(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2010
Abstract
Service Oriented Architecture has gained a universalacceptance as a strategy for developing new applications indynamic environments through self contained, reusable and configurable services. By adherence to the web servicesstandards stack, these services can interoperate with other services and can also be transformed into a composition of services. The behavior and operation of a service has to beclosely monitored for an efficient delivery to the client. Ranking and selection of the services among various service providers have become an important factor for a successfulbusiness solution. Quality of Service (QoS) determines thequality and usability of a service and is determined after analyzing the QoS attributes collected from various sources. Hence it has become our research motivation for transfer and reception of QoS data. In this paper, we propose anadaptive and reliable service delivery framework, whichadopts a Fuzzy-Bayesian Network (FBN) approach throughwhich the web services can be ranked and selected automatically. Also this framework offers reliability and availability aspects of QoS demand.
Keywords : Web service selection, QoS, Fuzzy-BayesianNetwork (FBN), Web Services ranking
1. Introduction
The QoS specification in Web Services has become theneed of the day. The service consumers aim to have a goodservice performance with relatively low waiting time, highavailability and reliability to successfully use the service.Also the service providers are formulating their efforts toachieve high throughput guarantees with low response timeusing dynamic capacity allocation, resource allocation andload balancing in order to cater to a large volume of clientswith assured QoS. In the present architecture each of theinput requests are manually mapped to a pre-specifiedcategory of the provider at the registry. The serviceconsumer has little knowledge about the QoS attributesassociated with that particular category and the run-timeevaluation of QoS metrics is not available To bridge the gapbetween the Web Services layer and the underlying QoSaware transport methodologies, a suitable framework maybe developed which enables the efficient service selection.This framework should allow both the clients andservice providers to specify their requests and service offerswith QoS properties. It should also map the QoSrequirements from the Web service and application layeronto the underlying networking layer thereby achieving anoverall boost in the QoS across different layers as that of theInternet model. For this a well defined set of QoS indicesare used which includes non-runtime data like cost and run-time data as availability, execution time, mean responsetime, trustworthy, performance, capacity. The cost is ameasure of the price involved in requesting the service,which is based on volume of data and execution time is theguaranteed max (or average or min) time taken between thearrival of service request and catering of the request. Thecapacity represents the limit of concurrent requests forguaranteed performance. For some of the QoS metrics it isnot dependable to rely on the service provider’sadvertisement as it may have a biased version favoring theirown service. So the QoS data has to be adjudged in a neutralway and this leads to the development of an independentframework which not only relies on service provider butalso considers other indices.The rest of the paper is organized as follows, the section2 discusses the survey of literature, section 3 describes thedesign and architecture of the proposed framework andsection 4 deals with the Fuzzy-Bayesian Network. In section5 we provide the implementation and experimental results.Section 6 discusses the possible future work and itconcludes.
SOA based Adaptive Reliable Service Delivery Frameworkusing QoS: A Fuzzy-Bayesian Network Approach
R.Sivaraman
Dr.RM.Chandrasekeran
Dy.Director-CCT RegistrarAnna University Tiruchirappalli Anna University Tiruchirappalli
Email:rsiva.raman@yahoo.comEmail:aurmc@sify.com
226http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2010
2. Related Work
With the widespread use of Web Services the QoS havebecame the significant factor in selecting a best serviceamong the providers and it constitutes the differentiatingpoint for a group of services. QoS generally refers tononfunctional properties of Web services such as price,performance, reliability, integrity, availability, accessibility,interoperability, security, etc. [1]. Certain traditionalapproaches [2] make use of QoS policies and a weighingsystem to judge through the attributes. This approach isapplicable only when there is a relatively small set of services and attributes. Since all the services cannot beweighed through a common attribute thereby limiting thisapproach to a smaller set of services. Also rule based modelproposed by Patel et.al [3] is too restrictive and provide acondensed set of alternatives for service execution. Menasce[4] in his research has highlighted the need for QoSdefinition, specification and evaluation in WS from theperspective of both service provider and service user. W3C[5] has summarized the key requirements of QoS for Webservices. Recently, several research works have dealt withthe definition of QoS languages for WS-based applications.Ludwig [6] in his work have discussed about the QoSlanguages and the service level agreements(SLA) that are tobe initiated between the service consumer and serviceproviders for proper operation of the system after satisfyingthe QoS requirements. Hewlett-Packard (HP) has proposed aWeb Services Management Language (WSML) andframework and IBM have developed a Web Service LevelAgreement (WSLA) language.In a SOA environment the QoS data of the serviceproviders continuously change during the lifetime of aservice. There is no mechanism that periodically updates theQoS data into the registries. Al-Masri et al.[7] have statedthat about 53% URL’s of the Universal BusinessRegistries(UBR) are invalid and they cannot be validatedwith a valid WSDL document. This means that the metadatainformation collected at the time of registration of a servicein the registry, has been modified and not yet been reportedto the registry for proper updation. Since the informationcontained in the UBR are not accurate, it utilized moreresources when performing the binding of web services andwasted a considerable time in trying to communicate witheither non functional or poorly functioning web services.The clients should know the revised QoS information tochoose the appropriate service accordingly.Various query based and monitoring basedmethods exist [8-10] for obtaining the QoS values of theservices. The former periodically queries the service andactively request for the QoS information whereas the laterutilizes a monitoring engine that runs on the serviceprovider side as a middleware or acts as a central proxy. Linet.al.[11] have formalized the service selection for a Webservice composition as a fuzzy constraint satisfactionproblem. Each QoS criteria has five fuzzy sets describing itsconstraint levels: Poorly Acceptable (PA), AlmostAcceptable (AA), Acceptable (A), Very Acceptable (VA),and Extremely Acceptable (EA). The overall QoSpreference of a user is then represented by a fuzzyexpression which is composed of a group of fuzzy setsconnected by the and logical operator. They have introducednecessary definitions for mapping a Web service dynamiccomposition to a fuzzy constraint satisfaction problem(FCSP) and finding its solution through NP-hard [12].Xiong et.al. [13] modeled QoS based service selection as afuzzy multiple criteria decision making problem (FMCDM).QoS criteria are evaluated by a set of linguistic expressionsL1 = {Very Poor (VP), Medium Poor (MP), Poor (P),Medium (M), Good (G), Medium Good (MG), Very Good(VG)}. Similarly, the weights of QoS criteria are expressedby a set of linguistic expression L2 = {Very Low (VL), Low(L), Medium (M), High (H), Very High (VH)}. Theselinguistic expressions are mapped to fuzzy set membershipfunctions to yield the results. Agarwal et.al [14] suggestedthat user preferences can be defined as a set of fuzzy If-Then rules. The If part contains membership functions of various QoS criteria of a Web service and the Then part isone of the membership functions of a special conceptrepresenting the rank of the Web service. In each rule, fuzzyconcepts like fast, medium, slow or cheap, medium,expensive are used to express imprecise values of QoSproperties and these fuzzy concepts are modeled asmembership functions.
3. Proposed Framework
In this paper we propose to create a reliablearchitectural framework that can manage faults and canadapt itself to provide a reliable service. This frameworkdecouples the clients from the service providers and takescare of the service execution after due consideration of allQOS issues. Presently the web service clients are typicallyhardwired with the service providers and does not adaptdynamically in case of service failures. Unavailability of aservice is handled only with a manual intervention duringfailures and fixing them accordingly. This involves servicestoppage which directly hinders the performance of thesystem. The proposed framework addresses this issue byacting as a layer in between the web service clients and theweb service providers and dynamically reconfigures itself torespond to the faults so that the business processes cancontinue in the event of service failures. By virtue of usingSOA and XML based web services, this framework ismultiplatform enabled along with multi protocol supportthat can bridge various interfaces, thereby removing thedifficulty of integrating mobile and wireless sensor networkclients with this framework. The clients submit theirrequests to the framework and during runtime the
227http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2010
framework will select on behalf of the clients the mostappropriate service available or its equivalent compatibleservice depending on the QOS parameters. As shown in Fig.1, the modules of the proposed framework include a ServiceController (SC),Service Processor (SP), Service Registry (SR) and aService dispatcher (SD) which holds a QoS and QoErepository. All the requests from the clients are routedthrough this framework to the services located in theservers. The clients search for the available services throughthis framework, get the WSDL and start communicatingwith the desired service. The role of SP is for registering andconfiguring all the available and compatible services fromvarious service providers. Contractual relationships areestablished with the service providers and after due testing,the services are registered and configured into thisframework. All the available services are stored in SR thatacts as a private UDDI registry. The SR also holdsadditional information like the number of retries in case of aservice access failure and the list of equivalent servicesavailable with other service providers.The SC acts as an admission authority that blocks theunauthorized SOAP messages from the clients. The clientsauthenticate themselves by their physical hardware addresswhich has been previously registered with the SC. The listof all registered clients and their respective hardwareaddresses are stored in the SC which are validated duringservice requests and only authorized clients are permitted toinvoke service requests. The SC also holds a connectionmanager which holds a multiple connection links with theclient routed through different Internet Service Providers(ISPs). In our experimental study each client is connectedwith three different links, a Virtual Private Network(VPN)link, a Multi Protocol Labeled Switching (MPLS) link and aregular Internet link. In case of failure of any of the link theother takes control over thereby offering the client a reliableconnection path. The route redirector acts as a cache andredirection router in case of any link failure to re-route thereply through any of the available clients. Since all theclients are interlinked together, the reply for Client-2 can beredirected and pushed through Client-4 in case of failure of connectivity between Client-2 and the server.The service dispatcher (SD) is responsible for the transfer of request from the service consumer to the service provider. Itmakes use of the Fuzzy-Bayesian Network algorithm forefficient judging of the QoS and QoE values. These valuesare collected from the repositories and continuouslymonitored for the dynamic changes. The services are rankedaccordingly and the service requests from the clients will bedirected to the available provider for service invocation.
4. Fuzzy-Bayesian Network Approach
Fuzzy sets were derived from the concepts proposed byL.A. Zadeh. Bayesian network is a model of uncertainknowledge representation and reasoning based on theprobability and graph theory and was proposed by J. Pearl[15].Fuzzy Bayesian networks (FBN) represent a machinelearning model comprising of variables which aresimultaneously fuzzy and uncertain. A FBN is a Bayesiannetwork which has fuzzy variables [16]. In the proposedwork, Y represents the services and X represents the QoSmetrics. By the Bayesian equation [17], if
X
and
Y
areevents, and
P(Y)>
0, then the conditional probability of
X
,given
Y
is,
)()(Y)¦(
Y P XY P X P
=
X)¦P(X)P(YY)¦()()(
==
X PY P XY P
Assume that {Y
i
,
i
€
n
}is a countable unit of events. Let Ybe another event and suppose that we know
P(Y
i
)
and
Client -nClient -3Client -2Client -1ServiceProvider -4
ServiceProvider -3
ServiceProvider -2
ServiceProvider -1
Fig.1. Proposed Framework
ServiceController (SC)
ServiceDispatcher(SD)
ServiceRegistry (SR)ServiceProcessor (SP)
QoSQoE
Connection ManagerAdmission AuthorityFBN AgentQoS / QoE MonitorRoute Redirector
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SOA based Adaptive Reliable Service Delivery Framework using QoS: A Fuzzy-Bayesian Network Approach
Service Oriented Architecture has gained a universal acceptance as a strategy for developing new applications in dynamic environments through self contained, reusable and configurable services. By adherence to the web services standards stack, these services can…
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