EDUCATION

IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Joahne P. Tipay, R.N.
Foundations of Education
August 02, 2010
PRIMITIVE EDUCATION
• Life is simple compared with life
today.
• Means of livelihood
– Hunting
– Gathering wild fruits and vegetables
• Live in crude huts in a limited
area with few or no contact at all
with other people.
PRIMITIVE EDUCATION
Aims of Primitive Education
• Security and Survival
• Conformity
• Preservation and transmission of
traditions
PRIMITIVE EDUCATION
Types of Education
• Vocational
• Religious (animistic)
Content to be Studied
Agencies of Education
• Home
• Environment
Organization of Grades
PRIMITIVE EDUCATION
Methods of Instruction
• Done informally
• Observation and imitation
• Simple telling and demonstration
• Participation
Financing
Contribution to Education
PRIMITIVE EDUCATION
• Education in the Philippines
evolved from early settlers to the
present.
• Education in the country is in
great importance because it is
the primary avenue for upward
social and economic mobility.
PRIMITIVE EDUCATION
• Philippine educational system
has a very deep history from the
past in which it has undergone
several stage of development
going to the present system of
education.
PRIMITIVE EDUCATION
• Early Filipino ancestors valued
education very much. Filipino men
and women know how to read and
write using their own native alphabet
called alibata.
• The alibata was composed of 17
symbols representing the letters of
the alphabet. Among these
seventeen symbols were three
vowels and fourteen consonants.
PRIMITIVE EDUCATION
ALIBATA
– Among these
seventeen
symbols were
three vowels
and fourteen
consonants.
MUSLIM EDUCATION
Aims of Muslim Education
• Scientific
• Practical
• Initiative and welfare
• Religious
• Vocational
MUSLIM EDUCATION
Types of Education
• Science education
• Vocational education
• Religious education
• Artistic designing
• Avocational training
• Professional education
MUSLIM EDUCATION
Content to be Studied
Agencies of Education
• Courts of the early caliphs
• Elementary schools
• Secondary schools
• Kuttab
• Universities
Organization of Grades
MUSLIM EDUCATION
• Methods of Instruction
• Repetition and drill
• Memorization and imitation
• Lecture, observation, and
experimentation
Financing
Contribution to Education
SPANISH PERIOD
• Education system was formal
• Religious congregations paved
the way in establishing schools
from the primary level to the
tertiary level of education
• Separate school for boys and
girls
SPANISH PERIOD
• Wealthy Filipinos or the
Ilustrados were accommodated
in the schools.
• Colonial education brought more
non-beneficial effects to the
Filipinos
SPANISH PERIOD
• The friars controlled the
educational system during the
Spanish times.
• These missionaries emphasized
the teachings of the Catholic
religion starting from the primary
level to the tertiary level of
education.
SPANISH PERIOD
• Students in the primary level
were taught the Christian
Doctrines, the reading of
Spanish books and a little of the
natives' language
• Science and Mathematics were
not very much taught to the
students even in the universities.
SPANISH PERIOD
• Latin was also taught to the
students instead of Spanish
• Schools before were exclusive
for the Spaniards.
• Filipinos were only able to enter
the school in the late 19th
century.
SPANISH PERIOD
• The schools also limited their
accommodations to the sons of
wealthy Filipino families in 1863.

Educational Decree 1863

educational system for students in
the country was established by
virtue of the Education Decree of
1863
SPANISH PERIOD
• The decree required the
government to provide school
institutions for boys and girls in
every town.
• As a consequence, the Spanish
schools started accepting
Filipino students.
SPANISH PERIOD
• It was during this time when the
intellectual Filipinos emerged.
• The Normal School was also
established which gave men the
opportunity to study a three-year
teacher education for the
primary level.
SPANISH PERIOD
• Although the schools were
already open for Filipinos, the
friars still believed that the
Filipinos would not be able to
match their skills and that the
only way for the Filipinos to learn
fast was to impose upon them
strict discipline which means
applying corporal punishment.
SPANISH PERIOD
SPANISH PERIOD
• The first established schools
were exclusive for the boys.
• The Augustinians built the first
school in the Philippines situated
in Cebu in 1565.
SPANISH PERIOD
• First college school for the boys
was the "Colegio de San
Ignacio“
• Established by the Jesuits in
Manila in 1589
SPANISH PERIOD
• "Colegio de San Idelfonso" in
Cebu in 1595.
• 1601, "Colegio de San Jose“
• 1589, the "Escuela Pia" was
entrusted by the government to
the Jesuits. Later, this was called
Ateneo de Municipal which is now
the famous Ateneo de Manila
SPANISH PERIOD
• The Dominicans also made a
name as they established one of
the best universities in the
Philippines
• University of Santo Tomas, which
was opened in 1611
• 1630, the Dominicans established
another university, the "San Juan
de Letran" for the orphaned boys
SPANISH PERIOD
• "Colegio de Santa Potenciana"
was the first school and college for
girls.
• Opened in 1589.
• Colegio de Santa Isabel opened in
1632.
• The religious congregations also
established schools for the girls
called "beaterio".
SPANISH PERIOD
• "beaterio" was meant for
orphaned girls who could not
afford to educate themselves
• subjects taught were:
– housekeeping,
– cooking,
– sewing and embroidery-making, and
– others intended for good
housekeeping
SPANISH PERIOD
Effects of Colonial Education in
the Philippines  
– only compelled to the friars'
influences from their lessons
based on the Christian Doctrines
or teachings.
– friars were effective in
evangelizing the Catholic religion
to the Filipinos.
SPANISH PERIOD
Effects of Colonial Education in
the Philippines  
– One major failure of the
educational system of the religious
congregations was the withholding
of the Filipinos to learn other
bodies of knowledge.
SPANISH PERIOD
Effects of Colonial Education in
the Philippines  
– Besides limiting education to the
teaching of Spanish, Latin, and the
Filipino languages, the teaching of
Religion was also given emphasis.
– Thus, the teaching of Mathematics
and Science were neglected.
SPANISH PERIOD
Effects of Colonial Education in
the Philippines  
– In entirety, education during the
Spanish regime was privileged
only to Spanish students
– The supposed Philippine
education was only a means to
remain in the Philippines as
colonizers
SPANISH PERIOD
Effects of Colonial Education in
the Philippines  
– For this reason, the Filipinos
became followers to the Spaniards
in their own country.
– Even fortunate Filipinos became
cronies, to the extent that even
their life styles were patterned
from the Spaniards.
SPANISH PERIOD
Effects of Colonial Education in
the Philippines  
– several educated Filipinos referred
to as ilustrados began movements
directed towards change in the
system of government in the
Philippines
SPANISH PERIOD
Effects of Colonial Education in
the Philippines  
– Despite their wealth and
education, the ilustrados were still
considered by the Spaniards to be
inferior.
SPANISH PERIOD
Effects of Colonial Education in
the Philippines  
– One of the goals of the ilustrado
was to be in the same level with the
proud Spaniards.
– The growing number of ilustrados in
the Philippines maybe considered
one of the major effects of
education by the Spaniards in the
Philippines.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• Education became very important
for the Filipinos.
• This was something that the
Americans gave importance to, the
spread of democracy and formation
of good citizens including the rights
and responsibilities of the people
were the focus of American
education in the country.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• Education allowed the
Americans to spread or share
their culture, particularly the
English language, to the
Filipinos.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• The American government wanted
to give everyone the chance to
study so they built public schools
for the Filipinos.
• Volunteer Filipino soldiers became
the first teachers of the Filipinos.
• Part of their mission was to build
classrooms in every place where
they were assigned.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• The Filipino soldiers stopped
teaching only when a group of
teachers from the U.S. came to
the Philippines in June 1901.
• They came aboard the ship
"Sheridan."
• In August 1901, 600 teachers
called "Thomasites" arrived.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• Their name came from the ship
they traveled on, the S.S.
Thomas.
• This group became successful in
their mission.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• Every child from age 7 was
required to register in schools
located in their own town or
province.
• The students were given free
school materials.
• There were three levels of
education during the American
period.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• The "elementary" level consisted
of four primary years and 3
intermediate years.
• The "secondary" or high school
level consisted of four years;
and the third was the "college"
or tertiary level.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• Many elementary and secondary
schools were opened in cities
and provinces.
• Normal, vocational, agricultural,
and business schools were also
opened.
• There were also colleges during
the American period.
AMERICAN PERIOD
Some of these colleges are:
– Philippine Normal School in 1901
(now a university);
– National University (1901);
– University of Manila (1914);
– Philippine Women University
(1919); and
– Far Eastern University (1933).
AMERICAN PERIOD
Examples of vocational schools
are:
– Philippine Nautical School,
– Philippine School of Arts and
Trades and
– Central Luzon Agriculture School.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• The University of the Philippines
was also founded in 1908.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• Religion - not included in the curriculum of the schools.
• gave recognition to those students who excelled academically.
• They were sent to the U.S. to continue their studies and to
become expert in their desired fields or professions.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• "scholars" because the government covered all their
expenses.
• In return, they were to teach or work in government offices
after they finished their studies.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• There were successful Filipino scholars like:
– Judge Jose Abad Santos,
– Francisco Benitez,
– Dr. Honoria Sison and
– Francisco Delgado.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• The government was not only concerned with the welfare of the youth.
• Formal education was also provided to those who were of age.
• Schools were also built in non-Catholic areas like Sulu, Mindanao, and
the Mountain Provinces.
AMERICAN PERIOD
• Attention was given to vocational and health practice.
• The knowledge of the Filipinos in reading and writing
were very high during the American period.
JAPANESE PERIOD
Changes in Education During
the Japanese Occupation  
• The government made some
changes in the system of
education in February, 1942.
JAPANESE PERIOD
These changes were:
– To stop depending on western
countries like the U.S., and Great
Britain. Promote and enrich the
Filipino culture.
– To recognize that the Philippines is
a part of the Greater East Asia Co-
Prosperity Sphere so that the
Philippines and Japan will have
good relations.
JAPANESE PERIOD
– To be aware of materialism to
raise the morality of the Filipinos.
– To learn and adopt Nippongo and
to stop using the English
language.
– To spread elementary and
vocational education.
– To develop love for work.