-·-¾M-sOU jLa-W-¾M-jO vÐO-S\¡-ÐM-·O-ç oLã-°-Rt-ÍV?
S\Lh|-°-tO-Ð-pM-\ÿO-RWL-ºV vMx-p-¾M-Ss-¨V Wa--¨O-ÐO.
RyoMjL¡ vMxpU
os-pL-t- -jL-a-WU AÐOU CÐOU
Dk-vM-xp
- °
- ¥
os-pL-t jLa-WU }kLqU-n-Z-·U, \qM-}f jLa-W-°¥
yLoPz| jLa-W-°¥, fj-fO jLa-W-°¥
WO·M-W-tO-Ra jLa-W-°¥, y-o-WL-sM-W jLa-W-°¥
WO-·M-W-Rt BrO }YPÕO-W-tL-pM fMqM--\ÿV KLSqL }YP-ÕM-jOU Dk-vM-x-pU j¤-WO-ÐO. Bv-w|-oL-p vLp-
jL yLo-}YM-W-tOU j¤-WO-ÐO.
yLo-}YM-W¥
AÐ-R¾ jLaWU - TB
jLa-WU HB Page 106-108
os-pL-t jLa-W yLzM-f| -\-qM-}fU }ky-©-nL-YU&(^M.wË-q-ÕM-ç)
}YP-ÕO-W¥ vLpM--\ÿV vMw-W-s-jU R\áO-ÐO. RyoM-jL¡ }km-Ì-¾M-jO-ç WOrM-ÕV fáL-rL-¨O-ÐO.
WOrM-ÕO-W¥ vMW-yM--ÕM-¨O-vL¢ Ai|L-kM-W }YPÕM¤ Ca-Rk--·V yzL-pU j¤-SW-º-fL-eV.
RyoM-jL¡ yUZ-aM-ÕM-¨O-vL¢ oORÐL-qO-¨-°¥ ja-S¾-º-fL-eV.
KLSqL }YPÕOU }km-ÌU Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO. oãV }YPÕO-W¥ \¡-\ÿ-pM¤ Ca-Rk-·V yU-yL-qM-¨O-ÐO.
SoLc-Sr-ã¡ S}WLcN-W-qM-¨O-ÐO.
35
AjOmÌU:

jLaWvOU yMjMopOU
nqfV SYLkM

jPãLºOWtORa \qM}foOç jLaWvOU KqO jPãLºO oL}fU }kLpoOç yMjMopOU CqOk¾MKÐLU

jPãLºMR£ kaMvLfMsM¤ I¾MjM¤¨OÐ ojOx|yoPz¾MjV KuMvL¨LjLWL¾vMiU
vt¡ÐORWLºMqM¨OÐ qºO WsLqPk°tLeV. hQw|oLeV qºMR£pOU AaMòLj }koLeRoËMsOU
vL\|nUYMRWLºV jLaWvOU hQw|nUYM RWLºV yMjMopOU SvrM·OjM¤¨OÐO. "nUYM' IÐfORWLºV
vMv{M¨OÐfV yTÎq|wLyV}fkqoLp nUYMpLeV.
BiOjMWfpORa ySËf°¥ qºO SoXsWStpOU y~LiNjM¨OÐORºËMsOU B
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36
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(AnMjpU AjOnvU IÐ WQfMpM¤ jMÐV)

37
 nLYU 5
jSvL-ÀL-j WvM-f

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}kv¡¾jU & 1
WvMfpMRs BwpU vMwhNWqM¨LU
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& sNs

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RoÐ-sp -æ L-uM-pO-RoL-qM-¨¤ jwM-¨O-SoL¡-¾L¤''
& vNekPvV

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& jtM-j
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CT v-qM-W-Rt-uO--fM-p \L¡-·V }kh¡-wM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.
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^NvM-R¾-¨O-rM-\ÿO-ç yË-s×-°¥
f¾~--\M-Í
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yP\-W°
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^NvM-f-R¾-¨O-rM-\ÿO-ç WvM-pO-Ra yË-s×-Ro-ÍV?

38
 C-¾-q-RoL-qO y-Ë-s×-¾M-Ss-¨V WvM -I-¾M-S\ÿ-qO-vL¢ WLq-e-Ro-ÍV?
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}kv¡¾jU & 2
vMwWsj¨OrMÕV fáLrL¨LU
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""hOì-Õ-qO-ÍM-R£ vLpM¤ jMÐN YfM&

RW· WSkL-fM-Rp hNj-m-SÌL,
A-¶-yL vNRº-aO-R¾¢ fMqO-So-jM f¢
k¶-qU fÐM-s-epV-S¨-e-So! ''
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sP-Ra WvM Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-Ð-fV.
CT WvM-fL nLY-°-tO-oL-pM mÌ-RÕ-aO-¾M yV-}fN-W¥ CÐV yoP-z-¾M¤ SjqM-aO-Ð }kwV-j-°¥
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\
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sn|-oL-¨L-jOU è-ÈM-¨O-o-SsæL?
I°-Rj vMs-pM-qO-¾LU?
vMs-pM-qO-¾¤ yP\-W°
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yV}fN-W¥ SjqM-aO-Ð }kwV-j-°¥ fMqM-\ÿ-rM-´M-·O-ºV
y~ÍU jMqN-{-eU Av-f-qM-ÕM--\ÿM-·O-ºV
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39
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yV-}fN-W¥ CÐV yoP-z-¾M¤ jMq-v-iM }kwV-j-°¥ SjqM-aO-ÐO-ºV.
yV}fN-W¥-¨V A¡-z-oL-p òLjU yoP-z-¾M¤ snM-S¨-º-fO-ºV
yV-}fN-f~U o-z-f~ kP¡-¹-vOU Bh-qM-¨-RÕ-Sa-º-fO-oL-eV.

}kv¡¾jU & 3
fLqfo|¨OrMÕV fáLrL¨LU

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oLi-vU oL-´O-SkL-pV, oLÒP RWLuM-´O-SkL-pV
kLvU kPËO-pM¤ oL}f-oL-pV
CT vqM-W-Rt-uO-fM-p \L¡-·V }kh¡-wM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.
(sn|-oL-WO-Ro-ËM¤ yM.cM. Dk-SpL-YM-\ÿV YLjU SW¥-ÕM-¨O-o-SsæL?)
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CT YLj-¾M-R£ Bw-pU IÍL-eV?
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"KL¡-Ú-pO-Ra oLiO--q|U' IÐ WvM-f-pO-oL-pM CT YLj-R¾
mÌ-RÕ-aO-¾O-vL¢ WuM-pO-SoL? I°-Rj ?
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vy-Í-WL-s-¾M-Rs }ke-p-yV-o-q-e-W¥ qºM-Sj-pOU hNkÅ-oL-¨O-ÐO.

40
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42
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43
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 6

WgL yLzMf|U

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ospLt SjLv¤&KqO jMqN{eU
SsLWLvyLjU

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vt¡\ÿ p OU jL¥vuMpOU yUmÌM\ÿ iLqe qPkRÕSaºfOºV . w©oLp yLoPzMW
}kwVj°tOU RRvp©MWLjOnv°tOU }kSopoLpM vqOÐ WgWtOU SjLvsOWtOU WO·MW¥¨V
vLpjLjOnvoL WeU. WQfMWtORa By~Lhj¾MjOU y~f}Íq\jpMSs¡RÕaOÐfMjOç
Avyq¾MjOU oO¢fP¨U snM¨OWRpÐ kbj s{|U yLi|oLWOÐ }kv¡¾j°¥
ByP}feU R\áL¢ èoM¨OoSsæL?

}kv¡¾jU & 1
WgW¥ vMwWsjU R\áLU

kM.vÃspORa WLv¤ IÐ Wg WO·MW¥ vLpM¨OÐO. WgRp¨OrM\ÿV WæLôM¤ RkLfO \¡\ÿ

ja¾OÐO.
WgpORa WPaOf¤ vMwWsj¾MjLpM KqO v¡¨V xNãV \L¡·M¤ }kh¡wMÕM¨OÐO.
v¡¨V xNãV &yP\j
CT WgpORa }kSopU IÍLeV?
WgLkL}f°¥ BRqLR¨?
CT WgpMRs }kiLj yUnv°¥ IRÍLR¨?
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WgRp¨OrM\ÿOç jM°tORa AnM}kLpU?
v¡¨VxNãMR£ AaMòLj¾M¤ }YPÕOW¥ WgRp vMspMqO¾OÐO. Ai|LkMW }YPÕOWtM¤
CaRk·V Bvw|oLp yzLpU j¤WOÐO. }kiLj BwpU WRº¾OÐO. WRº¾Mpv
AvfqMÕM¨OÐO.
Ai|LkMW Bwp S}WLcNWqeU ja¾OÐO. S}WLcNWqeU ja¾M \L¡·V R\áOÐO.

44
S}WLcNWqMS¨ºfV
S^LYM kLvRÕ· BhMvLyM WOaOUm¾MRs AUYoLeV.
R\rMp }kLp¾M¤ fRÐ WLv¤ S^LsM R\áL¢ jMSpLYM¨RÕaOÐO
AUYNWLq¾MjV RWLfM¨OÐ mLsojôMR£ }kfNWU
BÄvMw~LyS¾LRa nLqM\ÿ D¾qvLhM¾U JRãaO¨OÐO
mLs|¾MR£ kqMoMfMW¥ Av¢ AjOnvM¨OÐO
\PxeU R\áRÕaOÐ KqO ^jvMnLY¾MR£ hpjNpoLp ^NvMfLvò
S^LYMpORa WLuV\ÕLaMsPRapLeV Wg krpOÐfV....

SjaMp iLqeWtORa RvtM\ÿ¾M¤ WLv¤ IÐ WgpV¨V vMwWsj WOrMÕV fáLrL¨L¢

Bvw|RÕaOÐO.
v|©MYfoLpM WO·MW¥ WOrMÕOW¥ fáLrL¨OÐO
fáLrL¨Mpv y~pU vMspMqO¾L¢ AvyqU j¤WOÐO.
CT }k}WMpWtM¤ Ai|LkMW CaRkaOÐO.
kqMYej A¡zM¨OÐ WO·MW¥¨V oãV WO·MWtORa yzLpU DrÕOvqO¾OÐO.

}kv¡¾jU & 2 I
RyoMjL¡ }kmÌU fáLrL¨OW

Sv°pM¤ WO´MqLo¢ jLpjL¡, SWwvShvV , IU.aM., IU.oOWO΢, I¢.}knLWq¢

IÐMvqORa JRfËMsOU WgW¥ }YPÕOWtM¤ vLpj¨LpM j¤WOÐO. CT WgLWQ¾O¨tORa
mSpLcLãWtOU AffO }YPÕM¤ j¤WeU. }YPÕOWtM¤ Wg \¡\ÿ R\pÅV }YPÕMR£ sNc¡oL¡ WgpORa
yvMSwxfW¥ (}kSopU, nLx, WLsU....) AvfqMÕM¨OÐO.
CT WRº¾sOWtORa AaMòLj¾M¤ KLSqL WgLWQ¾OU KLSqL WLsR¾ }kvefWtORa
}kfMjMiMWtLReÐ iLqe WO·MWtM¤ DrÕM¨L¢ Ai|LkMW èÈM¨eU.
jPrO vpôO WuM´ ospLt WgpORa v|f|ñ WLsR¾ÕãMpOU }kvefWRt¨OrM\ÿOU
WPaOf¤ ojôMsL¨L¢ KqO RyoMjLrLWLoSsæL?
vMxpU : ospLt Wg
IRÍLR¨ DkvMxp°tLWLU ?
ospLt WgpORa Bh|WLsU
kqMv¡¾j WLsU
WgpMRs BiOjMWf
D¾qLiOjMW WLsU

45
 kM.SWwvShvV (1904&1983)
1904 ¤ BYyVfM¤ ^jM\ÿO. Wo|PeMðV Bwp }k\LqWjOU yLzMf| }kv¡¾W yzWqe
yUZU }kyMcºOoLpMqOÐO. SWqt yLzMf| A¨LhoM }kyMcºV, yLzMf| kqMx¾V jM¡vLzW yoMfM
AUYU IÐN jMsWtM¤ }kv¡¾M\ÿM·OºV. SWqt yLzMf| A¨LhoM AvL¡cOU SyLvMpãV sL£V AvL¡cOU
snM\ÿM·OºV. 1983 ¤ AÍqM\ÿO. KLapM¤ jMÐV, Ap¤¨L¡, jaM, }nLÍLspU, DsWU, y~kÔU, W¹LaM,
AiMWLqU, rTcM fOa°Mp SjLvsOWtOU RfqR´aO¾ WgW¥ qºO nLY°¥ D¥RÕRa kfMjµO
R\rOWgL yoLzLq°tOU IfM¡ÕV , fMqM´OSjL·U IÐN BÄWgL }YÏ°tOU JfLjOU
jLaW°tOoLeV ShvMR£ WQfMW¥.

I¢.}knLWq¢
1952 cMyÒ¡ 30 jV W¹P¡ ^MsæpMRs krêMjM¨avM¤ ^jM\ÿO. Wg, SjLv¤, jLaWU, WvMf,
jMqPkeU IÐN yLzMf|SoXsWtM¤ CqOkfMsiMWU WQfMW¥ }kyMÈNWqM\ÿM·OºV. 1971 ¤ oLfQnPoM
WgLoÃq¾M¤ "KãpLR£ kLÕL¢' KÐLU òLjU SjaM. "kOsM^ÓU' 1987 ¤ JãvOU oMW\ÿ
jLaWq\pV¨Oç SWqt yUYNf jLaW A¨LhoM kOqyVWLqU, 1988 ¤ R\rOWLaV AvL¡cV, SWqt
yLzMf| A¨LhoM AvL¡cV IÐMvpOU SjaM. "qL}fM RoLuM' IÐ WgL yoLzLq¾MjV 1996 Rs SWqt
yLzMf| A¨LhoM AvL¡cV snM\ÿM·OºV.
}kiLj WQfMW¥ : KãpLR£ kLÕL¢, orOkMrvM, qL}fMRoLuM, kr¨OU kqvfLjM, Wg, oLpLop¢,
I¢.}knLWqR£ WgW¥ (WgLyoLzLq°¥), JuMjOU oNRf, ^ÍO^ÓU, nPfnPoM, mzOv\jU, AhQw|
vj°¥, fMpP¡ SqXW¥, ^NvR£ RftMvOW¥, ^jWg(SjLvsOW¥), kOsM^ÓU,
oqe¨Me¡(jLaW°¥), WL¤ja(WvMf), WgSfaOÐ Wg, WgLÄWU, oTj¾MR£ oOu¨°¥
(kbj°¥), CUYæNxV, zMÎM, foMuV, RfsOËV, DrOhO IÐN nLxWtMSs¨V WgW¥ kqMnLxRÕaO¾MpM·OºV.

IU.aM. vLyOShv¢ jLp¡

1933 ^PsLpV 15 jV WPasæPqM¤ ^jM\ÿO. Ai|LkW¢, k}fLiMk¡, fMq¨gLWQ¾V, yMjMoL
yUvMiLpW¢ IÐN jMsWtM¤ }kwñjLpM.
}kiLjWQfMW¥ : o´V , WLsU, jLsORW·V , AyOqvM¾V , vMsLkpL}f, kLfMqLvOU
kW¤RvtM\ÿvOU, ArmMRÕLÐV, qºLoPuU, vLqeLyM (SjLvsOW¥) CqO·MR£ BÄLvV, KLtvOU fNqvOU,
WOS·|a¾M, vLqM¨OuM, kfjU, mÌjU, y~¡YU fOr¨OÐ yopU, jMR£ KL¡ÚpV¨,V vLj}kòU,
IU.aM.pORa RfqR´aO¾ WgW¥, cL¡.IyV.ysLU, q©U kOqº o¦fqMW¥, RvpMsOU jMsLvOU,
WtMvNaV, SvhjpORa kP¨¥, Rx¡sWV(WgW¥) SYLkOq japM¤(jLaWU), WLgMWR£ Ws, WLgMWR£
keMÕOq, fjMRp (pL}fLvMvqeU), IU.aM.pORa fMq¨gW¥, kµLYVjM, jX{f°¥, RRvwLsM,
RkqOÍ\ÿ¢, KqO R\rO kOµMqM, KqO va¨¢ vNqYLg, jYqSo jÎM, jMu sL·U(fMq¨gW¥), hp IÐ
Rk¦WO·M, f}ͨLqM, oLeMW|¨sæ(V mLsyLzMf|U)
\s\ÿM}f°¥¨V yUòLj &ShwNp kOqyVWLq°¥ snM\ÿO. "qºLoPu'¾MjV vpsL¡ AvL¡cOU
jLsORW·V, y~¡YU fOr¨OÐ yopU, SYLkOq japM¤ IÐN WQfMW¥¨V SWqt yLzMf| A¨LhoM
AvL¡cOU, "WLs'¾MjV SW}Î yLzMf| A¨LhoM AvL¡cOU "vLj}kò'¾MjV KLa¨Ou¤ AvL¡cOU
snM\ÿM·OºV. 1996 ¤ ³LjkNb kOqyVWLq¾MjV A¡zjLpM.
46
 IU.oOWO΢
1942 & ¤ }lµV AiMjSvw }kShwoLpMqOÐ oáuMpM¤ RykÅÒ¡ 10 jV ^jM\ÿO. jvNjoLp
KqO nLvOWf~ kqMeLo¾MSs¨V ospLt yLzMf|R¾ jpM\ÿvqM¤ }koOX¢. 1961 ¤ Bh|R¾
Wg }kyMÈNWqM\ÿO. }kiLj WQfMW¥ : BhMf|jOU qLipOU oãO \MsqOU, RRhv¾MR£ vMWQfMW¥,
oáuMÕOupORa fNq°tM¤, BvMsLpMRs yPSq|LhpU, CT SsLWU AfMRsLqO ojOx|¢, W¹LaMpORa
WLuV\, zqMh~LrM¤ oeMW¥ oOu°OÐO, BWLw¾MjO \Ov·M¤, h¤zM, rx|, jYVjjLp fÒOqL¢,
WMtM vÐO vMtM\ÿSÕL¥, KqO htMfV pOvfMpORa WhjWg, yNf, SWvwvR£ vMsLk°¥, jQ¾U,
}kvLyM, kOspÕL·V(SjLvsOW¥) AµqvpôOç WO·M, vNaV, jhMpOU SfLeMpOU, JuLoR¾ kPvV,
Svw|WRt jM°¥R¨LqÒsU, SfvMaMêM¨MtM, zQhpvfMpLp Rk¦WO·M, kLvLapOU
mM¨MjMpOU(WgLyoLzLq°¥), IÍLeV BiOjMWf( kbjU)
SWqt yLzMf| A¨LhoM AvL¡cV, vpsL¡ AvL¡cV, IU.kM.SkL¥ AvL¡cV fOa°Mp
KS·Rr kOqyVWLq°¥ snM\ÿM·OºV.

Sv°pM¤ WO´MqLo¢ jLpjL¡ (1860&1914)

vaS¨ osmLrMRs oLfoUYs¾V }kyMÈoLp Sv°pM¤ frvL·M¤ 1860 KWVSaLmrM¤
^jM\ÿO. ftMÕrÒV, SWLuMS¨LaV, ohMqLwM IÐMvMa°tM¤ vMh|Ln|LyU ja¾M. RRyhLSÕ·
WL¡xMWSWLSt^M¤ jMÐV WQxMwLyV}fvOU kbM\ÿO. 1892 ¤ osmL¡ cMyV}aMWVãV SmL¡cV RoÒrLpM.
S^L¡²V \}Wv¡¾MpORa k·LnMSxWU yUmÌM\ÿV }mM·NxV Yv¦Ro£V WN¡¾M oO}h yÚLjM\ÿO.
1912& ¤ osmL¡, h{Me W¡¹LaWU IÐN ^MsæWtMRs ^ÓMoLqORa }kfMjMiMpLpM ohMqLwM
jMpoynpM¤ AUYoLpM. 1914 jvUm¡ 14 jMpoynpM¤ }kyUYM\ÿO WuM´SÕL¥ zQhpñUnjU
oPsU AÍqM\ÿO. A¨LsR¾ }kyMÈ k}fSsXWjLpMqOÐO WO´MqLo¢ jLpjL¡. SWyqM IÐ
fPsMWL jLo¾MsLpMqOÐO JRr q\jWtOU jM¡vzM\ÿf.V v}^ mLzO, v}^yP\M, ShwLnMoLj
fOa°Mp SkqOWtMsOU SkqO RvpV¨LRfpOU iLqLtU Dkj|Ly°tOU j¡ÚSsXj°tOU
R\rOWgWtOU IuOfMpMqOÐO. "SWyqM' IÐ SkqM¤ Dkj|Ly°tOU WgWtOU oãOoa°Mp KqO
yoLzLqU 1910 ¤ }kyMÈRÕaO¾M. ospLt R\rOWgL }kòLj¾MR£ }kLqUnWjLeV SWyqM
jLpjL¡. 1891 ¤ vMh|LvMSjLhMjM oLyMWpM¤ }kyMÈRÕaO¾Mp Bh|R¾ R\rOWg vLyjL
vMWQfM SWyqMpOSaRfÐV RkLfORv AUYNWqM¨RÕ·M·OºV. oLfQnPoM mOWVyV }kyMÈNWqM\ÿ
"SWyqM jLpjLqORa WQfMW¥' BeV }kyMÈNWqM¨RÕ· oRãLqO WQfM. vLyjLvMWQfM,
SoSjL¨MRp RWLÐfLqV, h~Lq, IR£ AjOnvU, ohMqLwMÕM¾sL·U, KqO RkL· nLY|U, kqoL¡ÀU,
WgRpLÐOosæ IÐMv }kiLj WgWtLeV. nLxSppOU yLzMf|R¾pOU B\Lq°RtpOU
WQxMSppOU RRvh|S¾pOU yUmÌM\ÿ KS·Rr SsXjWtOU ASÇzU q\M\ÿM·OºV.

47
 Ai|LkMW WO·MWRt AµV }YPÕOWtL¨OWpOU KLSqL }YPÕMjOU KLSqL WLsZ·°tOoLpM
mÌRÕ· vLpjL yLo}YMW¥ j¤WOWpOU R\áOÐO.
100 v¡xU 100 Wg& BoOXU & IcM: RW.IyV. qvMWOoL¡
ospLt R\rOWgL yLzMf| \qM}fU & ScL: IU.IU.mxN¡ (SWqt yLzMf| A¨LhoM)
nLxL Yh| yLzMf| \qM}fU&aM.IU.\OÚL¡
R\rOWg CÐRs CÐV &IU.A\|Of¢
WgpORa Wg & RW.IyV.qvMWOoL¡(\MÍL kmæMS¨x¢yV)
RRWqtMpORa Wg&I¢.WQxVeÕMç
}YPÕOW¥ jM¡ÇMìnLYU vLpM\ÿV vMwWsjU R\pÅV }kmÌ°¥ fáLrL¨OÐO. Bvw|oLp
yzLpU Ai|LkMW j¤WOÐO.
}kmÌU fáLrL¨OSÒL¥ }YPÕOW¥ kqMYeMS¨ºfV
R\rOWgLyLzMf|¾M¤ jM¡ÇMì WLsZ·¾MR£ RkLfOvLp yvMSwxfW¥,
}kvefW¥
}kiLj WgLWQ¾O¨¥ }kiLj WQfMW¥&}kSf|W kqLo¡wU

WgpORa jL¥vuM
1. }kLqUn Z·U (KÐLUfsoOr)
yUnv }kiLjSoL vMvqe }kiLjSoL
Bp }kSop°¥
Sv°pM¤ WO´MqLo¢ jLpjL¡,
AÒLaM jLqLpe RkLfOvL¥
2. kqMv¡¾jZ·U (qºLUfsoOr) ^NvMf/
yLoPz|pLgL¡À|°¥ }kSopU
fWuM, mxN¡, ShvV, RkL¢WOÐUv¡¨M,
stMfLUmMW AÍ¡^jU....
3. WLs×jMW WLsU(oPÐLU fsoOr)
nLvYNfS¾LaaO¾O. v|©M SW}Î mMÎO
IU.aM., aM.kÄjLn¢......
4. BiOjMWf (jLsU fsoOr)
oPs|jMqLyU, AñMf~ hO@XU
y¨rMp, K.vM.vM^p¢, oOWO΢.....
5. D¾qLiOjMWf (AµLU fsoOr)
Wg ^NvMfpLgL¡À|S¾LaaO¾O.
\}ÎofM, I¢.}knLWq¢, ASwLW¢ \qOvM¤

CT }kv¡¾j¾MR£ nLYoLpM RyoMjL¡ }kmÌ°¥ fáLrLpM¨uM´O. RyoMjL¡

}kmÌLvfqevOoLpM mÌRÕ·V IRÍsæLU oORÐLqO¨°tLeV jaS¾ºfV IÐV WO·MW¥ \¡\ÿ
R\áeU.
48
 }kv¡¾jU & 1 mM
{e¨¾V

RyoMjL¡ Avfqe¾M¤ KqO oOX|LfMgM BvLU. WO·MW¥ AfMgMRp fNqOoLjM¨OÐO.

ASÇzR¾ {eM¨LjLpM {e¨¾V fáLrL¨OÐO.
KqO {e¨¾V I°RjpLeV fáLrL¨OW? RkLfO\¡\ÿ . SjaMp iLqeWtORa
AaMòLj¾MsLeV }YPÕOW¥ {e¨¾V fáLrLS¨ºfV.
fáLrL¨MpfV yP\W°tORapaMòLj¾M¤ vMspMqO¾OÐO.
Zaj kLsM\ÿM·OºV
D\MfoLp nLx y~NWqM\ÿM·OºV
Bvw|oLp vMvq°¥ D¥RÕaO¾MpM·OºV.
Ro\ÿRÕaO¾Mp {e¨¾V RkLfOvLpM AvfqMÕM¨OÐO.

CWSN-1 : yvM-Sw-x yzL-pU A¡-zM-¨O-Ð WO·M-W¥-¨V W¾M-R£ oL-f-Q-W-

W¥ vLpM-\ÿV kqM-\-p-RÕ-aO-¾M-R¨L-ºV \¡-\ÿ-pM¤ WO·M-W-tO-Ra kËL-tM-¾U
aN\ÿ¡ Dr-ÕO-v-qO-¾O-W-pOU C¾-qU WO·M-W-tM¤ v|©M-è-È kfM-ÕM-\ÿOU W¾V
jM¡-ÚM-¨L¢ Svº yzL-p-°¥ aN\ÿ¡ j¤-WO-o-SsæL?

}kv¡¾jU & 1 mM
SjL·NyV
RyoMjLrMR£ }k\qeL¡ÀU KqO SjL·NyV fáLrL¨LU. IRÍsæLU WLq|°tLeV SjL·NyM¤
D¥RÕaOS¾ºfV ?
RkLfO\¡\ÿ, S}WLcNWqeU
RkLfO vMvq°¥ (wN¡xWU, òsU, yopU fOa°Mpv)
{eU
WLq|kqMkLaM
SjaMp iLqeWtORa AaMòLj¾M¤ WO·MW¥ }YPÕM¤ SjL·NyV fáLrL¨OÐO.
fáLrL¨Mp SjL·NyOW¥ vLpM\ÿV vMspMqO¾OÐO.
yP\W°¥
Bvw|oLp vMvq°¥ D¥RÕaO¾MpM·OºV.
D\MfoLp nLx y~NWqM\ÿM·OºV.
D\MfoLp nLx y~NWqM\ÿM·OºV.
Zaj kLsM\ÿM·OºV.
fáLrL¨Mpv WPaOf¤ Ro\ÿRÕaO¾LjOç AvyqU j¤WOÐO.

}kv¡¾jU & 1 cM
SkLð¡ fáLrL¨OÐO
RyoMjLrMR£ }k\qeL¡ÀU oRãÍV}kv¡¾joLeV WO·MW¥ JRãaO¨OW?
KqO SkLð¡ fáLrL¨M¨PSa?
49
 SkLð¡ fáLrL¨OSÒL¥ IRÍLR¨ WLq|°tLeV èÈMS¨ºfV ? SkLðrMR£
yvMSwxfW¥ IRÍLR¨pLeV ?
\¡\ÿ&S}WLcNWqeU.
w©vOU ^jèÈpLW¡xM¨OÐfOoLp v|vzLq qPkU
}kLiLj|ojOyqM\ÿV A{q°tORa vsOÕ¾MsOU }WoNWqe¾MsOU v|f|LyU
vqO¾eU
yU{MkÅfpLeV SkLðrMR£ ^Nv¢
BW¡xWf~U
\¡\ÿpV¨OSwxU WO·MW¥ }YPÕV fMqM´V SkLðrOW¥ fáLrL¨R·. fáLrL¨Mp SkLðrOW¥
vMspMqO¾LjLpM RkLfO \¡\ÿpMsPRa yP\W°¥ vMWyMÕM¨OÐO
vMxpvOoLpM mÌRÕ· Bwp°¥ BvMxVWqM\ÿM·OºV
\MÍRp De¡¾OÐfOU nLvjLÄWvOoLp vLW|°¥ DºV.
BW¡xWoLpM }WoNWqM\ÿM·OºV.
yU{MkÅf kLsM\ÿM·OºV.
yP\W°tORa AaMòLj¾M¤ vMspMqO¾OWpOU Ro\ÿRÕaO¾OWpOU R\áOÐO.

RyoMjLrMR£ oORÐLqO¨vOoLpM mÌRÕ·V

v|vzLq qPk°¥ fáLrL¨OSÒL¥ KLSqL
Z·¾MsOU yvMSwx èÈ A¡zM¨OÐ
WO·MWtORa kËLtM¾U DrÕOvqO¾OvL¢
Ai|LkMW èÈM¨OoSsæL?

}kv¡¾jU & 1 C
BoOX nLxeU fáLrL¨OÐO
RyoMjLrMjO Svº oORÐLqO¨°¥ kP¡¾MpLpM. RyoMjLrM¤ BoOXnLxeU ja¾eU.
AfMjLpM KqO BoOXnLxeU fáLrL¨LU. IRÍLR¨ D¥RÕaO¾LU.

* vMxpU
* oORÐLqO¨°¥
* DkvMxp°¥&AvfLqW¡
CvRq¨OrM\ÿV kqLo¡wU
* vMxp¾MR£ }ky©M

SjaMp iLqeWtORa AaMòLj¾M¤ WO·MW¥ v|©MkqoLpM BoOX nLxeU fáLrL¨R·.

fáLrL¨Mp }YPÕOWtM¤ kqy× q U vMspMqO¾OÐO. vMspMqO¾¤ yP\W°¥ \¡\ÿ p MsPRa
vMWyMÕM¨LU.
}kiLj Bwp°¥ D¥R¨LºM·OºV
Bwp°¥ }WoNWqM\ÿM·OºV
D\MofLp nLx
}knLxe¾MR£ Zaj
vMspMqO¾sMjOSwxU Ro\ÿRÕaO¾¤ ja¾OoSsæL ?
50
 }kv¡¾jU & 1 IlV
RyoMjL¡ rMSÕL¡·V fáLrL¨OÐO

SoLcSrãrORa BoOX nLxeS¾LaO WPaM RyoMjL¡ BqUnM¨OÐO.

}kmÌLvfqe¾MjO SwxU \¡\ÿ ja¾LU

\¡\ÿpMsPRapOU S}WLcNWqe¾MsP jaÐ }kv¡¾j°¥

RapOU iLqe Dr\ÿ O WuM´L¤ kP¡eoLpM D¥RÕaO¾eU
WO·MW¥ rMSÕL¡·V fáLrL¨R·.
Bwpv|©f
YQzkLbU...v|©MYfU
AjOSpL^|oLp nLx
rMSÕL¡·V v|©MYfoLpOU }YPÕMsOU vLpM\ÿV }WoLjOYfoLp AvfqeU
vMspMqO¾eU.

}kv¡¾jU & 1 ^M
k}fvL¡¾
RyoMjL¡ Avfqe¾MjOSwxU CT vL¡¾ k}f¾MSsL ØP¥ oLYyMjMSsL }kyMÈNW
qe¾MjO j¤WeU. KqO k}fvL¡¾ fáLrL¨LU. I°Rj ? \¡\ÿ
\¡\ÿL yP\W°¥
yUnv°tORa vñOjMxVboLp BvMxVWLqU
stMfvOU E^OvOoLp nLx
vñOfW¥ }kLiLj|¾MjjOyqM\ÿV }WoNWqM¨¤
SjaMp iLqeWtORa AaMòLj¾M¤ WO·MW¥ k}fvL¡¾ fáLrL¨OÐO. Bvw|oLp
Ca°tM¤ Ai|LkMWpORa yzLpU WO·MW¥¨V j¤WOoSsæL?
fáLrL¨Mp k}fvL¡¾ vMspMqO¾¤ yP\W°tORapaMòLj¾M¤ RRWoLrM
vMspMqO¾OÐO.
BW¡xWoLp fsR¨·V
vñOjMxVbf
BwpkP¡¹f
Zaj
D\MfoLp nLx
oMW\ÿv WæLôM¤ AvfqMÕM¨LjOç AvyqU KqO¨eU

}kv¡¾jU & 2
snM\ÿ vMvqU k·MWRÕaO¾LU

"ospLt SjLv¤&KqO jMqN{eU' IÐ kLbnLYU }YPÕOWtM¤ vLpM\ÿ V vMvMi

WLsZ·°tMRs SjLvsMðOW¥, SjLvsOW¥, WgLkL}f°¥, yvMSwxfW¥ IÐMv
k·MWRÕaO¾OW.

51
oLfQW

j. SjLvsMðV SjLv¤ }kiLj WgLkL}f°¥ oOX| yvMSwxfW¥

1 \ÍOSoSjL¢ CÎOSsX CÎOSsX, oLiv¢, * s{eRoL¾ Bh|
R\rOSêqM jÒPfMqM SjLv¤, SWqtNp yV } fNf~
¾MjV v|©Mf~U j¤WMp
SjLv¤

2. ................... .................... ............................ ...................

3. ................... .................... ............................ ...................
4. ................... .................... ............................ ...................
5. ................... .................... ............................ ...................
6. ................... .................... ............................ ...................
7. ................... .................... ............................ ...................

fáLrL¨Mp k·MWW¥ }YPÕOW¥ AvfqMÕM¨OÐO. Svº fMqO¾sOW¥/WP·MS\ÿ¡¨sOW¥

vqO¾M Ro\ÿRÕaO¾OÐO.

fOa¡ }kv¡-¾j
- U
wN¡xW¾MR£ KT\Mf|U kqMSwLiM¨LU
""AÕ¢ Av-R-j ms-kP¡-vÿU kMaM-\ÿO WOÐM-R£ A¹M-pM-Rs WO-aM-sM-R£ SWLsL-pM-pM-Ss-¨V jpM-
\ÿO. \LqU kãM-p fN¨-j-sO-W¥ KÐP-fM-¨-¾M-\ÿ-M-·V Av-Rj AaO-ÕM-R£ \PaO-ç AqM-WM¤ kMaM-\ÿO WMa-
¾M. ASÕL-uOU Av¢ oM-ºM-pM-sæ. Av-R£ W¹O-W-tM¤ jMÐO nNfM-pO--Ra jMu-sO-W¥ SkLpM-sæ. Av
AvM-Ra òMq-oL-pM WOaM-pM-qM-¨O--SÒL-Rs Av-R£ AÕ-jO SfLÐM. KqO -hN¡-Z-jM-w-~L-y-S¾L-Ra AÕ¢
fLRu vp-sM-Rs CqO-·M-Ss-¨V, feO-ÕM-Ss-¨V jPeO Wa-ÐO-SkL-pM. Av¢ vMsæO-SkL-Rs msU kMaM-\ÿV
Aa-O-ÕM-j-qM-W¥ WMa--ÐO; Aj-¨-vOU K\ÿ-pO-oM-sæLRf'' (WLv¤ & kM.vÃ)
CT nLY--R¾ oO¢--jM¡-¾M "WLv¤' IÐ wN¡-x-W-¾M-R£ KT\M-f|U kqM-SwL-iM-¨O-W.

52
 nLYU 7
jvNj WvMf

YS^}ÎSoL{U
Rv¹¨sæMR£ Wg
yoWLsMW WvMfW¥
& }kSsLnjU
& YLÌMpOU WvMfpOU
& SoZqPk¢

jPfjoLp nLvOWf~vOU vM\M}foLp AjOnPfM vMSwx° tOU D¥R¨LçO-Ð BiO-

jM-W WvM-fW- t
- L-eV CT pPjM-ãM¤ kqM-\p
- R
- Õ-aO-Ðf
- .V }kSo-p¾
- M-sOU Za-jp
- M- s
- OU BvM-
xV-WL-q qNfM-pM-sOU C¾-qU WvM-f-W¥ B-y~L-h-W-qM¤ A-y~-ò-f-W¥ De¡-¾O-ÐO;
Av SvrM-· \MÍ-pM-Ss-¨OU jpM-¨O-ÐO. CvMRa v|f|-ñ }kv-e-f-W-tO-ç yo-WL-sM-W
WvM-f-W¥ kqM-\-p-RÕ-aL-jOU vMs-pM-qO-¾L-jOU Av-y-q-RoL-qO--S¨-º-fO-ºV. WLv|-nL-Y-
°-tM-Rs i~jM, mMUm-W-s×j, KT-\M-f|U IÐM-v WRº-¾M v|LX|L-jM-¨O-SÒL-uL-eV
WLv|L-y~L-h-jU -A-fM-R£ D-Ð-fM-pM-Rs-¾O-Ð-fV. D\M-f-oL-p WPaO-f¤ DhL-z-q-e-°¥
WRº-¾M }kv¡-¾-j-°¥ ByP-}f-eU R\-Sá-º-fL-eV.

}kv¡¾jU & 1
mMUm Ws×j
- WRº-¾LU

As-qM-kP-¾O-WL-vO-W-tM¤
WOqO-fM-pP-¾ SkLRs
kW-s-rO-fM-Õ-q¤ jMq-W¥
SWL¤--¾M-qM-W¥ SkLRs
yo-po - L-pM y
- o
- p
- o
- L-pM
SfqM-r-°O-WU-Sm
y-W-s SsLW kLs-RRj-W
yo-p-o-fL-sU-Sm
Ca-Sê-qM WLvM-Rs-ÕL-·V

53
 WvM-fL-nL-YU IuO-fM-p \L¡-·V Ai|L-kM-W }kh¡-wM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO. WO·M-W¥ WvM-f CTe-¾M¤-R\L-
sæO-ÐO. WvM-f-pO-Ra Bw-p-f-s-¾M¤ I¾L-jL-v-w|-oL-p yP\-j j¤-WM-R¨L-ºV Ai|L-kM-W RkLfO-
\¡-\ÿ jpM-¨O-ÐO
CT WvM-fp
- M¤ jM°¥-¨O kqM-\p
- o
- O-ç kh-°¥ JRfL-R¨-pL-e?V
jM°¥ WRº-¾M-p kh-°¥-¨O-ç kq-yq
-× mÌU WvM-fp
- M¤ I°-Rj ?
WRº-¾M-p kh-°-tOU WvM-f-pM¤ Av-pO-Ra kq-y×-q mÌ-vOU WO·M-W¥ vMw-hN-W-qM--¨O-ÐO.

WO·M-W¥ kr-pL-
jM-a-pO-ç kh-°¥
WLvM-R£ IRÍ-sæLU }kSf|-W-f-W-tL-eV
WLvV, WOqO-fM,
WvM IaO-¾O- kr-pO-Ð-fV?
SWL¤-¾M-qM
WO·M-WtORa
}kfM-Wq- e
- U
* kP¾O jM¤-¨O-Ð As-qM-ÕP
* yÌ-|L Sjq-¾O W-¾M-\ÿO-Rv-\ÿ
SWL¤-¾M-qM-W¥

jM°¥ WRº-¾M-p kh-°-tOU A¡-À-f-s-°-tOU Ai|L-k-M-W-SpL-aV

oRã-RÍ-ËM-sOU Bw-p fs-°-Rt -\¡-\ÿL yP\-W-°¥
yP\M-ÕM-¨O-ÐO-SºL? DRº-ËM¤ IÍV? BB pM¤ j¤-WO-o- S- sæL?

WO·M-W¥ }YPÕV fMqM-´V \¡-\ÿ- R\pÅV WOrM-ÕV

fáL-rL-¨O-ÐO
\¡-\Lÿ yP\-W°
- ¥
BqO-Ra vq--vM-jL-eV WLvOU kqM-y-q-vOU WL¾M-qM-¨O-Ð-fV?
CT vq-vM-jV IRÍL-R¨ KqO-¨-°-tL-eV ja-S¾-º-fV?
CT KqO-¨-°-Rt WvM \M}fN-W-qM-¨O-Ð-Rf-°-Rj-pL-eV?
}YPÕO-W¥ fáL-rL-¨M-p WO-rM-ÕO-W¥ RkLfO-vL-pM Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO
Ai|L-kM-W-pO-Ra yzL--p-¾L¤ RkLfO \¡-\ÿ-pM-sP-Ra WOrM-ÕV Ro\ÿ-RÕ-aO-¾O-ÐO
S}WL-cN-W-q-e-¾M¤ qPk-RÕ-Sa-º iLq-e
K-qO -WO-qO-fM-¨V WLvOU kqM-y-q-vOU WL-¾O jM¤-¨O-ÐO. vMqM-´O jM¤-¨O-Ð \Ov-Ð As-qM-ÕP-
¨¥ WOqO-fM-S\ÿL-q-pO-Ra yP\-j-pL-eV. AÍM-j-{-}f-°¥ WLvM¤ W¾M--\ÿO-Rv-\ÿ SWL¾M-qM-W-tO-Ra
}kfNfM-pOU De¡-¾O-ÐO. CvM-Ra As-qM-ÕP-¨-tOU AÍM-j-{-}f-vOU mMUm--°-tL-eV. CT mMUm-°¥
(Images) WQf|-oL-p \Ms yP\-j-W-tOU \M}f-°-tOU yQìM-¨O-ÐO. yTÎ-q|nL-v \M}fN-W-q-e-oL-eV mMUm-
W-sj
-× .
mMUm-W-s×-j-pV-¨V WPaO-f¤ DhL--z-q-e-°¥ W-Rº-¾M j¤-WO-o-SsæL?
54
\Ms oLfQ-W-W¥
1. WOr-\ÿO SjqU WuM-Sp }kyL-hU
yVlO-qM-\ÿM-aOU kP¡-vÿhMwL yq-ôM¤
jMr-´-qL-vM¢ \tM-pM-ˤ jM-ÐV
vMqM-´ Rv¦-f-º-s-RqL-ÐO-p¡-ÐV
& vt-t-S¾L¥

2. WLs-R-o¢ wMq-ôM-Ë-s-eM-pM-¨-pL-pV oOsæ&

oLs, lLs-¾M¢ S\¡-¾O WuM-´O vq-¨O-rM
& ^M.wË-q-¨O-rO-ÕV

3. WwO-v-ºM-f¢ SWL-oL-tM-\ÿM-qM-pOU W¦
o-xM \MÐM-p WOÐM-o-eM-f¢ oÎL-{-vOU
& RRv-SsL-ÕM-t-tM
}kv¡¾jU & 2
kOfM-p WvM-f-pM--Rs v|-f|-ñ }kv-e-fW¥ WRº-¾LU
WO·M-W-tO-Ra \s-\ÿM-}fL-jO-n-v-°¥ kËO-Rv-\ÿO-RWL-ºV Ai|L-kM-W \¡-\ÿ jpM-¨O-ÐO
yMjM-o-W¥ Cì-oL-SeL?
ku-p -yM-jM-o-W¥ Cì-oL-SeL?
WO·M-W¥ Av¡ Wº ku-p-fOU kOfM-p-fO-oL-p yMjM-o-W-tO-Ra SkqO-W¥ kr-pO-ÐO. Ai|L-kM-W
Av WLs-Z-·-o-jO-y-qM-\ÿV fqU fMqM-\ÿV BB pM¤- IuO-fO--ÐO.
qºO fqU yMjM-o-W-tOU vMs-pM-qO-¾M Ai|L-kM-W \¡-\ÿ jpM-¨O-ÐO
\¡-\Lÿ yP\-W° - ¥
}kSo-pU
Av-f-q-eU
yUnL-x-eU Ai|L-k-M-W-SpL-aV
AnM-j-pU yMjM-o-pM¤ WRº-¾M-p CT oLãU -
SvxU I-sæL Ws-W-tM-sOU WLsL-jO-y-Q-f-oL-pM
DºL-pM-·O-Rº-Ð iLq-e-pM-Ss-¨V
yLSË-fM-W vMh|
WO·M-W-Rt jpM-¨O-o-SsæL?
\M}fN-W-q-eU

S}WLcN-W-q-e-¾M¤ I-S¾-º iLq-e

yMjM-op
- M¤ WLsL-jO-yQ-f- o
- L-p oLã-°¥ vÐM-·O-º.V jPf-jyLSË-fM-W vMh| yMjM-oR
- p mzO-hP-qU oOSÐL-
·O jpM-\ÿO. AnM-j-pU, SvxU, \M}fN-W-q-eU, yUnL-x-eU IÐM-v-pM¤ WPaO-f¤ y~LnL-vM-W-f RRWv-
ÐO. ku-p yMjM-o-pM¤ }W-M-}fM-o-f~-vOU AfM-nL-vO-W-f~-vOU jMr-´O jM¤-¨O-ÐO.
WvM-f-pM-sO--ºL-p oLã-°¥ IRÍL-R¨-pL-eV?
oL--ã-°¥ JRf-sæLU fs-¾M¤ vqLU?
RkLfO \¡-\ÿ-pM-sP-Ra-yP-\-W-°¥ qPk-RÕ-aO-¾O-ÐO

55
 yP\-W
- °
- ¥
}kSo-pU
nLx
Za-j
Bv-M-xV-WL-qU

WO·M-W-Rt jLsO }YPÕO-W-tL-¨M fMqM-¨O-ÐO. v|f|-ñ WvM-f-W¥ }YP-ÕO-W-tM¤ j¤-WO-ÐO.

}YPÕM¤ ja-S¨-º-fV
WvM-fL vLp-j
yP\-W°
- t
- O-Ra-Aa- M-ò
- L-j¾
- M¤ WvM-fR
- p vM-wW
- s
- j
- U R\á¤
kOfM-p }kv-ef
- W
- ¥ WRº-¾¤
WOrM-ÕO fáL-rL-¨¤
}YPÕM¤ j¤-SW-º WvM-f-W¥
1. WLSã Wa-Ss & kM.kM.qLo-\-}΢
2. fOr-Ð vuM-W¥ & K.kM.yOSq-xV
3. }nìV & mLs-\
- }- ΢ \Ot-tM-¨
- L-aV
4. KÐL-pL¤..... & WO-´O-¹M

WLSã Wa-Ss
kM.kM.qLo-\-}΢
DÚ-r-S¨L-s-pM¤ jMÐV v-qM-v-qM-pL-pM vÐV
qL}fM IaO-¾O-v-pV-¨L¢ or-Ð WM-ºM
Wt-vO-SkL-p-fO-SkL-Rs SsLrM-pM¤ Wp-r-eU
vp¤-¨-q-pM-sO-ç KqO WOÐV kr-´ òs-¾V C-r-°-eU
kOs¡-\ÿ-pV-¨O WLeL-fL-pM jMq--ÕL-¨M-p fs--pM¤
ou-pOU RvpM-sOU Iv-M-Ra-Rp-sæLU fMq-´O! I·O-v-qM--ÕL-f \Oo-ÐV jMÐO-RWL-ç-eU
fs--pV-¨O oNRf WLsU
kMRÐpOU -mL-¨M-pL-p "wPU'ÐV kLpOU, Aj-°-qO-fV!
KqO WOÐM-R£ kç-pV-¨L-eV IR£ vNaV
WLSã, Wa-Ss
CSÕL¥ WOÐO-W-Rt-sæLU RfS°L-s-W-St,
SrLcO keM-¨O SkLWO-ÐO j-Ú¥ AÕO-r-¾OU
Wq-pO-Ð vNaO-W-Rt Dr-¨M-¨M-a-¾M-R¨L-ºV CÕO-r-¾O-oL-WL¢ SkLWO-ÐO
CjM WLeL¢ kãM-Rp-ÐO vqM-sæ
k-Í-sU-WO-ÐV, kPf--¨O-ÐV
kOt-M-pL-r-¨O-ÐV, kr-¨O-ÐV m-xN-rM-R£ Wg-pM-Rs jLqL-p-eM
S\Ls-¨O-ÐV, \Í-¨O-ÐV BWL-w-S¾--¨V \OçM-¨-RÒ-rM-´-fO-SkL-Rs
W-q-M-Ò-j-¨P-ÐV.... jM°-Rt-RÍ-ËM-sOU Aa-pL-tU WL·-eU
SkqO-vM-tM-¨O-SÒL¥ `L¢- SjL¨M-pM-qM-¨OU

56
 fOr-Ð vuM-W¥
K.kM.yOSq-xV

jLsLU-f-qU vRq kbM-\ÿ SkRr-aO--¨L¢ SkLpM-qO-Ð wL-SÍ-a-¾M

Yv: oL-ÕM-t I¤.kM.ØP¥ m|P·M kL¡-s¡ Da-o-pL-pM
S-xL-ÕMU-YV SWLUkæ-WV-yL-pM Rv-rO-Sf yLpL-øU RWLrM-\ÿM-qO-Ð
jLs-{-qU kbM-ÕM-\ÿ kO-u-SpL-qU
oLx-ÚL-RqL-R¨-pOU jhM WvM-´M-r-°M
C¢-xP-r¢-yV J^£O-oL-qL-pM y~WL-q| rMSyL¡-·M-R£
jaO-oO-ã-oL-pM
jNs-¨O-pM-sOU jM¡-ÚL-s|-vOU Wº
}fMSv-eM aL¨N-yV WToL-qU Wv¡-ÐV
yOoU-Ys- M Ws-|L-e o
- ¼
- k
- o
- L-pM pTvÿ-jU fÐ WP·O-WL¡
jL·O-WL-RqL-R¨ S}mL¨¡-oL-qL-pM WP·-S¾L-Ra vQÈ¢-oL-qL-pM

oL-iv
- ¢ jLp¡ yVo - L-qW
- vLp-jw - L-s CjM kr-pP
C£¡-Rj-ãW -V S- l WSá-rM y~ÍU jLaV
"KqO WOa-pOU WO´O-Rk-°t - OU' IÐ Az-ËL-q-S¾L-Ra
CTr-je - M-pM-\ - ÿ CqO-º oPs-W¥ `LRj-°M-Rj
AyU-X|U oTyV WæM¨O-W - t
- M¤ AaO-¾ Av-iM-¨V
DT-xV-o-t-oL-vO-ÐO-ºL-vOU WqM-ÕP-qM¤
* * * vMoL-j-oM--r-°OU?

57
}nìV *
mLs-\
- }- ΢ \OçM-¨L-aV

Dr-R¨ wmÉM-\ÿV
Aa-´O-SkL-p RfLº-pL-eV `L¢

k·M-eM-o-q-eU vMtM-\ÿO kr-´O

WOaM-Rv-ç-oM-Rsæ-ÐO vMtM-\ÿO kr--´O
Rv·M-R¨L-sæO-S-Ð IÐO vM-tM-\ÿO kr-´O
RWLç ja-¨O-SÐ IÐO vMtM-\ÿO kr-´O
vNaO-W¥ W¾O-SÐ IÐO-v-M-tM-\ÿO kr-´O
IsæL-v-qOU ojO-x|-qL-Re-ÐO vMtM-\ÿO kr-´O
IsæL-v¡-¨OU ^NvM-¨-e-Ro-ÐO vMtM-\ÿO kr-´O

A°-Rj RfLº Aa--´O

oTj-¾M-R£ ozL-kO--SqL-zM-f-ÓL-Sq,
I-jM-¨O oL-ÕO fqM-W.
jM°-tO-Ra qL^|U vÐO

* WvM--f-pM¤ vsM-p wmÉ-°¥ kLaM-Rsæ-ÐOU fNRq R\rM-p wmÉ-°-Rt

BWLvP IÐOU oTj-oL-eV pgL¡-À WvM-f IÐO-RoL-R¨ yMÈL--ÍM-¨O-
Ð-v-Rq DSÇ-wM-\ÿV

KÐLpV....
WO´O¹M

KRÐRаRj IuOfLU
KRÐÐM°Rj IuOfLU
vtvOU Svº
fMqMvOU Svº
\qMvOU Svº
WOjMvOU Svº
WO¾Rj KqO vq
WOrMp vq
KÐLpV
jÐLpV
KÐLpV jMÐL¤ jÐLpV
jÐLpM vÐL¤ KÐLpV
jÐLpL¤ KÐLpM
KÐLpL¤ jÐLpM
jÐLpM KÐLpM
KÐLpM jÐLpM

58
}YPÕO-W¥ fáL-rL-¨M-p WOrM-ÕO-W¥ RkLfO-vL-pM Av-f-qM--ÕM-¨O--ÐO.
K-qO }YPÕM-R£ Av-f-q-e-R¾ oãO }YPÕO-W¥ vMs-pM-qO-¾O-ÐO
RkLfO \¡-\ÿ-pM-sP-Ra Ro\ÿ-RÕ-aO-¾O-ÐO
vMs-pM-qO-¾¤ yP-\W
- °
- ¥
WvM-f-pM-Rs Za--j, nLx, }kSo-pU, BvM-xV-WL-qU IÐN
yvM-Sw--x-f-W¥ fMqM-\ÿ-rM-´M-·O-ºV.
yU{M-kÅ-f kLsM-\ÿM-·O-ºV
yo-}Y-f kLsM--\ÿM-·O-ºV
WR-º-¾-sO-W¥ pO©M-kP¡-vÿU yo¡-ÀM-\ÿM-·-O-ºV

fOa¡ }kv¡-¾j
- U
By~Lhj¨OrMÕV fáLrL¨LU
1) pP-eM--ãM-Rs }kSsL-n-jU, YLÌM-pOU WvM-f-pOU, So-Z-qP-k¢, \Î-jU I-ÐN WvM-f-W¥ }YPÕO-W-
tM¤ vMw-W-s-jU R\-pÅV jPf-j }kv-e-f-W¥ WRº-¾M Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨-R·.
2) WvM-f-W-tM-Rs By~L-h-jLU-w-°¥ WRº-¾M WOrM-ÕV fáL-rL-¨O-W.

}kSf|-W yzL-pU Bv-w|-oO-ç WO·M-W-Rt }YP-ÕV }kv¡-¾-j-¾M¤ kRË-aO-

ÕM-\ÿV aN\ÿ-rO-Ra-pOU yz-kL-bM-W-tO-Ra-pOU yzL-p-S¾L-Ra kh-°-tOU yLoL-
j|-A¡-À-vOU i~j|L¡-À-vOU WRº-¾O-vL¢ Svº RRW¾L-°O-W¥
j¤-We - U.

59
 nLYU 8

RRv³LjMW yLzMf|U
WspOU ff~\MÍpOU

WsWtORa kqy×q mÌU

vMfpV¨LU oLjvMWfpORa vM¾OW¥
BÄLvMR£ zMoLspU

RRv³LjMW yLzMf|R¾pLeV CT nLYU kqM\p RÕaO¾OÐfV .

Yh|yLzMf|R¾ yÒÐoL¨Mp ff~\M ÍpOU WsLwLyV } fvOU CT
pPjMãMR£ nLYoLWOÐO. Bwp S}WLcNWqe¾MRs yvMSwxfpOU
vLhoOXoOrÕM¨O ÐfMRs pO©Mn}hfpOU CT Yh|iLqRp SvrM·fL¨OÐO.
CfV fMqM\ÿrMpLjOtt AvyqU kbMfL¨¥¨V sn|oL¨eU. v|f|ñ°tLp
JuO }kv¡¾j°tLeV CT nLY¾OçfV.

}kv¡¾jU & 1
WsWtORa kqy×q mÌU WRº¾OÐO
k·MWRÕaO¾OÐO

"WLsM¤ h¡-noOj-RWL-Rº-Ð v¹U

fMqM-´O-SjL-¨O-Ð wWO-Ít
- '
qL^L-q
- v
- M-v¡-Úp
- O-Ra RkpM£MU-YV }kh¡-wM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO

BqV vq-\f
-ÿ L-eV CT \M}fU?
CT \M}f-¾M¤ WLeO-Ðf
- V BRq-Rp-sLæ U?
JfV WgL-yÎ
- ¡-nR
- ¾
- p
- L-eV \M}fN-Wq
- M-\Mÿ q
- M-¨O-Ðf
- ?V
CT \M}fU JRf-ËM-sOU yMjM-oL YLj-SoL WvM-fp
- M-Rs vqM-WS- tL
jM°-R
- t KL¡Ú-RÕ-aO-¾O-ÐO-Sº
- L?

Ai|L-k-M-W-SpL-aV....
* WLsM¤ h¡-n-oO-j RWLºM-S·L.....
CT \s-\ÿM-}f YLjU WO·M-W-tO-Ra èÈ-pM¤
RÕaO-¾O-o-SsæL?
WO·M-W-tM¤ \Ms¡ kL·O-kL-a-R·......

60
 w-WO-Ít
- &qvM-v¡-Ú
(v¡-e \M}fU }kh¡-wM-ÕM-¨LU. CRsæ-ËM¤ oL}fU CT \M}fU DkSpLYM-¨LU)
61
os-pL-t wLWO-Í-t-¾M-Rs CSf WgL-y-Ρ-nU vqO-Ð -v-qM-W¥ IuO-fM-p yæMÕV }YPÕO-W-tM¤ j¤-WO-ÐO.
"" RWL-º¤-Sv-eM-RpL-qO qºO jLs-aM ja-Ð-fM-sæ-fM-jO oOÒO-fL¢
RWLºO h¡-n-oO-j WLsM-Rs-ÐO RvrO--Sf jaM\ÿO jMs-RWL-ºO-Sf
W-eV-b-vOU mf! fMqM-\ÿO SjL¨M-p-v¥v¤-¨-sLµ-s oMs-\ÿ-sM¤
RWLºO-a-¨O-RoL-qO o·O-WL-·M vMaO-vM-\ÿMaOÐ W-ka-S¾L-Ra''
(os-pL-t wLWO-Í-tU SwæLWU 12 & J.B¡)
CSf yΡ-n-¾M-R£ WvM vLW|-oL-eV jÚ¥ kqM-\-p-RÕ-·-fV. CvM-Ra WvM yQìM-\ÿ \M-}fU (vL[V-
o-p \M}fU) IÍL-eV? }YPÕO-W¥ WRº-¾M vMw-hN-W-qM-¨O-ÐO.
KSq WgL yΡ-n-R¾ BvM-xV-W-qM-¨L¢ WvM-pOU \M-}f-WL-q-jOU
I-R-ÍL-R¨ oL¡-Y-oL-eO-k-SpL-YM-\ÿ-fV? WO·M-W¥ }kfM-W-qM-¨O-ÐO.
S}WLcN-Wq
- e
- U
qºOU \M}f-°¥ fRÐ
WvM vL¨O-W¥ RWLºV
\M}f-WL-q¢ vq-Wt
- OU v¡-e°
- t
- OU RWLºV
qºM-sOU Bw-pvM-jM-op
- U, yTÎ-q|LU-w°- ¥,
nLv-j IÐM-v v|©-oL- e- .V qºO SkqO-RapOU s{|-vOU KÐO fRÐ.

}k-fM-W-q-eU
oãO Ws-W¥ fÚM-sOU C¾-qU mÌ-°¥ \M}f-vOU wMs×-vOU
W
- R
- º-¾L¢ WuM-pM-Ssæ....? yLzM-f|-vOU yUYN-f-vOU
WO·M-W-tO-Ra AjO-n-v-¾M¤ jMÐOU yLzM-f|-vOU \M}f--vOU
-A-v¡ WRº-¾M-p vM-v-q-°¥ kr-pR·...... jQ¾-vOU AnM-j-p-vOU
\M}f-vOU yUYN-f-vOU

Cv-pO-Ra kq-yq -× mÌU WRº-¾O-Ðf - M-jL-vw

- |-
oL-p IR-Ís - Læ U vM-vq
- °
- ¥ Sw-Xq
- M-¨LU. YOkÅ¢-
jL-p
- q
- O-Ra Ws-W-tO-Ra kq-y×-q mÌU IÐ SsX-
jU vLp-M\ÿO SjL¨P.....WO·M-W¥ }YPÕ-aM-òL-j-
¾M¤ kLb-nL-YU vLpM-¨O-ÐO. WRº-¾M-p WLq|-
°¥ KLSqL }YPÕOU RkLfO-vL-pM Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-
ÐO. Av-f-qM-ÕM-\ÿ WLq|-°-Rt-¨OM-\ÿV RkLfO--vL-pM
\¡-\ÿ R\áO-ÐO. vMs-pM-qO-¾-sM-R£ AaM-òL-j-
¾M¤ Ro\ÿ-RÕ-aO-¾L¢ Av-y-qU j¤-WO-ÐO.

62
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- j
- U& 2
Ak¡-e-pO-Ra KLe-y-ÚL-jU&oLfQ-nP-oM hMj-k-}fU }kyM-ÈN-W-qM-\ÿ IcM-SãL-rM-p¤ }YPÕO-W¥-¨V
RRWoL-rO-ÐO. IcM--S-ãL-rM-p¤ \¡-\ÿ R-\-áO-ÐO.

* -CT IcM-SãL-rM-p-sM-jV BiL-q-oL-p

yUn-vU IÍL-eV? B yUn-v-S¾L-aO-ç
jM°-tO-Ra }kfM-W-q-eU IÍL-eV?

}YPÕO-W¥ }kfM-Wq
- e
- - WOrM-ÕV fáL-rL-¨O-ÐO.
Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.

S}WLcN-Wq
- e
- U
- -k¡-e \Ms oLjO-xM-W oPs|-°¥ Dp¡-¾M-ÕM-aM-¨O-ÐO. C-Ð-R¾ yoP-z-¾M¤ C¾-qU oPs|-
A
°¥-¨V jLwU yUn-vM-\ÿO-RWL-ºM-qM-¨O-ÐO. JfV }kfM-y-ÌM-pM-sOU oPs|-°¥ Dp¡-¾M-ÕM-aM-¨O-Ð-v¡
yoP-z-¾M-R£ SyÔzL-h-q-°¥ SjaM-Rp-aO-¨O-W fRÐ R\áOU.
63
I-ÍL-eV oLj-vM-Wf
- ?
WæL-ôM¤ RkLfO \¡-\ÿ.
fOa¡--ÐV "vM-f-pV-¨LU oLj-vM-W-f-pO-Ra vM¾O-W¥' IÐ Ss-X-jU vLpM-¨O-ÐO. }kiL-j Bw-pU
\¡-\ÿ R\pÅV WRº-¾-R·. fáL-rL-¨M-p WOrM-ÕO-W¥ RkLfO-vL-pM A-v-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.

* oL-j-vM-W-f jMr-´O jM¤-¨O-Ð WLv|-nL-Y-°¥ Ai|-Lk

- M-WS
- pL-a.V ....
W
- R
- º-¾L-SoL?.... }kiL-j B-wp - °
- ¥
\L¡-·M¤ SqX-RÕ-aO-¾L¢
èÈM-¨e - U.

}kv¡¾jU & 3
IcM-SãL-rM-p¤ fáL-rL-¨LU
oLjO-xM-W oPs|-°-tO-Ra fW¡-\ÿ }kfM--l-sM-ÕM-¨O-Ð k}f-vL¡-¾-W¥ Ai|L-k-M-W WæLôM¤ RkLfO-
vL-pM Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.
(JãO-oO-·-sO-W¥, fN}v-v L-hU, mÌRRw- gM- s|U fOa- °M- p - v Dça¨oLpM vqOÐ vL¡¾
WtLveU)
C¾-qU }kwVj
- °
- ¥-¨V WLq-eR
- o-ÍL-e?V
C°-Rj SkLpL¤ j-ÚO-Ra nLvM IÍL-vOU?
CfM-jV kqM-zL-q oL¡-Y°
- t
- M-Ssæ?

fOa-°M-p yP\-W° - t- O-Ra- AaM-òL-j¾ - M¤ }YPÕO \¡-\ÿ ja-¨O-ÐO. }YPÕO-W¥ WRº-¾M-p WLq|-
°¥ WOrM-ÕL-¨O-ÐO. KLSqL }YPÕOU Av-fq - M-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.
S}WLcN-Wq
- e
- U
y~L¡-À-f
Af|L-}Y-zU
vMSh~-xU
Ay-zM-x - e-V O-f IÐM-v ojO-x|-Rj ojO-x|-js
- Læ f
- L-¨O-ÐO.AvM-Ra oPs|-°¥ fW-qO-ÐO.
ojO-x
- | yoP-z¾ - M-R£ nLvM }kfN-{p- ã
- fL¨OU. Dp¡-Ð oLj-vM-WLv-SmL-iU yoP-zU
vNR-ºa- O-¨e - U.
CT vL¡-¾-W-Rt AaM-òL-j-oL-¨M KqO IcM-SãL-rM-p¤ fáL-rL-¨LU

Ai|-L-kM-W-SpL-aV.....
"Ak¡-e-pO-Ra KLe-y-ÚL-jU ' IÐ IcM-SãL-
rM-p¤ yLΡ-nM-W-oL-pM kqM-\-p-RÕ-aO-¾O-o-SsæL?

64
 IRÍL-R¨-pL-eV KqO IcM-SãL-rM-p-sM-R£ yvM-Sw-x-f-W¥? }YPÕM¤ \¡-\ÿ -R\-pÅV
yP\W°¥ RkLfO-vL-pM Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO
S}WLcN-Wq
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WLsM-W }ky-©M-pO-çf
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yUn-vU, }kwVj
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w©-vOU s
- t
- M-fv
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- U
SjaM-p iLq-ep
- O-Ra RvtM-\¾ -ÿ M¤ KLSqL }YPÕOU IcM-SãL-rM-p¤ fáL-rL-¨O-ÐO. yP\-W° - t
- O-
Ra AaM-òL-j¾
- M¤ kq-yk -V q
- U vMs-pM-qO-¾O-ÐO. Ro\ÿR
- Õ-·v
- RkLfO-vL-pM Av-fq
- M-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.
vMs-pM-qO-¾¤ yP\-W°
- ¥
vMx-pU yo-}-Y-oL-pM Av-f-qM-ÕM-\ÿM-·O-ºV
y~LnM-}kL-p-vOU vLh-oO-X-°-tOU w©-oL-p nLx-pM¤ Av-f-qM-ÕM-\ÿM-·O-ºV
}kwV-j kqM-zL-qU/nLvM-R-p-¨O-rM-\ÿV yP\-j
yU{M-kÅ-f
wN¡-xW
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fOa¡ }kv¡-¾j
- U
}kyUYU fáLrL¨LU

"oLj-vM-W-f SjqM-aO-Ð RvsæO-vM-tM-W¥' IÐ vMx--p-R¾ B-y×-h-oL-¨M ØP¥ -A-yU-mæM-pM¤ ja-¾O-Ð

KqO }kyU-YU fáL-rL-¨LU.
}kv¡¾jU & 4
vMwWsj¨OrMÕV
"yf|-So-v ^p-Sf'
oLfQ--Sh-SvL nv@ -y-f|U vh@ i¡-ÚU \q@
kMfQ-Sh-SvL nv@ -D-¾M--x-Vb-fL ^L}Y-f
B\L-q|-Sh-SvL nv@ }kLk|-v-qL¢ jMSmL-i-f
AfM-gM ShSvL nv@

Cv IuO-fM-p \L¡-·V }kh¡-wM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO. \L¡-·M¤ IuO-fM-p -vL-W|-°-Rt yUm-ÌM-\ÿV RkLfO-vL-

pM \¡-\ÿ R\áO-ÐO.
Cv A¡-À-oL-¨O-Ð-Rf--ÍL-eV? I-vM-Ra jMÐL-eV Cv y~NW-qM-\ÿM-·O-ç-fV?
I°-Rj-pL-eV Cv jÚO-Ra ^NvM-f-¾M-R£ nLY-oL-pM oLrM-p-fV?
\¡-\ÿ-pM¤ DqO-¾M--qM-pO-Ð Bw--p-°¥ Ai|L-kM-W \L¡-·V R\áO-ÐO.
S}WLcN-Wq
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Dk-jM-x-hV vLW|-°-tL-eM-v. yz-}yL-mÉ-°-tL-pM Cv jÚO-Ra yUØL-q-¾M-R£ nLY-oL-pM fN¡-
ÐM-qM-¨O-ÐO. fs-oO-r-W-tM¤ jM-ÐV kW¡-ÐO WM·M-p CT ArM-vV ^NvM-f-¾M-R£ nLY-oL-pM oLrM.
IÍL-eV Dk--jM-x-¾O-W¥? jÚO-Ra yUØL-q-¾M¤ C-v-pO-Ra y~LiN-jU IÍL-eV?
"BÄL-vM-R£ zMoL-s-pU ' IÐ Ss-X-jU }YP-ÕO-W¥ vLpM-\ÿV vMw-W-s-jU R\áO-ÐO. }kiL-j Bw-
p-°¥ WRº-¾M WOrM-ÕV fáL-rL-¨O-ÐO. }YPÕO-W¥ RkLfO-v-L-pM Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO.
- ¡-\ÿ-pM-sP-Ra DqO-¾M-qM-´ }kiL-j B-w-p-°¥ Ai|L-kM-W S}WLcN-W-qM-\ÿV \L¡-·M¤
\
SqX-RÕ-aO-¾O-ÐO.
65
 }kv¡¾jU & 5
wN¡-xW
- ¾
- M-R£ KT\M-f|U WRº-¾LU

"BÄL-vM-R£ zMoL-s-pU' IÐ wN¡-x-WU CT Ss-X-j-¾M-jV I}f-oL-}fU SpL^M-¨O-ÐO-ºV?

IÍO-RWL-º?V
}YPÕO-W-tL-pM WO·M-W¥ wN¡-x-W-¾M-R£ RkLqO¥ ASj~--xM-¨O-ÐO
\¡-\Lÿ yP\-W°
- ¥
zMoL-sp
- ¾
- M-jOU Dk-jM-x¾
- M-jOU nLq-fN-p yUØL-q¾
- M-sOU \qM-}f-¾M-sO-oO-ç òLjU,
y~LiN-jU
Cv-pO-Ra yUnL--v-j-W¥
Bw-p-vO-oL-pO-ç SpL^M-ÕV, }ky-©M
yP\-W-¾M-R£ AaM-òL-j-¾M¤ WRº-¾M-pv }YPÕO-W-tM¤ Av-f-qM--ÕM-¨O-ÐO. Ai|L-kM-W
S}WLcN-Wq
- M-¨O-ÐO.
IËM¤ CSf S-s-X-j-¾M-jV AjO-SpL-^|-oL-p oRãL-qO wN¡-x-WU WR-º-¾L-SoL?
KqO wN¡-x-W-¾M-R£ yvM-Sw-x-f-W¥ IRÍL-R¨-pL-eV? RkLfO \¡-\ÿ
}YPÕO-W¥ \¡-\ÿ R\pÅV wN¡-x-W-°¥ WRº--¾O-ÐO. KT\M-f|U vMw-hN-W-qM-¨O-ÐO.
S}-WL-cN-Wq
- e
- U
Dç-a¨
- ¾
- M-R£ yo-}Y-f }-kf
- M-ls
- M-¨e
- U
B-W
- ¡-xW
- f
- ~U, yU{M-kf
-Å
vM-jM-op
- {o-f

}kv¡¾jU & 6
sZOSsX fáLrL¨LU
fLRu RWLa-O¾
- vMx-p°
- ¥- I-uO-fM-p SkÕ¡ yæMÕO-W¥ jLsO WO·M-W¥-¨V j¤-WO-ÐO.

WOaM-Rv-çU : }kwV-j-vOU kqM-zL-q-vOU

-RoL-RRm¤ SlL¦ hOqO-k-SpL-YU

-k-W¡-\ÿ-Õ-jM-pOU
}kfM-Sq
- L-i oL¡-Y°
- t- OU

sz-qM vñO-¨¥ kMaM-oO-rO-¨O-SÒL¥

y
- M-æ Õ
- O-W¥ vL°M-p WO·M-W¥ Av WæLôM¤ RkLfO-vL-pM vLpM-\Vÿ Av-fq - M-ÕM-
¨O-ÐO. vMx-pU Ai|L-kM-W \L¡-·M¤ IuO-fO-ÐO. KLSqL vMx-pR - ¾ yUm-
ÌM-\Oÿ U sZO-vL-pM \¡-\ÿ R\-áO- Ð - O. Cv-Rp-sLæ U jLU D¥-RÕ-· yoP-z¾
- M-R£
}kwVj - °
- t
- L-e.V Cv kqM-zq
- M-S- ¨-ºf - S- sæ? joO-¨V IRÍL-R¨ R\-áL¢ WuM-
pOU?

66
 WO·M-W¥ }kfM-W-qM-¨O-ÐO...

SmLi-v¤-¨q - e- U
yo-q kqM-kL-aM-W¥
}kS{L-ne°¥

B-h|-ka- M IÐ jMs-pM¤ SmLi-v¤-Wq - e

- ¾
- M-jV IRÍ-sLæ U oL¡-Y°
- ¥ Dk-SpL-YM-¨LU. So¤-Õr
- ´
-
vMx-p° - ¥-¨O Jã-vOU D\M-f
- o
- L-p
- f
- V JfV qNfM-pL-eV ?
sZO-Ss-Xp
- L-Re-Ð iLq-e Dr-ÕM-¨O-ÐO. IÍL-eV sZO-Ss-Xp
- O-Ra y~nL-vU?
IÍM-jL-eV sZO-Ss-X? sZO-Ss-Xp
- O-Ra Za-j IÍL-e?V

Ai|-L-kM-W-SpL-aV.....
v|f|-ñ oLfQ-W-pM-sO-ç sZO-Ss-X-W¥ jLsV }YPÕO-W¥-
¨V j¤-W-eU. sZO-Ss-X jMqN--{M-\ÿV Av-p-O-Ra yvM-
Sw-x-f-W¥ WRº-¾L¢ WO·M-W-Rt yzL-pM-¨-eU.

WRº-¾M-p yvM-Sw-x-f-W¥ KLSqL }YPÕOU Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO. Bv-w|-oL-p vMv-q-°¥

WP·M-S\ÿ¡-¾V Ai|-L-kM-W \¡-\ÿ S}WLcN-W-qM-¨O-ÐO
S}WLcN-Wq
- e
- U
KqO }kwV-j-R¾ WOrM-\ÿV SmLi-v¤-¨-qM-¨L-jOU }kwV-j kqM-zL-q oL¡-Y-°¥
jM¡-SÇ-wM-¨L-jOU WuM-p-eU.
vMx--pU WLsM-W-vOU }ky-©-vO--oL-pM-qM-¨-eU.
BiM-WL-qM-W-oL-p nLxpOU Dça¨¾MjV yo-}Y-f-pO-oO-ºL-W-eU.
\M}f-°¥/WL¡-·P-eO-W¥/SlLS·L-W¥ IÐM-v D\M-f-Ro-ËM¤ D¥--RÕ-aO-¾LU.
Sj-aM-p iLq-e-W-tO-Ra AaM-òL-j-¾M¤ }YPÕO-W¥ Sjq-R¾ snM-\ÿ vMx-p-°¥-¨V sZO-Ss-X
fáL-rL-¨O-ÐO. yP\-W-°-tO-Ra AaM-òL-j-¾M¤ vMs-pM-qO-¾M KLSqL }YPÕOU RkLfO-vL-pM A-v-f-qM-ÕM-
¨O-ÐO. }YPÕO-W¥ kq-y×-qU vM-s-pM-qO-¾O-ÐO. vNºOU Ro\ÿ-RÕ-aO-¾L-j-v-y-qU j¤-WO-ÐO.

}kv¡¾jU & 7
kOr-ÍL¥ fáL-rL-¨LU
RRv¨U oOz--Ú-hV mxN-r-M-R£ "mLs|-WL-s-y-X-M' cM.yM.mOWV-yV, SWL·-pU vNºOU }kyM-ÈN-W-qM-
¨O-W-pL--eV. AfM-jV KqO kOr-ÍL¥ fáL-rL-¨O-W
WO·M-W¥ v|©M-Y-f-oL-pM kOr-ÍL¥ fáL-rL-¨O-ÐO
}YPÕM¤ Av-f-qM-ÕM-\ÿV Ro\ÿ-RÕ-aO-¾O-ÐO. J-fL-jOU \Ms-fV vLpM-\ÿV Av-f-qM--ÕM-¨O-ÐO.
kOr-ÍL-tM-Rj -I-°-Rj WPaO-f¤ Ro\ÿ-RÕ-aO-¾LU?
kOr-ÍL-tM¤ IRÍ-sæLU DºL-pM-qM-¨-eU?
RkLfO \¡-\ÿ-pM-sP-Ra S}WLcN-W-qM-¨O-ÐO.
}YP-ÕO-W¥ \¡-\ÿ- R\pÅV kOr-ÍL¥ jM¡-ÚM-¨O-ÐO. jM¡-ÚM-\ÿ-v RkLfO-vL--pM Av-f-qM-ÕM-¨O-ÐO. vMs-pM-qO-
¾O-ÐO.
67
S-}WL-cN-Wq
- e
- U
IuO-¾O-WL-q-R£ SlLS·L (-B-v-w|-Ro-ËM¤)
kOyV-f-W-¾M-R£ SkqV
q\-pM-fL-vM-R£/IcM-ã-rO-Ra SkqV
kOyV-f-W-¾M-R£ Dç-a-¨ yP-\-j (kOr-ÍL¥ WOrM-ÕV)
}kyL-i-W-R£ SkqV
vMs

fOa¡ }kv¡¾jU
kOrÍL¥ jM¡ÚLeU

WO·M-W¥ vLpM-\ÿV kqM-\-pM-\ÿ kOyV-f-W-°¥¨V kO-r-ÍL¥/kOr-ÍL¥-¨O-rM-ÕV jM¡-ÚM-¨L¢ Bv-

w|-RÕ-aLU
AjOmÌU & }kv¡¾jU
CqpMÚ¢ fÒMpORa ""KLojfMË¥¨MaLSvL'' IÐ fLqL·O kL·V (BsLkjU \M}f&oSjLqo
o|PyMWV) WO·MW¥ SW¥¨OÐO.
SW· yUYNfU ojôM¤ IÍV nLv°tLeV DºL¨MpfV ? & RkLfO \¡\ÿ
WO·MW¥ }kfMWqM¨OÐO.
jNsLUmqM IÐ qLYoLeV
C¾qU nLv°¥¨V WqeoLpfV
CT qLYU iLqLtU \s\ÿM}f YLj°tMsOU stMf YLj°tMsOU DkSpLYM\ÿM·OºV
JfLjOU YLj°¥ Ai|LkMW AvfqMÕM¨OÐO.
1. WMsOWM¤ kÒqU fMqMpOU oLjyU ArLpLfÒMtN.......
2. AÒLaM fÐMRsLqO¹N.....
Aµj¨¹jLpO¹N.....
3. z¡xmLxVkU fPW v¡x kµoM vÐO........
CfOSkLRs v|f|ñ nLv°¥ De¡¾OÐ YLj°¥ jM°¥¨V kqM\poOºLWOU.
yUYNf¾MRs KLSqL qLY¾MjOU v|f|ñ nLvU De¡¾L¢ WuMpOU. DÃLzR¾
De¡¾OÐ qLYoLeV SmYc(SvWa) \Ms YLj°¥ kqM\pRÕaP...
1. AÒsÕrÒMRs BqLo¾MRs R\Òq¾N ÕPSv....
2. CÐRs jNRpLqO yOÎqLYoLp
RkLSÐLa¨OusM¤ vRÐLtM\ÿMqOÐO.....
WPaOf¤ DhLzqe°¥ WRº¾M WæLôM¤ AvfqMÕM¨L¢ AvyqU KqO¨OoSsæL

Ai|-L-kM-W-SpL-aV.....
CT }kv¡¾jU WæLôM¤ ja¾OvL¢ yUYNfLi|kMWpOSaSpL,
WPaOf¤ iLqepOçvqOSaSpL SyvjU
}kSpL^jRÕaO¾LvOÐfLeV.
68
 CvqOU KÕoOºV...
}kSf|W kqMYej A¡zM¨OÐ WO·MWRt¨OrM\ÿV

k¾LU WæLôMRs WO·MWtORa kbj jMsvLqU s{|oL¨M W¹P¡ ^MsæL

kµLp¾V ByP}feU R\pÅ kÈfMpLeV oOWOtU. CT v¡xU oOf¤
yvMSwx yzLpU Bvw|oOç WO·MWRt WPaM D¥RÕaO¾MR¨LºOtt
kbj yLo}YMpLeV kÈfM s{|U Rv¨OÐfV. Ai|LkW¡, rMSyL¡yV
Ai|LkW¡, yzkbMfL¨¥ IÐMvqORa yzLpvOU yzWqevOU
CWSN (Childrens with special need) WO·MW¥¨V WPaM WM·¾¨vMiU kbj
}kv¡¾j°¥ kqoLviM sZPWqM\ÿV j¤WMpM·OºV. MR( Mentally Re-
tarded HI, VI, Autism, Cerebral palsy, learning IÐN vMnLY¾M¤RÕ·
WO·MWRt WPaM We¨MRsaO¾LeV AjOSpL^|oLp kbj
}kv¡¾j°¥ CT kOyVfW¾M¤ D¥RÕaO¾M pMqM¨OÐfV.
}kSf|W kqMYej A¡zM¨OÐ KLSqL WO·MpOU v|f|ñ
jMsvLq¾MsOçvqLeV. AfORWLºO fRÐ }kv¡¾ j°RtsæLU
KSq jMsvLq ¾MsOçfLWOÐfM¤ A¡ÀoMsæ. KLSqL WO·MpOSapOU
SwxM WRº¾M AvRq Dp¡Ð jMsvL q¾MSs¨V I¾M¨OWpLeV
jÚORa \Oofs. yLiLqe WæLyV oOrMWtM¤ CWSN WO·MWStLaOç
yoNkj¾M¤ Ai|LkW¡ èÈMS¨º \Ms WLq|°¥ yP\MÕM¨R·.
ojOx|f~kqvOU pO©MkP¡¹vOoLp yoNkjoLeV
Cv¡¨Lvw|U.
yLiLqe WO·MW¥¨LpM ByP}feU R\pÅ }kv¡¾j°¥
CWSN WO·MW¥¨V SjaLjLRpÐV vqMsæ. CfO fMqM\ÿrM´V kbj
}kv¡¾ j°tM¤ AjOqPkNWqeU(Adaptation) ja¾OWpOU CT
vMnLYU WO·MWtORa kLSb|fq WuMvOWRt WRº¾M S}kLÃL
zMÕM¨OWpOU R\áeU.
CWSNWO·MWRt WPaM }YPÕO }kv¡¾j°tM¤ D¥RÕaO¾M
R¨LºOç AvyqU SmLikO¡vÿU yQìM\ÿORWLaO¨eU.

69